ZVIMUBVUNZO: Izvi zvinopa uchapupu hwepfungwa yedu yekunyengedzera sezvinotsanangurwa mumavhidhiyo edu uye nenyaya. Zvinoratidzika kuti nzira dzinoverengeka dzinogona kutanga kutora zvokudya, uye zvichida zvepabonde, asi kusagadzikana kusingaperi kunoita kuti kuwedzerwa kweDeltaFosB uye kupindwa muropa kwehutano-kukanganiswa kwehupi hunochinja.
Study Links Insulin Action PaBrains Reward Kutenderera Kuwedzerwa (2011)
Vatsvakurudzi vanoparidza munyaya yaJune yaMetabolism, bhuku reClus Press, vane zvavanotaura ndevamwe kutanga kutanga uchapupu hwakasimba hwekuti insulin ine zvinokonzera pamutambo wekupa muuropi. Miti dzine mukana wekugadzirira hazvikwanise kupindura insulini kudya zvakanyanya uye kuva dzakaoma, zvinoratidza.
Izvo zvinowanikwa zvinoratidza kuti insulin kusagadzikana kunogona kubatsira kutsanangura kuti sei avo vakaremara vangazviwana zvakaoma kukunda muedzo wezvokudya uye kutora uremu kure.
"Ukangofutisa kana kutsvedzerera ukawana simba rakaringana, insulini inoshomeka mu [nzvimbo yemubairo yeuropi] inogona kutenderera zvakashata," "akadaro Jens Brüning weMax Planck Institute yeNeurological Research. "Hapana humbowo uku ndiko kutanga kwenzira yekuneta, asi zvinogona kunge zviri izvo zvakakosha zvinopa kufutisa uye kuoma kwatinako pakubata nazvo."
Ongororo dzakapfuura dzainge dzakanangana nekukanganisa kwe insulini pahypothalamus yeuropi, nharaunda inodzora maitiro ekudyisa mune izvo Brüning zvinorondedzera sekumira kwekutanga uye kutanga "kufungidzira." Asi, anodaro, isu tese tinoziva vanhu vanodya zvakanyanya nekuda kwezvikonzero zvine zvakawanda zvekuita neuropsychology kupfuura zvavanoita nenzara. Tinodya zvinoenderana nekambani yatinochengeta, hwema hwechikafu uye nemanzwiro edu. "Tinogona kunzwa takaguta asi tinoramba tichidya," akadaro Brüning.
Bhizimisi rake raida kunzwisisa zviri nani zvikomborero zvezvokudya uye kunyanya kuti insulin inokonzera sei hupamhi hunoita mabasa. Vakatarisa pamakoroni makuru emukatikati emvura anosunungura dopamine, ikemikari messenger muuropi yakabatanidzwa mukukurudzira, kurangwa nemubairo, pakati pemamwe mabasa. Apo insulini yairatidza yakanga isingagadziri mukati maNeuron iyo, mbeve dzakakura uye dzairema sezvo dzikadya zvakanyanya.
Vakaona kuti insulini inowanzoita kuti neuroni idzodzo dzinopisa kakawanda, mhinduro yakarasika mumhuka isina insulin receptors. Iyo mitsara yakaratidzawo kuchinja kwakagadziriswa kwecocaine uye shuga apo zvokudya zvakanga zvisingakwanisi, humwe humwe uchapupu hwekuti nzvimbo dzinopa mubayiro dzeuropi dzinovimba ne insulini kuti iite zvakanaka.
Kana zviwanikwa zvichibatana nevanhu, vangave vaine kliniki chaiyo.
"Pamwe chete, kudzidza kwedu kunoratidza chinzvimbo chakakosha che insulin mu catecholaminergic neurons mukutora kwenguva refu kwekudya," vaongorori vacho vakanyora. ” Kujekeswazve kwenzvimbo chaidzo (s) dzenzou uye masero enzira anokonzeresa izvi zvinogona kutsanangudza zvingangotarisirwa pakurapa kufutisa. ”
Sekuita danho rinotevera, Brüning vakati vanoronga kuita maitiro anoshandiswa magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) zvidzidzo kune vanhu vane insulin vakagadzirirwa kuuropi kuti vaone kuti izvi zvinogona kuita sei basa mubato remubairo.
Insulin chiito muuropi chinogona kutungamirira kukurema (2011)
June 6th, 2011 muNeuroscience
Chikafu chakakora-mafuta chinokuita iwe mafuta. Kuseri kweiyi equation yakapusa kurara nenzira dzakaomarara dzekuratidzira nzira, kuburikidza neayo maurotransmitter mukati mehuropi anodzora simba remuviri. Masayendisiti paCologne-based Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research uye Cluster of Excellence muChelar Stress Responses muAging-Related Associates (CECAD) paYunivhesiti yeCologne vakanotsanangura danho rinokosha munharaunda iyi yakaoma yekuita dunhu.
Vakabudirira mukuratidza kuti mahomoni insulini inoshanda muchikamu cheuropi inozivikanwa se-ventromedial hypothalamus. Kushandiswa kwezvokudya zvakakosha kunokonzera kuti insulini yakawanda isunungurwe ne pancreas. Izvi zvinokonzera kujekesa kuitika mumasero ehutano chaiwo muuropi, SF-1 neurons, umo iyo enzyme P13-kinase ine basa rinokosha. Pamusoro pezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvepakati, insulin inodzivisa kutapurirwa kwemasimba emagetsi nenzira yakadai kuti kunzwa kwechigarire kunopedzwa uye kushandiswa kwesimba kunoderedzwa. Izvi zvinokurudzira kuwandisa uye kuneta.
Iyo hypothalamus inoita basa rakakosha musimba homeostasis: kudzora kwesimba remagetsi mwero. Neuroni dzinokosha mune chikamu ichi cheuropi, inozivikanwa sePOMC cells, inogadzirisa kune vanodzivirira mhepo uye saka inodzora mufambiro wekudya uye kushandisa mari. Ihomoni inonzi insulin inokosha messenger messenger. Insulini inokonzera kuti carbohydrate idyiwe muzvokudya kuti iendeswe kunoshandura masero (semuviri masumbu) uye inozowanika kune aya masero semasimba ekushandisa. Kana chikafu chine mafuta akawanda chikapedzwa, insulini yakawanda inogadzirwa mupancreas, uye kusangana kwayo muuropi kunowedzerawo. Iko kudyidzana pakati peiyo insulini uye maseru akanangwa muuropi anoitawo basa rakakosha mukutonga kwesimba remuviri. Zvisinei, zvakanyatsojeka maitiro emakemikari ari mushure mekutonga kunoitwa ne insulin haasati ajeka.
Bhuku rekutsvakurudza rinotungamirirwa naJens Brüning, Mutungamiriri weMaxim Planck Institute for Neurological Research uye muongorori wesayenzi weEECCAD (Mazwi Evanhu Vanokonzera Kushungurudzika Kwemagariro muAging-Associated Diseases) musasa wekubwinya paYunivhesiti yeCologne yakawana danho rinokosha mukutsanangurwa kwe ichi chakaoma kuraira.
Sezvo masayendisiti aratidza, insulini muSF-1 neurons - rimwe boka revanononi mu hypothalamus - rinoita kuti chiratidzo chinoputika. Zvinofadza, asi, masero aya anowanikwa chete kuti atongorwe ne insulini apo zvokudya zvakanyanya-mafuta zvinopedzwa uye kana pane kuwandisa. Iyo enzyme P13-kinase inoita basa rinokosha munharaunda iyi yevatumwa zvinhu. Mukati mematanho ekupindira mukugadzirisa, iyo enzyme inoshandisa ion chiteshi uye zvinodzivirira kutapurirwa kwemaitiro emagunha. Vatsvakurudzi vanofungidzira kuti SF-1 masero anotaura nenzira iyi nemasero ePOMC.
Kinases ma enzymes ayo anoita mamwe mamorekuru kuburikidza ne phosphorylation - kuwedzerwa kweboka re phosphate kune protein kana imwe organic molecule. "Kana insulin ikasunga kune inogamuchira pamusoro peSF-1 maseru, zvinokonzeresa kushanda kwePI3-kinase," anotsanangura Tim Klöckener, munyori wekutanga wechidzidzo. "Iyo PI3-kinase, zvakare, inodzora kuumbwa kwePIP3, imwe inoratidza mamorekuru, kuburikidza ne phosphorylation. PIP3 inogadzira migero inoenderana iri mumadziro esero inokwana kupinda muioniyamu ye potassium. ” Kuwanda kwavo kunokonzeresa kuti neuron iite 'moto' zvishoma nezvishoma uye kutapurirana kwesimba remagetsi kunodzvinyirirwa.
"Naizvozvo, mune vanhu vakafutisa, insulini ingangoita zvisina kunangana inodzivisa maPOMC neurons, ayo anokonzeresa kunzwa kuguta, kuburikidza nepakati pechiteshi cheSF-1 neurons," Anofunga musayendisiti. "Panguva imwecheteyo, kune kumwe kuwedzera mukudya. ” Uchapupu hwakananga hwekuti mapoka maviri e-neuroni anotaura kune mumwe nemumwe nenzira iyi achiripo kuti awanikwe, zvakadaro.
Kuti uwane kuti insulin inoshanda sei muuropi, masayendisiti eCologne-based akaenzanisa mitsara isina mukana we insulini paSF-1 neurons nemakonzo ane insulin receptors akanga asina kumira. Nezvokudya zvinowanzoshandiswa, vatsvakurudzi vakawana hapana kusiyana pakati pemapoka maviri. Izvi zvingaratidza kuti insulini haina kushandisa simba guru pamabasa emasero aya vanhu vashoma. Zvisinei, apo mapurisa aidya zvokudya zvakakora, avo vane chirwere chisina kusimba chekugamuchira insulin vakaramba vachireruka, asi vamwe vavo vane basa rekugamuchira zvakagadzirwa nokukurumidza. Kuwedzera kwekurema kwakakonzerwa nekuwedzera kwechido uye kuderedzwa kwekodori mari. Izvozvo zvinokonzera insulini zvinogona kuita shanduko yekushanduka-shanduka nemuviri kuenda kune zvokudya zvisina kukodzera uye nguva yakareba yenzara: kana kuwedzerwa zvakakwana kwezvokudya zvemafuta zvakakosha kwechinguva, muviri unogona kuisa simba rekuchengetedza simba zvakanyanya kubudirira kuburikidza nekuita kwe insulini .
Parizvino hazvigoneke kutaura kuti zvakawanikwa pakutsvagisa izvi zvichazobatsira kubatsira kupindira kwakanangana nemasimba emuviri. "Parizvino tichiri kure kure nechikumbiro chinoshanda," anodaro Jens Brüning. “Chinangwa chedu ndechekuziva kuti nzara nekunzwa kuguta zvinomuka sei. Ndipo chete patinonzwisisa mashandiro ese pano, ndipo patinokwanisa kutanga kugadzira marapirwo. ”
Mamwe mashoko: Tim Klöckener, Simon Hess, Bengt F. Belgardt, Lars Paeger, Linda AW Verhagen, Andreas Husch, Jong-Woo Sohn, Brigitte Hampel, Harveen Dhillon, Jeffrey M. Zigman, Bradford B. Lowell, Kevin W. Williams, Joel K. Elmquist, Tamas L. Horvath, Peter Kloppenburg, Jens C. Brüning, Kudya Kwemafuta Kunokurudzira Kuwedzerwa neUni Indulin Receptor / P13k-Inodzivirira Inhibition yaSF-1 VMH Neurons, Nature Neuroscience, June 5th 2011
Yakapiwa Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Binge Mechanism Yakakonzerwa Nefuta Mumakumbo Kukurudzira Endocannabinoids (2011)
Kudzidza Kunowana Nei Tichida Chips & Fries
Stephanie Pappas, LiveScience Senior Writer
Zuva: 04 July 2011
Zvakaoma kudya chiputi chimwe chete chembatatisi, uye chidzidzo chitsva chinogona kutsanangura kuti sei.
Zvikafu zvine mafuta kunge machipisi nematafura zvinokonzeresa kuti muviri uburitse makemikari akafanana neaya anowanikwa mumbanje, vanotsvaga vanotaura nhasi mupepanhau Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). Aya makemikari, anonzi "endocannabinoids," chimwe chikamu chechitenderera chinokuchengetedza iwe kuti udzoke kwekungoruma kamwe chete kwechizi chizi, chidzidzo chakawanikwa.
"Ichi chiratidzo chekutanga chekuti endocannabinoid inoratidzira mumatumbu inoita basa rakakosha mukudzora kudya kwemafuta," akaongorora mutsvakurudzi Daniele Piomelli, purofesa wezvemishonga paYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, Irvine, akadaro muchitauti.
Kuzvigadzirira marijuana makemikari
Chidzidzo chacho chakawana kuti mafuta ari mudumbu anokonzeresa kuburitswa kweendocannabinoids muuropi, asi zvinhu zvegrey pakati penzeve dzako handiyo yega nhengo inogadzira mbanje-semakemikari. Ganda revanhu rinoitawo zvinhu. Ganda cannabinoids inogona kutamba basa rakafanana kwatiri sezvavanoita kune zvirimwa zvehari: Kuchengetedzwa kwemafuta kubva kumhepo nezuva.
Endocannabinoids inozivikanwa kuti inokonzera kudya uye pfungwa yekuravira, maererano nehuwandu hweC2009 muPNAS, inotsanangura vanhu vemunchies kuwana pavanosvuta mbanje.
Muchidzidzo chitsva, Piomelli nevamwe vaaishanda vakagadzira makonzo nemabhairi ayo aizodurura zviri mumimba yavo sezvavakadya kana kunwa. Izvo zviputi zvemudumbu zvakabvumira vatsvakurudzi kuti vataure kana mafuta akanga achiita nerurimi, mune izvozvi ivo vaizoona a
endocannabinoid kuburitswa kunyangwe nemachubhu akaisirwa, kana mumatumbu, mune iyo kesi ivo vaisazoona maitiro.
Makonzo acho aifanira kuputika pahutano hwehutano (vanilla kuve nechokwadi), chirongwa cheshuga, mvura inopfumisa-protein inonzi peptone, kana chinwiwa chemafuta chinogadzirwa nemafuta echibage. Ipapo vatsvakurudzi vakashandura uye vakaparadzanisa makonzo, vachikurumidza kusunungura nhengo dzavo kuti vaongorore.
Nokuda kwemafuta
Kuravira shuga nemapuroteni hazvina kukanganisa kuburitswa kwemakemikari embanje echisimba emuviri, vatsvakurudzi vakawana. Asi kufungidzira pane mafuta kwakadaro. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti mafuta parurimi anokonzeresa chiratidzo kuuropi, icho chinobva chatumira meseji kuzasi kweguvhu kuburikidza nesunga bundle inonzi vagus nerve. Meseji iyi inoraira kugadzirwa kwe endocannabinoids mudumbu, iyo inoitisa kupaza kwemamwe masaini ese achisunda iwo iwo meseji: Idya, idya, idya!
Uyu mharidzo ingadai yakabatsira mumamiriro ekushanduka-shanduka ezvemhuka dzenyama, Piomelli akati. Mafuta anonyanya kukosha kuti apone, uye vaimbova zvakaoma kuuya nemuzvokudya zvemamamalia. Asi munyika yanhasi, uko chitoro chiri nyore chakazara nechikafu chisina kudya chinogara pamakona ese, rudo rwekushanduka-shanduka rwemafuta zvinodzokera zviri nyore.
Zvinowanikwa zvinoratidza kuti nekudzivisa kugamuchira kwemashoko endocannabinoid, vaongorori vezvehutano vanogona kukwanisa kuputsa chirwere chinotungamirira vanhu kudya kudya kwemafuta. Kudzivirira endocannabinoid receptors muuropi inogona kukonzera kushungurudzika uye kuora mwoyo, Piomelli akati, asi mushonga wakagadzirirwa kutarisa chirwere chacho haugoni kukonzera migumisiro iyo yakaipa.
Zvokudya zvisina kudya zvinokanganisa maitiro ekutsvaga kutsvaga kwehuropi (2015)
February 23, 2016 naChristopher Packham
(Medical Xpress) —Denda razvino rekufutisa munyika dzakabudirira rinofanira kunge riri yambiro kuvakuru vehutano munyika dzichiri kusimukira nemisika ichangovhurwa. Vagadziri vezvekudya, makambani anotengesa zvekudyira mumaresitorendi, maketeni ezvekudya uye vashambadziri vanoshanda pamwe kuti vagadzire nharaunda umo zvinonaka kwazvo, zvekudya zvine simba uye zvirevo zvine hukama zviri nyore kuwana zvisinei, vanhu vachiri neapuratifomu yekuvakisa neural inokodzera zvakanyanya nharaunda yekushomeka kwechikafu. Mune mamwe mazwi, kuronga kwehuropi kunogona kuita kuti zviome kubata chikafu chemazuva ano chikafu nenzira ine hutano.
Vanhu, senge mhuka dzese, vane echinyakare magene ekuronga akachinjika zvakanangana kuti ave nechokwadi chekudya chikafu uye kutsvaga kwekudya maitiro. Zvakatipoteredza zvirevo zvine simba zvinokanganisa maitiro aya nekushandura maratidziro emagetsi, uye makambani akagadzirisa sainzi yekumisikidza mhinduro yemufaro wevanhu uye pamwe nekusaziva kuumbiridza huropi hwevanhu kuti vatsvage zvakawandisa macalorie. Munharaunda yakapfuma mune zvinonaka kwazvo, zvekudya zvine simba, kuwanda kwezvinhu zvine chekuita nechikafu kunogona kutungamira mukutsvaga kwekudya uye kudya zvakanyanya zvisinei nekuguta, mutyairi anogona kufutisa.
Boka revatsvakurudzi veCanada kuYunivhesiti yeCalgary neYunivhesiti yeBritish Columbia munguva pfupi yapfuura vakabudisa migumisiro yechirongwa chegumbo mune Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences mune izvo zvavakatsvaga nzira dzetsika dzakasara shure kwekuchinja uku mukuita-kutsvaga kwekudya.
Kuronga zvirongwa zvekudya zvinouya mune ramangwana
Vanotaura kuti kushandiswa kwechinguva chiduku kwezvokudya zvinotapira-kunyanya, kunotapira zvokudya zvakakora-chaizvoizvo zvinokonzera kudya kwemazuva ano munguva yekudya. Vakaona kuti mhinduro yacho inopindirana nekusimbiswa kwekunakidzwa kwema synaptic kutenderera pane dopamine neurons, uye inoguma kwemazuva mushure mekutanga kwe24-awa kuratidzwa kwezvokudya zvine mafuta akawanda.
Shanduko idzi dzinoitika muuropi's ventral tegmental nzvimbo (VTA) uye ayo mesolimbic fungidziro, nzvimbo inobatanidzwa mukugadzirisa nzvimbo yezvakatipoteredza anoshandiswa pakufanotaura zviitiko zvinokurudzira-mune mamwe mazwi, iVTA inofanirwa nekusika zvishuvo zvekukurudzira kunowanikwa kune mubairo mune imwe nzira.
Vatsvakurudzi vanonyora kuti, "Nekuti kuwedzerwazve kwekunakidzwa kwesinaptic kutapurirana pane dopamine neurons inofungidzirwa kuti inoshandura kusarerekera kukurudziro kune ruzivo rwakakosha, shanduko idzi mukutapurika kwesynaptic kutapurirana kunogona kukonzera kuwedzera kwekudya-maitiro maitiro akacherechedzwa mazuva mushure mekuratidzwa kune zvinotapira zvine mafuta akawanda uye zvinogona kutanga kuwedzera kudya. ”
Zvinokwanisika nzira dzokurapa kunobata
Simba rinosimbiswa remasikirini rinotora kwemazuva mushure mekutsvaga kune zvakanyanya-simba-masimba ezvokudya, uye inopindirana nekuwedzera kunakidza syntaptic density. Vatsvakurudzi vakawana kuti kuisa insulin zvakananga kuVTA kunyanya kunakidza synaptic transmission inopinda dopamine neurons uye inopedza zvachose maitiro ekutsvaga kwezvokudya akachengetwa mushure mekunge 24-awa isvika kune zvokudya zvakasvibira zvakakora.
Munguva iyoyo yekuwana chikafu, huwandu hwenzvimbo dzekuburitsa masitamin pane dopamine neurons inowedzera. Insulin inoshanda kuvhara aya masosi, ichikwikwidza ne glutamate. Vachiona kuti izvi zvinoratidza nzira yekurapa yekuneta, vanyori vanonyora, "Saka, ramangwana basa rinofanira kuona kana intranasal insulin inogona kudzikisira kudya zvakanyanya nekuda kwekudya kwekutanga kunokonzerwa nekudya kunonaka kana chikafu- zvine hukama. ”
More mashoko: Kushandiswa kwezvokudya zvinonaka zvinokonzerwa kudya kudya nzira yekuita nekuwedzera nokukurumidza synaptic simba mukati meVTA. PNAS 2016; rakabudiswa mberi kwekudhinda February 16, 2016, DOI: 10.1073 / pnas.1515724113
ngovepo
Munharaunda ine nyore kuwana chikafu chinonaka uye chine simba, zvikafu zvine chekuita nechikafu zvinotya kutsvaga chikafu zvisinei nekuguta, mhedzisiro inogona kukonzera kufutisa. Iyo ventral tegmental nzvimbo (VTA) uye yayo mesolimbic fungidziro zvimiro zvakaomarara zvine chekuita nekudzidza kwenzvimbo dzekushambadzira dzinoshandiswa kufanotaura zvinokurudzirwa zvinoenderana. Priming mhedzisiro yekushambadzira inoenderana nechikafu uye kudyiwa kwechikafu chinonaka kunogona kutyaira kudya. Nekudaro, iyo mashandiro ayo maitiro aya anoitika, uye kana aya ekutanga mhedzisiro mazuva ekupedzisira mushure mekudyiwa, hazvizivikanwe. Pano, isu tinoratidzira kuti kwenguva pfupi-nguva yekudya inonaka inonaka inogona kutanga ramangwana chikafu nzira dzekuzvibata uye kudya kwekudya. Mhedzisiro iyi inopindirana nekusimbiswa kwekunakidzwa kweiyo synaptic kutapurirana pane dopamine mauroni ayo anotanga kugadziriswa nekuwedzera kwechinguva kwezwi endocannabinoid, asi inotora mazuva mushure mekutanga 24-h kuratidzwa kune inotapira yakakwira-mafuta chikafu (SHF). Iyi inowedzera simba reSynaptic inopindirana nekuwedzera kusingaperi mukunakidzwa kweiyo synaptic density kuVTA dopamine neurons. Kutungamirirwa kwe insulini muVTA, iyo inodzvinyirira kufadza synaptic kutapurirana pane dopamine neurons, inogona kudzima chikafu maitiro maitiro uye kudya kwekudya kunoonekwa mazuva mushure me24-h kuwana SHF. Mhedzisiro iyi inoratidza kuti kunyangwe kuratidzwa kwenguva pfupi kune chikafu chinonaka kunogona kufambisa hunhu hwekudya mune ramangwana ne "rewiring" mesolimbic dopamine neurons.
Vanotsvakurudza vanozarura nzira muuropi dzinoparadzanisa kudya kwekuda kubva pakuchiva (2016)
March 8, 2016
Vatsvakurudzi vanoongorora zvinetso zvekudya vanowanzodzidza zvemakemikari nemagariro europi muuropi kuwana zviratidzo zvekudya zvakanyanya. Kunzwisisa kusina-homeostatic kudya-kana kudya kunoshandiswa zvakanyanya nekugadziriswa, tsika uye zvokudya-uye kuti zvinoshanda sei muuropi zvinogona kubatsira nyanzvi dzesayenzi dzichatsanangura nzira yekudzivirira nayo zvido, kuchengetedza zviyero zvakanaka uye kukurudzira mararamiro ane hutano. Masayendisiti kuYunivhesiti yeMissin munguva pfupi yapfuura akawana makemikari emitambo uye nzira muuropi dzinoparadzanisa kudya kwekuchiva kubva kuchido. Kuziva zvakawanda pamusoro pezvirongwa izvi zvinogona kubatsira vatsvakurudzi kuwedzera zvinodhaka zvinoderedza kudya kwekudya.
"Kudya kusiri-kumba kunogona kufungidzirwa sekudya dhizeti kana uchinge wadya chikafu chose," akadaro Kyle Parker, aimbove mudzidzi wechikoro uye muongorori muMU Bond Life Sciences Center. “Ndinogona kuziva kuti handina nzara, asi dhizeti iri rinonaka saka ndave kuzoridya zvakadaro. "Tiri kutarisa kuti chii chinonzi neural circry chinosanganisa kutyaira kwakadaro."
Matthew J. Will, anoshamwaridzana purofesa wezvepfungwa sainzi mu MU College yeUbudiriro neSainzi, muongorori wekutsvagisa muBond Life Sayenzi Center uye chipangamazano waParker, anoti nezvemaitiro masayendisiti, kudya kunotsanangurwa senge nhanho mbiri maitiro uye zvikamu zvekupedzisa.
"Ini ndinofunga nezvechiratidzo cheNeon chechitoro chemadhoni - logo uye kunhuwirira kwemadonati akadziya anodziya ndiwo magariro ezvemamiriro ekunze anotanga kutanga chishuwo, kana chishuwo, chikamu," akadaro Will. "Chikamu chekupedzisa chiri mushure mekunge uine dhoni iri muruoko uridye."
Parker akafunda maitiro ehunhu hwemakonzo erabhoritari nekumisikidza nzvimbo yemafaro yeuropi, hotspot muuropi iyo inogadzirisa uye inosimbisa mameseji ane chekuita nemubairo uye mufaro. Akazopa makonzo chikafu chehukuki-senge chikafu kuwedzeredza mafambiro avo uye akaona kuti makonzo akadya zvakapetwa kaviri senguva dzose. Kana iye panguva imwechete akamutsa chimwe chikamu cheuropi chinonzi basolateral amygdala, makonzo akamira kudya zvakanyanya. Ivo vakaramba vachidzokera kumabhasiketi avo ezvekudya vachitsvaga zvimwe, asi vakangodya yakajairwa mari.
"Zvaiita sekunge makonzo achiri kuda mukanyiwa," akadaro Will. “Vakaramba vachidzokera kunotsvaga chikafu asi havana kana kudya. Takaona kuti takakanganisa chikamu chehuropi chakanangana nekudyisa - dunhu rakanamatira pakudya chaiko - asi kwete iko kushuva. Chaizvoizvo, takasiya chido ichocho chisina kugadzikana. ”
Kuti uwane kuti chii chaive kuitika muuropi panguva yekuchiva, Parker akagadzira chiedza chekutsvaga. Sezvakaitika kare, akashandura nzvimbo yeuropi yakabatanidzwa nemubairo uye kufara uye yakagadzirisa amygdala yakasununguka muboka rimwe remakonzo asi kwete imwe. Panguva ino, zvisinei, akachera chiyero chekudya kwemafuta akakwirira iyo makonzo aigona kuwana kuitira kuti mapoka maviri aya adye zvakaenzana.
Kunze, mapoka maviri emakumbo akaratidza maitiro ekufudza akafanana. Vaidya chikamu chezvokudya, asi vakaramba vachidzokera kumashure ezvokudya zvavo. Zvisinei, mukati meuropi, Parker akaona zvakajeka kusiyana. Rats ne activated nucleus accumbens yakaratidza kuwedzera dopamine neuron basa, iyo inobatanidza nekukurudzira nzira yekuita.
Dare racho rakawanawo kuti nyika ye-amygdala yakashandura yakanga isingabatsiri pane dopamine. Zvisinei, mune imwe nzvimbo yeuropi inonzi hypothalamus, Parker akaona mazinga akakura e orexin-A, molecule inobatanidza chido, chete mumakonzo ane activated basolateral amygdala.
"Takaratidza kuti chingave chiri kuvharidzira mashandisiro eichi chidimbu chehunhu hwe orexin," akadaro Parker.
"Mhedzisiro yacho yakasimbisa iyo pfungwa yekuti dopamine inobatanidzwa munzira-kana chikamu chekuda-uye orexin-A mukushandisa," akadaro Will.
Vechidiki vanodavira kuti izvi zvinowanikwa zvinogona kutungamirira kunzwisisa kwakanakisisa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekudya uye kudhakwa kwezvinodhaka. Nokuzarura magadzirirwo akazvimirira ekuda kufambidzana nekushandisa chaiyo kana kutora zvinodhaka, izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kune zvinogona kurapwa zvinodhaka uye zvakanyanya kusingadi.
Kudzidza kwaParker naWill, "Neural activation maitiro ari pasi peasolateral amygdala inokonzera ku intra-accumbens-opioid-inotengesa zvinopedzisira zvichienderana nekunetsa zviito zvekudya zvakakosha mumakato, ”Ichangobva kubudiswa muna Behavioral Neuroscience. Kutsvakurudza kwakabhadharwa mune chikamu neNational Institute of Drug Abuse (DA024829).
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