Sei maTamarini uye vanhu vakasiyana-siyana nemakumbo?
Nzira Yakasvikirwa Yokuramba Iri Murudo akataura kuti vanhu vaviri vaviri vakasungwa, vaine kugona kwakasiyana kwekusimbisa kudanana kwavo paunoda. Isu tinoita kudaro nekushandisa yakasarudzika yakasarudzika yezviratidzo zvekusaziva, kana "kubatana maitiro"
Aya maitiro (zvehunyanzvi, zvekubatanidza zvimisikidzo) anosanganisira kusangana paganda-neganda, kutsvoda nyama, kupuruzira zvinyoro-nyoro, mazwi asina mazwi ekugutsikana uye mafaro, kukumbundira kana kunyarara chipunu, kunyemwerera nekutarisana nemaziso, kupuruzira mazamu, kubata kwepenisheni, kushamwaridzana kunotamba, kusununguka kusangana pabonde, zvichingodaro. Ichishandiswa zuva rega rega, ivo vanowedzera nesimba kugutsikana kwehukama nekuti ivo vanodarika iyo yakety-yak yeyedu cerebral cortex uye inogadzira mutsetse weedu limbic uropi. Mukupesana, kutaura kwakachipa. Kwete izvozvo chete, inosvinwa kuburikidza nenzvimbo dzekuongorora dzehuropi uko isu tinowanzo wedzera mhando dzese dzekutenderera kune izvo zvatinonzwa. Akadaro mumwe mukadzi aiyedza nehunhu hwekubatana zuva nezuva.
Izvo zvinodziya zvinodziya zvinonyungudika manzwiro emanzwiro (izvo zvinoita kuti iwe uende mmmm, ahhh, uye ohhhh) izvo zvaimbotora nguva kutenderera (kuburikidza nekutsvoda, kupuruzira, bonde), izvozvi zviripo kungomirira, uye hazvidi chero nguva zvese kumutsa zvakare. Mazamu angu, nzeve uye mawrist emukati zvave kuita kunge 'off pause' mabhatani.
Kufanana nemhuka dzese, vanhu vanokosheswa kuti vaone iwo masaini anoratidza kuti kana imwe yakachengeteka zvakakwana kuzorora nayo. Kana izvi zviratidzo zvekuchengetedza zvikasauya, kuzvidzivirira kwakavanzika kunogadzira chinhambwe chemanzwiro. Izvi zvinogona kuitika kunyangwe paine yakawanda ye lovin 'munguva yakapfuura. Maitiro ekubatanidza anounza yakachengeteka-ku-bond meseji nekuzorodza inodzivirira maitiro ehuropi (kunyanya iyo amygdala), asi zvinofanirwa kuitika kazhinji.
Chimwe chikonzero chekuti zviito zverudo izvi zvinowedzera chishuwo chekubatana nemumwe wako ndechekuti zvinokonzeresa kuyerera kweoxytocin (iyo "cuddle hormone"). Oxytocin inoderedza kuzvidya mwoyo, inowedzera kuvimba, uye inopesana nokuora mwoyo. Muchidimbu, isu kunzwa zvakanaka kudyidzana nemunhu uyu; iri kupa mubayiro pane neurochemical, kana kusaziva, chikamu. Hazvishamisi kuti kutanga kwegore rino masayendisiti akataura kuti avo vane hukama hwakazvipira vanogadzira cortisol inowedzera kushungurudzika. Vanhu vanovatawo zvakare kurarama kwenguva refu, uye vane mazamu akaderera e psychological distress. Kune humwe hunowedzera humbowo hwekuti oxytocin (kana oxetocin-inogadzira maitiro) inogona kuratidza kuve inoshanda kudzivirirwa kunopindwa muropa mune vasungwa vaviri. (Oo, vasungwa vaviri vanogona kunge vari kunonoka kudivi kupfuura mamwe mhuka dzakagadzikana, nemhaka yehutano hwekunzwa hunoita kuti kuwirirana kwepamusoro kunakwanise.) Kwatiri, kusangana pamwe chete mishonga yakanaka.
Ongororo yapfupi pamusoro tamarin monkeys inotsigira simba rezviito zvisiri nyore zvemufananidzo uyu kusunungura oxytocin inodzivirira uye kuchengeta monkey-rudo inorarama. Tamarini, kufanana nevanhu, inogara mumhuri pamwe chete nevasungwa vanorera vana vavo pamwechete.
Mukupesana, machipisi nemabhonasi haaumbe zvisungo zviviri. Ivo havana kushandura iyo neural michina yeiyo. Ramba uchifunga kuti, kunyangwe machimp angave ari padyo nesu mupenyu chizvarwa chehama, nzira dzedu dzakagadzirirwa anenge mamiriyoni matanhatu emakore akapfuura. Zvokwadi dzedu dzepedyo dzakawanda dzepabonde dzakanga dziripo yedu bazi kunyangwe vasisipo. Pane imwe nzvimbo padhuze nebazi redu isu takabva tava muvasungwa vaviri, seine tamarine, gibbons uye titi monke. Kuita zvepabonde kune mubayiro kune zvipfuwo zvose, asi kune vakaroorana vaviri, kusangana nemumwe mukaro unogonawo kunyora sekunakidza zvikuru. (Kuti uwane zvakawanda pamusoro peyeural mechanics yekubatana kwemaviri, ona mazwi a Larry Young pakuguma kwechikamu chino.)
Icho poindi ndechekuti isu tiri chikamu chekirabhu diki yemhando dzemhando yepamusoro dzinokosheswa kuti dzikwanise kuwira murudo uye kugara mukati meimwe inokosha, kunyangwe isu tosarudza kuzviwanira isu pesarudzo iyi. Hatina kurongerwa kuita "murume mumwe chete pabonde." Hapana mhando iri. Asi isu ndivo "Munharaunda munogara murume mumwe," ndiko kuti, kukwanisa kuwirirana. Ichokwadi chekuti isu dzimwe nguva tinowana ruchiva mukushayikwa kwechisungo hachiiti kuti isu tive mabhonobos, kana kureva kuti tichava vanofara neyakajairika nzira yekukwirana.
Monkey-vanoda detective
Vachiziva kubatana pakati pekubatanidza maitiro uye oxytocin, nyanzvi yeUniversity of Wisconsin Chuck Snowden akasarudza kuenzanisa zvose mumatarenda emamatare echiTamarin akanga ave pamwe kwegore rinenge. Mhinduro dzake dzakaratidza huwandu hwakawanda hweiyo oxytocin pakati pevaviri. Zvisinei, mukati mumwe nomumwe vaviri, vakaroorana vaine maitiro akafanana. Chero zvavari kuita zviri pachena zvakabatsira vose.
Heino kiyi yekutsvaga: Ivo vaviri vane yakakwira oxetocin nhanho dzakabatanidzwa mune zvakanyanyisa kubatana uye zvebonde maitiro. Aya maitiro ndiwo matamarina mavhezheni ekubatanidza maitiro: kukwikwidza nemiswe yakapindirana, kushambidzika, rurimi kurira uye kunhuhwirira kumaka / kuferefeta, kumisikidza, kukumbira (kutamba nevebonde), kuferefetwa kwenhengo dzepabonde, uye zvese zvinokwira mukati izvo mukadzi aigamuchira, kunyangwe kana kwete iro gomo rakatungamira mukukwikwidza chaiko-kana kubuda ejaculation. Hapana kuita kunetseka kwema tamarins!
MaTamarins anokwira rinenge zuva nezuva, zvisinei nekuti mukadzi ari kupi mukutenderera kwake, saka kuzviisa pamusoro hazvisi zvekusangana chete. Mune tsamba yakavanzika nezvechinhu chebonde risingabvumirwe mukubatana kwepabonde, Snowden akataura, "Kubatana panyama kwekuita rudo kwakakosha [uye] orgasm inongova yakanaka uye inonakidza yekuwedzera pazvinoitika." (Nezvebhuku razvino rinotsigira mabhenefiti eiyi pfungwa yakasununguka muhukama hwevanhu ona Tantric Zvepabonde Kwevarume.)
Vatsvakurudzi vakagumisa kuti oxytocin maitiro angangodaro anoratidza hutano hwehukama hwepamberi, uye dzinogona kuchengetwa kuburikidza nemafambiro avanoona. Said Snowdon.
Chikwata chaSnowdon chakaratidza kuti kusangana kwepedyo uye kusagadzikana kuita bonde kunogona kufanotaurawo hunhu uye hurefu hwehukama hwevanhu. Zvinosuruvarisa, isu vanhu kazhinji tinokanganwa kukosha kwezviratidzo zvinonyaradza.
Vangani vakaroorana, mushure mehusiku hwenyonganyonga hwadzikira, vanoita bonde pano neapo asi vasingawanzo pinda murudo, seksikäs (asi isiri-chinangwa-yakanangana) kusangana? Zvemukati maoregasms anogona kunge asingakwanise kuchengetedza yavo oxetocin kumusoro kana zvisungo zvavo zvakasimba. Dzimwe nguva bonde rakafanana nekutenderedza pombi yemvura… uye wozodzima. Maitiro ezuva nezuva ekubatanidza akafanana nekuyerera kwakadzikama kwemvura uko kunoita kuti mapaipi ako asatonhore. Chokwadi, vamwe vakaroorana vanoedza kuchengetedza zvisungo zvavo zvine simba nekusimudzira kwakanyanya kwepabonde mukutenda kuti kazhinji orgasms ndiyo yakanakisa glue. Asi zvinogona kunge zvichinzi izvi zvinotemesa tarisiro zvinoita kuti vanyanye kuridza rwiyo rwekureruka rwevaviri-bonder kudanana kana, zvinonzwisisika, kupedza basa ravo rekufarira.
In Nhema yeMonogamy David Barash anonongedza kuti mukubatanidza mhuka dzinovaraidza bonde hakusi "kunyanya kushinga." (Zvirinani kwete mushure mekupenga kwekutanga.) Kukurukurirana kwakawanda pakati pevakaroorana kunotora nzira yekuzorora pamwe chete, kushambidzana, uye kutandara.
Iyo inonakidza poindi ndeyekuti vanhu vanoda vane sarudzo. Kusiyana nedzimwe mhuka dzinoyamwisa, isu tinokwanisa kusimudzira hunhu uye kugutsikana kwemubatanidzwa wedu nekuwedzera matunhu edu eoytocin nemasaini akareruka, asingashande. Isu tinongoshandisa yedu yakawedzera cerebral cortex kuti tisvetuke uropi hwedu limbic rudo michina. Zvimwe iyo gumi nematatu kubva muzana emhuri avo vanochengetedza zvisungo zvakasvibiswa nenzira imwechete vanogumburwa pane izvi zvakavanzika pakutanga kwevimbani dzavo vasingazivi kuti vanozviziva.
Une rudo rwakakundikana iwe munguva yakapfuura here? Wakaisa shamwari yako pamwe chete-hutano hwekubatanidza zvakakwana zvechiratidzo chekubatana kuti uchengetedze kutaurirana kwako kwakanaka, kukubvumira kurega kukanganisa, nekusimbisa ukama hwepedyo pakati pako? Kana zvisingaiti, tora chidzidzo kubva kune vamwe vaviri-vakasunga vana vababa vako.
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[Kubva Sumo Sumo we hurukuro na Larry Young, PhD ine musoro unoti, "Neurobiology yeSocial Bonding uye Monogamy…"]
Prairie voles, kufanana vanhu, vanhu vakawanda uye maitiro akareba kwenguva refu pakati pevakaroorana. Izvi zvinopesana ne95 yezana yemarudzi ose emammalia, asingaoneki anokwanisa kugadzira hukama hwehutano husingaperi pakati pevakaroorana. Zvidzidzo kuongorora huropi uye maitiro ehutachiona zviri pasi pekubatana kwevamwe zvakaratidza basa rinokosha kune mashoma emakemikari anokosha muuropi pakugadzira ukama hwemagariro evanhu. Oxytocin uye vasopressin inoita kuti iongorore uropi pamagariro evanhu munharaunda. Pakati pekubatana kwemaviri maviri, makemikari aya anoshanda pamwe neuropi yemubairo wehurongwa (semuenzaniso dopamine) kuumba sangano pakati pehukama hwevanhu pamwe chete nemararamiro ekubatira. Saka nei dzimwe mhuka dzinokwanisa kugadzirisa hukama hwevanhu kana vamwe vasina? Kutsvakurudza kuenzanisa ubongo hwehukama hwemumwe nemumwe asiri humwe hunoratidza kuti ndiyo nzvimbo yemakiti inopindura oxytocin uye vasopressin iyo inosarudza kana munhu achange akakwanisa kubatana. Semuenzaniso, monogamous male prairie voles ine kukwirira kwakanyanya kwevasopressin receptors mu ventral forebrain reward center iyo inobatanidzwawo mune zvinodhaka. Izvo-zvisingagoneki mhuka ine simba hazviwaniki zvinogamuchira ipapo. Zvisinei, kana zvikwereti zvinowanikwa mumugwagwa uyu wemubairo mune zvisiri mumiririri mhepo ine simba, ava varume vanowedzera kukurumidza kuumba zvisungo. Izvo zvidzidzo zvakare zvinoratidza kuti kushamwaridzana kwekubatana kunowanidza maitiro akawanda ehumwechete ehutano. Zvidzidzo zveGenetic zvakaratidza kuti DNA inoenderana nekusiyana-siyana mumagetsi anokonzera vasopressin receptor inokanganisa huwandu hwekugamuchira mashoko mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeuropi uye kufanotaura kuti zvingaita kuti mukomana achaumba hukama hwehukama nevakadzi.
Ongororo dzichangoburwa muvanhu dzakaratidza kufanana kwakatanhamara mumabasa eoxytocin uye vasopressin mukudzora kugarisana kwevanhu uye hunhu mune vole nemurume. Musiyano muDNA kuteedzana kwevanhu vasopressin receptor jeni rakabatanidzwa nekusiyana kwezviyero zvehukama hwehukama hwehukama. Muvanhu, intranasal kuendeswa kweoxytocin kunowedzera kuvimba, kunowedzera kutarira kumeso, kunowedzera kunzwira tsitsi uye kunowedzera kudzidza kwakasimbiswa munharaunda. Hongu zvinoita sekunge kumutsa iyo oxytocin system muvanhu kunowedzera kutarisisa kumagariro mamiriro munharaunda.
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