Ko te hunga e whakaatu ana i ētahi āhuatanga kino o te tangata, ka nui ake te wā e pau ana ki te mātakitaki i ngā mahi tūkino me te whai wāhi atu ki ngā whanonga moepuku ipurangi raruraru. E whakaatu ana tēnei tauira i tētahi huringa whakapakari i reira ka taea e te hunga e kukume ana ki ngā ihirangi tutu te whakatikatika i ō rātou ake whanonga kore pāpori. Nō nā tata nei i whakaputaina ai ēnei hua i roto i te hautaka. Te Hauora Whakaakaka me te Maamaa.
He wāhanga nui te ipurangi o te ao hou, engari ko tōna whakamahinga nui ka arahi pea ki ngā raruraru hauora tūmatanui. Ina nui rawa te whai wāhi atu ki te ipurangi, ka puta he uauatanga mahi e rite ana ki te waranga matū. Kei roto i tēnei ko ngā tohu pēnei i te tango i te tarukino, te huringa o te wairua, me te ngaronga tonu o te mana whakahaere i ngā whanonga matihiko.
Ko ngā taiohi me ngā pakeke te hunga tino pāngia e ēnei raruraru i roto i ngā wā tino nui o te hanganga o te tuakiri. Nā te hiahia kia noho hono tonu, ka nui ake te tūponotanga o te hunga taiohi ki te waranga ipurangi. He maha ngā āhua o tēnei whai wāhi nui ki te ipurangi, tae atu ki te petipeti, te petipeti, me ngā mahi moepuku.
Ko tētahi o ngā āwangawanga ko te nui rawa o te whakamahinga o ngā ihirangi moepuku ipurangi. Ahakoa he maha ngā whanonga moepuku ipurangi kāore i te kino, ka taea e rātou te noho hei raruraru mō tētahi wāhanga o te taupori. Ko te whakamahinga raruraru e tohuhia ana e te kore mana whakahaere, te nui haere o te manawanui, me ngā pānga kino ki te oranga o ia rā.
He āhuatanga tino āwangawanga te mātakitaki i ngā mahi tūkino ā-iwi. Kei roto i tēnei momo pāpāho ngā rauemi ā-ira tangata me ngā kaupapa whakatoi, pērā i te akiaki, te tutu tinana rānei. Mā te tūponotanga tonu ki ēnei āhuatanga whakaiti ka pā kino ki te whanonga o te tangata i roto i ngā whanaungatanga o te ao tūturu.
E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau o mua ko te kai i ngā ihirangi taikaha tutu ka whakaiti i te aro o te tangata ki te riri. Ka taea hoki e ia te akiaki i ngā waiaro whakaae ki te akiaki i roto i ngā hononga taikaha tuimotu. Heoi, e whakapae ana ngā kairangahau ko ngā rerekētanga o te tuakiri o te tangata takitahi ka akiaki i te tangata ki tēnei ihirangi tino nui.
I hiahia a Manuel Galán, he kairangahau i te Whare Wānanga Katorika o Murcia i Pāniora, kia pai ake te mārama ki tēnei āhuatanga. I whakapae a Galán mā, ko ētahi āhuatanga kino o te tangata ka akiaki i te tangata ki te rapu i ngā mahi tūkino. I whakaaro anō rātou mēnā ka whakakaha ake tēnei kai i aua āhuatanga kino i roto i te wā.
Hei tūhura i tēnei, i arotahi te tīma rangahau ki tētahi anga hinengaro motuhake e mōhiotia ana ko te Dark Tetrad. E whakakotahi ana tēnei ariā i ngā āhuatanga tuakiri iti-haumanu e whā. Ko te tikanga o te iti-haumanu kei roto i ngā whanonga o ia rā o te tangata ngā āhuatanga engari kāore i te tino kino hei tautuhi i a rātou he mate hinengaro ōkawa.
Ko ngā āhuatanga e whā o te Dark Tetrad ko te whakapehapeha, te Machiavellianism, te hinengaro pōuri, me te sadism. Ko te whakapehapeha he tikanga nui, he hiahia ki te whakamahi i ētahi atu hei painga mōna ake. Ko te Machiavellianism he tirohanga ao whakahihi, he arotahi ki te whakahaere i ētahi atu hei painga mōna ake.
Kei roto i te hinengaro pākiki te whanoke, te papaku o ngā kare ā-roto, te kore aroha, me te āhua ki te whanonga kore-pāpori. Hei whakamutunga, ko te sadism e tautuhia ana e te pārekareka hohe, te pārekareka kore rānei ki te whakapouri, ki te mātakitaki rānei i ētahi atu e mamae ana. I hiahia ngā kairangahau ki te kite i te hononga o ēnei āhuatanga e whā ki te whakamahinga raruraru o ngā rauemi moepuku ipurangi.
E whakapono ana ngā tohunga hinengaro ka puta mai ēnei āhuatanga pōuri i te ranunga o ngā āhuatanga taiao, koiora, me te ako. Ko ngā wheako kino o te tamarikitanga, pērā i te koretake o te mātua, te kore aro rānei, ka taea te whakatipu i ēnei āhuatanga hei urupare urutau ki ngā taiao kino. He wāhi anō hoki tō te ako pāpori, nā te mea he maha ngā wā ka uru ngā tāngata ki roto i ngā whanonga raweke mā te mātakitaki i ngā mana whakahaere.
I whakapae a Galán mā ko tana tīma, ko te hunga e whiwhi ana i ngā tohu teitei o ēnei āhuatanga pōuri ka nui ake te tūponotanga ki te mātakitaki i ngā mahi tūkino taikaha. I whakapae rātou ko te whakaohooho tonu mai i te whakamahinga ipurangi raruraru ka whakararuraru i ngā tikanga hauora. Ka taea e tēnei te waihanga i tētahi taiao ipurangi e ngāwari ake ai te whakataurite i ngā waiaro taikaha.
Hei whakamātautau i ō rātou whakaaro, i kohikohi a Galán me tana tīma i te 795 o ngā kaiuru mā roto i ngā papaaho pāpāho pāpori pēnei i a LinkedIn, Facebook, me Instagram. He wahine te nuinga o ngā kaiuru, ā, ko ō rātou tau i waenga i te 18 ki te 80, me te tau toharite o te 32. I whakaoti ia tangata i tētahi rangahau ipurangi whānui i hangaia hei ine i ō rātou whanonga matihiko me ngā āhuatanga o te tangata.
I roto i te rangahau he maha ngā pātai hinengaro paerewa. I aromatawaihia e tētahi huinga pātai te nui o te mamae whaiaro, te ngaronga rānei o te mana whakahaere i pā ki ngā kaiuru mō tā rātou whakamahinga o ngā pae moepuku ipurangi. I pātaihia ngā kaiuru ki te auau o tā rātou wareware i ngā kawenga kāinga, i te wā rānei i uru ai rātou ki ngā moemoeā mō te hono atu ki ngā pae moepuku ipurangi.
I roto i tētahi atu wāhanga o te rangahau i inehia te aroaro o ngā āhuatanga e whā o te tangata Tetrad Pōuri. I arotakehia e ngā kaiuru tā rātou whakaae ki ngā kōrero e whakaatu ana i te tinihanga, te ngākau kino, me te whakapehapeha. I inehia e tētahi atu pātai te mahi nanakia o ia rā, me te pātai ki ngā kaiuru mēnā i pai ake ai ō rātou wairua i te whakamamae i ētahi atu.
I hangaia hoki e ngā kairangahau tētahi huinga pātai motuhake hei ine i te auau o te mātakitaki a ngā kaiuru i ngā momo pikitia tūkino rerekē i roto i te tau kua hipa. I roto i tēnei ko ngā ihirangi e whakaatu ana i te whakaiti ā-waha, te tutu tinana, ngā āhuatanga kore whakaae, me te whakatauira i te tāwharau. I arotakehia e ngā kaiuru te auau o tā rātou mātakitaki i runga i te tauine mai i te "kāore rawa" ki te "maha o ngā wā".
I muri i te kohikohi i ngā whakautu o te rangahau, i whakamahia e te tīma ngā tauira tatauranga matatau hei tātari i ngā raraunga. Nā ēnei tauira i taea ai e rātou te tirotiro i ngā whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā taurangi rerekē katoa i te wā kotahi. I whakarerekētia hoki e rātou ā rātou tataunga kia whakaarohia ai te ira tangata o ngā kaiuru, nā te mea he maha ngā wā ka kōrerohia e ngā tāne me ngā wāhine he rerekē ngā whanonga mātakitaki.
I whakaatuhia e ngā hua he hononga mārama i waenga i ngā āhuatanga o te Dark Tetrad me ngā whanonga moepuku ipurangi. Ko te hunga i whiwhi tohu teitei ake i ngā āhuatanga o te tangata pouri i kōrero anō hoki he nui ake ngā taumata o te whakamahi ipurangi moepuku raruraru. He nui ake hoki te wā i pau i a rātou ki te mātakitaki i ngā mahi tūkino kino.
I roto i ngā āhuatanga e whā, ko te hinengaro pōrangi me te wairua nanakia ngā hononga tino kaha ki te whakamahinga ipurangi raruraru me te kai i ngā ihirangi taikaha tutu. E hangai ana tēnei ki ngā āhuatanga matua o ēnei āhuatanga e rua. He hononga tata te hinengaro pōrangi me te wairua nanakia ki te ngākau aroha, te riri, me te kore aroha ki ētahi atu.
I whakaatuhia e ngā raraunga he hononga tata ngā āhuatanga o te hinengaro pōrangi me te wairua whakarihariha tetahi ki tetahi. I whakaatuhia hoki e te Machiavellianism me te narcissism he hononga pai ki ēnei whanonga ipurangi, ahakoa he iti iho. E kī ana ngā kairangahau ka whakamahia pea e ngā tāngata Machiavellianism ngā ihirangi moepuku ipurangi hei whakatutuki i ngā whāinga whaiaro.
I taua wā anō, ko te hunga whakahihi pea ka akiakihia e te whakaaro mō te mana o te taatai, e te aro nui rānei ki ngā utu. I whakaūhia hoki e ngā tauira tatauranga he wāhi nui te taatai i roto i ēnei tauira. Ko te noho tāne i honoa ki ngā kaute teitei ake i roto i te hinengaro hinengaro, te Machiavellianism, me te sadism.
I roto i ngā tāne i roto i te rangahau, i kōrerohia hoki he nui ake ngā reiti o te whakamahi ipurangi i ngā mahi moepuku me te roa ake o te wā e mātakitaki ana i ngā mahi tūkino. Ko te āhua anake kāore i hono ki tētahi ira tangata ko te whakapehapeha. Ahakoa i muri i te whakatikatika i ēnei rerekētanga ira tangata, i mārama tonu ngā hononga i waenga i ngā āhuatanga pōuri me ngā whanonga ipurangi.
E whakaatu ana tēnei he tūranga motuhake tā te tuakiri ki te hanga i te āhua o te taunekeneke a te tangata ki ngā ihirangi matihiko whakaipoipo. Ehara i te mea ko ngā rerekētanga taupori anake te mea e akiaki ana i te whanonga. E titiro ana ngā kairangahau ki ēnei hua hei taunakitanga mō tētahi huringa whakapakari pea.
Ko te hunga he nui te hinengaro pōuri me te ngākau nanakia, ka kukume pea rātou ki ngā rauemi e whakaatu ana i te riri ā-ira me te mana whakahaere. Mā te mātakitaki tonu i ēnei ihirangi ka whakapakari ake pea i ō rātou waiaro kore-pāpori. I te mea ka nui haere te mātakitaki a te tangata i ngā pikitia ponokino tutu, ka ngoikore haere pea rātou ki te riri.
Ka taea e tēnei ngoikoretanga o te aro te whakakore i te wehewehe i waenga i te whanaungatanga piripono me te tutu. Hei whakamutunga, ka taea e tēnei huringa te whakakaha i ngā whanonga kino, ā, ka puta he āhua noa iho ngā āhuatanga whakaeke. Ahakoa ēnei tauira mārama, i kitea e te rōpū rangahau ētahi herenga i roto i tā rātou mahi.
I whakawhirinaki te rangahau ki tētahi tauira whai hua i kohia mā roto i ngā pāpāho pāpori, arā, kāore pea ngā kaiuru e tino tohu i te marea whānui. Ko te hunga kāore i te hohe ki ēnei papaaho i tangohia katoatia mai i ngā raraunga. Hei tāpiri, he nui rawa te tokomaha o ngā wāhine i roto i te tauira.
I te mea he nui ake ngā tāne e whakaatu ana i te nui o te kai i ngā pikitia tūkino, ka pā pea tēnei kore taurite o te ira tangata ki te whānui o te whakamahinga o ngā hua. Ko tētahi atu herenga ko te whakawhirinaki ki ngā raraunga rangahau i ripoatatia e te tangata ake. I te whakautu i ngā pātai mō ngā kaupapa tairongo pēnei i te pikitia tūkino me ngā āhuatanga kino o te tangata, ka whakarerekē pea te tangata i ā rātou whakautu kia pai ake ai te āhua o te hapori.
Ka taea e tēnei ia te whakauru i te whakaaro pākiki ki roto i ngā raraunga, i te mea ka whakaitihia pea e te tangata ā rātou tikanga tūturu. Ko te whakatūpato nui ko te āhua whakawhiti-wāhanga o te rangahau. Ka tirohia e te rangahau whakawhiti-wāhanga ngā raraunga mai i tētahi wā kotahi, pērā i te tango whakaahua.
Nā tēnei hoahoa, ka taea anake e ngā kairangahau te tohu i ngā hononga i waenga i ngā taurangi. Kāore e taea e rātou te whakaatu i te ahunga o te take me te pānga. Kāore anō kia mārama mēnā ko ngā āhuatanga pōuri te take e rapu ai te tangata i ngā mahi tūkino, mēnā rānei ko te kai i ngā ihirangi ka whakatairanga i ngā āhuatanga pōuri.
He tino tūpono ka pāngia ngā āhuatanga e rua e tētahi i tētahi i te wā kotahi, i roto i tētahi huringa tonu. Hei whakautu i tēnei pātai, me whai i ngā rangahau ā muri ake nei ngā kaiuru mō tētahi wā roa ake. Mā te tirotiro i ēnei whanonga i a rātou e whanake ana i roto i ngā marama, i ngā tau rānei, ka āwhina i te whakamārama i te ahunga tika o te whanaungatanga.
Mā tēnei huarahi roa e whakaatu te āhua o te whakawhanaketanga o te tuakiri e ngā taiao ipurangi i roto i te wā. He taahiraa nui te mārama ki ēnei tauira whanonga mō te hauora tūmatanui. Mā te tautuhi i ngā āhuatanga hinengaro e akiaki ana i te whakamahinga ipurangi raruraru, ka taea e ngā tohunga hauora hinengaro te hanga i ngā wawaotanga pai ake.
Ka taea e ngā maimoatanga kua arotahi ki te āwhina i te hunga ngoikore ki te wawahi i te huringa o te whakamahi i ngā pāpāho matihiko kaha.
Te rangahau, "Te taha pōuri o te hiahia: Te moepuku tutu, te whakamahinga ipurangi morearea me ō rātou hononga ki te Tetrad pōuri,” i tuhia e Manuel Galán, Pilar Rico-Bordera, David Pineda, Embla Bøckmann me José Antonio Piqueras.