(L) Neuroscientists discover why exercise reduces stress: Galanin & neuroplasticity (2015)

On top of the many reasons to hit the gym, working out may also improve the ability to persevere through hard times. In a series of recent experiments, neuroscientists at the University of Georgia have begun to unravel the link between long-term stress resilience and exercise. The study, published in the February edition of the […]

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The role of dopamine in risk taking: a specific look at Parkinson’s disease and gambling (2014)

Front Behav Neurosci. 2014 May 30;8:196. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00196. eCollection 2014. Crystal A. Clark and Alain Dagher* Author information ► Article notes ► Copyright and License information ► This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Go to: Abstract An influential model suggests that dopamine signals the difference between predicted and experienced reward. In […]

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Predictive reward signal of dopamine neurons (1998)

J Neurophysiol. 1998 Jul;80(1):1-27. Schultz W1. Abstract The effects of lesions, receptor blocking, electrical self-stimulation, and drugs of abuse suggest that midbrain dopamine systems are involved in processing reward information and learning approach behavior. Most dopamine neurons show phasic activations after primary liquid and food rewards and conditioned, reward-predicting visual and auditory stimuli. They show […]

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Glutamatergic synaptic plasticity in the mesocorticolimbic system in addiction (2015)

Front Cell Neurosci. 2015 Jan 20;8:466. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00466. eCollection 2014. van Huijstee AN1, Mansvelder HD1. Abstract Addictive drugs remodel the brain’s reward circuitry, the mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) system, by inducing widespread adaptations of glutamatergic synapses. This drug-induced synaptic plasticity is thought to contribute to both the development and the persistence of addiction. This review highlights […]

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Which Foods May Be Addictive? The Roles of Processing, Fat Content, and Glycemic Load (2015)

Erica M. Schulte,  Nicole M. Avena, Ashley N. Gearhardt Published: February 18, 2015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117959 Abstract Objectives We propose that highly processed foods share pharmacokinetic properties (e.g. concentrated dose, rapid rate of absorption) with drugs of abuse, due to the addition of fat and/or refined carbohydrates and the rapid rate the refined carbohydrates are absorbed […]

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