Mena kei te whai koe i te mara "whakamahinga porn raruraru" (PPU), tera pea e mōhio ana koe ki tētahi kaupapa a ngā hoa o te umanga porn hei whakatenatena i te marea "he whakama whakapono noa iho te PPU e whakakakahuhia ana hei manukanuka waranga." I tuhituhi a Gary Wilson mō tēnei "Hāriki whero" tino pūkenga.
I te tīmatanga, i angitu tēnei kaupapa (kāore i tika), nā te āwhina a te umanga pakiwaitara me te whakatairanga pūkenga a ōna hoa mātauranga. Heoi, mārire ana, ka tīmata ngā kairangahau ki te pātai i ngā pātai pai ake. Waihoki, kua whakaaetia e ngā kaiarotake ētahi rangahau kāore e tautoko i te ariā kia paahitia tā rātou arotake. (Heoi, i te nuinga o te wā, i te wā kua whakatikahia ngā rangahau e ngā kaiarotake e pai ana ki te "whakarerekētanga matatika," ka... rite kei te ora tonu te ariā, ahakoa ngā kitenga a ngā kairangahau, pērā i tēnei tauira tata nei.)
Nō reira, he uaua pea te mārama ki te āhua o te tautohetohe mō te "whakahē matatika". Hei āwhina i ngā manuhiri e pātai ana, anei tētahi whakahōutanga nā tētahi kairangahau i te mara:
He maha ngā tohunga mō te ira tangata e kī ana he tikanga hauora te mātakitaki i ngā mahi pono. E kī ana rātou, ina raru te tangata i tā rātou whakamahinga pono, ehara i te whanonga/ihirangi tonu te take. Engari, e tohu ana rātou i te "whakama i runga i te ira tangata," te hara whakapono, te whakaaro whānui rānei he hē te whanonga. Ahakoa he pono he nui ake te tūponotanga o te hunga whakapono ki te kī he "tārewatanga", kei te uaua haere te tautohe ko te whakama anake te take e whakaaro ana te tangata he raruraru tā rātou.
I roto i ngā porowhita rangahau, e mōhiotia ana tēnei tautohetohe ko te Moral Incongruence (MI). Ka puta tēnei ina whakapono tetahi he hē te porn engari ka mātaki tonu, ka puta he pakanga ā-roto. I te rongonuitanga o tēnei ariā i te tau 2015, i kitea ko ia te "hoariri" ki te tauira waranga. He tokomaha i whakaaro mēnā kei te waranga koe ki te porn (e inehia ana ko te Problematic Pornography Use, PPU rānei), kāore koe i te raru ki te whanonga; he hara noa iho koe. Heoi, e mōhio ana tātou inaianei he whakarāpopototanga nui rawa tēnei tirohanga.
Te Whakaaro Anō ki te Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero mō te "Hara me te Waranga"
E rima tau ki muri, ka tīmata ngā tohunga ki te tautohe ehara te PPU me te MI i te taha kotahi o te moni kotahi, engari he ara motuhake e rua e noho tahi ana i te wā kotahi, e tū motuhake ana rānei. E toru ngā tuhinga ariā nui mai i te tau 2019 i tīmata ki te wero i te tauira "PPU vs MI": Kraus & Sweeney (2019; https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-018-1301-9), Brand et al. (2019; https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-018-1293-5), me Vaillancourt-Morel & Bergeron, 2019; https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-018-1292-6). I kitea ngātahitia e ēnei kairangahau ētahi hapa matua e rua i roto i ngā rangahau tawhito: 1) te whakaaro i pāngia ngā tāngata takitahi e te waranga me te hara i te ara kotahi, me te 2) e kiia ana ko te MI he whakama whakapono noa iho.
I te whakawhānui ake, i puta ake ngā kōrero e whai ake nei:
– He kanorau ngā tāngata takitahi: Ka taea e te tangata te raru i ngā whanonga whakahaurangi, rite tonu ki te waranga, me te kore he kaha o te pakanga "tikanga".
– Ehara te hara i te mea whakapono anake: Ehara i te mea ko te whakapono anake te pūtake o te pakanga matatika; ka taea hoki te ahu mai i ngā uara whaiaro, i ngā uara pāpori rānei.
– Te kaiwhakamahi o te Pakanga Matatika "Parakore": I tētahi atu taha, ka nui te whakama o ētahi tāngata mō te whakamahinga iti noa iho, ahakoa kāore e whakaatu ana i ngā tohu o te pakanga whanonga tuturu.Te neke atu i ngā tauira tawhito
Nā ngā rangahau a ngā mano tini o te tangata i whakakore i te whakaaro ko te "whakapāngia" e te mahi pakiwaitara he hua noa iho o te hara whakapono.
Anei te whakamārama o ngā kōrero a te pūtaiao hou mō te rerekētanga i waenga i te whakamahinga raruraru tuturu me te pakanga matatika.1. Ko te nuinga o ngā āwangawanga matatika ehara i te mea whakapono
He kōrero noa iho tēnei, arā, ko te whakapono anake te take e pouri ai te tangata mō te mahi toi pakiwaitara. Heoi anō, i roto i tētahi rangahau i mahia ki te neke atu i te 1,000 o ngā Amerikana i whakahē i te mahi toi pakiwaitara, i whakaatuhia he tino rerekē ngā take o ā rātou mahi toi pakiwaitara (Hoagland et al., 2023; https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2023.2186992). Ahakoa tata ki te 30% i kōrero mō te whakapono, he tokomaha atu i āwangawanga mō:
Ngā Tikanga Matatika: 27% i āwangawanga mō te tukinotanga, te tukino rānei i ngā kaiwhakaari.
Ngā Uara Hapori: 20% i mātakitaki i tēnei kaupapa mā te tirohanga ā-ture mō ngā wāhine, ā, 19% i āwangawanga mō te pānga ki ō rātou whānau me ā rātou marena.
Te Tipu Whaiaro: 16% i whakaaro noa he "mou taima" noa iho.2. PPU Kāore he Hē o te Matatika
I kitea i roto i ngā raraunga mai i tētahi rangahau nui o te ao i roto i te 66,000 tāngata (Bőthe et al., 2025; doi: 10.1556/2006.2024.00054) tata ki te 20% o ngā kaiwhakamahi i taka ki roto i te kāwai PPU-anake. He nui ngā tohu o te whakamahinga raruraru i whakaatuhia e ēnei tāngata engari he iti noa iho ngā pakanga matatika.
I tautokona tēnei e ngā rangahau i Haina (Jiang et al., 2022, https://doi.
org/10.1556/2006.2022.00065; Chen et al., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000714), i kitea ai ahakoa i roto i ngā huihuinga whakaora ipurangi, he maha ngā mema he "whakaaro noa iho" ā rātou whakahē matatika ki te mahi pakiwaitara. Mena he whakama noa iho tā rātou pakanga, ka tumanakohia he teitei ake ā rātou kaute whakahē matatika.3. Ka nui ake te mamae i te hara nā ngā tohumate rite ki te waranga
I roto i tētahi rangahau i mahia ki ngā tāne 2,300 (Ince et al., 2025; doi: 10.1556/2006.2025.00022) i kitea ngā "kōtaha" rerekē o ngā kaiwhakamahi. Ko ētahi i tino hara ki te taha morare engari kāore he tohu o te waranga, ko ētahi he nui ngā tohu o te waranga engari he iti te rerekētanga o te taha morare.
Ina hoki, ko te rōpū "MI-anake" (he iti te PPU) he pai ake te hauora hinengaro i ngā rōpū e whakaatu ana i ngā tohu o te PPU. E whakaatu ana tēnei ko te whanonga tūturu—ehara i te whakama—te mea e akiaki ana i te mamae hinengaro me te hiahia āwhina ngaio.Ko te Raina Raro
Kāore e taea e tātou te kī ko te whakamahi i ngā mahi pakiwaitara raruraru he "whakamā noa iho i te whakapono," ahakoa he mea nui ki ētahi tāngata. Engari, e whakaatu ana ngā raraunga:
– He rerekē ngā āhuatanga o te whakamahinga raruraru me te hara matatika/whakapono.
– Ka taea e koe te rongo kua waranga koe ki te pikitia pono, engari me te kore e pāngia e te whakama matatika, e te whakama whakapono rānei.
– Ko te whakahē matatika ka puta pinepine mai i ngā āwangawanga o te ao, o te matatika, o te whanaungatanga rānei, kaua i te whakapono anake.