Stein, DJ, Billieux, J., Bowden-Jones, H., Grant, JE, Fineberg, N., Higuchi, S., Hao, W., Mann, K., Matsunaga, H., Potenza, MN, Rumpf , HM, Veale, D., Ray, R., Saunders, JB, Reed, GM uye Poznyak, V. (2018),
World Psychiatry, 17: 363-364. doi:10.1002 / wps.20570
Izwi re "tsika (kwete-chimiro) zvinodhaka" zvakatangwa makore anenge makumi matatu apfuura, uye rimwe bhuku rinokura rezvinyorwa rakabuda munguva pfupi yapfuura pane izvi uye zvakakonzerwa1, 2. Panguva imwe chete, vamwe vanyori vakaona kuti kusarudzwa kwezviito zvekuita zvinodhaka kunoda kushanda nesimba3, 4. Pano tinopa chiitiko pamusoro pechinhu ichi, kusimbisa basa razvino raitwa panguva yekusimudzirwa kwe ICD-11, uye kutarisa mubvunzo wekuti kana zvichibatsira kuva nechikamu chakasiyana pamatambudziko nekuda kwekunyadzisa mafambiro munharaunda iyi.
Izvo zvose zvirongwa zveDMM neIndaneti zvakagara zvichiramba izwi rokuti "kusvuta" mukuda kwekuvakwa kwe "kudengesa zvinhu". Zvisinei, DSM-5 inosanganisira kubhejera chirwere muchitsauko chayo pamusoro pezvinhu zvinokonzerwa nezvinhu-uye zvinodhaka, uye inopa zviyero zveInternet kutarisa chirwere, ichichiona icho chikamu chine chido chekudzidzazve, uye kujekesa kufanana kwayo kune zvinodhaka kushandiswa kwezvinhu5-7. Mukunyorwa kweCI-11, World Health Organization yakatadza pfungwa ye "kushungurudzwa nekuda kwekuita zvepabonde" kunosanganisira kubhejera uye matambudziko emitambo2, 8. Kushungurudzika uku kunoonekwa nekuremara kutonga pamusoro pekupinda muhunhu hwekupindwa muropa, hunhu hunotora chinzvimbo chikuru muhupenyu hwemunhu, uye nekuenderera mberi nekuita hunhu zvisinei nemhedzisiro. nzvimbo dzakakosha dzekushanda2, 8.
Chimwe chinonyanya kukosha panguva yekuvandudzirwa kwe DSM-5 yaiva yekuongorora zviratidzo. Zvechokwadi, pane humwe humwe humwe humwe hwehupakati hwehutano hwekushandiswa kwemishonga uye kushungurudzwa pamusana pemitemo yekuzvidzivirira, sekubhejera chirwere, pane zvinokosha zvinogadzirisa zvinosanganisira comorbidity, nzira dzehupenyu, uye mhinduro yekurapa5-7. Nokuda kwemagariro emitambo, pane kuwedzera kwemashoko pamakiriniki uye neurobiological. Nokuda kwezvimwe zvidimbu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokonzerwa nemitemo, hupupuri huripo huripo. Uyezve, mimwe mitemo iyi inogona kuratidzirawo inopinda nekusawirirana kwekudzivirira (mu DSM-IV uye ICD-10), kusanganisira comorbidity, nzira dzezvakaberekwa, uye nzira yekurapa9.
Iwo mapoka anoshanda paICD-11 anoziva kukosha kweanosimbisa kusagadzikana kwepfungwa uye kwehunhu, zvichipiwa kuti hurongwa hwekupatsanura nehukuru hwekuongorora hunogona kutungamira mukugadziriswa kwemhedzisiro yekurapa. Panguva imwecheteyo, ICD-11 mapoka eboka akatarisa zvakanyanya pakiriniki yekushandisa uye hutano hweveruzhinji mukufunga kwavo, nechinangwa chakanangana nekuvandudza kuchengetedza kwekutanga munzvimbo dzisiri dzehunyanzvi, zvinoenderana neICD-11 yekusimbisa kwehutano hwepfungwa hwepasirese. Kupatsanurika kwakaringana kwekushushikana uye kusagadzikana subtypes, kunyangwe kana ichitsigirwa neyakajeka basa rekuongorora kwechokwadi, zvine nharo hazvibatsiri mumamiriro ezvinhu apo asiri-nyanzvi anopa tarisiro. Nekudaro, kuremara kwakabatana uye kukanganisika inyaya dzakakosha mune ino maonero, kutsigira kuiswa kwekubhejera uye kusagadzikana kwemitambo muICD-112, 8.
Kune zvikonzero zvakawanda nei kuonekwa kwekushungurudzwa nekuda kwekudzivisa maitiro uye kuiswa kwavo mumasoroology pamwe chete nezvinetso zvekushandisa zvinogona kubatsira pakuvandudza hutano hwevanhu. Zvinonyanya kukosha, hurongwa hwehutano hwehutano hwekudzivirira uye hutungamiri hwehutano hwekushandiswa kwemishonga hunogona kunge hunoshandiswa pakubhejera chirwere, kutambisa chirwere, uye zvimwe zvimwe zvinetso zvinokonzerwa nekuita zvepabonde (kunyange zvazvo chirongwa che ICD-11 chinoratidza kuti chingave chisati chasvika kuisa mu kuenzanisa chero humwe hutambudziro hunokonzerwa nekunyadzisa mafambiro kunze kwekubhejera uye matambudziko emitambo).
Chirongwa chehutano hwehutano hwekutarisa kushungurudzika nekuda kwekuita zvepabonde kune mubvunzo pane zvimwe zvakakosha zvakanakira. Kunyanya, inonyatsotarisa pamusoro: a) kutarisa kubva pamitambo yakasununguka isina hutsinye kune hutano kuburikidza nehutano hunoenderana nekuremara kwakakosha; b) kudiwa kwepamusoro-soro ekuongororwa kwezvipembenene uye zvinodhura zvezviito izvi uye zvinetso, uye c) kushandiswa kwehuchapupu hunotungamirirwa nehutano hwekuita kuti kuderedzwa kukuvara.
Kunyangwe vamwe vangave vaine hanya nezvekurapa kwehupenyu hwehupenyu uye hupenyu hwekusarudza, hutano hwakadaro hunoziva kuti mamwe maitiro ane hutachiona husingaiti uye haambogone kuva chirwere chechirwere, uye inowedzera kuti kudzivirira uye kuderedzwa kweutano hwakanaka uye hwemagariro hunosanganiswa pamwe nekusawirirana nekuda kwekudzivirira maitiro kunogona kuwanika nenzira dzakakosha kuburikidza nekupindira kunze kwehutano hwehutano.
Zvimwe zvinopesana zvinokonzerwa nezvinetso zvekuzvibata kana zvinetso nekuda kwezviito zvekuita zvinogona kukwidzwa kuti zvikurukure. Isu takambotaura mumagazini ino kuti basa rakawedzerwa rinodiwa kuti iite zvikonzero zvakasimba pamusoro pekuongororwa kwechokwadi9, uye iyo yakanyorwa ICD-11 iye zvino inonyorawo kubhejera nematambudziko emitambo muchikamu che "kushungurudzika kwekudzivirira". Zvimwewo, pane kunetseka kunonzwisisika kuti miganhu yechirongwa ichi inogona kunge isina kuwedzerwa zvisina kunaka kunze kwekubhejera uye kutamba kwematambudziko kusanganisira mamwe akawanda evanhu mabasa. Zvimwe zvezvipikisano izvi zvinowanikwa kune izvo zvinomiririra dambudziko rekunonoka kwehutano hwehutano hwehutano hwekushandisa zvinhu.
Kunyange zvazvo tichiziva kukosha kwematambudziko aya, maonero edu ndeokuti mutoro unogona kuva mukuru wehutano hunokonzerwa nehutano hwekuita hunoda kupindirana, uye kuti hutano hwakanaka ndehutano hwevanhu.
Pano tave tataura zvikonzero nei hurumende yehutano inobatsira kushandiswa kwemishonga inogona kushandiswa kushandiswa pakubhejera chirwere, kutamba kwemitambo uye, zvichida, mamwe hutano huripo nekuda kwekuita zvinodhaka. Iyi nharo inopa rubatsiro rwekusanganisira kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa, kusheja nekusawirirana uye kutamba kwematambudziko mune imwe chikamu chechitsauko chepfungwa, maitiro kana neurodevelopmental kushungurudzwa muCI-11.
Vanyori vega ndivo vane basa rekutaridzirwa kunotsanangurwa mumutsamba iyi uye hazvirevi kuti zvinomiririra zvisarudzo, mazano kana maonero eWorld Health Organization. Tsamba iyi inowanikwa muchikamu chebasa kubva kuAlice CA16207 "European Network for Problematic Usage Internet", yakatsigirwa neEuropean Cooperation muScience and Technology (COST).
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