Kauia ʻo 22 Pepeluali, 2016 na ʻO Giuseppe Gangarossa in Pono Neuroscience, Endocrinology, Hoʻomanaʻo & aʻo, Nā Hana Pūnaewele
Ke noʻonoʻo mākou e pili ana i nā hormones sex, kaulana estrogens a me androgens, pili pinepine mākou iā lākou me ka wahine, male wahine a me ke kūkulu ʻana i ke kino. E like me nā homa āpau, he ʻelele kemikela, nā mea hua i kūkulu ʻia i kekahi ʻāpana o ke kino e hele ai e haʻi i nā ʻāpana i nā mea e hana ai. Akā, loaʻa iā mākou pinepine ka manawa e poina i ka hopena nui e pili ana i kēia mau hāme a me nā hana lolo. Mai nā noiʻi holoholona, ua ʻike ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lolo i ka testosterone a me ka estradiol, he nui nā hormones i loaʻa i nā kāne a me nā wahine, ʻike ʻole i nā loli like ʻole o ka palaualelo (McCarthy et al., 2012). Ke ʻano ulu nui a hoihoi maoli i ka ʻepekema pili ke ʻano nā hana sex i kahi hana neuromodulatory ma ka hana cognitive brain function (Janowsky, 2006). Eia nō kekahi, ua hōʻike ka testosterone disfunctions (hypogonadism, chemical castration, etc.). Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai ua holomua kēia mau mea, e mau ana ka enigma pehea e pili ai i ka hormone sex i ka lolo.
Ma kahi pepa hoihoi i paʻi ʻia ma PLOS ONE, Ua hana ʻo Picot a me nā hoa hana i hoʻopiha hoʻokahi i loko o ka puʻupuʻu. Ua noiʻi lākou i nā hopena neurobiological o ka abebation androgen receptor (AR) ablation ma ka hippocampal plasticity a me ka hana cognitive i nā kāne rodents (Picot et al., 2016). ʻOiai ua hōʻike nui kekahi mau hōʻike i kahi pilina ma waena o nā hormones sex a me ka hana cognitive (Galea et al., 2008; Janowsky, 2006), ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea e pono ai e hana e hoʻopiha piha i nā hana "non-sex" o androgens.
Androgen receptors, testosterone a me ka hana lima
Ma ka pūnaehana hoʻonāwai sentral, nakinaki a testosterone me AR i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka cytoplasm cell. Ma ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana, hiki i ka AR ke unuhi i loko o ka pūnao kahi e hiki ai ke hana e like me kahi mea kākau trans-DNA, a laila e hoʻoponopono ʻia ma ka hana transkrip. Ke nānā nei mākou i nā hiʻohiʻona hōʻike o ka AR i ka lolo, ʻike mākou i ka mea koʻikoʻi i loko o ka cortex cerebral a me ka hippocampus, nā wahi e pili pū ana i nā hana cognitive kiʻekiʻe e like me ka hoʻomanaʻo, aʻo, ka hoʻoikaika a me ka nānā.
Ke hoʻohana nei i kahi laina kiʻi i nele i ka hōʻike AR i ka kikoʻī o ka nupepa, ua nānā nā mea kākau i kahi hoʻowalewale i ka hoʻōla kino o ka ʻike hoʻomanaʻo. ʻO kēia ʻano hoʻomanaʻo e hōʻike i ka hiki ke hoʻomanaʻo i ka manawa i ʻike ʻia ai nā mea a me nā hanana. ʻAʻole hiki i nā kiʻi kahi neʻe AR i hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i waena o nā mea ʻelua i hele ʻole i ka papa hana pilikino i hiki ai i nā kiʻiona hihiu ke hoʻokaʻawale i waena o nā mea ʻike kiʻi i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano hana pilikino (ʻo ka mea mua i ʻike ʻia ka mea i ʻike ʻia mua loa) ((Hōʻike 1). ʻO ka hoʻōla kino a me ka hana hoʻōla i nā mea koʻikoʻi nui o ka hoʻomanaʻo episodic. E like me ia, i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana paha i ka hewa i nānā ʻia ma muli o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka hana mua a i ʻole ka hopena hope loa, ua hana nā mea kākau i kahi hana hoʻonaninani ʻokoʻa kino, ka ʻike hōʻahewa ʻia ka mea, a me nā mau kiʻo ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma waena o kahi kamaʻāina kahi mea ʻike ʻole. ʻO ka mea mahalo, ua hiki i nā kiore mutant ke hana i ka ʻae ʻole, e hōʻike nei e hoʻōla ana ka hana hoʻonaʻauao ma hope o kahi AR genetic deletion.Hōʻike 1). Ke piha nei, ke hōʻike nei kēia ʻikepili i ka hopena e hiki i nā androgens ke hopena i ka hoʻōla ʻana o ka papa pilikino o ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i nā episodic, he hana paʻa i ka maʻi Alzheimer. Eia nō naʻe, "inā paha kēia kuhihewa i lilo ai i kahi hoʻopuni paʻa a i ʻole ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i kahi hoʻomanaʻo hewa.”, E ʻōlelo ana ʻo Kauka Sakina Mhaouty-Kodja, ka mea kākau nui o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ke alakaʻi o ka hui.
Hōʻike 1. ʻO nā ʻekena a me nā kiʻi kaomi ʻekekini i kahi pōkole i kahi hana hoʻomanaʻo hoʻomanaʻo kino (a, c) akā ka mana o ka mana o ka mana (b, d).
Androgen receptors a me ka palaka paleka
Hoʻokomo nui ka hippocampus i ka hana pilikino o ka ʻike hoʻomanaʻo o ka ʻike hoʻomanaʻo. Hāʻawi ʻia i nā hopena no ka hana a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hōʻike o ka AR i kēia hana e pili ana i ka hoʻomanaʻo, ua hoʻoholo nā mea kākau e noiʻi inā hiki i ka AR hiki ke hoʻololi i ka plasticity brain. Ke hoʻohana nei i nā loiloi electrophysiological, ua ʻike ʻo Picot a me nā hoa hana i nā kiʻi AR-ablated neore ʻo ka hippocampi o nā kiʻi AR-ablated.ea"E like me ka hōʻemi nui ʻana i ka ʻoihana lōʻihi (LTP) i ʻike ʻia (Hōʻike 2). ʻIke ʻia ʻo LTP ke kikowaena pūnaewele a me ka mole mole o ke aʻo ʻana a me nā hana hoʻomanaʻo (Lynch, 2004). ʻOiai ʻo ka loulou pololei ma waena o ka lawena a me ka LTP e nalowale nei, he mea hoʻowalewale paha i ka manaʻo ʻana he pilikia paha ka cerebral AR no ka hana neuronal. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, i ka ʻaelike me nā hoʻokolohua LTP, ua ʻike nā mea kākau i ka hōʻike ʻana o nāʻiole AR-mutant i ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka synaptic basal transmission, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia kahi hoʻololi ʻana o nā receptor glutamate ionotropic, AMPA a me NMDA. “ʻO ka nalowale ʻole a emi ʻole iho i ke kau ʻana o ka neural AR a laila hiki mai i ka hoʻopailua i nā hana a me nā ʻano e hana ʻia e nā ʻekekekema o ka lolo”, Ua noi i nā mea kākau.
Hōʻike 2. Ke hoʻololi nei ka genetic o AR e hoʻololi i nā potentiation lōʻihi lōʻihi (LTP) i ka hippocampus.
Nā ʻike e hiki mai ana
Ke hōʻike nei kēia haʻawina i kahi hana koʻikoʻi i mua i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā hana like ʻole o ka wahine a ka wahine. "He ʻoluʻolu loa", Wahi a Dr. Sakina Mhaouty-Kodja,"ke hoʻokokoke nei ka androgen hormone i ka hana nui i ka lolo wahine a me ka papa hana i kēia manawa i ka lab”. I ka mea maoli, ʻoiai me nā ʻokoʻa ma nā manaʻo o ka hormonal, ʻo nā kāne a me nā wahine i hōʻike i nā mea hoʻonaninani no ka androgens (AR) a me nā estrogens (ER), ke hōʻike nei he koʻikoʻi ko mākou lolo i ko mākou manaʻo. Nui nā nīnau hoihoi mai ia a me nā ʻike ʻē aʻe. Ma laila paha e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i ka lolo kino? ʻOkoʻa ʻē nā kāne a me nā wahine ma mua o ko mākou manaʻoʻiʻo, a i ʻole ma ke ʻano, he ʻano like? He wahi hoihoi maikaʻi loa kēia a e hoʻonui i ka noiʻi noiʻi e alakaʻi i nā ʻike nui, e loli ai ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka lolo.
E hoʻomaopopo '
- ʻO McCarthy MM, ʻo Arnold AP, ʻo Ball GF, ʻo Blaustein JD, ʻo De Vries GJ (2012). Nā ʻokoʻa moekolohe ma ka lolo: ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻole kūpono ʻole. ʻO J Neurosci 32: 2241–2247
- Janowsky JS (2006). Ke noʻonoʻo nei me kāu gonads: testosterone a me cognition. Kāleka Cogn Sci. 10: 77 – 82
- PicotM, Billard JM, Dombret C, Albac C, Karameh N, Daumas S, Hardin-Pouzet H, Mhaouty-Kodja S (2016). Hoʻopau ka Neural Androgen Receptor Holo i ka hana kūlohelohe o nā mea a me nā Hippocampal CA1-Dependent Mechanism. PLoS Hoʻokahi. Peb 5; 11 (2): e0148328
- Galea LAM, Uban KA, Epp JR, Brummelte S, Barha CK, Wilson WL, et al. (2008). Hoʻoponopono i ka hopena endocrine o ka cognition a me ka neuroplasticity: ko mākou hahai ʻana e wehe i ka hoʻopulapula paʻakikī o waena o nā hormone, ka lolo, a me ka ʻano. Hiki iā J Exp Psychol Rev hiki iā Psychol Expérimentale. 62: 247 – 260
- ʻO Lynch MA (2004). ʻO ka potentiation lōʻihi a me ka hoʻomanaʻo. Physiol Rev. Jan; 84 (1): 87-136
'Ōlelo hōʻeia
Mahalo nui ka mea kākau iā Teresita Cruz no ke kōkua.
ʻO nā manaʻo ʻē aʻe i hōʻike ʻia, ʻo ia nō ka mea kākau, ʻaʻole pono e noʻonoʻo i nā PLOS. ʻAʻole kuhi ʻia kēia palapala manaʻo e hoʻoikaika i ka nui o nā wai inu wai keu.
ʻO Giuseppe Gangarossa ua loaʻa iā ia kāna PhD i Biomedical Science, Neuroscience kūikawā, mai ke Kulanui o Bologna. He hoa kipa ʻo ia ma ka Karolinska Institutet (Sotckholm, Suède) a me Inserm (Montpellier, Palani) a he postdoc ʻo ia i kēia manawa ma ka Collège de France (Paris, Palani). ʻO kāna kumuhana noiʻi nui ka maʻi lolo e pili ana i ka dopamine. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hāhai iā ia ma twitter @PeppeGanga
;