Wona chinyorwa naPascal-Emmanuel Gobry
Vanoti danho rekutanga kubvuma kuti une dambudziko. Ini ndinofunga vazhinji vanoverengera chinyorwa chino vachapindura nehasha, uye vazhinji vanozoona zvichitaura zvinhu zvavaiziva kare kuti ichokwadi-uye ndinofunga mapoka maviri aya achapfuura. Chinhu chakanyanya kundivhiringidza kusangana nekupindwa muropa kupindwa muropa kuramba, uye pamwe chete isu tiri kuramba nezve zvinonyadzisira.
Sezvo zvinoratidzika neimwe nzira, regai nditaure pakutanga kuti ndiri French. Furu yega yega yangu yechiLatin, muviri weKatorike unogarawo kuchenesa kwerudzi chero rupi zvarwo, zvinoshamisa, rudzi rweAnglo-Puritan rwakapararira muAmerica. Ndinotenda kuti eroticism ndechimwe chezvipo zvakakura kwazvo kuna Mwari kuvanhu, prudishness inoshamisa, uye kwete kare kare, nyevero dzehungwaru nezve njodzi dzezvinonyadzisira, kungave kubva kuEvangelical Christian kana shamwari dzinofambira mberi dzechikadzi, ndakaita kuti ndiveze maziso angu.
Kwete futi. Ini ndazova anouraya zvakakomba. Makore mashoma apfuura, shamwari — zvisingaite, shamwari yechikadzi - yakataura kuti kwaive neuchina hwakasimba hwekurapa hwekufunga kuti zvinonyadzisira zvepamhepo zvine njodzi kupfuura vanhu vazhinji vanofungidzira. Sezvo ndainyepa, ndakatarisa mukati mariri. Ndakave nekushamisika uye ndikaramba ndichitevera iyo inoisa sainzi, pamwe nehuchapupu hwepamhepo, kuenda nekuenderera mberi. Hazvina kunditorera nguva kuti ndinzwisise kuti shamwari yangu ari kutaura chokwadi. Kutaura zvazviri, pandainyanya kufarira nyaya yacho, zvakawedzera kuvhunduka.
Kupokana kukuru kwechinyorwa ichi ndechekuti, zvisinei isu tingave tinonzwa mutsika nezvekuona zvinonyadzisira zvakawandisa, huwandu hwenhu hunhu nezvekuona zvinonyadzisira sezvo hwave huripo kwemakore gumi apfuura, kana nekubuda kwenzvimbo dze "Tube" dzinopa zvisingaperi, ipapo , vhidhiyo yakanyanya-tsananguro muna 2006, uye kuwanda kwemafoni uye mahwendefa kubvira 2007, kwakasiyana nechinhu chero chipi zvacho chatakambosangana nacho.
Chibvumirano chesainzi chiri kubuda chekuti mazuva ano zvinonyadzisira zvine hutano hweveruzhinji: kugona kwavo kutsva pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinogadzirwa nekushanduka-shanduka kwehuropi hwedu kuti zviite kuti vapindwe muropa, parutivi nemushonga chero waungatumidza zita-uye unoparadza. Hufakazi huri mu: porn inopinda muropa sekuputa, kana zvimwe, kunze kwekunge izvo zvinoitwa nekusvuta kumapapu ako, porn inoita kuuropi hwako.
Kukuvara kwacho ndekwechokwadi, uye kwakadzama. Umboo hwesainzi hwawedzera: zvimwe zvakagadzirwa neshanduko yecurobiology yedu hazvireve chete kuti zvinonyadzisira zvemazuva ano zvakapusa, asi kuti kupindwa muropa uku, uko panguva ino, kunofanirwa kusanganisira ruzhinji rwevanhurume-hwave kuvandudza pfungwa dzako munzira. izvo zvakakanganisa zvakanyanya hukama hwedu hwepabonde, hukama hwedu, uye hutano hwedu hwepfungwa.
Pamusoro pezvo, ini ndinotenda kuti zvakare irikusangana nemhedzisiro inosvika pamusuwo wedu zvachose-nepo zvichitadza kuratidza chero hukama uye hunhu-hukama musainzi zvisingabvumike zvine musoro kana zvasvika pane zvinoitika munzanga, ndinotenda. humbowo huchiri kumanikidza kana, kunyangwe, hunopokana zvakanyanya.
Chokwadi, zvinogombedzera zvekuti ini zvino ndotenda kuti online kupindwa muropa nezvinodzvinyirira iri dambudziko rekutanga rehutano rinotarisana neWest nhasi.
Kana humbowo hwakasimba uye nekukuvara kwakadzika uye kwakazara, nei pasina munhu ari kutaura pamusoro peizvi? Zvakanaka-nei zvakatora nguva yakareba kuti nzanga igone kubvuma, uye kupa humbowo pane zvinokuvadza pakuputa? Pakati pacho nekuti, kunyangwe kana humbowo hwavepo hwesainzi hwakasimba, munzvimbo dzepamusoro pane dzimwe nguva pane kungwara pakati pevanyanzvi vanowana uye nevachengeti vegedhi vanozvigamuchira, vobva vazvipa chinzvimbo chemagariro echiremera chekubvumirana kwesainzi. Muchikamu ndechekuti, kune vazhinji vedu, fungidziro yekumashure kwedu ndeyekuti "porn" zvinoreva chimwe chinhu chakafanana Playboy uye lingerie catalogs. Muchikamu, imhaka yekupararira (uye, mumaonero angu, zvisirizvo) kufungidzira pamusoro pekuti chii chakakosha sekutaura kwakasununguka, kuringana kwevanhukadzi, uye hutano hwepabonde hunosanganisira. Muchikamu icho imhaka yekuti zvido zvewakadzika-zvine mwoyo zvine danda mune mamiriro acho. Uye muzvikamu zvikuru, imhaka yekuti vazhinji vedu tava vanopindwa muropa uye sekupindwa muropa kwakanaka, tiri kuramba.
Zvinonyadzisira Kupa Utsva
Ndanga ndiri munhu anoputa kubvira ndichangotanga makumi maviri. Ndataura zvinhu sekuti, "Ini ndinogona kurega chero nguva," "Ini ndinongozviita nekuti ini ndinonakidzwa nazvo," "Ambuya vangu vakaputa kwemakumi emakore uye vane hutano hwakakwana," vachinyara muchivande nekusakwanisa kukwira ndege. masitepisi ndisina kurasikirwa nemweya. Hapana chimiro chekunyepedzera chine simba kupfuura kuzvinyengera.
Vapikisi veAnti-porn senge izwi rinoti "porn kuputa kutsva." Daidzira nhasi kutanga kwe "Mad Varume" nhanho yechiitiko, ipapo: nguva apo vanhu vazhinji vachiri kuona kuputa senge kusingakuvadzi, asi humbowo hwesainzi hwuri kutanga murwi mudenga, uye iyo inodonhedza-kudonha-patsva yedata idzva iri kungotanga kunzwiwa kupfuura nyanzvi denderedzwa rechikoro uye vashoma vehukoko vaive ne hunch nguva yese iyi kuti izvi zvaive zvisiri kupfuura zvaitaridzika. Tinogona kutarisira, imwe nguva isati yakanyanya kureba kubva zvino, tichatarisa nhasi majee ezveHolHHub pamwechete nekubatanidzwa kwakafanana uye kunyara kwatinoita patinoona kushambadzira kwe1950s nemapuroguru akadai se "Varwere Vakawanda Vanoputa Camel Kupfuura Chero Imwe Cigarette."
Saka, chii ichi chitsva chesayenzi data?
Nhanho yekutanga ndeye kutarisa iwo humbowo pane zvinoitika zve porn pamakemikari ehuropi. Ichi chiitiko chakashama kutaura kuti zvipuka, kunyanya vanhurume, zvinofambiswa nemweya wekushanduka-shanduka kutsvaga kurudziro yebonde. Kana tachiwana, chikamu chakadzika cheuropi hwedu chinodaidzwa kuti mubayiro wemubairo, watinogovana nevarume vazhinji uye basa rayo nderekutiita kuti tinzwe zvakanaka kana isu tichiita zvinhu isu zvakagadziriswa kuti titsvake, inoburitsa iyo neurotransmitter dopamine.
Dopamine dzimwe nguva inonzi "iyo Mahara yemafaro," asi uku ndiko kuwedzera kukurudzira; zvingave zvine musoro kuti uidane kuti "chishuwo chemahoni" kana "iyo inoshuvira". Nehutsinye, kubudiswa kwe dopamine hakutangi nemubayiro wega, asi nekufungidzira kwemubairo. Basa repakati rebasa nderekutiita ronda izvo zvinhu zvatakasikwa kuti tishingaire - kutanga nebonde uye nechikafu.
Haisi iyo chaiyo scoop iyo vanhu vane wired yekutsvaga kukurudzira kwepabonde, ndizvo here? Kwete, asi zvemazuva ano internet porn inotamba zvakasiyana neye mubairo system yedu. Dhizaini yemamymals 'mubhadharo system inokonzeresa chimwe chinhu masayendisiti chinodaidza kuti Coolidge athari.
Inotumidzwa zita rekare mushure mejodo rekare: Mutungamiri Calvin Coolidge uye Yekutanga Mukadzi vari kushanyira zvakasiyana purazi. Mai Coolidge vanoshanyira huku yehuku ndokuwona jongwe richirova rakati. Iye anobvunza kuti kangani dzinoitika, uye anoudzwa, "Dzakawanda dzenguva zuva rega rega." Mai Coolidge vanopindura, "Taura izvozvo kumutungamiriri kana achinge achipfuura." Paakaudzwa, mutungamiri wenyika vanobvunza, "Haraiti hen nguva dzose? "" Aiwa, kwete, Mr. President, imwe hen imwe nguva nguva dzese. "" Taura izvozvo kuna Mai Coolidge. "
Saka, iyo Coolidge Mhedzisiro. Kana iwe ukaisa reti yechirume mubhokisi neakadzi akati wandei kupisa, iyo toni inozotanga kufambidzana nemakonzo ese echikadzi, kusvikira apera simba. Makonzo emunhukadzi, achiri kuda bonde rechikadzi, anogomera uye anonanzva mhuka yakadzipwa, asi pane imwe nguva anombomira kupindura-kusvika waisa mukadzi mutsva mubhokisi, ipapo murume achazomutswa nekukasira obatana mukadzi mutsva.
Iyo yakanaka (albeit corny) joke. Asi iyo Coolidge Effect zvakare ndeimwe yezvakanyanya kuwana pakuita kwesainzi. Zvave zvichidzokororwa muzvipuka zvese, uye dzimwe mhuka zhinji (dzimwe mhando dzekiriketi hadzina). Iko kushanduka kunokosha ndiko kuparadzira majini zvakanyanya sekukwanisika, izvo zvinoita kuti iyo Coolidge Athiro ive yakakodzera kwazvo kugadzirisa. Neurochemically, izvi zvinoreva kuti uropi hwedu hunogadzira akawanda dopamine neativha vavatendi. Uye-izvi ndizvo zvakakosha-pane Tube masosi, chimwe nechimwe chitsva chinonyadzisira chinoona yedu pfungwa anodudzira semudiwa mutsva. Mune ongororo, iyo yeiyo bhaisikopo bhaisikopo yakaratidzirwa kakawanda kuboka revarume, uye vakawana kuti zvinonakidza zvakaderera nekuona kwega kwega-kusvikira filimu nyowani yaratidzwa, panguva iyoyo yakamuka yakawedzera kusvika padanho rakafanana nepo varume vakaratidzwa firimu kekutanga.
Iyi ndiyo imwe yenzira dzinonetsa dzekuti zvinonyadzisira zanhasi zvakatosiyana nezuro: hazvina kufanana Playboy, online porn inopa chaiyo risingaperi zvisingabvumirwe pasina kuedza. Nama Tube Tube uye nekubatana kukuru, unogona kuve new clip-inodudzirwa nehuropi hwako semudiwa wako mutsva-masekondi ega ega, sekondi rega rega. Uye nemalaptops, smartphones uye mahwendefa, anogona kuwanikwa kwese kupi, 24/7, pakarepo.
Izvi zvinogona kufananidzwa neizvo Nobel laureate Nikolaas Tinbergen akadana superstimulus: chimwe chinhu chinogadzira chinopa kukurudzira icho pfungwa dzako dzinoshandurwa kuti dzitsvage, asi pane imwe nhanho kupfuura iyo isu takagadziridzwa mukushamisika nazvo, kuparadza kushungurudzika kwepfungwa dzedu. Tinbergen akaona kuti shiri dzechikadzi dzinogona kushandisa hupenyu hwadzo dzichiratidzika kuti dzigarire pamazai makuru, ane mavara anopenya achisiya mazai adzo, anodyira mazai kuti afe. Nhamba inowedzera yevasayendisiti vanotenda kuti chirwere chekufutisa imhedzisiro yeiyo superstimulus: zvigadzirwa senge yakanatswa shuwa mienzaniso yezvinyorwa yechinyorwa chakavanzika chechinhu chatakagadzirirwa kutsvaga, mune yakasimbirirwa fomu iyo isipo muzvisikwa uye kuti yedu miviri isina kugadzirirwa.
Shanduko haina kugona kugadzirira pfungwa dzedu kuti dzisarudzike yeanogara ari pasidhi yekunyepedzera kwepabonde. Izvi zvinoita online online zvinonyadzisira akapindwa muropa-zvakangoita sedhiza. Mamwe masayendisiti anotenda kuti chikonzero nei mishonga yemakemikari inogona kupindwa muropa zvikuru ndeyekuti ivo vanokonzeresa miuyo yedu yemagetsi ekuremekedza akabatana nevepabonde; heroin vakapindwa muropa vanowanzoti kupururudza "kunonzwa senge kusagadzikana." Chidzidzo che 2010 pamakonzo chakawana kuti kushandisa methamphetamine kwakatangisa iwo iwo iwo mibairo yakafanana yemubhadharo uye kutenderera kumwechete nebonde.
(Pamwe nema dolphin uye mamwe epepuru yakakwirira, makonzo ndiye chete mamalia anofambidzana nekunakidzwa pamwe nekubereka, uye vanhu 'zvepamubhadharo mubayiro masisitimu emuropa zvakadarowo zvakafanana nemakonzo', sezvo ari mamwe ezvishoma zvakavapo zvikamu zvehuropi hwedu Izvi zvinhu zvinoita kuti zvidiki zvidimbu zvive zvakanaka zviyedzo zvekuedza pane zvehunhu hwepabonde hwevanhu. Hongu, kana zvasvika pakurara, isu varume tiri chaizvo mapfumo. Uwedzere kuziva.
Uyezve, hapana munhu anozvarwa aine mubhadharo wedunhu rakapetwa muuropi hwavo doro, kana cocaine-asi munhu wese anozvarwa aine wakaomesesa mubairo system yekukurudzira bonde. Tsanangudzo yekupindwa muropa yakaratidza kuti havasi vanhu vese vane fungidziro yekupindwa muropa nezvinhu zvemakemikari - chete kana iwe uine fungidziro yekuti genital fungidziro inogona kuwana mubairo wemuuropi wako muitiro wekukanganisa imwe kemikari yekuita zvepabonde. Ichi chikonzero nei vamwe vanhu vachidhakwa kunyange mushure mekuvhenekerwa huwandu hweanonwa, nepo vamwe (seni) vanogona kunwa zvakanyanya pasina kutanga kupindwa muropa, kana kuti nei vamwe vanhu vanogona kungoita fodya imwechete pamabiko vobva vasafunganya nezvazvo vamwe (seni) vanofanirwa kugadzirira yavo nicotine zuva rega rega. Kupesana, isu tese tine fungidziro yekupindwa muropa nekusimudzira zvepabonde.
Imwe nzira yakanyatsosimbiswa yemagetsi yekushanduka kwechimwe chinhu chinonzi kuruma kwekuita. Isu takabva taitika pasi pemamiriro ekushomeka kwemidziyo, zvaireva kuti zvaive nyore kuti kuve nemubhadharo system wakarongedzwa kutipa drive yakasimba yekuruma nguva dzese kana tarova mamalode yechimwe chinhu. Asi kuisa mhuka dzakapetwa kuti dzirambe dzichiita munharaunda yezvakawandisa kunogona kukanganisa hura hwadzo. (Iyo binging mhedzisiro yakabatanidzwawo nekufutisa.)
Kana yedu yemubhadharo system ichidudzira yega nyowani porn clip seyakafanana chinhu chitsva pabonde, izvi zvinoreva nzira isingaenzaniswi yekusimudzira kwehuropi hwedu. Haifananiswe Playboy, kana kunyange '90s-era dial-up downloads. Kunyangwe madzishe emamongi eRoma anogarika, ma sultans eTurkey, uye ma1970 nyeredzi nyeredzi havana kumbobvira vane 24/7, kamwe-kamwe-kure-kuwana-kune vakawanda zvisingaite, vasinga zive bonde vanoita zvepabonde.
Iko kusanganiswa kwedenderedzwa risati riripo rechisimba remubhadharo wecocochemical unobatanidzwa nekuvandudza kwepabonde uye mukana wekukurumidza, usingaperi mutsva-iyo, zvakare, yakanga isiri chinhu chekuona zvinonyadzisira kusvika 2006 - zvinoreva kuti mushandisi anogona ikozvino kuchengetedza dopamine yake yakakwira zvakanyanya , uye kwenguva refu yenguva, kupfuura isu tinogona kutarisira tariro yedu yekurapa pasina kukuvadzwa chaiko uye kusingaperi.
Dzidziso vs. Dzidzira muNhasi
Saka, iyo ndiyo dzidziso. Zvakadii nezvei tsika yacho? Uchapupu hwave huri kuerera zvishoma nezvishoma; panguva ino, tinogona kutaura kuti humbowo hwesainzi hwekuti online porn inoshanda pahunhu hwedu senge cocaine kana doro kana fodya, nepo ichangopfuura, yakasimba kwazvo.
Chibvumirano chakanonoka kubuda muchikamu nekuda kwenyaya yakawandisa. Vafambisirwo vakapindwa muropa netsika vakave vasingadi kushandisa "kupindwa muropa" sechiratidzo chemaitiro asingabatanidzi zvinhu zvemakemikari, zvinonzwisisika kudaro nekuti tsika yedu yekurapa inowanzoisa zvinhu zvakawanda pasi pezita rekuti "kupindwa muropa." Isu tese takatenderedza maziso edu apo varume vane mukurumbira vakapfurwa ne #MeToo vakapomera "hukadzi hwepabonde" uye tavazivisa chinangwa chavo chekuenda kunogadzirisa, uye tanga takadaro.
Asi tsika yedu yekuda kuisa marudzi ese ezvekuita maitiro pasi pechiratidzo chekupinda muropa ("kupindwa muropa nekutengesa"!) Hachisi chinhu chakafanana nesainzi yekupindwa muropa, uye kufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi hwekufungidzira kweuropi kwakasimudza zviyero mukutarisira iko kupindwa muropa. chirwere cheuropi, kwete chirwere chemakemikari.
A landmark 2016 pepa naNora D. Volkow, director weNational Institute on Drug Abuse, naGeorge F. Koob, director weNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, mune iyo New England Journal of Medicine, yakaenda pamusoro petsva nehunyanzvi hwekufunga nezveuropi uye ndokupedzisira kuti inotsigira "chirwere chehuropi chirwere chekupindwa muropa." Tsanangudzo yesayenzi yekupindwa muropa iri kuchinjira kune imwe inotarisa pane zvimwe zvinhu zviri kuitika mukati mepfungwa zvichiita kuti vanhu varatidze mamwe maitiro. zvinopesana nekuti murwere anokandirwa pane imwe kemikari yemakemikari.
Online porn inokodzera iyi modeli. Zvishoma nezvishoma, humbowo hwave kuerera, uye zvinotaridzika, nekuwedzeredza: porno inoita zvinhu zvimwechetezvo kuhuropi hwedu seyakapindwa muropa nezvinhu.
Chidzidzo che 2011 pane zvakamboitika zvoga zvataurwa zvevarume makumi mapfumbamwe nemapfumbamwe zvakawanikwa "zvakafanana pakati pekuziva uye uropi zvirongwa zvinobatsira kuchengetedza cybersex yakawandisa uye iyo inotsanangurwa kune vanhu vane kutsamira kwezvinodhaka." A 2014 Cambridge University kudzidza yakatarisa pfungwa dzevanhu kuburikidza nemuchina weMRI; Valerie Voon, munyori anotungamira muchidzidzo, muchidimbu saka zvakawanikwa zvichinzi: "Pane misiyano yakajeka muzviitiko zvehuropi pakati pevarwere vanomanikidza kubata zvepabonde nevazvipiri vane hutano."
Kumwe kudzidza kweCambridge University gore rimwe chetero, panguva ino tichienzanisa mhinduro dzekupindwa muropa nezvinopedza bvunzo nezvepfungwa dzakajairika, zvakawanikwa kuti "vhidhiyo inoratidza zvepabonde yakabatana nebasa rakakura mu neural network yakafanana neinoonekwa mune zvinodhaka-cue-reactivity zvidzidzo." ese euroscience zvidzidzo pamsoro uyu anowana mhedzisiro imwe chete: kushandisa online zvinonyadzisira kunoita zvinhu zvimwechetezvo kuzvipfungwa zvedu sekupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka.
Asi usatore izwi rangu pachiri. Masayendisiti vakaita ongororo dzakawanda dzeinyorwa. Imwechete wongororo iyo yandiri kuziva, kubva 2014, inopokana pfungwa yekupinda muropa porno kupindwa muropa; ndiyo yega ongororo isingatarise muuropi uye uropi-tarisa zvidzidzo, uye inosanganisa zvidzidzo kubva pamberi peChe Tube nguva uye shure. Zvichakadaro, kunyatsoongororwa kwe 2015 yeiyo neuroscience zvinyorwa pa internet zvinonyadzisira zvakawonekwa kuti "kutsvagurudzo yesayenzi inotsigira fungidziro yekuti kutsanangurwa kwenyonganiso (yekupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira paInternet) kwakafanana nekupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka" uye kuti "kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira zvepaInternet kunoenderana nehurongwa hwekupindwa muropa uye kunogovana nenzira dzakadai dzedzidziso kupindwa muropa. . ” Imwe yongororo ye 2015 vakawana kuti "Zvidzidzo zveNeuroimaging zvinotsigira fungidziro yehukama hwakajeka pakati pekupindwa muropa nemhepo uye kumwe kupindwa muropa kwemaitiro pamwe nekuvimba kwezvinhu." A 2018 kudzokorora akawana chinhu chimwe chete:
Nguva pfupi yadarika neurobiological zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti maitiro ekumanikidza ekuita zvepabonde anosanganiswa nekushandurwa kwekugadziriswa kwezvinhu zvepabonde uye mutsauko muhuropi hwekushanda uye basa. . . . data riripo rinoratidza kuti nhumbu dzakavanzika dzinogovana nevamwe pamwe nezvimwe zvinowedzera sekushandiswa kwezvinodhaka uye dambudziko rekubhejera.
Muna Ndira 2019, timu yevaongorori rakaburitsa bepa zvakananga zvakanzi "Kupindwa muropa kweInternet Kupindwa muropa: Zvatinoziva uye Zvatisingaite-Ongororo Yehurongwa" iyo yakazopedzisa, "sekuziva kwedu, zvidzidzo zvinoverengeka zvinotsigira (kushandisa zvinetso zvinonyadzisira zvepamhepo) kupindwa muropa." zvakaoma kudaidza ichi chero chinhu asi chiratidzo chakawandisa.
Zvidzidzo izvi zvakaitwa munyika dzakawanda, uye vachishandisa nzira dzakasiyana siyana, kubva mukufunga-neuro kuzviisa kumafizisheni uye, kune akasiyana madhigirii, vese vanotaura zvakafanana.
Zvakanaka, unogona kupindura, online kupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka kungave kuri chinhu chaicho, asi zvinoreva here kuti tinoda kubuda? Kupfuura zvese, kuputa fodya uye heroin zvinokuuraya, kupindwa muropa kwechivanhu kuchanyungudika huropi hwako, kupindwa muropa nedoro kuchakuvadza zvakanyanya muhupenyu hwako-uchienzaniswa neiko, kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira kunogona kuva kwakashata?
Mhinduro, inochinja, ndeiyi: zvakanaka zvakaipa.
Ngatitangei ne izvo isu tese zvatinoziva nezve kupindwa muropa: unoda kwakawanda uye zvakanyanya mushonga wako kuti uwedzere kushoma uye kuderera kwekutamba; uku ndiko kutenderera kunoita kupindwa muropa nekuparadza. Chikonzero cheichi ndechekuti kupindwa muropa kunongo dzokorora kutenderera kwehuropi hwedu.
Kana nzvimbo yekubhadhara yeuropi hwedu yakamiswa, inoburitsa makemikari anotiita kuti tinzwe zvakanaka. Kunyanya dopamine, sezvatakaona, uye zvakare mapuroteni anonzi DeltaFosB. Basa rayo ndere kusimbisa iyo neural nzira iyo dopamine inofamba, kudzamisa neural kubatana pakati pebuzz yatinowana uye chero chatiri kuita kana kusangana nacho kana tachiwana. DeltaFosB yakakosha pakudzidza hunyanzvi hutsva: kana ukaramba uchidzidzira gorofu kusvetukira kusvikira iwe wagadzirira, unonzwa kuputika kwemufaro- ndiyo dopamine-, nepo kuburitswa kunoenderana neDeltaFosB kunobatsira pfungwa dzako kurangarira kuzviita zvekare. Iyo hurongwa hwakangwara zvikuru.
Asi DeltaFosB inewo basa rekuita kuti kupindwa muropa kuvepo. Vakapindwa muropa nemishonga inomutsa iwo maseru enzwa akagadziridzwa panguva yekuita bonde, ndicho chikonzero nei tichifadzwa navo. Asi isu tinopindwa muropa ivo DeltaFosB, zvakanyanya, ikagadzirisa huropi mubairo wehuropi system, pakutanga yakanyorwa kutiita isu kutsvaga zvepabonde (uye chikafu), kuzviita kuti vatsvage kemikari iyoyo. Ichi chikonzero nei kupindwa muropa kune simba zvikuru: kukurudzira kwemunhu akapindwa muropa ndiyo shungu yedu yekushanduka-shanduka, yakabiwa. Uye sezvo online zvinonyadzisira kukurudzira zvepabonde kutanga, isu tese tinofungidzirwa, uye zvinotora zvishoma kushoma kubhadharowa kuti yekushandisa kukonzera kupindwa muropa.
Sezvatichaona, chinhu ichi cheurobiological cheuropi hwedu chine zvikonzero zvinosvika kure pamhedzisiro yekupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira patiri: pane zvepabonde, pahukama hwedu, uye kunyange munharaunda zvakakura.
Zvinonyadzisira Zvinouraya Urume hwebonde chaihwo
Zvinonyadzisira zvinomutsa bonde, asi hazvisi zvepabonde. Nehunyanzvi, vanopindwa muropa neheroin vanopedzisira varega kufarira zvebonde. Nenzira imwecheteyo, sezvatinodya zvakawandisa uye zvinonyadzisira, izvo zvatinofanirwa kunge tiri vakapindwa muropa uye isu tichida kuwana mukohwo mumwechete, uropi hwedu hunogadziridzwa kuitira kuti izvo zvinokonzeresa mubhadharo system iyo inofanirwa kunge yakabatana nebonde. isingachabatanidzwi nebonde — kumunhu ari munyama, kubata, kutsvoda, kutsvodana — asi kuita zvinonyadzisira.
Ndokusaka tiri kupupurira chiitiko icho, sezvakanaka chero munhu angaudza, hazvisati zvamboitika munhoroondo yese yevanhu: dambudziko rekusingaperi erectile dysfunction (ED) pakati pevanhu vari pasi pe40. Uchapupu huri kuputsa pasi: kubvira Kinsey Chirevo kuma 1940s, zvidzidzo zvakawana zvakaenzana, zvakagadzikana zvehurefu hweEU: isingasviki 1 muzana pakati pevarume vadiki pane makumi matatu, asingasviki 30 muzana mune varume vane makore makumi matatu nematatu kusvika makumi mashanu.
Nezvekunyora uku, dzinenge gumi zvidzidzo zvakaburitswa kubvira 2010 dzinoshuma kukwirira kukuru muEU. Nhamba dzeEC pakati pevanhurume vari pasi pemakumi mana kubva pazvikamu gumi nezvina kusvika makumi matatu nezvitanhatu kubva muzana, uye manhamba ezvematanho okusununguka kubva pamakumi gumi nematatu kusvika makumi matatu kubva muzana. Hapana musiyano wakanangana nehudiki ED wakachinja zvine mutsindo kubva ipapo, kunze kweiyo imwechete: kuuya kwevhidhiyo pavhidhiyo porn muna 40. Zvakakodzera kudzokorora: takaenda kubva pasi pegumi muzana rekushaikwa kweerectile mune majaya kusvika 14 kusvika 37 muzana, kuwedzera kwemirairo yakati wandei.
Pamaforamu maforamu azere nemishumo yekushungurudzika kubva kuvarume vechidiki nezve ED. Nhau inoshungurudza yakajairika eerily: murume wechidiki ane yake yekutanga yekuita zvepabonde; musikana wake anoda, anomuda kana kuti anokwezva kwaari, asi anozviwana haangakwanise kuriritira erection (kunyangwe iye achinyatsogona kuchengeta imwe kana achiona porn). Vazhinji vazhinji vanotaura shanduro yakapfava yedambudziko rimwe chete: panguva yekurara nemusikana wavo, ivo vanofanirwa kuona mafirimu ezvinonyadzisira mumisoro yavo kuti vararise kurongeka kwavo. Ivo havasi kufungidzira nezvechimwe chinhu chavanofarira zvimwe: ivo vanoda kuve varipo, vanoda kumutswa nekunhuhwirira kwemukadzi chaiye uye kubata. Ivo vanonyatsonzwisisa kuti kusanzwisisa sei kunakirwa nekutsiva pane icho chinhu chaicho, uye zvinovashungurudza. Vamwe vanofanirwa kuisa zvinonyadzisira pamashure kuitira kuti vakwanise kurara nevasikana vavo (uye, zvinoshamisa kuti, shamwari dzevasikana dzinobvuma izvi).
Fred Wilson, mubatsiri weinternet uye mutungamiriri anofunga, achitaura nezvenyaya dzezvekupusa nezvehunyanzvi hutsva, akambotaura kuti kunongova nemhando mbiri chete dzevanhu: avo vakatanga kuwana internet mushure mekurasikirwa nehumhandara hwavo, uye nevaya ndakazviwana zvisati zvaitika. Mhuri yangu yakawana iyo internet mukupedzisira '90s pandakanga ndiri makore gumi nemaviri, uye saka ndiri weboka rekupedzisira, uye zvakadaro ndinonzwa saSekuru Simpson pandinoverenga izvo zvipupuriro uye ndichizvienzanisa nezvangu zvekutanga zvepabonde zviitiko (izvo zvaive, ndinokuvimbisa iwe, hazvikundiki). Uyezve, kumashure muzuva rangu, mota dzakawana tsvimbo makumi mana kuenda pahudyu, uye zvinonyadzisira zvepamhepo zvaireva magumo ezvinyorwa zvemagetsi zvinongedzo uye dzakaputsika injini dzekutsvaga dzakabatana nekufa, mifananidzo inononoka-kutakura, vhidhiyo pfupi zvawaifanira kutora, zvichishungurudza paywall inochengetedza "zvakanaka zvinhu ”- kwete Tube masayiti ane risingaperi, nekukurumidza, kutenderera, yakakwirira-tsanangudzo vhidhiyo, 40/24, muhomwe yako, yemahara, inotungamirwa nemasimba algorithms yakagadzirwa nemasayendisiti edatha kuwedzera basa revashandisi.
Fungidzira kuti takazoona kuti mamwe mabhakitiriya aikonzera ED kusvetuka kubva muzana kubva pazvikamu gumi nezvina kusvika gumi nezvitanhatu kubva muzana - kwaizove nekutyisidzira kwenyika, nhepfenyuro dzenhau dzaizoenda kumadziro, Khongiresi yaizove inomirira nyaya zuva rega rega, nyika nehurumende. vachuchisi vangave pakuvhima vanopara mhosva kuita Mueller uye Starr kuongororwa kuite senge kuongororwa kwevatengi kuAmazon. Pamwe chete, isu takatora zvakakomba mukana unotyisa wekuti chero chinhu chinogona kukonzera chinhu chakadai chakasungirwa kuve nezvimwe, zvingangove zvakakomba, hutano hwevanhu nehupenyu hwemagariro.
Gore rapera, an article in The Atlantic yakaenda kuhutachiona mushure mekunge yakwidza "kudzikama kwepabonde" pakati pevechidiki. Vechidiki vari kungoita zvepabonde zvishoma uye zvishoma. Munyori, Kate Julian, akaona kuti chiitiko ichi hachisi chekuUnited States chete asi chiri kuitika kumadokero - gurukota rezvehutano reSweden rakadana kuderera kwezvepabonde (kunyangwe Sweden iri kuita zvepabonde zvishoma!) "Chinetso chezvematongerwo enyika," muchidimbu inoisa panjodzi isingakanganisi kubereka kwenyika.
Julian akacherechedzawo kuti Japan yakambotungamira, ichipinda mumugariro wayo wepamberi-uye kuti iri zvakare "pakati pevanogadzira zvepamusoro vatengi nevatengi vezvinonyadzisira, uye muvambi wemarudzi matsva ezvese zvinonyadzisira" uye "mutungamiri wepasi rose mukugadzira "-Kumupa chikwereti, akanyatsotarisa muzvinhu zvinonyadzisira sechinhu chingaite kuti hupombwe huwedzere, asi hapana kana imwe yedzidziso yakazotevera pachidimbu chandinoyeuka kuverenga kuverenga chakakurudzira chikonzero ichi."
Zvino, anochengetwa seni anogona kufunga kuti vanhu vadiki vanoita zvepabonde shoma vanogona kunge vasiri chinhu chakashata! Uye ichokwadi kuti munguva imwechete iyoyo, ma pathologies akadai sepamuviri kwevechidiki nevechidiki STD aderera. Kunze kwekunge chero izvo zvinokonzeresa, ndinofunga tinogona kudzivirira zvakachengeteka kumutsidzira kwechitendero kana kukurumidza kukwira kwetsika dzechivanhu. Chero zvatingatenda varume fanira do nezvido zvavo zvebonde, kana varume vadiki vane hutano vasiri kuita zvepabonde zvachose muhuwandu hukuru, zvisati zvamboitika, izvo zvirokwazvo chiratidzo chechinhu chisina kunaka nehutano hwavo.
Kurwisana neBongo
Pamwe vanhu vadiki havasi kuita zvepabonde nekuti varume havakwanisi kusimudza. Kana kuti pamwe ndeyekuti vakadzi havadi kuvata nevarume vanogona kuzviita, asi huro hwavo hwakashatiswa ne porn.
Nekuti porn inobvisa uropi. Iyo yekutanga michina yekupinda muropa ye porn, iwe uchayeuka, ndeyekuti patinoona porn, tinowana jolt ye dopamine, uye patinoita, tinowana yekutevera dhivha yeDeltaFosB inodzosera uropi hwedu kubatanidza chishuwo chebonde ne porn. Asi kwete kungoona zvinonyadzisira. Kune iyo porn tinotarisa.
Rangarira Icho Chidimbu Chekuita: chinhu chinokonzeresa mafashama ezvechokwadi chedopamine uye chinoita kuti online zvionekwe "superstimulus" iyo inopwanya uropi hwedu, zvakasiyana naUncle Ted's. Playboy kuunganidza, chinhu chitsva.
Kunge zvese zvinopinda muropa, online online porn inodzikira kudzoka. Tinoda zvimwe. Tinoda itsva. Uye iyo nzira iri nyore yekuitora, kunyanya paS Tube nzvimbo, iyo, seYouTube neNetflix, "zvinobatsira" kupa mazano kwakakomberedza vhidhiyo iwe yaunoona, inogadzirwa nemaalgorithms akagadzirirwa kuchengetedza vanotarisa vachiwedzerwa uye kudzoka-imhando itsva. Kungobaya hako. Uye kune akawanda asingagumi.
Muna 2014, vatsvage paMax Planck Institute vakashandisa fMRI kutarisa huturu hwevashandisi vanoita zvinonyadzisira. Vakawana kuti kushandisa zvinonyadzisira kwakawanda kwakabatana nezvinhu zvakatsvukira mugadziriro yemubhadharo, uye mubayiro wakaderera wekutenderera uchitarisa mafoto ezvepabonde-mune mamwe mazwi, vanoita zvinonyadzisira vaisuwa. "Saka tinofunga kuti zvidzidzo zvine hunyanzvi hwekushandisa zvinonyadzisira zvinoda kukurudzira zvakanyanya kuti zviwane mubairo mumwe chete," vanyori vakanyora.
imwe ongororo, ino nguva kubva kuYunivhesiti yeCambridge muna 2015, yaishandisawo fMRI, ino nguva yekufananidza uropi hwekupindwa muropa nevarume vane hutano. Sezvineiwo mupepanhau vakaisa, vatsvagiri vakaona kuti "ivo vapombwe pavakatarisa mufananidzo mumwechete wepabonde, vachienzanisa nevanozvipira vane hutano vakawana kuderera kwebasa mudunhu rehuropi rinozivikanwa se dorsal anterior cingate cortex, inozivikanwa kuti inobatanidzwa kutarisira mibayiro uye kupindura kuzviitiko zvitsva. Izvi zvinoenderana 'nekugara', uko munhu anopindwa muropa achiwana kukurudzira kwakanyanya uye kuchine mubayiro. ”
Asi hazvisi chete vakapindwa muropa zvepabonde vanoratidza maitiro aya. Kana varwere vane hutano vakaramba vachiratidzwa vidiyo yemavhidhiyo, ivo vakawedzera kudzikiswa; asi, "kana vobva vaona vhidhiyo nyowani, iyo nhanho yekufarira uye inomutsa inodzokera kune yekutanga nhanho." Mune mamwe mazwi, hazvitore zvakawanda kuti michina yekupinda muropa ichipinda, sezvo isu tatove takafanirwa. kutsvaga kukurudzira kwebonde.
Pfungwa iripo ndeyechirwere hachingotiite kuti tide chaizvo, chinoita kuti isu tide utsva. Uye rudzii rwezvinhu zvisina kujairika, zvakananga? Empirally, hazvisi chete ani rudzi rwechienzi. Mukuita, izvo zvinonyanya kukonzera iyo Coolidge Effect ndiyo inobereka kushamisika, kana kuvhunduka. Mune mamwe mazwi, semvura inoyerera ichidzika, isu tinokweverwa kune porn iyo iri kuramba ichikomberedza - kunyanya, nechisimba uye inoshatisa.
Iyo Inoshatisa Shock Dhivha yeWhispanish
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, mudikani Ryan Creamer akazoita hutachiona pamhepo achinzwa kuti aive agadzira chiteshi paHolHHub, sainzi "YouTube yeiyo porno" yepasi rese, paakatumira, se Buzzfeed nenzira yakakodzera akarondedzera, "Zvine mavhidhiyo zvakanaka uye zvinosimudzira." Mavhidhiyo aCreamer anonzi G-piritsi anotora mifananidzo yepamhepo paInternet, achimuratidza kuti anonakidzwa naNed Flanders, aine mazita akadai "Ini ndakakukumbira uye uti ndakava nenguva yakanaka nhasi manheru" uye "POV TOEHEAD." KISS KUSANGANA ”(" POV "inomirira" maonero, "kana mavhidhiyo anotorwa kubva pamaonero emunhu wekutanga; zvinyorwa zvinowedzera paInternet porn porn rudzi, imwe data danho kuratidza nzvimbo yakapararira: kunyange vhidhiyo nyowani haina zvakakwana zvinyowani, tinoda kukurumidza-akacheka montages).
Hapana mumwe weakataura akaratidzira izvo zvairi pachena: kudzvanya kwake kwakabata kufungidzira kwevanhu nenzira kwayo nekuti dzinenge dzese dze PornHub-izvo zvakagadziriswa nevanoziva vanoona vataridzi vayo - haisi kungoona zvinonyadzisira mune imwe pfungwa isinganzwisisike, asi yakashata, inotyisa, uye inoshatisa.
Imwe yemavhidhiyo aCreamer akanzi "Ini, Mukoma Wako, Ndorega Mafambiro Ako Asi Ndichifararira Zvisinei"; gore rapera, Esquire Zvinonzi) "iyo" incest ndiyo inokurumidza kukurumidza kuitika muhupombwe. "(Tube masayiti anodzivisa mavhidhiyo anoreva zvakajeka nezvehukama, asi achiri akazara nemavhidhiyo ane" nhanho "uye" vanababa "uye" hafu-hama "izvo munhu wese anonzwisisa zvinoreva. "Vanababa," "amai," uye "hama.")
Imwe mhando iri kuwedzera yakakurumbira inonzi "inopesana" porn, izvo zvinowanzo kureva rudzi rwakati rwekupokana: varume vatema nevakadzi vatema. Rudzi rwacho rwusingadzivisike rwakavakirwa pamadzinza akashata uye mifananidzo. Uye zvinonyadzisira porn haingori chete yave ichiwedzera kuve yakakurumbira, uye ichinyanyisa kukonzeresa vakadzi, asi zvakanyanya rusaruro. Sevanyori vanochengetedza vano pokana naTrump muna 2016 vakaziva kubva mukutaura kwavo kweTwitter, rudzi ruchangobva kuzivikanwa "kukwikwidza", izvo zvinosanganisira murume chena achiona mukadzi wake kana musikana waanoita zvepabonde nemurume mutema (kana vanoverengeka). Kana main media media vanoburitsa cherekedza icho chiitiko, inotorwa seuchapupu hwevachena veAmerica 'rusaruro rwakadzama. Hapana mubvunzo kuti akaviga maitiro emadzinza anofanira kutamba basa, asi funga maitiro acho; kana rusununguko rwakavanzika ndirwo rwunonyanya kukonzera, nei rusaruraganda rwechihure ruchangoerekana rwuputika mukuzivikanwa nepo kuwongorora kwakawanda kuchiti mafungiro emadzinza ari kuita akasimba kana zvishoma nezvishoma kugadzirisa? Kana iwe uchiramba uchifunga nezvekuzivikanwa kamwe kamwe kwekuita zvepabonde porn, iyo fungidziro yekuti yakapararira desensitization nekuda kwekupindwa muropa iyo iri kukonzera kukwira inova inonyanya kutsanangurwa.
Zvakakodzera kumbomira kuti ucherechedze kusabvumirana kunofambiswa pakati pezvatinotaura nezvatinoziva isu zvese zviri kuitika. Pakutanga gore rino, nyika yakapinda munyatwa yekutya payakawanikwa gavhuna weVirginia akambopfeka hembe nhema sechikamu chechipfeko semudzidzi wekurapa; Zvichakadaro, kune yakajairika uye inokurumidza mhando rudzi rwevaraidzo inoita kuti minstrel inoratidzika senge rudzi rwekunzwisiswa kwemarudzi, uye hapana anoda kutaura nezvazvo.
Kuvhundutsa ndiko kunonyanya kukonzera iyo Coolidge Effect, uye kupunzika kunokatyamadza, nekududzirwa; iyo mhinduro yePavlovian yekushamisika uye kushamisika kubva kune yedu-senge mubairo system. Dai isu taive takadzama munharaunda yekuzvipikisa kurwisa matafura ekunyungudutsa, tafura-ichinyungudika porn inongoerekana yave kuputika mukuzivikanwa. Panzvimbo iyoyo, isu tine yakadzika yemagariro marobhoti kupesana nehukomba, rusaruraganda. . . chisimba chinoitirwa vakadzi.
Kuwedzera Wekumusoro
Kink dot com ndeimwe yemhando yepamusoro mune zvinonyadzisira. Iyo studio yeunyanzvi ndiyo yakanyanya fetishes inoenderana BDSM. Yayo trajectory iri kuudza. Nzvimbo iyi yakavambwa munzira dzese dzakasviba yeInternet, muna 1997. Sado-masochism kunge hupombwe yakachembera kunge murume, hongu-mudetembi wechiRoma wezana ramakore rechipiri Juvenal anozvinyomba mune yake Zvigaro, Semuyenzaniso. Asi, sezvakanakisa sezvatinogona kutaurira, sekufambisa kwakawanda kwave kuchingodaidza kushoma kudiki munhoroondo yevanhu. Uye zvechokwadi, Kink akashandisa iri nani chikamu chegumi chemakore ekutanga muhupenyu achinyungudika kunze kwekuona, bhizinesi diki-rinozivikanwa diki richishandira niche yake.
Zvadaro, imwe nguva pakati-kusvika-kunopera 2000s, nzvimbo yacho yakaputika mumukurumbira, kusvika padanho rekuve pedyo neyakaitika tsika seyo porno saiti inogona kunge iri. Iwe unogona kutsvaga kukura kwayo kamwe kamwe mukuzivikanwa-uye kufarirwa kwakanyanya. Muna 2007, iyo New York Times Magazini yakashatisa kambani. Muna2009, yakagamuchira mubairo wayo wekutanga wevakuru weindasitiri. Muna 2013, mutambi weHollywood James Franco akaburitsa zvakanyorwa nezvekambani.
Mugore rimwe chete iro, munyori Emily Witt akanyora refu, achifungisisa wekutanga-munhu nyaya yemagazini inofambira mberi inonzvera n + 1 pane zvepabonde zvemazuva ano. Kune chirevo chake, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, akaenda kunopfurwa ye "Ruzhinji Kusvibisa," imwe ye "nzira" dzaKink dzinoratidzira, sekutaura kwaro tag, "vakadzi vakasungwa, vakabviswa, uye vakarangwa pachena." Mafirimu anoitika munzvimbo dzeruzhinji. kunge mabara kana zvitoro zvinotengeswa nekambani pachiitiko ichi, uye vanhu vavasingazive mumugwagwa vanokokwa kuti vaite zvepabonde kune "akasungwa, akapfekerwa" mutambi.
Kink yakawedzera uye kuwedzera kukura kuti ifanane nekubudirira kwayo kamwe kamwe, kuenda kubva kune mashoma mashanji kune, sekunyorwa kwekunyora uku, 78, uye kuunza runyorwa rwecokoputa (akawanda kunyanyisa, zvakasikwa) Ipo zvigadzirwa zvekambani zvePR zvichizvikudza zvechikadzi, semuenzanisi, zvichikonesa kuona zvebonde, zvingaite zvese zvemukati zvirimo zvinoratidza varume vanosvibisa vakadzi kwete imwe nzira yakatenderedza.
Kink kusimuka kubva niche kuenda kuMarquee kunoitika kungoenderana nekuuya kweS Tube nzvimbo muna 2006, izvo zvinoshanda zvakasarudzika pakukonzera iyo Coolidge athari uye kushandura zvinonyadzisira zvepabonde kuita michina isinganzwisisiki yekutsvaga. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti, kunyange ichikwezva kune chaungadaidza kuti "light kink" - -pinkffy pink handcuffs, Rhinestone-yakavharwa meso, yakavharwa kumeso, mhando iyoyo yezvinhu - yave kungofamba-famba mutsika yedu yakakurumbira kwemakumi emakore, uye saka imwe vhezheni ichi chave chikamu chezvinonyadzisira zvemazera, Kink ndicho chaicho chinyorwa. Hakusi kungoita. Vakadzi vanotemwa uye vanorohwa kusvikira vapwanywa uye vatsvuku. Kwete chete kuti bonde rinozviita rakanyanyisa (iwe unoritumidza zita, riripo), asi zviitiko zvakanyorwa zvakatenderedza kwepfungwa uye yekufananidzira, kwete kungoita muviri, kushatiswa kwemukadzi. Fifty Shades weGrey ndeKink seye Hitchcock firimu ndeye snuff firimu.
Kana mafirimu aine nyaya, anogona kupfupikiswa neshoko rimwe: kubatwa chibharo. Kana mazwi maviri: kubatwa chibharo kweutsinye. Chinhu chimwe chete kumutswa nechinhu chinosiririsa apo sub (sekushandiswa kwehunyanzvi kuenda) inoratidzwa pachena nekunakirwa nekurapwa; ndechimwezve kumutswa nekuona mukadzi achipopota achirwadziwa uye kupererwa sezvo achibatwa pasi uye kubatwa chibharo.
Imwe nhevedzano yemavhidhiyo eKink ndeye pane inotevera pfungwa: iyo pornstar iri yoga mukamuri nevarume vanoverengeka; director vanomutsanangurira (uye isu tinotarisa) izvozvo if anogona kubuda mukamuri, anowana mari; yechinhu chimwe nechimwe chezvipfeko chaachine pakupedzisira pane chiitiko, anowana mari; pachiitwa chega chega chebonde chinoitwa nemumwe wevarume vacho paari, anowana mari obva arasikirwa nemari. Mumwe anofanirwa kuvapa rudzi rwedhiyabhorosi hwehungwaru. Mukadzi kwazvo zvinopesana; varume kwazvo vanozvimanikidza nesimba. Zvirokwazvo, "akabvuma" kune icho chose chinhu, icho, neimwe nzira, chinoita kuti zvive pamutemo.
Kink muenzaniso unoratidzira nekuda kwekutarisa kwayo kunyanya kushatiswa, uye nekukurumidza, kusingachinjiki, husiku kusvetuka kubva kune inozivikanwa-nzvimbo niche nzvimbo kune imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa midhiya mhando dzemhando ipi neipi papasi, iko mushure mekunge nzvimbo dzeS Tube dzakabuda. Asi chakakosha chiitiko ndechekuti zvakaringana zvose zvinonyadzisira, zvakanyanya kusanganisira iyo "vanilla zvinhu," yakawedzera zvakanyanya, uye zvakanyanya chisimba, uye zvakanyanya kushata uye kushatisa kune vakadzi. Ah, zvinonyadzisira zvisiri zvezvechokwadi zvichiripo, kana uchigona kuzviwana. Izvo zvaimboshandiswa kuve musimboti manje niche, uye zvinopesana.
Ndinoda kunyatso buritsa izvi kuitira kuti zvandiri kutaura zvisanzwisiswe. Chero zvikonzero zvipi nezvipi, fungidziro dzechirume dzakatenderedza kushushikana kwemunhukadzi, kutenderera kwesimba, kumanikidzwa, uye kutonga, zvakangoita sehupenyu pachako (sezvazvakaita fungidziro dzevakadzi pane idzi tema. Mhando dzezvinonyadzisira, uye nekunyepedzera zvepabonde zvakapamhama, zvinoitika munzvimbo dzegrey, kunyange nzvimbo dzasviba dzeruvara, yekubvuma kwemukadzi kuita zvepabonde, vagara vari pedyo uye vagara vaine mukurumbira. Iko kuyedza kutarisa kune chimwe chinhu saKink, uye kuwanda kwehuwandu mukusvibisa zvinonyadzisira, sekungori kumwe kuratidzwa kweiyo tsika yekare yekuzvarwa, uye kwete chimwe chinhu chitsva. Asi ichi hachisi chokwadi.
Nhoroondo, kufungidzira kwepabonde kwaisanganisira imwe nhanho yekumanikidza kunogona kunge kwakamutsa varume vazhinji, asi varume avo vakagumburwa nekubatwa chibharo uye kushungurudzwa kwoutsinye. Iyo poindi haisi yeku "chengetedza" yekare kana kuramba kuti inomiririra chimwe chinhu chakasviba uye chinotongwa mumweya wemunhu — chokwadi chavanoita. Pfungwa ndeyekungotaura izvozvo chimwe chinhu zvachinja, zvakadzama, zvinoshamisa, uye zvinoita sekunge usiku.
Isu tinoudzwa kuti zviwanikwa zvebonde zvevanhu zvakapeteka-kubva kubva pakuzvarwa kana kuti zvimwe kubva pazviitiko zveudiki, asi sainzi inoti inogona uye inogona kuchinja. In kuedza kwakakurumbira, vaongorori vakapfira makonzo echikadzi — ehe, zvakare, nemunhuwi wemuviri weufi, iwo mabara anotiza kubva, uye akaunza mhandara dzechirume. Makonzo echirume anoenderana neechikadzi zvakadaro, kusvika zvino, zvakadaro mamalia. Asi, zvine utsinye, iwo iwo iwo iwo mabheki ehurume iwo akazogadzikwa mukaraini nematoyi akasiyana siyana, vakasarudza kutamba neiwo ainhuhwirira senge kufa. Iyo yekumutsidzira yebonde yaive yaswedza yavo mubayiro system. In ongororo yesainzi yevanoshandisa online zvinonyadzisira muBelgium, 49 muzana "vanombotaura dzimwe nguva vachitsvaga zvepabonde kana kuita [zvepabonde zvepamhepo zvepabonde] izvo zvisina kumbovafadza kana kuti zvavaiona sekushatisa."
Paunenge uchinge wapindwa muropa neInternet porn, chinhu chinopa yakanyanya dopamine jolt ndicho chero chinonyanya kushamisa. Uye mubairo wekutenderera unoreva kuti unoda dopamine yakakura yekuwedzera nguva dzese-chinhu chitsva, chinotyisa. Uye nguva yega yega, DeltaFosB inodzokorora huropi hwako, nekugadzira uye kusimbisa iyo Pavlovian mashandisiro ayo iwe unokwezva kune ayo mifananidzo inotyisa, uye mukuita kurasa nzira neural nzira dzinobatanidza yakajairwa bonde-iwe unoziva, hainzwisise, isiri incestuous-kune nzvimbo yekupa mubayiro.
Nehutsinye, izvi zvinopidigura nhoroondo iripo pakurarama kwezvehupombwe pakubata kwedu zvepabonde. Izvi zvinoti dambudziko chete nerekutsauka kuona zvinonyadzisira vataridzi vanofunga "zvakajairika," uye nekudaro, chero ivo vakadzidziswa kuti hazvisi, vanogona kunakidzwa nekufungidzira kwavo pasina kukuvadza ivo kana vavakaroorana navo. Zvingave zvirinani dai zvakadaro, asi humbowo hunoratidza kuti izvi zvakafa zvisizvo. Vanodhakwa havamwi vachinwiwa kusvika paguva rekutanga nekuti neimwe nzira havana kuziviswa chokwadi nezvengozi yekunwa-chokwadi, ivo vanonyatsoziva, uye nyadzi dzinokonzerwa iyi inyaya yekutanga kurumwa.
Porn inoshanda pane imwecheteyo yakakosha nhanho, iyo nhanho yehuremu hwedu, rat-like, mubayiro centre, chikamu cheuropi hwedu chakakudzwa nemamiriyoni emakore ekushanduka-shanduka kuva tsime rezvido zvedu zvine simba. Zvinonyadzisira hazvichinje zvatinofunga, pamwe kwete zvakananga, zvinochinja izvo isu ronda.
Kuchinja Izvo Chatinoda
Muna 2007, vaviri vaongorori vakaedza kuita muyedzo, wekutanga vasina kuwirirana ne porn, vachidzidza zvekurara nevanhukadzi muhurume. Vakaedza kuita kuti vafare muzvidzidzo nekuvaratidza vhidhiyo porn, asi vakamhanyira kune (kwavari) dambudziko rekushamisika: hafu yevarume, avo vaive nemakore makumi matatu nematanhatu paavhareji, havana kugona kumutswa. Vanotsvagisa vakatsvaga vakazoona dambudziko: vaivaratidza zvechinyakare porn-ivo vaitsvaga vanofungidzira kuti vaive vakura uye vasinganyanye kudiwa internet pane vavanoshandisa.
"Kukurukurirana nezvinyorwa zvakasimbisa pfungwa yedu kuti mune mamwe acho kuratidzira zvakanyanya kune erotica kwaiita sekukonzera kuderera kweiyo 'vanilla zvepabonde' erotica uye kudiwa kwekuwedzera kwechinangwa uye kusiyanisa, mune zvimwe zviitiko zvakasanganiswa nekudiwa kwazvo mhando dzekurudzira kuti vamuke, " vakanyora.
Zvinoshamisa kuti, porn inogona kutokanganisa hunhu hwedu hwepabonde. Chidzidzo che 2016 vakawana kuti "varume vazhinji vaiona zvinonyadzisira (SEM) zvemukati zvisingaenderani nekwavo zvakataurwa zvebonde. Izvo zvaive zvisiri kujairika kuti varume vanochata-vatarise varume kuti vataure kuona SEM ine varume vakafanana pabonde (20.7 muzana) uye nevarume vanozivikanwa ngochani kuti vataure vanoona ungochani maitiro muSEM (55.0 muzana). "Zvichakadaro, mune yaro "Gore ra2018 Kudzokorora," PornHub yakafumura kuti "kufarira 'trans' (aka transgender) porn yakawana mikana yakakosha muna 2018, kunyanya nekuwedzera kwegumi nematanhatu kubva muzana kutsvakirwi nevarume uye vanopfuura mazana maviri muzana nevashanyi vane makore anopfuura makumi mana (vachiva chiratidzo chechishanu chakatsvaga nevaya vane makore makumi mana kusvika makumi mana nemasere). "
Kana chinhu ichi chikave chakurukurwa zvachose, nhoroondo iripo ndeyekuti varume ava vanomanikidzwa uye vanowana yavo "yechokwadi" yekuita zvepabonde kuburikidza ne-porn-kunze kwekunge varume vacho vanopa kuti kukwezva kunoenda kana vasiya online porn.
Izvi zvinokatyamadza. Chinhu hachisi chekuyedza kutanga kutya nezve internet kutendeuka varume ngochani-Chinangwa ndechekuti kwete kushandura ivo ngochani.
Asi pamwe zviri kutendeuka kuti vamwe varume vave chimwe chinhu. Andrea Long Chu izita remunyori wekuAmerican transgender, anonyora nekuvimbika kunoshamisa nezve shanduko yake yechikadzi uye ruzivo. Semuenzaniso, Chu akavhara kushoropodzwa kubva kune vanoita zvehunyanzvi nekunyora mukati a New York Times sumo nezve kubatana pakati pekushanduka kwake kwechikadzi uye kushungurudzika kusingaperi, uye kuramba kuti shanduko yake yekuita ichamufadza. In bepa pamusangano wezvefundo kuColumbia, Chu akabvunza kuti: "Sissy porn yakandiitisa trans?" Sissy porn rudzi - zvakare, kamwe yakavanzika uye zvisinga tsanangurike, yakangoerekana yakura kupinda mukurumbira - uko varume vanopfeka sevakadzi vanoita zvepabonde nevarume mune stereotypically kuzviisa pasi, vakadzi mabasa. Sissy porn ine hukama nehunhu hunonzi "kumanikidza feminization," iyo yakangofanana nezvayo painonzwika. In bhuku razvino, Chu anonyatso kupindura zvake mubvunzo: "Ehe."
Hazvina kujeka-zvisingazivikanwe, pamwe, kusvika pakadii chiitiko chaChu chinowirirana nehuwandu hwekuwedzera kwekushanduka kwepabonde, asi kunyangwe kana muenzaniso wake uchinyatsoverengeka, unofanirwa kushanda kuzarura pfungwa: porn inowedzerawo huropi hwedu panguva yakakosha uye inochinja chii tinoshuva. Uye izvo zvinofanirwa kutityisa zvisinei nezvatinotenda nezvenhau dze transgender.
Zvinonyadzisira zvinokanganisa zvakare hukama
Ngatimbomira uye tiongorore: takaratidza kuti zverinhasi zvinonyadzisira zvinopinda muropa semushonga wakaoma, uye kuti kupindwa muropa uku kuri kuita zvakaipisisa uye zvinotyisa pahupombwe, kubva pamazero ekusagadzikana kwekusaita basa kusvika pakuzivikanwa kwakawedzera kwekunyanyisa. anotora ku (zvingangoita) iyo "kurara kwemuviri." Izvo zvakaipa chaizvo.
Asi, kutamba mudhiriri waDhiyabhorosi, ndizvo chaizvo here kuti zvakashata?
Chidhakwa kana chinwiwa chinodhaka, vanoti, hazvizongokuvadza hukama hwomumwe munhu - zvavachaita - asi hupenyu hwavo hwese uye hwevanhu vavakavakomberedza. Izvo zvakananga uye zvisina kunanga, ivo vane mhosva yekufa kusingaverengeki gore rega rega. Zvinonzwika sekunge isu tichifanira kuva nehanya nezve porn, chokwadi, asi isu tinofanirwa kurova chaizvo pani yekuvhundutsa bhatani?
Ehe, imwe mhinduro yekutanga ndeyekuti kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira kunokanganisa hupenyu hwedu kwete kungoita zvebonde chete - izvo zvine mutsindo pfungwa sezvo, shure kwezvose, bonde rinobata nzvimbo dzese dzehupenyu hwedu.
Kutanga, zvinonyadzisira zvinokanganisa maonero evakadzi vevakadzi. Pfungwa yekuti porn "ingori fungidziro chete" - iyo yekuona zvinonyadzisira inonyadzisira haite kuti mumwe atange kukudziridza maitiro akashata kana ezvepabonde zvinopfuura kungoona bhaisikopo raJason Bourne zvinoreva kuti unogona kutanga kurovera nekupfura vanhu- kana vangave vasina chokwadi mu Playboy Nguva, asi hazvisi zvechokwadi izvozvi.
A 2015 kuongorora mabhuku akatarisa kuzvidzidzo makumi maviri nemaviri kubva kudzimwe nyika dzakasiyana siyana uye akawana hukama pakati pekudhakwa kweInternet zvinonyadzisira uye utsinye hwepabonde.
An dzidzo yekudzidzira yezvisingasviki 135 zvidzidzo zvinoongororwa nevezera zvakawana "humbowo hunogara" huchibatanidza kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira pamhepo, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, "rutsigiro rukuru rwezvitendero zvebonde," "mhombwe dzekupokana," "kushivirira kwakanyanya kwechisimba kune vakadzi" uye "kudzikira kwekuona kwemaitiro evakadzi, tsika, uye vanhu."
Kudzokorora: kuona kwakadzikira kwevakadzi. . . hutsika, uye vanhu. Chii chatakaita?
Tichifunga zvese izvozvo, kubva pakuperera ED kusvika pakuwedzeredza kwepabonde uye kunyangwe zvisizvo, hazvifanire kushamisika kuti kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira kuri kukanganisa hukama.
A 2017 meta-kuongororwa kwe50 zvidzidzo, pamwe chete kusanganisira vanopfuura makumi mashanu vechikamu vatori vechikamu kubva kunyika gumi, vakawana kubatana pakati pekushandisa zvinonyadzisira uye "zvakadzikira zvekugutsikana kunogutsa," kungave kuri kuongorora-chikamu, kuongororwa kwenguva refu, kana kuedza kwerabhoritari.
Another kudzidza kweyemumiriri wenyika data yakawana kuti kushandisa zvinonyadzisira kwaive kufanotaura kwakasimba kwe "huwandu hwakanyanya hwakaderera hwevakaroora" - wechipiri musimba akasimba wezvese zvinochinja mune ongororo. Mhedzisiro iyi yakaratidza mushure mekunge vanyori vakadzora zvekuvhiringidza zvinhu zvakasiyana sekusagutsikana nehupenyu hwepabonde uye sarudzo yemuchato: izvi zvinoratidza kuti kushandisa zvinonyadzisira kunoenderana nekusafara kwemuchato. kwete nekuti vakaroorana vanozova vasingafari vanotendeukira kune zvinonyadzisira, asi kuti izvo zvinonyadzisira ndizvo zvakakonzera kusafara.
Asi chimwe chidzidzo, uchishandisa data yemumiriri kubva kuGeneral Social Survey, kuvhota zviuru zvevaroorani veAmerica gore rega kubva 2006 kusvika 2014, vakawana kuti "kutanga kushandisa zvinonyadzisira pakati pemafungu eongororo kwakapetwa zvakapetwa kaviri mukana wekurambana nenguva inotevera yeongororo." Zvinotyisa zvikuru, kudzidza vakawana boka rine mukana wekurambana rakawedzera zvakanyanya vaive vakaroora avo vakatanga vachiti "vanofara kwazvo" muwanano yavo uye vakatanga kushandisa porn mushure.
Iyo rebound mhedzisiro yekupindwa muropa kwe porno pavasikana nemadzimai ichokwadi chaizvo. Tsika yakakurumbira inokasira kuti mukadzi akasunungurwa, ane pfungwa dzakavhurika anofanirwa kudzikiswa pamusoro pekushandisa kwemurume wake zvinonyadzisira. Pa "Shamwari," iro zibwe raRosetta yetsika yeAmerica, chitauro chaChandler panguva yekudyidzana kwake naMonica chaive chinodzokorora, uye nguva yega yega vanyori vechiratidziro pavakaratidza pfungwa yaMonica yakatenderwa. Asi izvo, kunyangwe ndichifunga nezvehuropi, ongororo dzinodaro idzo nhamba huru dzevakadzi dzinopesana nevarume vadzo vachishandisa zvinonyadzisira vachiri muhukama hwakazvipira. Kuona kuti mumwe wako anoshandisa zvinonyadzisira zvinowanzoitika, kana zvisingaite senge nzira yekutengesa, saka kanenge senzira yekuramba-pamwe yakazoipisisa nenyaya yekuti "anoziva" iye "haagone" kuramba, uye zvakare na chokwadi chekuti (zvakasiyana munguva ye "Shamwari") iyewo anoziva kuti zvinonyadzisira zvechokwadi zvinoreva chisimba, kushatisa, zvinhu zvisiri izvo (kana zvakanyanya).
Iko kurasika kuri pachena kwakashata kuri pamufananidzo wemuviri uye kuzvishingisa. Ruzhinji rwevakadzi mukati imwe kudzidza akatsanangura zvakawanikwa kuti murume wavo anoshandisa zvinonyadzisira se "zvinoshungurudza"; ivo havana kungonzwa kuderera, ivo vakataura manzwiro ekudzikisira kwekuzvikoshesa. Vamwe vakadzi vanogona kuona zviratidzo zvekunetseka, kushungurudzika, uye kunyangwe post-traumatic kusagadzikana kusagadzikana.
Ongororo ye 2016 yevarume vane makore 18 kusvika 29 vakawana
Kuona zvinonyadzisira kunoonekwa nemurume, kazhinji anenge achizozvishandisa panguva yebonde, kukumbira kuita zvepabonde zvinonyadzisira kwemumwe wake, kunyengerera zvinyadzo mifananidzo yeinternet panguva yebonde kuti arambe achimutswa, uye ainetseke nezvekuita kwake zvepabonde uye muviri wake. Kupfuurirazve, kushandisa zvinonyadzisira kwakakwirira kwaive kwakabatana nekunakidzwa kwevatano nehukama.
Hatikwanise kuratidza chakabatana kukonzera kubatana pakati pekupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira uye "kurara kwemweya," asi handeyi nazvo: kunyangwe kuisa parutivi mudenga rekutenga ED, uchipihwa izvo zvinodhaka zvinonyadzisira zvinoitwa pabonde nehurume, kubva pakuona kwemunhukadzi, kuita zvepabonde nemurume akapindwa muropa nezvinonzwika zvinoita sekuedza kwausingade kudzokorora-panguva ino, kubheja kwakanyanya izvo zvakanyanya majaya vakapindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira.
Tichifunga zvese izvi, isu tisina tsvakiridzo yakakwana asi yekuita sarudzo yesainzi-inopedzisa, ini ndinofungidzira zvikuru hukama pakati pevanhurume (kunyanya vechidiki) kushandisa zvinonyadzisira uye hwakawanda-hwakataurwa uye kukurumidza kuwedzera kwekuora mwoyo uye dzimwe neuropathologies pakati pevakadzi vadiki. Kunyora senge waimbove murume achiri kuyaruka, ini ndichaisa kuti kunyangwe nguva zhinji dzevechidiki zhinjisa haisi mhando dzakanaka dzevanhu, kunyanya kuvasikana vachiri kuyaruka; Ini handikwanisi kufunga kuti zvingave sei kuva musikana achiri kuyaruka kana asvika zana muzana (sezvatingafunge zvakachengeteka) yeangangoita hukama hwekudyidzana iri porn-akapindwa muropa.
Kwete kuti zvinonyadzisira zvinongokanganisa hukama hwepabonde uye hwekudanana. Zvinonyadzisira zvinokonzera kusurukirwa. Muchikamu, izvi imhaka yekuti ndeyechokwadi kupindwa muropa kwese, uko kunowanzoita kuti tinzwe kunyara kwakasimba uko kunoita kuti tide kudzivisa kana kusundira kure vamwe vanhu. Uye kupindwa muropa kunotikonzera kuita zvinopesana nehunhu: kunyangwe ini ndakanga ndisingakwanise kuwana chekudzidza, pane zvakawanda zvinowanikwa online zvevanhu vanopererwa nebasa nekuti vaisakwanisa kuzvimisa vachishanyira nzvimbo dze porno kubasa.
Maererano ne chidzidzo naAna Bridges, wepaYunivhesiti yeArkansas nyanzvi yezvepfungwa iyo inotarisa kukanganisika kwehukama nezvehukama, vashandisi vepamhepo vanotaura zvepamhepo vanotaura "chakavanzika, kushamwaridzana uye kushungurudzika kwakanyanya."
Kuona Zvinonyadzisira Kunokonzera Kukanganisa kweBhongo
Tikangonzwisisa zvanhasi zvinonyadzisira, zvinogadzira pfungwa kuti zvaizokanganisa hukama, zvakapihwa hukama hwavo pabonde, maonero evakadzi, uye nemhedzisiro yekupindwa muropa nehupenyu hwemagariro uye kugara zvakanaka kazhinji. Asi zvakadiniko nemhedzisiro yayo pane hwasara hupenyu hwevanhu? Zvekare, zvinonyadzisira kuputa kutsva-uye zvinoitwa nekuputa mumapapu ako, zvinonyadzisira zvinoitwa kuhuropi hwako. Zvingaite sei izvozvo kwete kukanganisa zvese zvatinoita?
Izvo zvinoshanda sei? Rangarira, kumanikidza kushandisa zvinonyadzisira kunokonzeresa kuburitswa kwechinhu DeltaFosB, basa rayo kukurudzira pfungwa dzedu. Uku ndiko kupedza nguva, kupindwa muropa hakungoite kuti mumwe munhu ade kuchiva chimwe chinhu, asiwo zvakashama zvinomuita munhu akasiyana.
Zvichida chinonyanya kushamisa uye chinosvika kuresa kuwana mune neuroscience mumakore makumi maviri apfuura rave riri zano rekuti neuroplasticity. Masayendisiti aimbofunga nezveuropi senge rudzi rwemuchina, senge wachi yakaoma kwazvo kana bhodhi redunhu, rine chimiro chakagadziriswa kamwechete zvachose, pakuzvarwa kana pane imwe nguva achiri mudiki mwana.
Zvinoitika kuti uropi hwedu hwakanyanya kuomarara uye hushamwari. Iyo inogara ichichinja, inogara ichizvibatanidza pachayo, inogara ichichinja. Iwo akasiyana mabasa ehuropi hwedu anoitwa neural nzira, uye fananidzo ndeyekuti iwo akafanana nemasuru. Aristotle aitaura chokwadi, iwe ndiwe unodzokorora kuita. Iyoyo inonyanya nhau dzakanaka, asi pane imwe yedivi: neuroplasticity chiitiko chemakwikwi. Kana iwe "uchinge washanda" chikamu chimwe cheuropi hwako zvakanyanya, chinenge chichiba zviwanikwa munzvimbo dziri pedyo dzehuropi kuti uzvimiririre pasi kana izvi zvasara.
Zviri nyore kuti uone kuti izvi zvinoshanda sei kana mumwe munhu achitambura kupindwa muropa. Pose paunopepuka, kana kupfura, kana kuona zvinonyadzisira, izvo zvinoita se "kushinha" kune imwe ye "neural" yemasuru-iyo inobvisa zviwanikwa kure kubva kune imwe pfungwa.
Kunyanya, kubudiswa kweDeltaFosB inouya nekushandisa zvinonyadzisira kunetesa yedu yekutanga cortex. Iyo yepamberi yeakortini ndiyo zvese izvo iyo rat rat isiri; Imhaka yekuti vanhu vane yakakura pre premberi cortex iyo yatinayo budiriro. Uku ndiko kufunga kweuropi, kunoverengera njodzi, kunodzora zvishuwo, kunotibvumidza kuzvipinza mune ramangwana nekudaro kuronga, nekubata kusinganzwisisike uye kufunga zvine hungwaru. Panyaya yaPlato ane mukurumbira wengoro wengoro, uyo anotsanangura chikonzero somutyairi wengoro ane basa rekutungamira mabhiza maviri asingadi, Thymoides, kupisa kwedu, uye Epithymetikon, chigadziko chedu, iyo yekutanga cortex ndiye mutyairi.
Neuroimaging zvidzidzo vane inoratidzwa vanopindwa muropa vanokudziridza "hypofrontality," izwi rehunyanzvi rekuti kuremara kwepamberi pechikamu. Vanhu vane hypofrontality vanoratidza huwandu hwakadzikira hwegrey nto, isina kuchena chena, uye yakaderedzwa kugona kurongedza glucose (iri mafuta ehuropi) mune prefrontal cortex.
Hypof Pamberi inoratidzira mukuderera mune izvo psychologists inoshevedza Executive basa. Sezita racho executive function inopa zano, ichi chiitiko chakakosha chepfungwa dzedu. Executive basa rinosanganisira edu ekuita sarudzo kugona, kugona kwedu kudzora zvisimba, kuongorora njodzi, mubairo uye njodzi. Ehe, izvozvo chete. Masayendisiti haanyatsonzwisisa kuti kupindwa muropa kunokonzeresa sei, asi zvine musoro kuti vaviri vacho vabatane. Kupindwa muropa kwakanyanya nekuti nekuti sekudaro kwedu kukurudzira kunotevera kuchisimba, kugona kwedu kudzora kunonetesa. Mabhiza anotakurwa kunyange semaoko engoro dzemutyairi anopera simba.
Ini ndawana padhuze ne150 dzidzo dzehuropi dzinowana humbowo hwekupindwa muropa nezvinopinda muropa zveindaneti-izvo, zvakachengeteka kufunga, zvakada kufanana neindaneti zvinodhaka, zvakanyanyisa kune varume-uye vanopfuura gumi nevaviri vakawana zviratidzo zvehupombwe mune zvepabonde. vakapindwa muropa kana vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira.
Ndizvozvo: kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira kunonyanya kukosha chikamu cheuropi hwedu.
Chidzidzo che 2016 kamuranisa vazvino vanoita zvinonyadzisira mumapoka maviri: rimwe boka rakaramba kudya kwavo kwavanofarira kwemavhiki matatu, uye boka rimwe rairamba zvinonyadzisira kwemavhiki matatu. Pakupera kwevhiki nhatu, vashandisi ve porno vaisakwanisa kunonoka kugutsikana. Nekuti ichi chidzidzo nechisimba-chakapihwa-chinodzora boka rekutonga, chiratidzo chakasimba chechikonzero chekubatanidza (pane kungoenderana chete) pakati pekushandisa zvinonyadzisira uye kuzvidzora kwakaderera.
Heano mamwe matambudziko echipfungwa akasangana nezvidzidzo zvesainzi nezvekushandisa zvinonyadzisira: kuderera kwekudzidza, kudzikisira kushanda kwememori, kudzikisira kuita sarudzo, kuzvidzikisira kwakadzika uye kudzikira kwemanzwiro, kupokana zvakanyanya, kudzikisira kwakadzika, huwandu hwepamusoro hweurosis. Izvi zvese zviratidzo zvine chekuita ne hypofrontality.
Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakawana kubatana pakati pehupombwe uye kushungurudzika kwakanyanya, kushushikana munharaunda, kushushikana nehukama nekudzivirira, narcissism, kushungurudzika, kunetseka, kunetswa, uye kusava nehanya nekuzvivimba. Izvi hazvisi zviratidzo zvakananga zve hypofrontality, asi zviri nyore kuti uone kuti mumwe munhu akaremara basa repamusoro angave panjodzi yakakura sei yekukudza chero huwandu hweiyo pathologies. Izvo zvidzidzo zvinowanzoona kuti zvakanyanya kushandisa zvinonyadzisira, zvakakura izvi zvinetso.
Saka neuroplasticity inoreva kuti kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira, nekusimbisa dzimwe nzira dzeuropi muuropi, kunetesa vamwe, kunyanya izvo zvine chekuita nebasa repamusoro.
Asi pane chimwezve chinhu chinotyisa kune izvo neuroplasticity inoreva kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira: isu tava kuziva kuti, pazera ripi neripi, uropi hwakawanda zvakanyanya plastiki kupfuura zvataifunga pakutanga, hapachina kupokana kuti, zvese zvakati fananei, vadiki isu tiri kwakawanda mapurasitiki edu uropi. Iwe unogona kudzidza, kutaura, mutauro wekunze kana chiridzwa chemimhanzi pazera ripi neripi, asi pane chikamu chehunyanzvi icho iwe chaungazombobudirira kana iwe ukatanga mudiki. Pfungwa dzedu dzinogara dzakapurasitiki, asi dzichiri dzakawanda plastiki kana isu tiri vadiki. Uyezve, kana dzimwe nzira dzakasimbiswa pazera diki, ivo vanowanzogara saizvozvo, nekuti kunyange zvichiri kugona kuzvishandura gare gare muhupenyu, zvinonyanya kuoma.
Kubata Kwemavara eInternet paMwana Bhongo
Izvi zvinotiunza kune imwe hukuru hwakakodzera zvine chekuita nezve porn: taura chero zvaunoda nezvevakuru vanozvidya, mupfungwa isu tese tinobvuma kuti vana haifanire kuoneswa pachena — asi zvazviri, isu tese tinoziva chaizvo kuti ndizvo zvavari. Mune yakawedzera mari. Sekuziva kwatinoita kuti nzvimbo dzepa porn dzinonyatsoita hapana kudzivirira vana kuti vasazvidya.
Nhamba idzi dziri kutyisa. Maererano ne a 2013 Spanish Spanish kudzidza, "63 muzana yevakomana uye makumi matatu muzana evasikana vakasvirwa kuona zvinonyadzisira pamhepo vachiri kuyaruka," kusanganisira "kusungwa, kuona zvinonyadzisira kwevana, uye kubatwa chibharo." Sekureva kweiyo Britain Chinyorwa cheChikoro Nursing, "Vana vari pasi pegumi zvino vanopa makumi maviri neshanu muzana ezvekushandisa zvinonyadzisira pamhepo pamakore gumi nemasere."
Ongororo yemabhuku e2019 yakawana zvinotevera zvinokanganisa, ichibva kuzvidzidzo zvinopfuura makumi maviri: "kushungurudzika kune vakadzi," "kusangana pabonde," "kusarongeka," "kusangana pabonde," uye "kumanikidzwa." Imwe ongororo yakawana "kuwedzera kwezviitiko zvevezera." kushungurudzwa pabonde pakati pevana uye kuti iye anopara mhosva kazhinji aivhenekwa zvinonyadzisira mune dzakawanda zviitiko izvi. "Ongororo zvakare yakaona kuti" ongororo dzevanasikana kuona zvinonyadzisira sevana zvinoratidza kuti zvine chekuita nekuzvibata kwavo. " zvimwe zvakaipa, kudzidza kwevechidiki kwakanyanya kuwana "hukama pakati pekuratidzwa zvinonyadzisira uye. . . kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe, kusazvibata, kushungurudzika, kufunga kuzviuraya, uye kudzidziswa. ”
Kupfuurirazve, "vana vevose vari vaviri vanoita zvepabonde vanoona zvinonyadzisira vanogona kutenda kuti zviito zvavanenge vaona, zvakadai sekurara nebonde neboka, zvinoitika pakati pevezera ravo."
Zvakaoma kuratidza chakabatana causal link nesainzi, asi ichakamira kufunga kuti panofanirwa kunge paine chinongedzo pakati pekuputika kwe porno uye kuputika kwakanyorwa zvakanyanya mumatambudziko ehutano hwepfungwa pakati pevechidiki.
Kunyange zvikonzero zvezvinonzi dambudziko rehutano hwepfungwa pakati pevechidiki zvichipokana, chokwadi chaicho hachizi: maererano neNational Survey pamusoro peZvinodhaka Shandisa uye Hutano, ongororo yakaitwa nehurumende inotarisa chikamu chakakura kwazvo chevaAmerican- vanopfuura mazana matanhatu ezviuru mazana matanhatu ezviuru mazana matanhatu ezviuru mazana manomwe ezviuru mazana manomwe kusvika makumi maviri neshanu kubva muzana kusvika makumi maviri neshanu muzana. Kushungurudzika kwakawedzera 600,000 muzana pakati pemakore gumi nematanhatu kusvika gumi nematanhatu. Kushungurudzika kwakanyanya kwepfungwa, kunosanganisira kunzwa kwekunetseka uye kusava netariro, kusvetuka makumi manomwe neshanu pakati pevane makore gumi nemasere kusvika makumi maviri neshanu kubva muna2009 kusvika 2017. Vaviri vane makore makumi maviri nemaviri kusvika makumi maviri nemaviri vakaedza kuzviuraya muna 20 zvichienzaniswa na21, uye makumi mashanu neshanu. muzana vakawedzera kufunga kuzviuraya, " akanyora San Diego State University chiremba wezvepfungwa Jean Twenge.
Saka dambudziko rehutano hwepwere riri kuyaruka rakatanga gore ra2009, chaipo mushure memafoni nhare dzeS Tube dzakachinja mamiriro ezvinyadzo. Zvekare, kwete chiratidzo chesainzi che causal link, asi zvirokwazvo inobatsira.
Pfungwa ndeiyi: kupiwa izvo zvatinoziva porn zvinoita kuuropi, uye nekupihwa kuti isu tinoziva kuti mudiki huropi hunowedzera ipurasitiki, iko kune chokwadi chekuti chero kupindwa muropa nezvinodzvinyirira kunoita vanhu vakuru, zvichaita vana, kunze kwekunge zvakanyanya zvakanyanya. Ichi chimwe chinhu chatinofanira kupedzisa kubva pakuziva nezvechokwadi chechokwadi cheurobiology yemunhu, kunyangwe tisina kufunga nezvekupi kwakashata kwemafungiro ehuratidziro evana kune zvinonyadzisira.
Inogona Kukonzera Zvinonyadzisira Kukonzeresa Kugwinyikana?
Ndakaedza kungwarira sezvingabvira uye kungoisa pachena-zvinokwezva nharo dzesainzi. Tinogona, uye tinofanirwa, kupokana nezvetsika, asi isu tinofanirwa kuve pachena nezvechokwadi. Uye munyika umo miriyoni zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvinoda zvese uye zvakapesana pamusoro peimwe "kudzidza," ini ndaida kuve ndakanyatsojeka sezvinobvira nezvezvatinogona ziva nesainzi nezve porn, iine huwandu hwakawanda hwechokwadi, pamusoro pezvinhu zvatingafungidzira, asi kwete kuratidza.
We ziva izvo porn inoita kuuropi, nekuti sainzi yekurapa yakasimba. Nekuti sayenzi yemagariro yakapusa, hatigone ziva kune chokwadi chii chinokonzeresa porn inokanganisa munharaunda, kana iripo. Asi kana tangoziva kuti tinofanira kuve nekuzvininipisa zvakanyanya munzvimbo ino, tinogona kuita sarudzo dzakakosha.
Rangarira kuderera kwehupombwe? Zvinoratidzika kuti Japan ndiyo inotangira mumarudzi ese ekudzikama: sezvazvakatanga kupinda mu zero zero rate yehupfumi mamiriro ekunze iyo nyika yese yakapfuma yave ichisangana nayo kubva muna2008, uye inotaridzika sedunhu idzva risingaperi nekupfuura kwega kwega. zuva, Japan zvakare yakapindawo mune zvepabonde kuderera gumi gumi pamberi pedu. Japan yakawanawo internetbandband kwepakutanga kupfuura pasirese. Zvingave here kuti Japan ndiyo muenzaniso yezvinogona kuitika kwatiri kana tikasaita chimwe chinhu nezvekupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira?
Sezvo Japan yakawana internetbandband, mazera madiki apfuura kuburikidza nekuchinja kwakakosha kwenzanga. “Muna 2005, chetatu chevanhu vasina kuroora veJapan vane makore 18 kusvika 34 vaive mhandara; pakazosvika 2015, makumi mana neshanu muzana evanhu vezera iri vaive, uye Mugove uyo vakati ivo havana kufunga kuroora wakwikwidzawo. (Hakusi kuti kuroora kana kuroorwa kwaive kwevimbiso yekuita bonde nguva dzose: Ongororo yakaenderana yakawana kuti 43 muzana yevanhu vakaroora havana kurara nemwedzi mumwe chete.) " The Atlantic'Kate Julian akanyora mune chinyorwa chake pamusoro pehupombwe.
MuJapan, ichi chizvarwa chitsva chevasina bonde- uye hupfumi hwekuJapan hunowanzo kukonzerwa evanhu kushayikwa kwekufarira, kune kurira kwemanzwiro kwevakadzi vechidiki veJapan, kana mishumo yenhau inofanirwa kuvimbwa-inozivikanwa se soushoku danshi, chaiko “varume vanodya uswa” - neshoko, herbivores. Epithet iyi yaive yekutanga yakaumbwa nemukadzi akavhiringidzika munyori wenhau asi, zvinoshamisa kuti, herbivores haana kugumburwa uye mazhinji acho anofara kuratidza zvakadaro.
Tichipiwa kuwanda kweJapan kuderera, vafudzi, vava chihombe, inyaya yekune nharo munyika yeJapan. Slate's Alexandra Harney mishumo. Uye icho chinoratidzika kunge chinotsanangura iyo herbivores hachisi chete kuti ivo havana kufarira mune zvepabonde, ndeyekuti ivo vanoita sevasiri kufarira mune chero chinhu zvachose.
Ivo vanowanzogara nevabereki vavo. Mushure mezvose, zvakaoma kuwana nzvimbo yekugara paunenge usina basa rakatsiga, izvo herbivores vanoti havatsvage, nekuti ivo havadi basa rehunyanzvi. Hakusi kuti ivo vari kubuda munharaunda inobereka kuti vatarise pamusoro, toti, hunyanzvi, kana activism, kana imwe nzira yekusika kana yetsika. Sezviri pachena, imwe yemamwe mashoma hobho ayo anoratidzika kunge anozivikanwa pakati peherbivores ndeye. . . vachifamba. Kuti uve wakanaka, kufamba kwakakosha chikamu chekuchera kuitira marehwe.
Izvo herbivores vanoita sekunge vanofarira iri kushandisa yakawanda yakawanda yenguva yavo vari voga, internet. Herbivores vane hupenyu hwemagariro vanozvichengetedza zvakatenderedzwa kune diki diki shamwari. Nepo maJapan aimbozivikanwa kuzivikanwa kwavo nezvekushanya, havadi kuenda kunze kwenyika. Vakagadzira soko nyowani yaoi, rudzi rweJapan rwe bodice ripper-chimiro chekuratidzira chinoratidzira hukama hwehomoerotic pakati pevarume; nepo yaoi'vateereri vakaita tsika nevakadzi, ivo vanhurume vanomera vanofarira yaoi.
Tsanangudzo dzisingaverengeki dzinochengetwa kune iyo hebivore phenomenon, kubva mutsika kusvika kuhupfumi, uye zvine musoro kuti zvimwe zvezvinhu izvozvo zvingave zvichitamba. Zvakangodaro, ndinoona zvichirova kuti zvese zvatinoziva nezve herbivores anoenderana nezvatinoziva nezve online zvinodhaka kupindwa muropa, kunyanya kuderedzwa libido nekunyanyisa kushandisa internet. Isu tinoziva zvakare kuti Japan ine misika iri kukura yematoyi emitambo yematoyi evarume, asi kwete evakadzi, pamwe neyekunyanyisa uye homoerotic zvinonyadzisira, zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwakave hwakazvidzwa kune zvakajairika zvepabonde zvinomutswa ne online online zvinodhaka.
Pamusoro pebonde, iyo herbivores inoita kunge inokatyamadza sedzinza revarume vanotambura ne hypofrontality, chirwere chemuropa chinokonzerwa nekupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka. Zvinoita sekuti dambudziko ravo rakakosha kutadza ku Commit, kungave kubasa kana mukadzi. Kuzvipira kunoda kugona kunogoneswa neye premberial cortex, sekuzvisimbisa pachako, nekuyera njodzi uye mubairo, nekuzviratidzira mune ramangwana. Kuve wakazvimiririra mune zvemari, kushanyira kune imwe nyika, kubuda mumba mevabereki vako, kuenda kumapati, kusangana nevanhu vatsva, kubvunza musikana kunze -zvinhu izvi zvese zvakafanana pane kuti nepo varume vechidiki vanowanzoda kuzviita, vanogona zvakare tyisidzira; uye iko ndiko kubata kwakakura kwehuropi kuri mune yekutanga cortex iyo inoita kuti iwane kusvika pane hump yekutanga kusagadzikana kunobva kubva kuzasi kweuropi.
NeJapan mumugwagwa wekuzviparadza mune chimwe chikamu nekuda kwekusarudzika kwevanhurume kufarira bonde kana kuroora, zvakaoma kuti usafunge nezvemufananidzo weNietzsche weMurume Wokupedzisira, mamiriro ake ehusiku ehumbozha hwakamirira kubudirira kweWestern mushure meRufu rwaMwari kana isina kugamuchira nzira ye Ermbermensch: murume wekupedzisira ararama hupenyu hwe nyaradzo, ane zvese zvaanoshuvira kugutsikana, anombundikira kufanana uye anoramba kunetsana, uye haaone chimwe chinhu, chisingakwanisi sezvo iye ari wekufungidzira, kana kutanga, kana kusika, kana kutanga, kana kutora njodzi. Iye Wekupedzisira murume, muchidimbu, munhu anodzoserwa kuchinhu chakafanana nemhuka mhuka, asi kwete iyo yemapuri. Nietzsche inomuenzanisa neupembenene, asi herbivore inonyatsokodzera. Mune mutsara unotyisa waNietzsche, Munhu Wokupedzisira anotenda kuti awana mufaro.
Zvekare, hazvibviri kuratidza mune zvesayenzi kuti iyo herbivore phenomenon inokonzerwa nekupararira kwehupombwe. Asi chinhu chimwe chinonyatso kushandura: hapana tsananguro yekuti nei, kana iyo herbivore maitiro ichikonzerwa nehumwe hupamhi tsika kana hukama hwemagariro, hunofanirwa kunge hwakanyanya mukono phenomenon. Chero ani? Chero ani? Bueller?
IJapan chihure chenguva yemberi? Isu tiri munzira yekuenda kunharaunda yemakwenzi. Kana, kutora kumwe kufananidzira, kuita sevanhu vasina rubatsiro pamhepo iri mu "WALL-E," kunze kwekunge tisati tamboenda kunogadzira iyo AI uye marobhoti ayo akakonzera hupenyu hwavo husina musoro, hwakaoma.
Zvimwe zvinonzwika hyperbolic. Asi chatinoziva ndechekuti huwandu hwakawanda hwebudiriro yedu hwakamisikidzwa pamushonga uyo une hukasha pamuropi, watisinganzwisise zvakanyanya, kunze kwekunge zvese zvatiri kunzwisisa zvisina kunaka uye zvinotyisa. Uye isu taingova makore gumi ekuita izvi. Kana tikasaita chiitiko, munguva pfupi inotevera chizvarwa chinotevera chinenge chiri chizvarwa chakamira pamusoro peichi chinodhaka-chinodyiwa nehuropi sevana, vane huchenjeri hwakasarudzika. Zvinoratidzika zvine musoro uye zvinowirirana nehuchapupu sezvatinazvo kuti tishamise zvikuru. Hongu, izvo zvinoratidzika zvakanyanya kusanzwisisika ndeyekusagadzikana kwedu pamusoro pechimwe chinhu icho, pane imwe nhanho, isu tese tinoziva kuti zviri kuitika.
Chiongorori Chakakura Pamabhiridha edu
Imwe nzira yekusvika pamubvunzo wekupindura ndeyekuti isu - nyika yose yakafambira mberi, uye munguva pfupi, nyika yese, sezvo mitengo yemafoni uye nhepfenyuro dziri kusimudzira nyika dzichiramba dzichidonha-tiri kuita kuyedza kwakakura kusati kwamboitika patiri. pfungwa. Masayendisiti anonzwisisa zvinhu zvishoma nezveuropi, asi mashoma chete. Uropi hwevanhu ndicho chinhu chakanyanya kuoma kunzwisisa mune yakasarudzika inozivikanwa, uye tiri kuisa hafu yehuwandu hwevanhu zvakanyanyisa, kurudzi rusingaenzaniswi rwechinodhaka.
Pandinonyora izvi, iyo FDA inonzi iri kufunga nezvekurambidzwa kwakakwana kwe e-fodya. Fungidzira kana, toti, yakakurumbira hutano huwedzerwa yakaratidzwa kune, o, kuwedzera chiyero cheEE pakati pejaya vechidiki nemamwe muzana, rega mairairo akati wandei, kana kuve akapindwa muropa seecocaine muzvikamu zvikuru zvehuwandu. Chokwadi mumwe muchuchisi anotarisa pachena angaita kuti varidzi vekambani iyi vafambe murudzi rwenhare runhare mbozha usati iwe “Roko Roko” -zvinodaro, iye aive iye achisvika pamusoro pezvinhu uye ainyara zvakanyanya kuti amire pachena.
Muenzaniso unogona kuve wakarongeka pano: shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Pane zvimwe zvinhu zvatinoziva musayenzi kuti ichokwadi: isu tinoziva kuti greenhouse magasi inotungamira kune yakanyanya kupisa tese yakaenzana; tinoziva kuti vanhu vanoburitsa magasi akawandisa nekudziya; tinoziva kuti kupisa kuri kuwedzera; isu tinoziva kuti greenhouse magasi ari kuwedzera kune zvisina kumboitika mazinga.
Hatidi ziva, nesainzi, chaizvo, izvo izvo zvinoreva ramangwana. Pasi rakanyanya kuomera chinhu chechikamu kuti isu tikwanise kufanotaura tine chivimbo chakadzama kuti shanduko yemamiriro ekunze icharevei, chaizvo-chaizvo, kururamisa kwakanyanya kwealarm ndiyo chokwadi chekuti tiri mundima isina kubatwa kana tasvika pamazinga emweya wegreenhouse magasi. uye kupisa. Ichi ndicho chikonzero iyo UN yeInternational Government Panel on Climate Change, inomiririra kubvumirana kwesainzi nezve shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, haipi Predictions yezvemangwana mhedzisiro yekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, asi zvinogona kugoverwa (Verenga uverenge kana usiri kunditenda).
Pahwaro hwechizvino mamiriro eSainzi, isu tine kunyunyuta kwehuchapupu zvichiita kuti a kutenda kwakarongeka izvo zvisati zvamboitika-zvakaonekwa-zvakajeka magreenhouse magasi uye kudziya kwekushisa kuwedzera mwero usingabvumirwe panjodzi yezvakashata zvabuda, kusanganisira njodzi zvabuda, kuti imwe mhando ye chiito chakabatanidzwa (kuisa parutivi makatsamwa akatsamwa pane rudzii rwechiito) chinobvumidzwa kudzora greenhouse gasi kubuda. Pasi rakanyanya kuomarara kuti tinzwisise zvizere, uye iyi ndiyo nharo yakanyanya kunaka yekuti nei zvisingaite kupomba iyo izere nemakemikari pamazinga asina kumbobvira aitika. Mushure mezvose, isu hatina Pasi 2. (Uye hongu, zvinoshamisa kuti kudzikiswa kusachengetedza kugamuchira chinzvimbo chekuda kushanduko kwemamiriro ekunze, iyi ipfungwa yekuchengetedza tsika.)
Iwe unoona kwandinoenda: zvisinei yakakosha Nyika, neiwo mafungiro edu; asi zvakaomarara Earth zvakanyanyisa, saka uropi hwedu, hwakaoma kunzwisisa pazvinhu zvakasikwa. Ini handioni kuti nei pfungwa imwechete isingashande.
Matangi akakwira zvakafanana, pfungwa dzekuita zvakafanana, asi izvi zvinokonzeresa zvinowana kusiana kwakasiyana kutariswa kweveruzhinji uye zvematongerwo enyika mari.
Zvakatora nguva yakareba pakati pechinguva apo humbowo hwekuputa hukama hwekenza yemapapu pamwe nehuwandu hwakazara hwehutano husina kunaka hwakave husingadzoreki. Uye zvakatora nguva yakareba pakati pechinguva icho ndipo patiri senharaunda takatambira icho chiratidzo uye takasarudza kuita. Izvi zvaive mune chikonzero chezvemutemo mibvunzo yesainzi pakutanga, muchimwe chikamu nekuda kwesimba remakaro, moni dzakavanzika, uye muchikamu nekuda kwekufungidzira zvisiri izvo pseudo-libertarian rhetoric. Asiwo muchikamu nekuti vanhu vazhinji vaisada kubvuma kuti tsika yavo inodiwa, inofadza, yaive kupindwa muropa- uye vese vaisazeza kubvuma nekuti vaiziva, mukati-kati, kuti ndicho chokwadi.
Ndichiri kuputa. Asi, zvirinani, ndakarega kunyepa pachangu nezve chikonzero nei ndichizviita. Yasvika nguva isu senharaunda kuti tirege kuzvinyepera isu pamusoro peicho chave kutyisidzira kukuru kune hutano hweveruzhinji.
Pascal-Emmanuel Gobry ihama ku Ethics uye Public Policy Center. Kunyora kwake kwaoneka mumabhuku akawanda. Iye anogara muParis.
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