Nannan Pan1 †, Yongxin Yang2 †, Xin Du1, Xin Qi1, Guijin Du3, Yang Zhang1, Xiaodong Li3* uye 
Quan Zhang1*- 1Dhipatimendi reRadiology uye Tianjin Key Laboratory yeBasa rekushanda Imagan, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- 2Dhipatimendi rePsychology, Linyi Chechina Chipatara chevanhu, Linyi, China
- 3Dhipatimendi reRadiology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
Nekuvandudzwa kweInternet, huwandu huri kuwedzera hwevechiri kuyaruka vanotamba mutambo wepamhepo zvakanyanya, izvo zvinotungamira kune zvakashata mhedzisiro kune vanhu uye nzanga. Zvidzidzo zvakapfuura zvakaratidza zvakachinja grey-nyaya vhoriyamu (GMV) mune vanhu vane Internet kutambisa kusagadzikana (IGD), asi hukama huripo pakati pechimiro cheGD neGMV pahuropi hwese hachizivikanwe muvachiri kuyaruka. Muchidzidzo chazvino, kufungidzira kwemaatomical nekugadziriswa kwepamusoro kwakaitwa pa67 varume vechidiki vachiri kuyaruka vaitamba mutambo wepamhepo; uye Young's Internet kupindwa muropa bvunzo (IAT) yakaitiswa kuyedza maitiro eGD. FMRIB Software Raibhurari (FSL) yakashandiswa kuverenga iyo voxel-based kuwirirana pakati peGMV neIAT mamaki mushure mekudzora zera nemakore emakore edzidzo. MaGMV eanopindirana postcentral gyri (postCG), bilateral precentral gyri (preCG), kurudyi precuneus, kuruboshwe posterior midcingate cortex (pMCC), kuruboshwe kwakaderera parietal lobe (IPL), uye kurudyi wepamberi gyrus (MFG) zvakange zvisina kunaka zvakabatana neIAT mamaki. Iko kuwirirana kuchiripo pakati peiyo IAT mamaki uye maGMVs epashure postCG, kuruboshwe preCG, kuruboshwe pMCC, uye kurudyi MFG mushure mekudzora kwenguva yakazara yekutamba mutambo wepamhepo. Vatori vechikamu pavakakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri zvinoenderana nechikamu cheIAT, maGMV enzvimbo dzehuropi dzakabatana neIAT aive akaderera mune yakakwira IAT mamaki chikamu (IAT mamaki> 50) kupfuura mune yakaderera IAT mamakisi subgroup (IAT mamaki ≤50). Mhedzisiro yedu yakaratidza kuti maGMV enzvimbo dzehuropi dzakabatanidzwa mukugadzirisa kwemaitiro uye kugadzirisa kutonga kwakabatana neyakajairwa IGD. Izvi zvakawanikwa zvinogona kutungamira kune zvitsva zvinangwa zvekudzivirira uye kurapa iyo IGD.
ziviso
Mumakumi emakore apfuura, iyo internet yakaita basa rakakosha muhupenyu hwedu. Nekudaro, vayaruka vanowedzera paInternet uye vachitamba mutambo wepa online zvakanyanya, izvo zvinoguma nokuita zvakaipa pavachiri kuyaruka ivo pachavo uye munharaunda. Chidzidzo chechirwere chechirwere chakaratidza kuti Internet mutambo wemitambo (IGD), subtype yeInternet kupindwa muropa (IA) (1), yaive dambudziko rakajairika rehutano hwepfungwa pakati pevachiri kuyaruka.2. Naizvozvo, dzakawanda uye dzakawanda zvidzidzo zvakatarisana neiyo neuromechanism ye IGD uye yakanangana nekubatsira mukudzivirira uye kurapwa kwe IGD.
Kuumbwa kwehurongwa hweuropi kunogona kushandiswa kuongorora hurongwa hwehuropi nezve hunhu hwemunhu (3-5. Zvidzidzo zvekare zvezvimiro zvakawana kuti vanhu vane IGD vaive nemanyowa ekupfeka grey (GM), senge yakaderera grey-taba vhoriyamu (GMV) kana GM density munzvimbo dzakawanda cortical uye subcortical (6-11), uye yakawedzera GMV munzvimbo dzekumberi nedunhu (8, 12. Izvi zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti nzvimbo dzakawanda dzehuropi munzvimbo dzemberi, dzepanyika, parietal, uye subcortical nzvimbo dzakadai secyral striatum dzakabatana neIA, izvo zvakakonzera kunzwisiswa kwemaitiro europichanisms eIA. Nekudaro, ruzhinji rwezvidzidzo zvakapfuura zvakangotarisa nezveIA kana IGD yakawanikwa nekiriniki yekubvunzurudza yakadai seInternet addiction test (IAT), uye yakaenzanisa kusiyana mune maitiro uye uropi basa uye chimiro pakati peiyo IGD vanhu uye hutano hunodzora. Sezvineiwo, havasi vese vanhu vanotamba pamhepo online vanotambura IGD (13. Naizvozvo, kuongororwa kwezvakabatana mune zvevatambi vepa online mitambo ine huwandu hwakasiyana hwekuda IGD, kwete chete vanhu vane IGD kuongororwa, kuri madikanwa.
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, zvidzidzo zvitatu zvakananga zvakananga pane iyo neural kubatana kwekuda kweiyo IA. Wen naHsieh (14) yakatsvaga hukama pakati pehuropi hwese hunoshanda hukama uye huwandu hweIA muboka revadiki vechidiki (19-29 makore) uye yakawana mawebhu maviri akanyanya akaumbwa nematunhu epamberi akapindirana nemaitiro eIA. Li et al. (15) yakashuma kuti dhizaini uye inoshanda yeiyo kurudyi dorsolateral prefrontal cortex yakagadziriswa zvakanaka neIAT chikamu muboka revakuru vane hutano vakuru (18-27 makore). Chidzidzo chakaitwa naKühn (16) yakaratidza kuti iyo GMV yenzvimbo dzehuropi mukati mefronto-striatal network yakagadziridzwa kune yakawandisa kushandiswa kweInternet kunoongororwa neIAT chiratidzo. Pamusoro pezvo, zvidzidzo zvakapfuura zvakaratidzawo kuti shanduko yeGMV yaive nechokuita nekushomeka kwemhepo pamhepo muzvidzidzo zveGD. Semuenzaniso, kuongororwa kwakaitwa naWeng et al. yakaratidza kuti iyo GMVs yekurudyi orbitofrontal cortex uye nyika mbiri yakaiswa yakanyatso kuwirirana neyepamhepo mutambo kupindwa muropa mune IGD zvidzidzo (7. Cai et al. yakataurwa yakawedzera GMV ye nucleus accumbens yaive yakabatana neIAT mamaki mune IGD vanhu (17. Chidzidzo chakaitwa naZhou et al. yakaratidza kuti yakaderera GMV mune yakakodzera orbitofrontal cortex yaive nehukama hwepamhepo pavhidhiyo vhidhiyo yekupindwa muropa kupinza mukati meInternet gamers (18. Izvi zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti zvigadzirwa zvehuropi uye basa zvakabatana neiyo chikamu cheIA. Nekudaro, iyo hukama pakati pekuda kwe IGD neyeGMV pahuropi hwese hwaive husati hwaongororwa zvakajeka muvadiki (14-18 makore). Kuyaruka pakati pemakore 14 uye 18 zera riri panguva yakakomba yekuvandudzwa kwepfungwa uye ari nyore kupindwa muropa uye zvinopesana nemhedzisiro (19, 20. Zvidzidzo zvakawanda maererano nekudhakwa kwezvinodhaka zvakanyatsotarisa kune vechidiki vane makore kubva ku14 kusvika kumakore 18 (21, 22. Yekudzidza-yakakura yekuenzanisira yakaratidza kuti IGD yakajairika muvadzidzi veChinese chekutanga uye vepakati vechikoro vane chiitiko che22.5% pakati pevadzidzi avo vanotamba mitambo yepamhepo (2. Naizvozvo, zvinonyanya kukosha kuti uongorore hukama hwehuropi hwekuumbwa pamwe neiyo IGD mumakore okuyaruka (14-18 makore).
Zvakare, zvidzidzo zvakapfuura zvakaratidza kuti kwenguva refu mutambo wepamhepo uri kutamba unogona kutungamira nekugadziriswazve kurongeka kweuropi muvatambi vemitambo yepamhepo (12, 23, 24. Iwo maGVV ari muchipatara chekushambadzira preortal cortex, iyo dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, iyo yekuwedzera mota nzvimbo, uye rostral anterior cingate cortex yakagadziridzwa nenguva yeiyo mutambo wepamhepo uchitamba muvachiri kuyaruka neIA kusagadzikana (6, 25. Naizvozvo, kana iyo nguva yekutamba yepamhepo pamhepo ichikanganisa hukama pakati peGMV uye tsika ye IGD yakakodzera kudzidza.
Muchidzidzo chazvino, 67 vechidiki kuyaruka (14-18 makore) vaitamba mitambo yepamhepo vakatorwa. Iyo voxel-based correlation kuongorora yakaitwa kuti uone kumatunhu ehuropi ane hukama neIAT mamaki isati yasvika uye mushure mekudzora kwenguva yese yekutamba online. Zvichienderana nezvidzidzo zvakapfuura, masekete ekutanga-erivhi ane hukama zvakanyanya neiyo muropa. Ventral striatum vakatora chikamu mune tsika yekudzidza uye yekupa mubairo inosanganisira kupindwa muropa (26, 27), uye yakaderedzwa yekudzora mhedzisiro yekutanga cortex pane inobatsira maitiro ndeimwe yemashandisirwo akapindwa muropa.28, 29. Naizvozvo, isu takafungidzira kuti iyo IGD tsika inogona kuve yakabatana nematunhu ehuropi ane hukama neyekuziva kudzora (prefrontal cortex) uye iyo yekupa mubairo (ventral striatum). Ichi chidzidzo chinogona kutungamira kune zvinangwa zvitsva zvekudzivirira nekurapa IGD muvachiri kuyaruka.
Zvinhu uye Nzira
Zvidzidzo
Vechidiki makumi manomwe nevanomwe vekurudyi vechidiki (14-18 makore, akaenzana 15.54 ± 0.14) avo vakatamba mutambo weInternet vakanyoreswa muchidzidzo ichi. Makumi maviri evatori vechikamu ve67 vaive vadzidzi veChikoro cheHutano uye 47 yevatori vechikamu ve67 vaive vari kuyaruka avo vabereki vavo vakaenda navo kun'anga yechirwere chepfungwa nekuda kwe IGD inogona kuitika. Vese vatori vechikamu vakagamuchira dzidzo ye6-12 makore, kubva kuchikoro chepuraimari kusvika kusekondari. Vese vevatori vechikamu vakashandisa kupfuura 80% yenguva yepamhepo pamutambo wepamhepo. Vechidiki vechidiki chete ndivo vakanyoresa mune ino kudzidza nekuti vashoma nhamba yevakadzi vanotamba pamhepo mitambo uye vanotambura ne IGD (2, 30. Nzira yekudzingwa yaisanganisira zvinotevera: doro zvisina kufanira kana kuderera kwezvinodhaka; kuvapo kwechirwere chero chechipfungwa kana chechirwere chepfungwa chakadai sekushaya hope, migraines, tinnitus, uye hanya kushomeka hyperactive kusagadzikana; nhoroondo yehurwere hwepanyama senge kurwara kwehuropi, uropi bundu, kana kushupika kuongororwa zvinoenderana nekliniki kuongororwa uye zvinyorwa zvekurapa; Kupokana kweMRI; uye kusarongeka kuri pachena pane yakajairwa MRI. Chidzidzo ichi chiripo chakabvumidzwa neEthical Committee yeTianjin Medical University General Hospital, uye vese vevatori vechikamu uye nevanovachengeta vakapa mvumo yakanyorwa zvakanangana nemirairo yesangano.
Questionnaire
Internet kupindwa muropa bvunzo kwakashandiswa kuongororwa kuomarara kwetsika yekuda kuita IGD mune ino kudzidza. IAT ine zvinhu zve20 uye mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyi dzakatsanangurwa se1-5 chiratidzo (1 = "zvisingawanzo" kune 5 = "nguva dzose") (31. Uwandu hwese hwe 20 zvinhu zvinoyera kuomarara kweInternet kutsamira. Izvo zvakaitika pamhepo yekutamba pamhepo zvakaongororwa Via yekuzvibika pachako mibvunzo yakabvunza nezve urefu uye huwandu hwekutamba. Iyo yakazara nguva yekutamba pamhepo online yakaverengerwa semaawa pazuva akawedzerwa nemazuva ekutamba mitambo yepamhepo. Intelligence Quotient (IQ) yevatori vechikamu vese vakaedzwa vachishandisa Standard Raven's Progressive Matrices. Iko kunetseka uye kushungurudzika kwakatumirwa kuburikidza nekuzvinyora pachako kusagadzikana kusagadzikana (SAS) uye iyo yekuzviyera-pachayo kushungurudzika huwandu (SDS).
Structural MRI
Mifananidzo yakaumbwa yakawanikwa uchishandisa Motorola 3.0 T scanner (Magnetom Verio, Motorola, Erlangen, Germany). Akatevedzana 192 contiguous sagittal yakakwirira-resolution anatomical mifananidzo yakawanikwa uchishandisa matatu-matatu-mavara T1-huremu volumetric magnetization-yakagadzirirwa kukurumidza gradient-echo kutevedzera nematanho anotevera: TR = 2000 ms, TE = 2.34 ms, TI = 900 ms, flip angle = 9 °, FOV = 256 mm × 256 mm, ukobvu hwakatemwa = 1 mm, kukura kwematrix = 256 × 256.
Voxel-Yakavakirwa Morphometry (VBM) Ongororo
Mifananidzo yese yakagadziridzwa yakagadziridzwa neiyo VBM8 bhokisi rekushandisa1 yePSM8 (Wellcome Dhipatimendi Rekufungidzira Neuroscience, London, UK)2 kumhanya paMATLAB R2010a (Math Works Inc., Sherborn, MA, USA). Matatu-emhando geometric kururamisa kwakaitwa panguva yekugadziridza mifananidzo yacho. Mushure maizvozvo, mifananidzo yemunhu akazvarwa yevose vatori vechikamu yakakamurwa kuva GM, chena, (WM), uye chipanje chemuzongoza (CSF), uye zvikamu zveGM zvakagadziridzwa kuMontreal Neurological Institute template kuburikidza neeeeamorphic anatomical kunyoresa kuburikidza ne exponentiated nhema algebra ( DARTEL) (32). Mifananidzo yakanyoreswa yeGM yakazogadziriswa nekukamura Jacobian yeiyo warp munda kuti igadzirise kuwedzera kwenzvimbo kana kudzora. Iyo isotropic Gaussian kernel ye8-mm yakazara upamhi pahafu yepamusoro yakagamuchirwa kutsereredza modulated GM mifananidzo. Icho chinoreva mufananidzo weyakajairwa GM kubva kune vese vatori vechikamu yakashandiswa kugadzira iyo GM masiki iyo chikumbaridzo chakaiswa pamutengo we0.3 (mapikisheni ane akaumbirwa GM chidimbu chidimbu> 30% akasarudzwa). Ipapo iyo GM maski yakashandiswa seyakajeka masiki ekuongorora kwehuwandu kusasiya mapikisheni ane yakaderera GM mikana yemitengo.
Nhamba yekuongorora
Voxel-huchenjeri hwakawanda kuwongorora kudzora kwakaitwa kuti uongorore kuwirirana pakati peGMV neIAT mamaki kune vese vatori vechikamu mushure mekudzora kwezera uye makore ezvidzidzo. Iyo isiri-parametric inobvumidza nzira (33) yakaitwa nechisimba chishandiso chakarairwa muFRRIB Software Library (FSL)3. Iyo yekumbirisa-yemahara cluster yekuvandudza (TFCE) kuongororwa kwakaitwa sezvo ichibatanidza musango wedanho uye kukwirira kuita chibwe chimwe uye hazvidi sarudzo yekunyepedzera yemusango unoumba chikumbaridzo (34. Iyo kuwirirana pakati peGMV neIAT mamaki kwakaongororwa uchishandisa permchas-based non-parametric kuyedzwa ne5,000 random permutations. Icho chidimbu chehuwandu hwekukosha chakatsanangurwa pa P <0.01. Zvekujekesa kana iyo nguva yekutamba mutambo wepamhepo yakakanganisa kuwirirana pakati peGMV neIAT, Voxel-huchenjeri hwakawanda hwekudzokorora ongororo yakaitwazve kana ichiwedzera iyo yakazara nguva yekutamba mutambo wepamhepo sekunetsa covariate.
Masumbu ane kuwirirana pakati peGMV uye chikamu cheIAT chakatsanangurwa senzvimbo dzekufarira (ROIs), uye avhareji GMV mukati meimwe ROI yakaburitswa. ROI-based based correlation analysis yakaitwa pakati pevhareji GMV uye chikamu cheIAT mushure mekudzora kwezera nemakore emakore edzidzo. Zvino, vese vatori vechikamu vakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri zvidiki, iro rakakwira IAT mamaki eboka (IAT mamaki> 50, N = 30) uye yakaderera IAT mamaki boka (IAT mamaki ≤50, N = 37). Musiyano weGMV pakati pemavhiki maviri akaedzwa naGeneral Linear Model kuongororwa, uchidzora pazera nemakore edzidzo. Iwo akakosha madanho akaiswa kuiri P <0.05.
Results
Vatori vechikamu vaive nehuwandu hwepakati hwe46 paIAT iyo yaishandiswa kuyera IGD maitiro. Zvinyorwa zvakapedza avhareji 5.5 h / zuva pakutamba mitambo yepamhepo uye yakagara kweyakaenzana 56 mwedzi. Izvo zvechiremba uye zvehuwandu hwemagariro zvakanyorwa muTafura 1.
Tafura 1. Hunhu hwemumwe mutambi.
Voxel-Wisdom correlation kuongorora kwakaratidza kuti iyo GMVs yeiyo nyika mbiri yepasireti gyri (postCG), iyo nyika mbiri precentral gyri (preCG), kurudyi chaiko, kuruboshwe posterior midcingate cortex (pMCC), kuruboshwe inferior parietal lobe (IPL), uye iyo yekupedzisira yakasarudzika parietal lobe (IPL), uye iyo kurudyi yepakati frontal gyrus (MFG) yakanyanya kuwiriraniswa kune yeIAT chiratidzo (Mufananidzo 1; Tafura 2). Mufananidzo 2 inoratidza iyo ROI-yakavakirwa kuwirirana pakati peGMV neIAT chiratidzo. Mushure menguva yakazara yekutamba yepamhepo yakawedzerwa sechipangamazano, kuwiriraniswa kuchiripo pakati peIAT neGMV yenyika yechipiri postCG, kuruboshwe preCG, kuruboshwe pMCC, uye kurudyi MFG (Mufananidzo 3; Tafura 3).
Mufananidzo 1. Matunhu ehuropi anoratidza asina kunaka marongero akaenzaniswa neInternet kupindwa muropa nemuyedzo (IAT) mamaki muvadiki vemitambo yemitambo yepwere. Iyo IAT mucherechedzo yakanga isina kukodzera kuenderana neiyo grey-mambo mavhoriyamu (GMVs) epasirese repcentral gyri, iyo nyika yepamberi yekutanga gyri, kurudyi kurudyi, kuruboshwe kwepasireti yepakati cingate cortex, kuruboshwe kwakaderera parietal lobule, uye kurudyi kwepakati frontal gyrus. Nhamba dziri pasi pemifananidzo ndeye Montreal Neurological Institute inoronga pa z-axis. Iyo colorbar inomiririra −log p.
Tafura 2. Matunhu ehuropi airatidza zvimiro zvekuenzanisa neInternet addiction test (IAT) chikoro.
Mufananidzo 2. Dunhu-re-kufarira (ROI) -kugadziriswa kwekugadziriswa kwekuenzanisa pakati pegrey-jambo vhoriyamu (GMV) neiyo Internet inodhaka bvunzo (IAT) chikoro. Iyo yakasara yakashandiswa nekuti zera uye makore edzidziso aidzorwa panguva yekugadzirisa kuwongorora.
Mufananidzo 3. Matunhu ehuropi anoratidza asina kunaka marongero akaenderana neInternet kupindwa muropa nemuyedzo (IAT) mamakisi evechiri kuyaruka emitambo vatambi mushure mekudzora kwenguva yakazara yekutamba online mutambo. Mutsetse weIAT waiverengerwa zvakashata kune grey-mambo mavhoriyamu (GMVs) epasirese postcentral gyri, kuruboshwe precentral gyrus, kuruboshwe posterior mid cingate cortex, uye kurudyi kwepakati frontal gyrus. Nhamba dziri pasi pemifananidzo ndeye Montreal Neurological Institute inoronga pa z-axis. Iyo colorbar inomiririra −log p.
Tafura 3. Nzvimbo dzakaratidza zvimisikidzwa zvakabatana neInternet kupindwa muropa nemuyedzo (IAT) mamaki mushure mekudzora kwenguva yese yekutamba online.
Sezvinoonekwa muTafura 4, apo vatori vechikamu pavakakamurwa muzvikamu zviviri zvinoenderana nechikamu cheIAT, iro chikamu chidiki chakakwira mamakisi eIAT (mamakisi eIAT> 50) yaive neGMV yakaderera mumatunhu manomwe kusvika masere zvichienzaniswa neboka repasi rine chikamu chepasi cheIAT (zvibodzwa zveIAT ≤ 50) (P <0.05).
Tafura 4. Dunhu-re- kufarira (ROI) -kuenzanisa kuenzanisa kweiyo grey-jambo vhoriyamu (GMV) pakati pezvikamu zviviri.
hurukuro
Muchidzidzo chiripo, kushamwaridzana pakati peGMV ne IGD tsika kwakaongororwa mukati mehuropi hwese muvachiri vechidiki vepamhepo mutambo wevatambi. Mushure mekudzora mhedzisiro yenguva yakazara yekutamba pamhepo, ma GMV echikamu chechipiri chakabatana postCG, kuruboshwe preCG, kuruboshwe pMCC, uye kurudyi MFG yaive ichiri kuwirirana nemaitiro eGD. Vechiri kuyaruka vane yakaderera GMV mumatunhu ehuropi ane hukama ne sensorimotor process uye kubata kwekuziva kwakange kune yakakwira IGD maitiro.
Izvo zvaienderana nefungidziro yekuti iyo GMV iri muMFG, sechikamu chepamberi pecortex inosanganisirwa nekudzora kwekuziva (35, 36), yaipindirana zvisina kunaka ne IGD maitiro. Zvimiro zvekunakisa uye kunoshanda kwakabikwa zvakanyanya mune vamwe vanhu vane IGD (37-40. Semuenzaniso, zvishoma activation mu prefrontal cortex yakawanikwa muIA (40. Zvidzidzo zvakapfuura zvakaratidza yakaderera GM density uye GMV mune prefrontal cortex mune IGD vanhu (37, 39. Diki amplitude yekudzikira-kudzokorora kusanzwisisika mukati mekurudyi MFG kwakaratidzirwawo mu IGD vanhu (41. Kubatwa zvisina kufanira mu preortal cortex kwakawanikwawo mune vanhu vanopindwa muropa nezvinodhaka sevaya vanoshandisa mbanje uye nevanobata cocaine abusers.42-44. Shanduko dzakafanana mukuita basa kwekubatana kweiyo prefrontal cortex yakaratidzwa muvanhu vane doro rekuvimba uye vanhu vane IGD (45, 46. Izvi zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti chimiro kana chinoshanda chemamiriro ekutanga eportal cortex yakabatana neiyo kupindwa muropa. Muchidzidzo ichi, GMV yeiyo MFG yekurudyi yakaverengerwa zvakashata kune yeIAT chikero, uye yakanga yakaderera mune yakakwirira yeIAT mepu subgroup kupfuura iyo iri yakaderera IAT mamaki epasi. Structural abnormality mune iyo MFG chaiyo inogona kutungamira mukukanganiswa kwekutonga kwekutonga mumitambo yevatambi vepamhepo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vatambi vepamhepo pamhepo havana kugona kudzora dambudziko ravo pamhepo yekutamba uye vakaratidza tsika yakakwira kune IGD.
Asina kunaka nefungidziro, hatina kuwana iyo GMV yeiyo ventral striatum inogadzirisa neIAT chiratidzo. Iyo ventral striatum inzvimbo yakaoma inoenderana neiyo kupindwa muropa, uye kazhinji inopa kusanzwisiswa kwebasa muvanhu vane kupindwa muropa (26, 27. Mukudzidza kwedu, takatarisa pane vechidiki vepamhepo mitambo yevatambi asi kwete chete IGD vanhu, iyo ingave iri tsananguro inogoneka kumhedzisiro yakaipa yeiyo ventral striatum. Nekudaro, izvi zvakashata mhedzisiro inofanirwa kuve yakasimbiswa mukudzidzira kwemberi nehukuru hukuru hwemuenzaniso.
Tisingatarisiri, iyo preCG, postCG, uye pMCC inobatanidzwa mune sensorimotor process yakaratidza kusagadzikana kwakabatana neIAT chiratidzo. Iyo preCG yakaita basa rakakura pakuronga mota uye kuitisa (47. Kuyaruka inguva yakaoma yekukura kwemukati, uye inowanzo kukanganiswa nezvinhu zvakasikwa. Zvidzidzo zvakapfuura zvakaratidza kuti doro nekushandiswa kwezvinodhaka zvinogona kuchinja iyo GMV muuropi huri kukura hwevachiri kuyaruka (48. Chidzidzo chakaratidza kushandisa kwenguva refu kushandisa methamphetamine kwakabatana nekuderedzwa kweGMV mu preCG (49. Mukudzidza kwedu, iyo GMV ye preCG yaive yakaderera mune yakakwirira yeIAT mepu subgroup pane iyo iri yakaderera IAT mamaki epasi. Kufunga nezvekudzivirira uye kudzvanyirira kwechiitiko kwakabatana neepakati mota cortex (50), iyo yakaderera GMV ye preCG inogona kunge ine hukama neiyo IGD tsika. Iyo postCG ine yepakati sensory cortex uye inobatanidzwa mukubatanidza ruzivo rwepfungwa (24. Iko kusagadzikana kwakabatana pakati peGMV ye postCG uye iyo IAT chirevo zvinoreva yakaderera GMV yenzvimbo ino muvanhu vane yakakwira IAT mamaki. Abnormal function yekubatana kweye postCG yakawanikwa mune vachiri kuyaruka ne IGD (51. Iyo yakaderera GMV uye cortical ukobvu hweiyo postCG yakaratidzirwawo, nenzira imwecheteyo, mune vanoshandisa heroin (52) nevachiri kuyaruka vane zvinodhaka zvepamhepo zvekupindwa muropa (53. Iyo yekuremara postCG inogona kutungamira mukusagadzikana mukugamuchira, kugadzirisa, uye kubatanidza zviratidzo zvinoenderana nemuviri uye inogona kutadza kutungamira maitiro anoenderera ane chekuita nekumuka, kutarisisa, kushushikana, mubairo, uye mamiriro ekupedzisira, uye pakupedzisira zvakabatana neiyo kupindwa muropa (54. Muchidzidzo ichi, zvakasarudzika zvakasarudzika zvinoenderana neIAT mamaki yakawanikwawo kuruboshwe pMCC. Iyo pMCC inoratidza yakawandisa inoshanda kubatana nehuropi matunhu akabatanidzwa mune sensorimotor network (55, 56) uye ine basa rakakosha pakugadzirisa sensorimotor kusanganisa uye mota control (57. Nzvimbo dze sensorimotor hadzingodzore chete zvinhu zvakakosha zvekufambisa asi zvinogona zvakare kuumba maitiro emunhu (58. Izvo zvinoshanda zvimiro zve sensorimotor network zvinogona kukodzera kuzviitira / kuzvijairira maitiro mune kupindwa muropa (59. Sensorimotor cortex kukanganisika kwakataurwa zvakare mune vanhu vane cocaine kupindwa muropa (60, 61uye doro kumedza62. Kutorwa pamwe chete, kuderedzwa kweGMVs mukati me preCG, postCG, uye pMCC inogona kuve nehukama pamwe nehunhu hwe sensorimotor network, uye yakawedzera kubatana neiyo IGD maitiro.
Muchidzidzo chiripo, kusawirirana pakati peIAT mamaki uye GMVs yekurudyi preCG / postCG, iyo IPL yekuruboshwe, uye kurudyi kwemhedzisiro yakanyangarika mushure mokutonga kwemhedzisiro yenguva yakazara yekutamba pamhepo. Iyo preCG / postCG yaibatanidzwa mune sensorimotor process (63); iyo IPL uye chaiyoiyo chiitiko chaive chakanyatsoenderana nekuona uye nechinangwa chekugadzirisa.64-66. Kuita mutambo wemitambo kunoda kuti vatambi vateerere zvizere kushanduko diki muchiratidziro kwenguva yakareba vobva vakuvadza kugona kwavo kwekuona (65), iyo ingave nehukama neyeGMV kuderedzwa mumatunhu anoonekwa ane hukama. Zvidzidzo zvakapfuura zvakaratidza kuderera kweGMV yeiyo precuneus (8) uye nekuderera kweyecortical ukobvu hweIPL (53) mune vanhu vane online mutambo kupindwa muropa. Zvatakawana zvakaratidza kuti kuderedzwa kweGMV mune mamwe matunhu ehuropi ane hukama neyekutarisirwa kwekutarisa uye sensorimotor maitiro akafurirwa nenguva yakazara yekutamba online mutambo, iyo yaive nemukurumbira mhedzisiro yekutamba online mutambo.
Mipimo yakati wandei inofanira kucherechedzwa mukudzidza kwedu. Chekutanga, kunyangwe kumwe kuwiriraniswa kwakaratidzwa pakati peuropi GMV uye IAT mamaki, iyo causality haigoni kujekeswa mune iyi yekuwirirana kuongororwa. Iyo inocherechedzwa yakaderera GMV muvachiri kuyaruka vane yakakwira yeIAT mamakisi inogona kunge iri mhedzisiro yekunyanyisa online mutambo uchitamba kana mamiriro epreexisting ayo anonzwira IGD. Chechipiri, iyo IAT iri subjential mibvunzo yekubvunza uye zvimwe chinangwa nzira dzekuongorora maitiro e IGD anodiwa. Yetatu, iyo nguva yakazara yekutamba mitambo yeInternet yaingori chiyero chingangodaro uye chingave chisina kunyatso kukwana. Chechina, hatina kukwanisa kuburitsa kunze kwemhedzisiro yemutambo mutambo pane zvawanikwa, izvo zvinofanirwa kufungwa mune inotevera fundo. Pakupedzisira, vechidiki vezera vechidiki ndivo vakanyoreswa mukudzidza kwedu. Naizvozvo, izvo zviripo parizvino zvinongotenderwa kuvarume vechidiki vari pamhepo mutambo wevatambi.
mhedziso
Muchidzidzo ichi, kuwirirana kwechimiro kune IGD tsika kwakaongororwa muboka revachiri kuyaruka vemitambo yemitambo. Iyo GMV yematunhu ehuropi ane hukama neye sensorimotor process uye kungwara kwekutonga yakawanikwa yakabatana neIAT chiratidzo. Iyo yakaderera GMV yematunhu ane hukama ne sensorimotor process uye kungwara kwekutonga inogona kuenderana neiyo yakakwira IGD maitiro, ayo anogona kutungamira kune mitsva mitsva yekudzivirira nekurapa IGD muhudiki.
Ethics Statement
Chidzidzo ichi chiripo chakabvumidzwa neEthical Committee yeTianjin Medical University General Hospital, uye vese vevatori vechikamu uye nevanovachengeta vakapa mvumo yakanyorwa zvakanangana nemirairo yesangano.
Munyori Mipiro
NP, YY, XL, uye QZ vakagadzira research. XQ, XD, GD, YZ, uye QZ vakaita ongororo. YY yaibatanidzwa mukuongororwa kwekiriniki. NP, YZ, GD, uye QZ vakaongorora data. NP, YZ, XL, YY, uye QZ vakanyora pepa.
Kurwisana kweShoko Nyaya
Vanyori vanotaura kuti kutsvakurudza kwakaitwa mukusabatwa kweukama hwekutengeserana kana hwezvemari hunogona kunzi sekugona kukakavara kwechido.
Mashoko Omuzasi
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