Update: Kurudzira kupikisa Zvepabonde PaDawn: Vanhu vakatendeka pabonde uye vane pfungwa dzekufunga murume mumwe pane akawanda mafirimu akakurumbira anoda kutiita kuti titende. Ona: "Ngano Yomurume Anotsauka Uye Mukadzi Anonyengera. ”
Ndezvipi zvinonakidza zvako zvinonzwisisika zvinoreva hupenyu hwako hworudo?
Hunhu hwevanhu hunosiyana siyana. Sezvatinoenzaniswa nemamwe ma primates, isu tinokurudzirwa zvakanyanya nehunhu, chitendero, kurerwa kwemhuri, zvichingodaro. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvine musoro kupedzisa kuti kukwana kwedu kwemurume mumwechete kwakasarudzika mutsika uye kwete kwomuzvarirwo. (Kune rimwe divi, isu zvinoita sekunge tinogamuchira kuti hunhu hwehunhu hwakakomberedzwa muhuropi hwedu.)
Ichokwadi, isu tiri kugadzirwa kubatanidza zvisungo-sezvatakarongedzerwa kuwedzera notches mumabhanhire edu. Nezvakarongwa, ndinoreva kuti huropi hwedu hwakagadzwa kuitira kuti isu tiite mune ano maitiro neakadzika chikumbaridzo chekukwezva kupfuura zvataizoita neimwe nzira. Ose mapurogiramu anoshandira magene edu, sezvinoita kusagadzikana kuri pakati pavo. Semuenzaniso, paavhareji, tinogara takasungwa kwenguva yakakwana kuti ude murudo nemwana, uyo anobva abatsirwa nevachengeti vaviri. Ipapo isu tinogona kukura nyore kusagadzikana uye kutsvaga mageneti enziwo muchimiro chemumwe mudiwa. Tsvagurudzo yeItaly, semuenzaniso, inoratidza kuti racy yedu "honeymoon neurochemistry" kazhinji rinovhara mukati memakore maviri.
Kuwirirana kwepairi hakungori maitiro ekudzidza. Dai pasina neural correlates shure kweizvi, hazvizove zvakanyanya kudonha murudo uye kuwirirana kune dzimwe tsika dzakasiyana-siyana. Izvo zvinoshushikana zviri zviviri zvakagadzirirwa mukati uye zvakamirira kuti zvigadziriswe, zvakadai sa purogiramu inosungira vana vane vatarisi. Kutaura zvazviri, mapurogiramu aya maviri anomuka mune zvikamu zvinoputika zveuropi uye anoshandisa maitiro eurochemchem Coolidge Effect (iyo yekunyengera tsika yekujairira kune waunoziva bonde naye uye unoshuva yenoveli imwe) zvakare chirongwa. Icho chokwadi chekuti zvirongwa izvi zvinowanzo kutonga mumwe hazvichinje chokwadi icho ivo vaviri vanotikurudzira.
Kunyangwe patinonyanya kufungidzira zvido zvakadai saizvi, vanovhiringidza. Saka ndeyekuti vakaroorana vanofanira kunowedzera mazino avo kana vakasarudza kuramba vakatendeka pavanenge vachida kukurudzira vashandi vese. Uye vanhu vazhinji vane wired vane simba-vana vane simba rekubatana, kunyange vakasarudza kusava nevana. Iko amai vasina ruzivo vasingabatanidzi navana vavo (kunyange zvinogona kuitika kana, semuenzaniso, kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka kwakavhiringidza neurochemistry). Saizvozvowo, vanhu vanogona kusarudza kuti vasamboita zvepabonde uye nhengo dzomukati, asi mapoka ezvikanana zvinopindirana akazvigadzirira kuvapa ruzivo rwakasimba kana vachiita.
Zvakare, zvirongwa zvakadaro zviripo nekuda kwe zvivako zvemuviri muuropi- kunyanya idzo dzinoumba "iyo mupepeti weruwa. ” Iyi nzira inoshandiswa neiyo neurochemical inonzi dopamine (iyo "Ini ndinayo!" neurochemical). Ichi ndicho chikonzero kuwira murudo, bonde, kurera mwana, uye kazhinji uchitsvaga newano mudiwa vese vanyoresa se mubayiro.
Pasina uyu mubairo weiyo neurochemical, vaviri bonders havangazvinetse kubatanidza bond. Ivo vanogadzikana mune yakajairwa, hupombwe mammalian chirongwa, mukutsvaga its mubayiro. Zvinotarisirwa, kune uchapupu hwehumwe humwe huropi hunoita basa pair-bonding voles (kuenzaniswa nemasina-maviri-kusunga zvakasiyana). Uye kune dingaridzo inoratidza zvakafanana neuropi basa muzvikamu zviviri zvakabatana. Ona: Neural correlates yekubatana nepakati kune imwe mhuka. Kunyangwe kutsvagurudza kuchidikanwa, zvinogona kunge zvinyama zviviri zvinobatanidza (kusiyana nema bonobos asiri maviri-maviri, semuenzaniso) zvinogoverana zvakafanana neural correlates: neural network, receptor mhando uye chaiwo maurotransmitter, nezvimwe. Neuroendocrinologist Sue Carter akataura maonero aya: " ”Biochemistry [yekubatanidza] ingangove yakafanana nevanhu nemhuka nekuti ibasa chairo.”
Kunyange zvazvo zvipfuwo zvose zvinowanikwa mune zvepabonde zvinokomborera, vaviri vevasungwa vanonyora zvakare munhu mumwe chete sezvakakomborera. Tinovonga purogiramu iyi yakavigwa-yakabatanidzwa, ubongo hwedu hunovhenekera kuitira kuti tive takaderedzwa. Uye mwoyo yedu inopera apo inoparadzaniswa nemudiwa wedu. Pair-bonding voles, zvakare, zvinoratidza zviratidzo zvekuvhara apo pazvakatsaurwa nemumwe wako.
Unoda humwe uchapupu here? Funga nezvekutsamwa kweheroin iyo inomuka patinenge takaiswa kune mumwe munhu mutsva. Mhou, kune rumwe rutivi, haina hanya kana nzombe iyo yakamuchengeta zuro inoita basa rake nemuvakidzani wake nhasi. Asina kudiwa neural correlates, haasi mubatanidzwa wepamberi.
Sei tichifanira kufarira kuti tiri vaviri bonders?
Sei tichifanira kufarira kuti tiri vaviri bonders?Tichifunga nezve chokwadi chekuti chishuwo chekuchinjisa vadikani kazhinji chinokunda maitiro edu ekubatanidza vaviri, hatifanirwe here kuramba tichipa chirongwa ichi chisina kuvimbika? Pamwe kwete. Kunyangwe hazvo yedu yekubatanidza vaviri-vaviri chiri pachena isiri vimbiso yekurarama tichifara nguva dzese nemudiwa, kuinzwisisa zviri nani kunogona kupa zviyeuchidzo zvakakosha zvekugutsikana kwehukama, uye kutonyanya kugarika. Hatidi vane kuenderana nemajene edu 'kukweshera-kunowanzoitika ajenda.
Ngatimbofungai nezvezvimwe zvinowanzo kufuratirwa chirongwa ichi:
Chokutanga, tinogona kunge tabva kune imwe nguva yakareba yevasungwa vaviri. Imwe nyanzvi yekutsvaga yakawanikwa inoratidza kuti kuwirirana kwemaviri kungave kwakapesana nekunze kwechitsika chiitiko. Kuwanikwa kwevanhu vakarurama kare Ardipithecus (4.4 yemakore emakore) zvinoreva kuti mutsara wedu uye chimp line zvakasiyana-siyana kare. Vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanofunga kuti, nokuti Ardipithecus vanhurume nevanhukadzi vaive vakaenzana saizi, uye zvienzaniso hazvina mazino akakura, akapinza epaini, zvinokwanisika kuti makwikwi anotyisa, kazhinji ane chisimba pakati pevanhurume evakadzi pakupisa anoratidza magorira uye chimpanzi akange asipo.
ichi Aizoita inoratidza kuti varume vacho vakanga vatanga kupinda mune hukama hwemhando imwe chete nevakadzi-zvichida kupa nguva yakawanda kutakura zvokudya (izvo zvinoda kufambisa pamakumbo maviri) uye kutarisira vana vavo kupfuura zvakaitwa kare madzitateguru. Ona: Vanhu Vokutanga Vakatanga Kutamba Zvebonde Here? Muchidimbu, kusvibisa bonobo chimps, hama dzedu dzepedyo dzekugara, hadzisi dzepedyo. Sevasiri varanda vaviri, vangave vasina zvishoma kuti vatidzidzise nezve rudo rwakagutsikana hupenyu.
Chechipiri, hukama hunofadza hunoita kuti vanhu vave nekunzwa kwekudzika, kugutsikana-utano kugutsikana. Apo vatsvakurudzi vanoyera zviitiko zvinofadza, zvakagutsikana zvembambamwe zvakasungwa zvinonyora seimwe yezvinonyanya kukosha determinants of happiness. Izvi zvinogona kuva basa redu vaviri-musungwa weshandi. Kutsvakurudza kunoratidza kuti kushamwaridzana, kunyaradza kunobatsira pakati pevakaroorana kunoita kunge kudzivirira yehutano uye hurefu. “Kubata noushamwari kunowedzera pakati pevanhu vakaroorana kunobatsira panjodzi dzakasiyana-siyana dzokushushikana mupfungwa.”
Kushamwaridzana kunoshamwaridzana pakati pevamwe vaviri-vakaroorana vakaroorana zviri pachena kuwedzerwa yeiyo imwecheteyo inozorodza inosunga iyo inosunga vacheche nevachengeti. Zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvinozivikanwa zvinosimbisa kuti kazhinji orgasm inobatsira vakaroorana. Asi fungidziro iyoyo inotarisa kuti isu takasungwa kuti tibatsirwe nekubatana uye kuva padhuze ivo, zvachose kunze kwekuti kana orgasm inowanikwa. Kunatswa pane izvi kunogona kuita kuti urambe uri murudo kushingaira kupfuura zvatakafunga.
Tevere isu tichatarisa iyo kunetseka kunogona kuvhiringidza vasungwa vaviri.
* [Kubva kuMutauri Pfupiso yehurukuro naLarry Young, PhD yakanzi, "Neurobiology yeSocial Bonding uye Monogamy"]
Nharaunda inofamba, sevanhu, inonyanya kushamwaridzana uye iyo inogara kwenguva refu zvisungo pakati pevakaroorana. Izvi zvinopesana ne95 yezana yemarudzi ose emammalia, asingaoneki anokwanisa kugadzira hukama hwehutano husingaperi pakati pevakaroorana. Zvidzidzo kuongorora huropi uye maitiro ehutachiona zviri pasi pekubatana kwevamwe zvakaratidza basa rinokosha kune mashoma emakemikari anokosha muuropi pakugadzira ukama hwemagariro evanhu. Oxytocin uye vasopressin inoita kuti iongorore uropi pamagariro evanhu munharaunda. Pakati pekubatana kwemaviri maviri, makemikari aya anoshanda pamwe neuropi yemubairo wehurongwa (semuenzaniso dopamine) kuumba sangano pakati pehukama hwevanhu pamwe chete nemararamiro ekubatira. Saka nei dzimwe mhuka dzinokwanisa kugadzirisa hukama hwevanhu kana vamwe vasina? Kutsvakurudza kuenzanisa ubongo hwehukama hwemumwe nemumwe asiri humwe hunoratidza kuti ndiyo nzvimbo yemakiti inopindura oxytocin uye vasopressin iyo inosarudza kana munhu achange akakwanisa kubatana. Semuenzaniso, monogamous male prairie voles ine kukwirira kwakanyanya kwevasopressin receptors mu ventral forebrain reward center iyo inobatanidzwawo mune zvinodhaka. Izvo-zvisingagoneki mhuka ine simba hazviwaniki zvinogamuchira ipapo. Zvisinei, kana zvikwereti zvinowanikwa mumugwagwa uyu wemubairo mune zvisiri mumiririri mhepo ine simba, ava varume vanowedzera kukurumidza kuumba zvisungo. Izvo zvidzidzo zvakare zvinoratidza kuti kushamwaridzana kwekubatana kunowanidza maitiro akawanda ehumwechete ehutano. Zvidzidzo zveGenetic zvakaratidza kuti DNA inoenderana nekusiyana-siyana mumagetsi anokonzera vasopressin receptor inokanganisa huwandu hwekugamuchira mashoko mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeuropi uye kufanotaura kuti zvingaita kuti mukomana achaumba hukama hwehukama nevakadzi.
Ongororo dzichangoburwa muvanhu dzakaratidza kufanana kwakatanhamara mumabasa eoxytocin uye vasopressin mukudzora kugarisana kwevanhu uye hunhu mune vole nemurume. Musiyano muDNA kuteedzana kwevanhu vasopressin receptor jeni rakabatanidzwa nekusiyana kwezviyero zvehukama hwehukama hwehukama. Muvanhu, intranasal kuendeswa kweoxytocin kunowedzera kuvimba, kunowedzera kutarira kumeso, kunowedzera kunzwira tsitsi uye kunowedzera kudzidza kwakasimbiswa munharaunda. Hongu zvinoita sekunge kumutsa iyo oxytocin system muvanhu kunowedzera kutarisisa kumagariro mamiriro munharaunda.
- Neurobiological nzira dzekushamwaridzana nevanhu uye hukama hwekubatana (2015)
- 2016 kudzidza: Prairie voles inoratidza vanhu-sekunyaradza [asi kwete-pair-bonding voles haiti]
- Ko Piritsi Itsva Inogona Kurega Kuita Zvinodhaka? (2018). Piritsi, maererano ne Nine News, inoshanda nekutevedzera maitiro ehomoni oxytocin-hormone inozivikanwa kukurudzira kubatana uye kushamwaridzana kwevanhu.
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