Kev soj ntsuam xyuas cov kev cai lij choj ntawm Prause et al., 2015

Introduction

Kev kawm EEG: "Teebmeem ntawm kev zoo siab tuaj yeem los ntawm kev sib deev cov dluab hauv cov neeg siv teeb meem thiab cov kev tswj ntawm incongistent nrog porn yees"(Prause li al., 2015)

Kev Thov: Txog niaj hnub no, cov neeg tshawb nrhiav yav dhau los UCLA Nicole Prause khav theeb hais tias nws txoj kev tshawb nrhiav EEG ib leeg "dag cov qauv kev tiv thaiv porn."

Kev muaj tiag: Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia txog kev tsis txaus siab / kev thab li nyob rau hauv cov neeg siv ntau porn. Vim tias daim ntawv no qhia ntau dua kev siv porn siv tsawg lub hlwb ua rau vanilla porn nws yog teev tseg rau no lub website raws li kev txhawb rau lub tswv yim hais tias ntev porn siv tswj regulates kev sib deev arousal. Ua tib zoo, cov neeg siv cov porn uas nquag siv tau yog los ntawm cov duab liab qab uas muaj duab liab qab. (Cov kev tshawb nrhiav no mus tib seem Kuhn & Gallinat., 2014.) Cov kev tshawb pom no zoo ib yam kam rau ua, kos npe rau ntawm yeesCov. Kev qaug rau lub zog txhais tau tias tus neeg tsis mloog lus rau tshuaj lossis kev txhawb nqa uas yog los ntawm kev siv ntau zaus. XNUMX cuaj pawg neeg cov ntaub ntawv tshuaj xyuas hauv qab no pom zoo nrog qhov no YBOP kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm Prause li al., 2015.

Nees nkaum xya cov kev tshawb fawb tau tshaj tawm cov lus tshawb pom kom haum nrog kho qhov tseeb / cue-reactivity. Vim tias cov neeg siv porn muaj tsawg tshaj li EEG nyeem dua li kev tswj hwm, tus kws sau keeb kwm Nicole Prause tau hais nws daim ntawv, nrog qhov kev txiav txim siab tsis zoo, "dag" cov qauv yees duab liab qab. Nws thov tias nws qhov kev nyeem EEG ntsuas "cue-reactivity," ntau dua li habituation. Txawm hais tias Prause yog lawm, nws ntxim tsis tau lub qhov qhov txawv ntawm qhov nws hais tias "khib nyiab". Tsis hais nws cov neeg pab leg ntaubntawv txog Prause li al. 2015 nrhiav tsawg dua cue-reactivity nyob rau hauv cov neeg siv porn heev, 26 lwm yam neurological cov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia cue-reactivity los yog cravings (sensitization) hauv cov neeg siv porn compulsive: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27. Kev tshawb fawb tsis mus nrog txoj kev tshawb xyuas lub suab qauj khuam ntawm qhov teeb meem loj thiab biok spokespersons; Kev tshawb nrhiav mus nrog qhov ua pov thawj ntawm qhov pov thawj.

Nco ntsoov: Hauv 2018 kev nthuav qhia Gary Wilson qhia qhov tseeb ntawm 5 cov lus nug thiab kev tshawb fawb, nrog rau ob qho kev kawm Nicole Prause EEG (Steele li al., 2013 thiab Prause li al., 2015): Porn Kev tshawb fawb: Qhov tseeb los sis ntawv tseeb?

Kaum tus phooj ywg tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ntawm Prause li al., 2015. Tshaj ntawm cov intervening xyoo ntau cov kev tshawb fawb neuroscience tau luam tawm (MRI, fMRI, EEG, neuropsychological, hormonal). Txhua tus muab kev txhawb nqa muaj zog rau cov qauv kev quav yeeb yaj kiab raws li lawv cov kev tshawb pom tsom qhov tshawb pom neurological qhia nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb quav tshuaj. Cov kws tshaj lij tiag tiag cov lus pom txog kev siv porn / kev sib deev tuaj yeem pom nyob hauv cov npe no 25 cov kev txheeb xyuas tsis ntev los no hauv ntawv nyeem & cov tawm tswv yim (tag nrho raws li tus qauv siv tshuaj). Cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no pom zoo tias Prause li al. kev tshawb pom ntawm kev nyab xeeb pab txhawb rau porn yees qauv. Daim ntawv #2 (los ntawm Gola) yog ib txwm devoted rau parsing Prause li al., 2015. Lwm cov 9 cov ntaub ntawv muaj cov ntu tshawb nrhiav Prause li al., 2015 (tag nrho cov hais cov kev tshawb pom EEG tiag tiag pom kev nyob los lossis desensitization). Cov ntawv yuav teev tseg ua ntej hnub luam tawm.

1) Neuroscience ntawm Internet Pornography Addict: Xyuas thiab Hloov Tshiab (2015)

Tshawb xyuas qhov tseeb Prause li al., 2015 (nplua 309)

Lwm txoj kev kawm EEG nrog peb ntawm tib tus kws sau ntawv tau tsis ntev los no [309]. Hmoov tsis, qhov kev tshawb fawb tshiab no raug kev txom nyem los ntawm ntau cov tib hom kev teeb tsa ua teeb meem li qhov ua ntej [303]. Piv txwv li, nws tau siv heterogeneous kawm pas dej, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb xyuas cov ntawv tshawb fawb uas tsis tau siv rau cov neeg siv pornography hauv internet, thiab cov ntsiab lus tsis raug kuaj xyuas rau lwm yam kev quav tshuaj lossis kev siab ntsws.

Hauv kev kawm tshiab, Prause li al. piv rau EEG kev ua si ntawm cov neeg saib duab hauv Internet uas muaj kev tswj hwm ntawm lawv tus kheej thaum lawv pom cov duab ntawm kev sib daj sib deev thiab nruab nrab [309]. Raws li kev cia siab, LPP qhov siab ntawm cov duab tsis haum rau ob pawg, tab sis qhov nce qhov nce siab me me rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm IPA. Kev cia siab rau qhov siab tshaj plaws rau cov neeg saib duab hauv Internet ntau heev, cov sau phau ntawv tau hais, "Tus qauv no txawv ntawm cov qauv yeeb tshuaj."

Thaum lub sij hawm ntau dua ERP qhov siab tuaj teb rau cov cuav tiv thaiv rau cov duab tsis txaus ntseeg tau pom hauv kev quav tshuaj yeeb dej cawv, qhov kev tshawb nrhiav tam sim no tsis npaj txhij txog, thiab sib tw nrog cov kev tshawb pom ntawm Kühn thiab Gallinat [263], leej twg pom ntau dua siv correlated nrog lub hlwb tsawg ua teb rau cov dluab kev sib deev. Nyob hauv kev sib sab laj, cov sau phau ntawv no tau qhia txog Kühn thiab Gallinat thiab muaj kev qhia raws li ib qho kev piav qhia rau qis LPP qis dua. Ib qho kev piav qhia ntxiv los ntawm Kühn thiab Gallinat, li cas los xij, yog tias qhov stimulate mob siab heev ua rau muaj kev hloov hlab ntsha. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, kev siv duab liab qab ntau dua qhov sib txheeb nrog qhov muaj tsawg dua qhov teeb meem ntawm cov xim dub hauv qhov ncaj nruab nrab, ib cheeb tsam nrog kev sib deev thiab kev txhawb siab [265].

Nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias kev tshawb pom ntawm Prause li al. tau nyob rau hauv qhov kev coj rov qab ntawm yam lawv xav tau [309]. Ib tus neeg yuav xav pom cov duab liab qab hauv Internet thiab tswj kav kom zoo xws li LPP qhov sib txawv ntawm cov lus teb rau cov lus thaij duab txog kev sib deev yog tias kev siv pornography hauv Internet tsis muaj dab tsi tshwm sim. Xwb, qhov kev npaj txhij txog ntawm Prause li al. [309] qhia hais tias cov neeg nyiam saib cov duab pornography hauv Internet los ua cov duab tseem ceeb. Ib tus zaum yuav yog qhov ua rau qhov no ua siab ntev. Nyob rau hnub no lub ntiaj teb ntawm high-speed Internet nkag, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas cov neeg siv cov pornography ntau hauv Internet pom cov yeeb yaj kiab yeeb yaj kiab thiab cov yeeb yaj duab uas tsis yog tseem tuaj yeem tuaj yeem. Kev sib deev cov yeeb yaj kiab tsim muaj ntau yam muaj sia thiab muaj kev siab zoo tshaj li kev sib deev [310] thiab saib yeeb yaj kiab cov yeeb yaj kiab tau ua rau tsis txaus siab thiab kev sib deev responsiveness rau kev sib deev dluab [311]. Ua ke, Pract et al., Thiab cov kev tshawb fawb Kühn thiab Gallinat ua rau qhov kev txiav txim siab pom zoo tias cov neeg nyiam saib cov duab liab qab hauv internet yuav tsum xav kom pom ntau tshaj qhov muag los ua kom muaj zog rau cov neeg muaj lub hlwb.

Tsis tas li ntawd, nqe lus ntawm Prause li al. [309] hais tias, "Cov no yog cov ntaub ntawv thawj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov neeg kho mob VSS cov kev cai" yog teeb meem vim tias nws overlooks kev tshawb fawb luam tawm ntxov [262,263]. Ntxiv mus, nws yog ib qho tseemceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias yog ib qhov teebmeem loj hauv kev sojntsuam lub hlwb rau cov cues hauv Internet pornography quavntsej yog qhov uas saib kev ua kom muaj kev sib deev yog kev coj tus cwj pwm. Hauv kev sib piv, kev tshawb fawb ntawm coca-reactivity rau cov neeg quav yeeb quav tshuaj siv cov duab uas muaj feem xyuam nrog yeeb yaj kiab (dawb kab rau hauv daim iav), es tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus muaj peev xwm siv tshuaj yeeb dawb. Txij thaum saib ntawm cov duab yeeb yaj kiab thiab cov yeeb yaj duab yog cov cwj pwm uas muaj yees, cov kev tshawb fawb rau yav tom ntej hauv Internet rau cov neeg siv duab liab qab yuav tsum ceev faj hauv kev tsim qauv thiab kev txhais cov ntsiab lus. Piv txwv, hauv qhov sib piv rau ib-ob raug cov duab tseem siv los ntawm Prause li al. [309], Voon li al. xaiv 9-thib ob video clips hauv lawv cue reactivity paradigm kom ntau ze match porn stimuli [262]. Tsis zoo li ib-ob raug cov dluab tseem (Prause li al. [309]), raug 9-thib ob video clips evoked dua lub hlwb ua rau hauv hnyav viewers ntawm pornography internet dua ua ib-ob raug cov dluab tseem. Nws yog ntxiv hais txog tias cov sau phau ntawv hais txog kev kawm Kühn thiab Gallinat, tso tawm tib lub sij hawm raws li txoj kev kawm Voon [262], tiamsis lawv tsis lees paub txog Voon vii. kawm qhov twg hauv lawv daim ntawv txawm tias qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tseem ceeb.

2) Txo qis LPP rau cov duab kev sib deev hauv cov neeg siv duab liab qab yuav raug xwm yeem nrog cov qauv kev yees. Txhua yam nyob ntawm tus qauv: Tawm tswv yim txog Prause, Steele, Staley, Sabatinelli, & Hajcak, 2015 (2016)

Biol Psychol. 2016 Tej zaum 24. pii: S0301-0511 (16) 30182-X. doi: 10.1016 / j.biopsycho.2016.05.003.

Gola Matuesz1. 1Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Lub Koom Haum rau Neural Computations, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA; Lub koom haum ntawm Psychology, Polish Academy ntawm Science, Warsaw, Poland. Chaw nyob hauv tshuab hluav taws xob: [email tiv thaiv].

Daim Ntawv Tshaj Tawm

Is Taws Nem thev naus laus zis muab kev pheej yig thiab siv tsis tau mus rau ntau hom duab liab qab (Cooper, 1998). Cov ntaub ntawv qhia muaj peev xwm pom tau tias 67.6% ntawm txiv neej thiab 18.3% ntawm poj niam Danish cov neeg laus (18-30 xyoo) siv cov duab liab qab txhua lub lim tiam (Hald, 2006). Ntawm USA cov tub ntxhais kawm qib siab 93.2% ntawm cov tub thiab 62.1% ntawm cov ntxhais tau saib duab liab qab online ua ntej muaj hnub nyoog 18 xyoo (Sabina, Wolak, & Finkelhor, 2008). Rau feem ntau ntawm cov neeg siv, saib duab liab qab tau ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev lom zem, kev zoo siab thiab kev tshoov siab (Rothman, Kaczmarsky, Burke, Jansen, & Baughman, 2014) (Häggström-Nordin, Tydén, Hanson, & Larsson, 2009), tab sis rau qee qhov , kev saib duab liab qab tas li yog qhov muaj kev txom nyem (kwv yees li 8% ntawm cov neeg siv raws li Cooper et al., 1999) thiab dhau los ua qhov laj thawj rau kev nrhiav kev kho (Delmonico thiab Carnes, 1999; Kraus, Potenza, Martino, & Grant, 2015); Gola, Lewczuk, & Skorko, 2016; Gola thiab Potenza, 2016). Vim nws cov koob meej nrov nrov thiab tsis sib haum xeeb hauv kev soj ntsuam, kev saib duab liab qab yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev sib raug zoo, tau saib xyuas hauv xov xwm, (piv txwv li cov yeeb yaj kiab uas muaj npe: "txaj muag" los ntawm McQueen thiab "Don Jon" los ntawm Gordon-Levitt) thiab los ntawm cov nom tswv (piv txwv li, UK tus thawj tswj hwm David Cameron xyoo 2013 hais txog kev saib duab liab qab siv los ntawm cov menyuam yaus), nrog rau kev tshawb fawb txog neuroscience (Steele, Staley, Fong, & Prause, 2013; Kühn thiab Gallinat, 2014; Voon et al., 2014) .One ntawm cov lus nug feem ntau yog: puas yog kev saib duab liab qab tuaj yeem raug yees?

Qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm Prause, Steele, Staley, Sabatinelli, & Hajcak, (2015) luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub rau hli ntuj qhov teeb meem ntawm Biology Psychology xa cov ntaub ntawv nthuav ntawm cov ncauj lus no. Cov kws tshawb nrhiav pom tias tus txiv neej thiab poj niam qhia txog qhov muaj teeb meem saib duab liab qab (N = 55),1 pom zoo qis lig zoo (LPP - ib qho kev tshwm sim muaj feem hauv EEG signaling ua rau muaj qhov tseem ceeb thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm lub yeeb yam) piv rau kev sib daj sib deev raws li cov duab tsis yog kev sib deev, thaum piv nrog cov lus teb ntawm cov tswj. Lawv kuj qhia tau hais tias cov neeg siv teeb meem pornography uas muaj kev sib daj sib deev muaj me dua LPP sib txawv rau kev sib deev thiab tsis yog kev sib deev. Cov sau phau ntawv xaus lus tias: "Qhov qauv ntawm cov txiaj ntsim tau tshwm sim muaj qee qhov kev xam pom los ntawm cov qauv yees" (p. 196) thiab tshaj tawm cov lus xaus hauv tsab xov xwm lub npe: "Modulation ntawm cov txiaj ntsim zoo ntawm kev sib daj sib deev hauv cov neeg siv teeb meem thiab kev tswj tsis sib haum nrog "Porn yees" ".

Hmoov tsis zoo, hauv lawv tsab xov xwm, Prause li al. (2015) tsis tau hais meej meej meej txog qhov qauv twg uas muaj yees uas lawv tau sim. Cov txiaj ntsig tau nthuav tawm thaum xav txog qhov cuam tshuam nrog cov qauv tsim tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsis qhia meej txog qhov kev xav tias qhov teeb meem siv duab liab qab yog qhov muaj yees (zoo li yog tias muaj Incentive Salience Theory; Robinson thiab Berridge, 1993; Robinson, Fischer, Ahuja, Lesser, & Mania, 2015) lossis txhawb cov kev xav no (zoo li thaum Reward Deficiency Syndrome; Blum et al., 1996; 1996; Blum, Badgaiyan, & Kub, 2015). Hauv qab no Kuv piav qhia nws hauv cov ntsiab lus.

Kev xa ntawv chaw nyob: Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Lub Koom Haum rau Neural Computations, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093-0559, Tebchaws USA. E-mail chaw nyob: [email tiv thaiv]

1 Nws yog tsim nyog paub tias cov sau phau ntawv nthuav tawm cov ntsiab lus rau txiv neej thiab poj niam koom ua ke, thaum nyuam qhuav tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias kev sib deev dluab ntawm kev muaj nuj nqi thiab kev sib txawv txawv ntawm cov poj niam (saib: Wierzba li al., 2015)

2 Qhov kev xam pom no yog kev txhawb nqa los ntawm qhov tseeb uas cov lus siv hauv Prause li al. (2015) kuj xa mus rau IST (ie Wölfling li al., 2011

Vim li cas theoretical moj khaum thiab meej hypothesis teeb meem

Raws li ntau qhov kev siv ntawm lo lus "cue-reactivity" los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv peb xav twv tau tias cov sau phau ntawv muaj nyob rau hauv Lub Siab Kev Tshawb Pom Kev (IST) npaj siab los ntawm Robinson thiab Berridge (Berridge, 2012; Robinson thiab al., 2015).2 Qhov kev ua haujlwm theoretical no ua qhov sib txawv ntawm ob qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev coj tus cwj pwm - xav tau "thiab" nyiam ". Cov tom kawg tau cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov kev paub ntawm tus nqi zog, thaum lub qub tau cuam tshuam nrog cov kev tsim nqi ntawm tus nqi zog, feem ntau ntsuas hauv kev sib piv rau qhov kwv yees cue. Hais txog Pavlovian kev kawm, nqi zog yog ib qho kev tsis muaj peev xwm txhawb tau lub zog (UCS) thiab cov cues cuam tshuam nrog qhov nqi zog no los ntawm kev kawm yog cov txiaj ntsig stimuli (CS). Kawm CSs tau txais kev mob siab rau siab thiab evoke "xav tau", xav hauv tus cwj pwm mob siab (Mahler thiab Berridge, 2009; Robinson & Berridge, 2013). Yog li lawv tau cov khoom zoo ib yam li tus nqi zog nws tus kheej. Piv txwv nyob rau quail quail txaus siab theej nrog terrycloth yam (CS) yav dhau los ua ke nrog txoj hauv kev los mus luam tawm nrog tus poj niam quail (UCS), txawm tias tus poj niam tseem muaj los (Cetinkaya and Domjan, 2006)

Raws li IST, kev quav yeeb yam yog yam muaj qhov xav paub ntau ntxiv "xav" (txhawb siab kev cuam tshuam kev cuam tshuam; piv txwv li LPP siab dua) thiab txo qis "nyiam" (txo qis nqi zog cuam tshuam kev cuam tshuam; piv txwv li LPP tsawg dua). Txhawm rau txhawm rau txhais cov ntaub ntawv hauv IST cov ntawv tshawb fawb yuav tsum qhia meej txog qhov "xav tau" thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntsig txog "nyiam". Kev sim qauv kev sim ob qhov txheej txheem nthuav qhia cov cues sib txawv thiab khoom plig (piv txwv li Flagel et al., 2011; Sescousse, Barbalat, Domenech, & Dreher, 2013; Gola, Miyakoshi, & Sescousse, 2015). Prause li al. (2015) siv cov kev sim coj mus sim yooj yim dua, nyob rau cov ncauj lus nug saib txawv cov duab sib deev thiab cov ntsiab lus tsis yog kev sib deev. Hauv qhov yooj yim hauv kev sim tsim cov lus nug tseem ceeb los ntawm IST kev xam pom yog: Cov duab ntawm kev sib deev puas ua cov luag haujlwm ntawm cues (CS) lossis khoom plig (UCS)? Thiab yog li ntawd: qhov ntsuas LPP puas tau cuam tshuam txog "xav" lossis "nyiam"?

Cov kws sau ntawv xav tias cov duab kev sib daj sib deev yog qhov zoo, thiab qhov kev txhais yav dhau los ua rau txo LPP zoo li kev ntsuas "xav tau." Txo qhov "xav tau" nrog rau kev cuam tshuam qhov tseeb yuav tsis phim nrog IST kev ua qauv. Tab sis ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias cov duab kev sib deev tsis yog kev ntseeg. Lawv tau txais txiaj ntsig hauv lawv-selves (Oei, Rombouts, Soeter, van Gerven, & Ob leeg, 2012; Stoléru, Fonteille, Cornélis, Joyal, & Moulier, 2012; tshuaj xyuas dua hauv: Sescousse, Caldú, Segura, & Dreher, 2013; Stoléru) li al., 2012). Saib cov duab kev sib deev evokes ventral striatum (khoom plig system) kev ua si (Arnowet al., 2002; Demos, Heatherton, & Kelley, 2012; Sabatinelli, Bradley, Lang, Costa, & Versace, 2007; Stark et al., 2005; Wehrum-Osinskyet al., 2014), dopamine tso tawm (Meston thiab McCall, 2005) thiab ob qho tib si kev ntsuas tus kheej thiab kev ntsuas txog kev sib deev (saib: Chivers, Seto, Lalumière, Laan, & Grimbos, 2010).

Cov khoom muaj nqi ntawm kev sib deev cov duab yuav yog innate vim qhov tseeb tias kev sib deev (zoo li khoom noj) yog qhov khoom plig thib ib. Tab sis txawm hais tias qee tus-ib qho tsis lees paub xws li qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nyob hauv xwm txheej, cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm erotic stimuli yuav kis tau vim yog Pavlovian kev kawm. Nyob rau hauv lub ntuj puag ncig, pom kev sib deev yam tsis zoo (xws li tus txij nkawm liab qab lossis duab liab qab) yuav yog ibqho (CS) rau kev sib deev uas ua rau muaj qhov tsis txaus siab (UCS) vim los ntawm kev sib deev lossis kev sib daj sib deev nrog kev siv duab liab qab. Tsis tas li ntawd yog hais txog kev saib duab liab qab tas li, kev pom qhov sib deev (CS) muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog orgasm (UCS) thiab yuav tau txais cov khoom plig ntawm cov khoom plig (UCS; Mahler thiab Berridge, 2009; Robinson & Berridge, 2013) thiab tom qab ntawd ua rau mus kom ze ( kev saib duab liab qab) thiab kev coj tus cwj pwm (piv txwv li, lub sijhawm saib ua ntej nce mus txog qhov kawg).

Txawm hais tias muaj innate los yog kawm tau txiaj ntsig yam muaj nuj nqis, cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias cov duab kev sib deev yog qhov kev txhawb nyob hauv lawv tus kheej, txawm tias tsis muaj qhov kawg nkaus. Yog li lawv tau muaj kev ua lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau tib neeg (Prévost, Pessiglione, Météreau, Cléry-Melin, & Dreher, 2010) raws li rhesus macaques (Deaner, Khera, & Platt, 2005) .Qhov nqi zog ntawm tus nqi kuj tseem yuav nthuav dav hauv kev sim. kev teeb tsa, qhov twg ib qhov kev paub txog qhov kawg (qhov tseeb UCS) tsis muaj, zoo li hauv Prause et al. (2015) txoj kev kawm ("cov neeg koom rau hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb no tau qhia kom tsis txhob qoj ib ce thaum ua haujlwm", p. 197). Raws li Berridge, cov haujlwm ua haujlwm cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov kev twv ua ntej (Berridge, 2012). Yog li, raws li tsis muaj lwm qhov kev txaus siab tshaj li cov duab kev sib deev muaj nyob ntawm no, qhov pom ntawm cov duab yog qhov khoom plig tshaj plaws (tsis yog cue xwb).

LPP qis dua rau kev ntshaw kev plees kev yi hauv cov neeg siv cov teeb meem pornography uas yog siv cov qauv yees

Noj tag nrho cov saum toj no rau hauv tus account peb tuaj yeem xav tias cov duab ntawm kev sib deev hauv lub Prause li al. (2015) txoj kev tshawb nrhiav, tsis yog hais tias yog cues, tej zaum yuav tau ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev muab khoom plig. Yog tias muaj, raws li IST lub moj khaum, qis LPP rau kev sib deev vs. cov duab tsis yog kev sib deev hauv cov neeg siv duab liab qab thiab cov ncauj lus nrog kev sib deev muaj siab muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo li "raug txo qis". Cov txiaj ntsig zoo li no tau ua qauv nrog cov qauv sib ntxiv uas tau thov los ntawm Berridge thiab Robinson (Berridge, 2012; Robinson et al., 2015). Txawm li cas los xij, txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm kev xav tsis pub dhau ntawm IST lub moj khaum, ntau dua kev sim tshawb fawb, tsis pom qhov tsis zoo thiab khoom plig yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm kev sim tsim qauv zoo raug siv rau hauv kev tshawb fawb txog kev twv txiaj los ntawm Sescousse, Redouté, & Dreher (2010). Nws ua haujlwm nyiaj txiag thiab kev sib daj sib deev (cim sib deev) thiab cov khoom plig zoo nkauj (yeej ntsig txog kev sib deev lossis duab kev sib deev). Vim tias tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus txhais tau zoo thiab kev txhawb siab rau hauv Prause li al. (2015) txoj kev tshawb nrhiav, lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov duab kev sib deev tseem tsis tau paub meej thiab yog li tau txais LPP cov teebmeem tsis meej xwm nyob rau hauv IST cov haujlwm. Txog qhov tseeb xaus hauv txoj kev tshawb no lub npe "Kev hloov ntawm lub peev xwm yav tom ntej los ntawm kev sib deev duab hauv cov teeb meem cov neeg siv thiab tswj tsis tseem ceeb nrog" kev quav yeeb yaj kiab "yog ungrounded nrog kev hwm rau IST

Yog tias peb coj lwm tus qauv yees duab nrov heev - Reward Deficency Syndrome (RDS; Blum li al., 1996, 2015) cov ntaub ntawv tau muab los ntawm cov sau phau ntawv yeej hais txog kev tiv thaiv kev quav tshuaj tiv thaiv. RDS thiv-twv ua haujlwm yog tias qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic predisposition txo qis dopaminergic lus teb rau stimulating rewarding (hais tias nyob rau hauv txo BOLD thiab electrophysiological reactivity) yog ntsig txog kev xav, kev xav tsis zoo thiab kev pheej hmoo siab dua. Tus kws sau ntawv tshawb pom qis LPPs hauv cov neeg siv pornography teeb meem yog tib yam nkaus li RDS tus qauv yees. Yog tias Prause li al. (2015) tau sim lwm hom qauv, tsis paub zoo dua IST lossis RDS, nws yuav txaus siab los nthuav qhia me ntsis rau hauv lawv txoj haujlwm.

Cov lus xaus zaum kawg

Txoj kev tshawb no los ntawm Prause et al. (2015) muab cov ntaub ntawv txaus siab rau cov teeb meem saib duab liab qab.3 Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias tsis muaj tseeb cov lus tseeb tseeb uas muaj kev ntseeg siab yog kev sim siab thiab tsis paub meej txog kev siv cov duab (tsis yeem los txhais cov duab ntawm erotic duab), nws tsis tau hais tias yog cov ntsiab lus tau nthuav tawm, los yog ua zoo, "Kev siv yees duab liab qab." Cov kev tshawb fawb ntau dua nrog cov kev cai zoo uas tau muab teev tseg raug hu ua. Hmoov tsis lub npe ntawm Prause li al. (2015) tsab xov xwm tau muaj feem xyuam rau kev tshaj tawm xov xwm, 4 yog li nthuav dav dav nrawm xaus. Vim hais tias kev sib raug zoo thiab kev nom kev tswv ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev tshwm sim ntawm kev saib duab liab qab, cov neeg tshawb xyuas yuav tsum kos cov lus xaus nrog kev ceev faj ntau dua. (qhov tseem ceeb muab)

3 Nws yog tsim nyog kom pom tias hauv Prause li al. (2015) cov neeg siv teebmeem siv cov duab liab qab hauv nruab nrab rau 3.8 h / week (SD = 1.3) nws yog tib yam li cov neeg siv cov duab liab qab tsis muaj teebmeem hauv Kühn thiab Gallinat (2014) uas haus hauv nruab nrab 4.09 h / week (SD = 3.9) . Nyob rau hauv Voon li al. (2014) Cov neeg siv teeb meem muaj qhia 1.75 h / week (SD = 3.36) thiab 13.21 h / lub lim tiam (SD = 9.85) - cov ntaub ntawv nthuav tawm los ntawm Voon thaum lub rooj sib tham txog American Psychological Science hauv lub 2015.

4 Piv txwv ntawm lub npe ntawm cov khoom npe nrov txog Prause li al. (2015): "Porn tsis yog teeb meem li lwm yam kev siv, kev txhim kho cov lus thov" (http://metro.co.uk/2015/07/04/porn-is-not-as-harmful-as-other-addictions- kev tshawb nrhiav-claims-5279530 /), "Your Porn Addiction is Not Real" (http://www.thedailybe.com/articles/2015/06/26/your-porn-addiction-isn-t-real.html) , "Porn 'Txhaum' Yeej Tsis Tuaj Them, Neuroscientists Hais" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/06/30/porn-addiction- n7696448.html)

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3) Neurobiology Kev Txhim Kho Kev Sib deev Hauv Zej Zog: Tshaj Tawm Txog Xeeb (2016)

COV LUS QHIA: Thaum daim ntawv no tsuas yog sau ib qho lus luv luv xwb, nws muaj ob peb lub tswv yim tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li, nws hais tias ob qho tib si Prause li al., 2015 thiab Kuhn & Gallinat, 2014 qhia txog qhov kev tshawb nrhiav zoo li: ntau dua kev siv porn siv nrog kev ruaj ntseg zoo dua rau porn. Ob leeg kev tshawb fawb qhia qis lub hlwb ua kom teb rau luv luv raug cov duab ntawm vanilla porn. Hauv qhov excerpt nram qab no "Txo qis zoo-muaj peev xwm" yog hais txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm EEG Prause li al.:

"Nyob rau hauv sib piv, kev tshawb fawb hauv cov neeg noj qab nyob zoo qhia txog lub luag haujlwm kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo nrog rau kev siv cov duab liab qab. Nyob rau hauv cov txiv neej noj qab nyob zoo, tau siv sij hawm ntau dua saib cov duab liab qab sib txuas nrog cov kev ua si sab laug rau cov duab pornographic (Kühn thiab Gallinat, 2014). Txaus siab rau yav tom ntej tuaj yeem ua rau cov duab liab qab tsis zoo rau cov duab uas muaj kev siv cov duab liab qab. (qhov tseem ceeb muab)

Ntawv yog hais tias ob qho tib si Prause li al., 2015 thiab Kuhn & Gallinat, 2014 nrhiav tau habituation nyob rau hauv ntau dua cov neeg siv porn.

Tag nrho cov lus tawm tswv yim:

Kev coj tus cwj pwm sib deev (CSB) yog tus cwj pwm ntawm kev xav, kev ua tsis taus, kev sib raug zoo / kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, thiab kev puas siab puas ntsws. Prevalence ntawm CSB yog kwv yees ib ncig 3-6%, nrog ib tug txiv neej predominance. Txawm hais tias tsis muaj nyob rau hauv DSM-5, CSB tuaj yeem kuaj tau hais tias nyob hauv ICD-10 ua qhov tsis sib haum tswj hwm. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib cav muaj xws li CSB qhov kev faib tawm (piv txwv, yog ib qho kev tsis sib haum xeeb, tsis muaj teeb meem ntawm hypersexual, kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj, los yog ua raws li kev coj tus cwj pwm coj zoo).

Cov pov thawj ua ntej yuav qhia tias dopamine yuav pab txhawb rau CSB. Nyob hauv Parkinson tus kab mob (PD), kev hloov tshuaj dopamine (Levo-dopa, dopamine agonists) tau txuam nrog CSB thiab lwm yam kev tswj tus mob plawv (Weintraub et al, 2010). Ib qho kev tshawb fawb txog kev siv nabnpawb kev siv naltrexone txhawb nws txoj kev ua haujlwm kom txo tau cov kev ywj pheej thiab kev coj cwj pwm nrog CSB (Raymond et al, 2010), raws li kev tsim kho opioidergic hloov ntawm mesolimbic dopamine hauv kev txo CSB. Tam sim no, qhov loj, tsim nyog powered, kev ntsuam xyuas neurochemical thiab cov kev siv tshuaj kho mob xav tau ntxiv kom nkag siab txog CSB.

Kev txhawb tswv yim txhawb kev txheeb muaj feem xyuam rau kev sib deev cue reactivity. CSB vs cov txiv neej uas tsis yog CSB muaj ntau dua kev sib deev-cuerelated activation ntawm cov sab hauv tsev, lub plawv plawv, thiab amygdala (Voon li al, 2014). Hauv CSB cov ntsiab lus, kev sib txuas ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm lub network no muaj feem xyuam nrog kev sib deev nrog kev sib deev, yog li resonating nrog kev tshawb pom nyob rau hauv kev quav tshuaj yeeb (Voon li al, 2014). CSB cov txiv neej tau qhia ntxiv txog qhov kev xav phem rau cov duab cuav, qhia cov teeb meem tawm tswv yim thaum ntxov hauv kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj (Mechelmans et al, 2014). Hauv CSB cov neeg uas tsis yog CSB cov neeg mob, raug cov duab cuav pornographic ua rau lub ventral striatum, cingulate thiab orbitofrontal cortex, txuas mus rau kev sib deev muaj siab (Txoj Cai thiab lwm tus, 2013). Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb me me ntawm qhov kev sib txuam ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev sib piv hauv cov CSB vs non-CSB (Miner thiab al, 2009).

In zoo ib yam, cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov neeg noj qab nyob zoo qhia txog lub luag haujlwm kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo nrog kev siv cov duab liab qab. Nyob rau hauv cov txiv neej noj qab nyob zoo, tau siv sij hawm ntau dua saib cov duab liab qab sib txuas nrog cov kev ua si sab laug rau cov duab pornographic (Kühn thiab Gallinat, 2014). Txo kev qeeb qeeb-cov haujlwm tseem ceeb Cov duab liab qab tau pom nyob hauv cov ntsiab lus nrog kev siv cov duab liab qab. Cov kev tshawb pom no, thaum lub sij hawm sib txawv, tsis yog cov lus sib thooj. Kev ua raws li cov duab cues uas ntsig txog cov duab cues yuav raug txhawb ntxiv rau cov neeg noj qab nyob zoo nrog kev siv ntau heev; qhov twg, cov ntsiab lus CSB nrog kev siv loj / kev siv ntau dhau los muaj peev xwm muaj kev cuam tshuam loj cue.

Txawm hais tias cov kev tshawb nrhiav txog cov neuroimaging nyuam qhuav tau pom tias muaj qee cov cuab yeej ntawm cov kab mob CSB, cov ntsiab lus no yuav tsum raug kho raws li cov qauv kev txwv tsis haum (piv txwv li, cov qauv me me, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntoo, cov txiv neej ib leeg, thiab lwm yam). Cov kev khomob tam sim no hauv cov kev tshawb nrhiav muaj teebmeem kev txiav txim siab seb CSB zoo li kev tiv thaiv lossis tsis yog. Lwm yam kev tshawb fawb ntxiv rau kev nkag siab hais tias cov yeeb yam neurobiological muaj feem xyuam rau cov kev ntsuas los ntawm kev kho mob xws li CSB. Kev cais CSB ua tus 'coj tus cwj pwm coj' yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev cai, kev tiv thaiv thiab kev kho mob; Txawm li cas los xij, lub sij hawm no, kev tshawb fawb yog nyob hauv nws cov me nyuam mos. Muab qee qhov sib xws ntawm CSB thiab kev quav tshuaj muaj yees, kev tiv thaiv zoo rau qhov kev tiv thaiv yuav muaj kev cog lus rau CSB, yog li ua qhov kev pom zoo rau cov kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej los tshawb xyuas qhov tseeb no. (qhov tseem ceeb muab)

  1. Kühn S, Gallinat J (2014). Hlwb pob txha thiab kev sib txuas ua haujlwm nrog cov duab liab qab siv: lub hlwb ntawm porn. JAMA Psychiatry 71: 827-834.

  2. Mechelmans DJ, Irvine M, Banca P, Porter L, Mitchell S, Mole TB thiab al (2014). Ua kom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib daj sib dee rau cov tib neeg muaj thiab tsis muaj kev coj tus cwj pwm sib deev. PloS Ib 9: e105476.

  3. Miner MH, Raymond N, Mueller BA, Lloyd M, Lim KO (2009). Ua ntej qhov kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev xav ntawm kev xav ntawm kev sib daj sib deev thiab kev sib deev. Psychiatry Res 174: 146-151.

  4. Txoj cai M, Loane C, Wu K, O'Sullivan SS, Woodhead Z, Kiferle L et al (2013). Neural teb mus rau kev sib deev cues hauv dopamine kho-txuas hypersexuality nyob rau hauv Parkinson tus kab mob. Lub hlwb xNUMX: 136-400.

  5. Raymond NC, Grant JE, Coleman E (2010). Augmentation nrog naltrexone los kho tus cwj pwm kev sib deev compulsive: ib cov ntaub ntawv series. Ann Clin Psychiatry 22: 55-62.

  6. Voon V, Mole TB, Banca P, Porter L, Morris L, Mitchell S et al (2014). Neural correlates ntawm cue reactivity rau cov neeg uas muaj thiab tsis muaj compulsive kev coj cwj pwm. PloS Ib 9: e102419.

  7. Weintraub D, Koester J, Potenza MN, Siderowf AD, Stacy M, Voon V et al (2010). Impulse tswj kab mob hauv cov kab mob Parkinson: txoj kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm 3090 cov neeg mob. Koov Neurol 67: 589-595. Neuropsychopharmacology Xyuas (2016) 41, 385-386; doi: 10.1038 / npp.2015.300

4) Qhov kev sib deev ntawm kev sib deev yuav tsum yog qhov kev tiv thaiv? (2016)

COV LUS QHIA: Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas, zoo li lwm cov ntaub ntawv, hais tias Prause li al., 2015 aligns nrog Kühn & Gallinat, 2014 (Citation 72) uas pom tias ntau porn siv correlated nrog tsawg lub hlwb ua kom teb rau cov duab ntawm vanilla porn.

Sau piav qhia txog Prause li al., 2015 (citation 73):

Hauv kev sib piv, lwm cov kev tshawb fawb tsom rau cov tib neeg uas tsis muaj CSB tau hais txog lub luag haujlwm. Hauv cov neeg tsis yog CSB, keeb kwm kev saib duab liab qab ntev yog nrog cov lus teb sab laug rau cov duab liab qab, tawm tswv yim txog kev tsim nyog [72]. Ib yam li ntawd, thaum muaj kev sib tham nrog cov txiv neej thiab cov poj niam uas tsis muaj CSB, cov qhia txog kev siv cov duab liab qab muaj qis dua cov duab zoo nkauj rau cov duab tsis zoo uas tsis qhia txog kev siv teeb meem. Lub sijhawm zoo tuaj yeem feem ntau hauv kev teb rau cov yeeb tshuaj cues hauv cov kev tshawb fawb quav [73]. Cov kev tshawb pom no yog qhov sib txawv, tiam sis tsis ua raws li, kev tshaj qhia ntawm kev ua kom zoo hauv cov kev tshawb fMRI hauv CSB cov kev kawm; cov kev tshawb fawb sib txawv hauv hom kev hnyav, kev ntsuas kev ntsuas thiab cov pejxeem hauv kev kawm. Txoj kev tshawb CSB siv cov yeeb yaj duab ua yeeb yaj duab uas muab piv rau cov duab ntxiv; cov degree ntawm activation tau pom tias txawv rau cov yeeb yaj duab tiv tiag cov duab thiab tsis zoo yuav txawv nyob ntawm qhov stimuli. Tsis tas li ntawd, hauv cov kev qhia txog kev siv teeb meem siv rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim muaj feem xyuam, kev siv sij hawm tsawg tsawg [teeb meem: 3.8, tus qauv sib txawv (SD) = 1.3 tiv thaiv kev tswj: 0.6, SD = 1.5 cov xuab moos / lub lim tiam] piv rau CSB fMRI txoj kev tshawb no (CSB: 13.21, SD = 9.85 tiv thaiv tswj: 1.75, SD = 3.36 teev / lub lim tiam). Li no, habituation kuj yuav muaj feem xyuam nrog kev siv dav dav, nrog rau kev siv loj heev uas muaj feem nrog kev ua kom muaj cue-reactivity. Cov kev tshawb fawb loj dua yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas qhov txawv no. (qhov tseem ceeb muab)

5) Puas yog cov duab liab qab hauv Internet Ua kom muaj kev sib deev? Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Nrog Kev Tshaj Qhia Cov Kuaj Mob (2016)

COV LUS QHIA: Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas, zoo li lwm cov ntaub ntawv, hais tias Prause li al., 2015 aligns nrog Kühn & Gallinat, 2014 (Citation 72) uas pom tias ntau porn siv correlated nrog tsawg lub hlwb ua kom teb rau cov duab ntawm vanilla porn.

Tshawb fawb ua ntej Prause li al, 2015 (citation 130):

A 2015 EEG tau kawm los ntawm Prause et al. piv nquag saib cov duab pornography hauv Internet (txhais tau tias 3.8 h / asthiv) uas tau ntxhov siab txog lawv qhov kev saib xyuas rau cov tswj (txhais tau tias 0.6 h / asthiv) raws li lawv tau saib kev sib deev (1.0 tus raug) [130]. Nyob rau hauv kev tshawb pom tias Kuala thiab Gallinat, cov neeg saib hauv Internet saib cov neeg saib ua neeg pom ntau tuaj yeem pom kev ua kom tsis muaj zog (LPP)130]. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm ob qho kev tshawb fawb pom tau hais tias cov neeg nyiam saib ntawm Internet pornography yuav tsum xav kom pom ntau tshaj qhov muag kom yoojyim hauv lub hlwb cov lus teb thaum piv nrog cov tswj kev noj qab haus huv los sis cov neeg siv Internet pornography yooj yim [167,168]. Tsis tas li ntawd, Kühn thiab Gallinat tau tshaj tawm tias kev siv duab pornography ntau dua nrog kev sib raug zoo nrog kev sib txuas ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm lub nruab nrab thiab cov prefrontal cortex. Qhov teeb meem hauv lub voj voog no tau muaj feem xyuam nrog kev xaiv tus cwj pwm tsis zoo txawm hais tias tej zaum yuav tsis zoo [169]. Nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog Kühn thiab Gallinat, cov kev tshawb fawb neuropsychological qhia tias cov ntsiab lus nrog siab dua ntawm kev siv yees cybersex tau txo cov tswj kev tswj tuav thaum muaj kev sib tham nrog cov khoom pornographic [53,114]. (qhov tseem ceeb muab)

6) "Nco qab thiab Tsis Txheeb Cov Kev Ntsuam Siab: Lawv Puas Siv Yooj Yim Siv Sawv Lom Zem?" (2017)

COV LUS QHIA: Txoj kev kawm EEG no rau cov neeg siv porn tau hais txog 3 Nicole Prause EEG cov kev kawm. Cov sau phau ntawv ntseeg hais tias txhua 3 Prause EEG cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom cov kev tsim tawm lossis kev tsis txaus siab nyob rau hauv cov neeg siv dej ntau heev (uas feem ntau tshwm sim nrog kev tiv thaiv). Cov excerpts hauv qab no 3 quotations qhia cov Nicole Prause EEG cov ntawv nram no (# 8 yog Prause li al., 2015):

  • 7 - Ua Ntej, N .; Steele, VR; Staley, C .; Sabatinelli, D. Tus cwj pwm zoo rau kev nthuav qhia kev sib deev nrog cov neeg koom tes nrog kev sib daj sib deev. Soc. Cogn. Cuam tshuam. Neurosc. 2015, 10, 93-100.
  • 8 - Ua ntej, N .; Steele, VR; Staley, C .; Sabatinelli, D .; Hajj, G. Teebmeem ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov duab los ntawm kev sib deev dluab hauv cov neeg siv teeb meem thiab cov kev tswj ntawm inconsistent nrog "porn yees". Biol. Psychol. 2015, 109, 192-199.
  • 14 - Steele, VR; Staley, C .; Fong, T .; Prause, N. Kev sib deev muaj siab, tsis muaj hypersexuality, yog hais txog neurophysiological cov lus teb elicited los ntawm kev sib deev dluab. Socioaffect. Neurosci. Psychol. 2013, 3, 20770

Lus piav qhia Prause li al., 2015 (citation 8):

Tej kev txuam muaj peev xwm (ERPs) feem ntau tau siv los ua ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm kev xav rau kev xav cuaj, xws li, [24]. Cov kev tshawb fawb siv ERP cov ntaub ntawv yuav ua rau siab tom qab ERP teebmeem xws li P300 [14] thiab Kev Muaj Peev Xwm Zoo (Positive Potential) (LPP) [7, 8] thaum tshawb nrhiav cov neeg uas saib duab liab qab. Cov kev sib tw tom qab ntawm lub ERP waveform tau los ntaus nqi rau kev txawj ntse xws li mloog thiab ua haujlwm kev nco (P300) [25] as Well as sustained ntawm kev xav ntawm stimulants-stimuli (LPP) [26]. Steele li al. [14] pom tias qhov loj P300 qhov sib txawv ntawm pom ntawm kev sib deev tsi ntsees cov duab uas muaj feem xyuam rau cov duab tsis zoo yog cuam tshuam txog kev ntsuas ntawm kev sib deev muaj siab, thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov neeg tuaj koom nrog "hypersexuality. Cov sau phau ntawv xav tias qhov kev pom tsis zoo no feem ntau yog vim cov duab pom tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb tshiab rau pawg neeg koom nrog, raws li cov neeg koom siab tau qhia txog cov ntaub ntawv siab txog cov khoom pornographic, thiaj li ua rau kev tua P300. Tus sau phau ntawv mus rau qhov qhia tias saib tsam LPP tom qab yuav muab ib lub cuab tam pab tau ntau ntxiv, raws li nws tau pom tias muaj kev txhawb zog rau kev ua haujlwm. Cov kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam qhov kev siv cov duab liab qab siv tau rau hauv LPP tau pom tias LPP qhov siab qhov feem ntau me me rau cov neeg koom ua ke uas qhia tias muaj kev sib deev siab dua thiab teeb meem txog kev saib xyuas lawv cov khoom pornographic [7, 8]. Qhov kev tshwm sim no tshwm sim tsis txuam nrog, vim muaj ntau yam kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv uas tau muaj los ntawm kev tiv thaiv tau pom tau tias thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog kev cuam tshuam txog kev ua haujlwm, cov neeg uas qhia tias muaj teeb meem ntawm kev sib cav sib ceg feem ntau pom muaj ntau dua LPP tus qauv ua thaum nthuav cov duab ntawm lawv cov kev quav yeeb tshuaj [27]. Prause li al. [7, 8] muab cov tswv yim hais txog vim li cas kev siv duab liab qab yuav ua rau me me LPP los ntawm qhov qhia tawm tias nws yuav yog vim muaj kev phaum mob, raws li cov neeg koom rau hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb qhia ntau tshaj ntawm cov duab liab qab tau ua tau ntau dua hauv cov xuaj moos uas siv saib cov khoom pornographic .

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Cov kev tshawb fawb tau xwm yeem pom muaj kev ua rau lub cev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv kev ua cov khoom noj khoom haus vim cov kev mob nkeeg hauv cov neeg uas pheej nrhiav cov khoom pornographic [3, 7, 8]. Nws yog cov sau ntawv sib cav hais tias qhov kev tshwm sim no yuav suav rau cov txiaj ntsim tau pom.

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Cov kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej yuav tau siv ntau dua cov qauv duab los hloov cov kev cai. Tsis tas li ntawd, tej zaum cov neeg siv cov porn pauv tau lawv cov lus teb rau kev sib deev thaum lawv kawm. Cov lus piav qhia no yog tsawg kawg yog siv los ntawm [7, 8] los piav txog lawv cov qhab-nees uas pom tau tias muaj kev qis qis dua los ntawm kev ua kom pom los ntawm LPP (qhov zoo siab tuaj yeem) mus rau cov duab los ntawm cov tib neeg qhia txog kev saib duab liab qab. LPP qhov siab tau pom tias yuav txo tau yog thaum muaj kev txo nqi [62, 63]. Yog li, qhov LPP inhibited rau cov dluab erotic yuav suav rau tsis muaj teeb meem loj tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb tam sim no hla pawg rau cov "erotic". (qhov tseem ceeb muab)

7) Neurocognitive mechanisms hauv compulsive kev coj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo (2018)

Tshawb fawb cais Prause li al., 2015 (uas yog citation 87):

Kev tshawb fawb siv EEG, ua ntej Prause thiab cov npoj yaig, qhia tias cov tib neeg uas muaj kev ntxhov siab txog lawv qhov kev siv duab liab qab, piv rau pawg tswj hwm uas tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab txog kev siv cov duab liab qab, yuav xav tau ntau dua / ntau dua kev xav kom pom cov lus teb ntawm lub hlwb [87]. Hypersexual cov neeg koom- cov tib neeg muaj teeb meem kev tswj lawv cov kev xav ntawm kev sib deev dluab '(M= 3.8 teev ib as thiv twg) -huaj ua kom tsis txhob muaj qhov ua kom lub hlwb tsis zoo (ntsuas los ntawm kev muaj peev xwm zoo nyob hauv EEG teeb) thaum pom cov duab liab qab thaum tshaj qhov kev sib piv thaum pom tib cov duab. Raws li kev txhais lus ntawm kev sib deev hauv txoj kev tshawb nrhiav no (raws li qhov kev txiav txim siab lossis nqi zog; rau ntau ntxiv Gola thiab lwm tus [4]), cov kev tshawb pom kuj yuav pab txhawb lwm cov kev soj ntsuam uas muaj kev phom sij hauv kev quav tshuaj [4]. Hauv 2015, Banca thiab cov npoj yaig pom tau hais tias cov txiv neej nrog CSB nyiam cov yeeb yam tshiab kev sib deev thiab pom tshwm sim qhia txog kev nyab xeeb nyob rau hauv DACC thaum raug xa rov qab mus rau tib cov duab [88]. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias feem ntau cov duab liab qab siv tau txo nqi zog ntawm txoj kev xav, tsim nyog ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab kev kam rau siab, ua kom qhov kev xav tau ntau dua los ntawm kev sib deev aroused. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev tshawb kawm ntev los ntev yuav tau muab los xyuas qhov kev tuaj yeem ua ntxiv. Ua ke, kev tshawb nrhiav txog hnub tim tau muab kev txhawb zog rau CSB pom kev zoo sib xws nrog kev siv yeeb tshuaj, kev twv txiaj, thiab kev ua si nrog rau kev hloov hlwb lub hlwb thiab cov txheej txheem, nrog rau kev kho siab thiab kev nyab xeeb. (kev qhia ntau).

8) Online Porn yees: Dab tsi peb paub thiab peb tsis txhob 't A Systematic Review (2019)

Tshawb fawb qhov tseeb Ua ntej qhov kev kawm 2 EEG: Steele li al., 2013 & Prause li al., 2015 (qhov tseeb 105 yog Steele, citation 107 yog Prause):

Pov thawj ntawm no neural activity signizing ntshaw tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj nuj nqis nyob rau hauv prefrontal cortex [101] thiab cov amygdala [102,103], ua pov thawj ntawm kev xav. Ua kom nyob rau hauv cov hlwb hauv cheeb tsam yog reminiscent ntawm nyiaj txiag nqi zog [104] thiab tej zaum nws yuav nqa tau ib yam zoo sib xws. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ntau dua EEG nyeem hauv cov neeg siv no, nrog rau kev sib txawv ntawm kev sib deev nrog kev sib deev, tiam sis tsis yog kev saib duab liab qab [105], ib yam uas qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm erection zoo [8]. Qhov no tuaj yeem suav tau tias yog ib qho kev qhia txog qhov kev txiav tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, Steele txoj kev tshawb no muaj ntau hom kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo (xav txog heterogeneity, tsis muaj kev ntsuam xyuas rau kev puas siab puas ntsws los yog kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj, tsis tuaj yeem tswj xyuas pawg, thiab kev siv cov lus nug tsis tau siv porn siv)106]. Ib txoj kev tshawb los ntawm Prause [107], lub sij hawm no nrog ib pawg tswj hwm, rov tshawb cov kev tshawb nrhiav no heev. Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cue reactivity thiab yees nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cybersex yees tau raug cim nyob rau hauv poj niam heterosexual [108] thiab homosexual txiv neej kuaj [109].

Comments: Cov lus hais saum toj no hais tias Prause's 2015 EEG tau tshawb xyuas cov kev tshawb pom los ntawm nws qhov kev tshawb 2013 EEG (Steele li al.): Ob leeg cov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia txog cov kev xwm txheej los yog kev tsim tawm, uas yog ib yam nrog tus qauv kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj (kam ua kam). Cia kuv piav qhia.

Nws tseem ceeb heev kom paub tias Prause li al., 2015 THIAB Steele li al., 2013 muaj lub tib "porn addicted" compound. Qhov teeb meem yog qhov ntawd Steele li al. tsis muaj pawg tswj hwm rau kev sib piv! Yog li Prause li al., 2015 piv cov 2013 compound los ntawm Steele li al., 2013 rau ib pab pawg tseeb tiag tiag (tiam sis nws raug kev txom nyem los ntawm tib hom kev ua haujlwm uas muaj npe nyob rau saum toj no). Cov txiaj ntsim: Piv rau cov tswj "cov tib neeg muaj teeb meem tswj lawv cov porn saib" tau txo lub hlwb cov lus teb rau ib-ob raug cov duab ntawm vanilla porn. Cov kev tshwm sim ACTUAL ntawm Prause txoj kev kawm ob EEG:

  1. Steele li al., 2013: Cov neeg uas muaj ntau dua cue-reactivity rau liab qab tau tsawg muaj siab rau kev sib daj sib deev nrog tus khub, tab sis tsis muaj lub siab xav masturbate.
  2. Prause li al., 2015: “Porn quav cov neeg siv” muaj tsawg lub hlwb ua kom zoo li qub duab ntawm vanilla porn. Cov kev nyeem EEG qis dua txhais tau hais tias cov "porn addicted" cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb dua cov duab.

Ib qho qauv zoo los ntawm 2 cov kev tshawb fawb: Cov "porn addicted users" tau ntes los yog tsim kho rau vanilla porn, thiab cov neeg muaj ntau dua cue-reactivity rau porn nyiam rau masturbate rau porn tshaj li kev sib deev nrog tus neeg tiag tiag. Muab cov lus yooj yim tso rau hauv lub suab seev (ib qho kev qhia txog kev quav tshuaj) thiab nyiam cov khoom tsim tshwj xeeb rau ib qho khoom plig zoo tshaj plaws (koom nrog poj niam). Nws tsis muaj ib txoj kev los txhais cov ntsiab lus no yog qhov ua kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib daj sib deev. Cov kev tshawb pom tau los txhawb qhov kev ua yees.

10) Ua Qhov Qeb Qeeb Sij Hawm Ntxiv rau Kev Saib Duab Liab Qab thiab Kev Ua Phem Muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau kev tsis xav lub siab rau tus txiv neej (2020)

Comments: Kav liam Siv lub tswv yim thiab al.'s cov lus tsis raug txhawb, cov sau phau ntawv lees txais feem ntau cov lus piav qhia uas tau hais hauv Prause li al., 2015: "Prause et alCov. tawm tswv yim tias qhov kev nrhiav pom tsis txaus ntseeg no yuav yog vim muaj kev cuam tshuam txog kev nyob tsis taus, vim cov neeg tuaj koom tau nthuav tawm nrog qhov LPP yoj luv alyog li qhov qhab nia tau nce siab dua hauv cov xuab moos lawv tau siv los saib cov duab liab qab. "

Pob Tsuas Lus Hais Txog Kev Thaj Yeeb thiab al., 2015:

Kev tshawb nrhiav cov leeg neural rau qhov teeb meem lossis nquag saib duab liab qab siv tsis tshua muaj. Kev siv tsis tau lossis siv tsis tau ntawm cov duab liab qab feem ntau ua rau muaj kev ua kom zoo dua LPP waveform thaum cov tib neeg tau qhia nrog cov ntaub ntawv tsis pom tseeb. (Prause et al., 2015)). Qhov loj dua LPP yog qhov ntsuas ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev xav ntawm lub siab lub ntsws thiab yog lub cim ntawm kev muaj siab rau qhov tseem ceeb (Voon et al., 2014). Hauv kev sib piv, hais txog ERP cuam tshuam ntawm qhov teeb meem pom ntawm kev xav txog kev sib deev tsis txaus ntseeg, cov ntawv nyeem uas twb muaj lawm feem ntau pom tias muaj qhov tsawg dua ntawm LPP. Prause et alCov. nthuav tawm cov tib neeg uas tau tshaj tawm lossis tsis lees paub txog kev saib duab liab qab siv nrog kev xav tsim duab (suav nrog cov duab kev sib deev). Cov tib neeg uas tshaj tawm cov teeb meem txog kev tub ceev xwm kev siv cov duab liab qab thiab cov uas muaj lub zog xav tau kev sib deev ntau dua ua rau pom qhov LPP tsawg dua hauv kev teb rau cov duab sib deev tsis meej. Prause et alCov. qhia tias qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm no tsis tau npaj txhij txog. Ntau cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov tib neeg uas muaj tus cwj pwm sib txawv tau ua haujlwm cuerelated kev xav paub. Feem ntau, cov kev tshawb fawb no pom muaj qhov nce LPP ntau ntxiv thaum hais txog cov duab ntawm tus neeg ntawd kev quav yeeb tshuaj (Minnix) et al., 2013). Prause et alCov. tawm tswv yim tias qhov kev nrhiav pom tsis txaus ntseeg no yuav yog vim muaj kev cuam tshuam txog kev nyob tsis taus, vim cov neeg tuaj koom tau nthuav tawm nrog qhov LPP yoj luv alyog li qhov qhab nia tau nce siab dua hauv cov xuab moos lawv tau siv los saib cov duab liab qab.