Front Psychiatry. 2015 Jul 8; 6: 69. i-doi: 10.3389 / fpsyt.2015.00069. eCollection 2015.
I-Geisel O1, I-Panneck P1, I-Stickel A1, Schneider M1, UMüller CA1.
abstract
Ucwaningo lwamanje lokulutha kwe-Intanethi (IA) lubike amazinga okuthambekela aphezulu e-IA kanye nezimpawu zengqondo ezi-comorbid kubasebenzisi bezingosi zokuxhumana nabantu (SNS) nemidlalo yokudlala indima eku-inthanethi. Inhloso yalolu cwaningo kwakuwukuveza abasebenzisi abadala bomdlalo wecebo labadlali abaningi be-inthanethi ngaphakathi kwe-SNS. Ngakho-ke, senze isifundo sokuhlola sisebenzisa inhlolovo eku-inthanethi ukuhlola okuguquguqukayo kwe-sociodemographic, psychopathology, kanye nezinga le-IA kusampula labadlali abadala bezinkundla zokuxhumana yiYoung's Internet Addiction Test (IAT), iToronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-26), i-Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Uhlu Lokuhlola Izimpawu-90-R (SCL-90-R), kanye ne-WHO Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF). Bonke ababambiqhaza babalwa ohlwini lwabadlali be- "Combat Zone" ku-SNS "Facebook." Kulesi sampula, i-16.2% yabahlanganyeli yahlukaniswa njengezihloko ezine-IA kwathi i-19.5% yagcwalisa imibandela ye-alexithymia. Ngokuqhathanisa ababambiqhaza bokutadisha abane-IA nangaphandle kwe-IA, iqembu le-IA lalinezifundo eziningi kakhulu ezine-alexithymia, zabika izimpawu zokucindezeleka, futhi zabonisa izinga lokuphila elimpofu. Lokhu okutholakele kuphakamisa ukuthi ukugembula kwenethiwekhi yokuxhumana nomphakathi kungahle kuhlotshaniswe namaphethini angalungile okusetshenziswa kwe-Intanethi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwatholakala ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-IA, i-alexithymia, kanye nezimpawu zokudangala ezidinga ukucaciswa ngezifundo ezizayo.
Isingeniso
Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, inani labasebenzisi be-intanethi emhlabeni jikelele landa kusuka kubantu abangu-12.3 / 100 kuya ku-32.8 (1). Ngokufanayo, ukusetshenziswa kwezindawo ezibizwa ngezingosi zokuxhumana nabantu (SNS) kwanda ngokuqhubekayo eminyakeni edlule. I-SNS ikakhulu iqukethe amaphrofayli womuntu ngamunye axhumene nalawo abanye abasebenzisi ngekhompyutha. Njengamanje, i-SNS "Facebook" imele enye yezindawo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezine> 1 billion abasebenzisi abasebenza njalo ngenyanga kanye> nabasebenzisi abasebenza nsuku zonke abayizigidi ezingama-600 (2). Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwe-SNS kuyingxenye yesimiso samanje nsuku zonke kubantu abaningi emhlabeni jikelele ngisho nezinzuzo zezingane nentsha (okungukuthi, ukukhulumisana okuthuthukisayo, amakhono omphakathi, noma ezobuchwepheshe) kwabikwa abalobi abambalwa (3), kungase kube insimu eyodwa ne-putative ephezulu yokuziphatha kokulutha, okungukuthi, ukulutha kwe-intanethi (IA) (4-6).
Igama elithi "ukulutha kwe-Inthanethi" libhekisela esimweni esibonakala ukungakwazi ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi, okungaholela ekutheni kube khona ukuhlaselwa kwezenhlalakahle, ezemfundo, ezemisebenzi kanye nezomnotho (7). Njengamanje, akukho ukuvumelana mayelana nokuthi izindlela zokuxilongwa ze-IA kufanele zichazwe kanjani futhi i-IA ingakafakwa ku-ICD-10 (8). Ku-2013, i-American Psychiatric Association (APA) yayihlanganisa "ukungena kwe-inthanethi yokudlala" (i-IGD) esigabeni III se-DSM-V (9), isigaba esinikezelwe ezimweni ezidinga ucwaningo oluqhubekayo. Kodwa-ke, i-IA isigaba esiyinkimbinkimbi ye-disorder ne-subtypes eziningana ngaphandle kokudlala kwe-intanethi (isb., Ukuxhumana nabantu, ukuthumela imiyalezo, imisebenzi yangaphambi kocansi e-intanethi) (7, 10) kanye namathuluzi okuxilonga ukuhlola ngokuqondile i-IA asaluthola.
Imibuzo eminingana yokuzibika yenzelwe ukuchaza ukusetshenziswa kwezinkinga ze-intanethi - isibonelo, i-Young Internet Test Addiction Test (IAT) (i-7). Ukuze uhlole ama-subtypes ahlukene we-IA, imibuzo yokwenza izinhlobo ezithile zokusebenzisa i-intanethi nayo yasungulwa (11).
Eminyakeni yamuva, izinhlelo eziningi zokudlala ku-inthanethi ezenzelwe ukusetshenziswa ngaphakathi kwe-SNS. Olwazini lwethu, ucwaningi ngabantu abasebenzisa leyo midlalo kaningi kunzima futhi okutholakala kwamanje akuhambisani. Ukucwaninga kwabasebenzisi be-SNS kanye namageyimu we-Inthanethi inikeze amazinga ahlukene okukhula kwe-IA. U-Smahel nabasebenzi abambisene nabo babike ukuthi mayelana ne-40% yabadlali abaningi abadlala emdlalweni wokudlala emidlalweni yama-inthanethi (MMORPGs) abasebenzisi be-sampula yabo bazihlukanisile ngokwabo ngokuthi "banomlutha womdlalo" (12). Ngokuphambene, isifundo kubafundi basekolishi esebenzisa i-SNS sathola ukuthi oyedwa kwabahlanganyeli abacwaninga abayisithupha wabika izinkinga eziningi ekuphileni ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwe-"Facebook"6).
IA nayo ibike ukuthi ivame ukuhambisana nezinye izimpawu zengqondo kanye nobunzima ekusebenzeni kwansuku zonke (7). Ezinye izifundo zabika izinga eliphezulu lezimpawu zokucindezeleka ezifundweni nge-IA (13-15), kanti amanye amaqembu okucwaninga ayengakwazi ukuthola ubudlelwane phakathi kokusebenzisa i-Internet enenkinga nokucindezeleka (16).
Ngaphandle kokucindezeleka, umqondo we-alexithymia ungase uhambisane nokuthuthukiswa nokugcinwa kwe-IA. NgokukaMemiah et al., Abantu abanama-alexithymic banenkinga ekuboneni nasekuchazeni imizwelo yabo, abakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwemizwa nokuzwa komzimba okubangelwa ukuvusa ngokomzwelo, nokukhombisa ukucabanga kwangaphandle (17). I-Alexithymia ibikwa ukuthi ivamile phakathi kwabantu abanezinkinga zokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa (18) futhi kungandisa ingozi ye-IA (19). UDe Berardis kanye nabasebenzi abambisene nabo bathola ukuthi abantu abathintekayo be-alexithymic esiteshini esingekho emtholampilo labafundi base-ekolishi be-undergraduate babika ukusetshenziswa kwe-Inthanethi ngokweqile futhi babonisa izikolo eziphezulu ku-IAT. Uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abangewona i-alexithymic, i-alexithymics ephawulekayo yokugcwalisa i-IA ekufundeni kwabo (24.2% alexithymics vs. 3.2% engeyona i-alexithymics). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lwamuva luye lwabona ukuthi ubukhulu be-IA babuhambisana kahle ne-alexithymia esampula yabafundi basekolishi yaseTurkey (20). Futhi, i-Scimeca et al. wathola ukuthi kwakukhona ukulungiswa phakathi kwamazinga e-alexithymia ne-IA, nokuthi i-alexithymia yaze yaqeqeshwa njengendlela yokwenza izibalo ze-IA (21). Ngokuvumelana nalokho okutholakele, uKhanri et al. (22), owathatha i-sociodemographic kanye namaphrofayli abasebenzisi abasebenzisa i-Intanethi ngokucophelela, athola ukuthi i-alexithymia nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-intanethi kwakuhlobene kakhulu.
Ukutadisha kwethu kuhloswe ukuveza iqembu elincane labalandeli bezokuxhumana nabantu mayelana nokuguquguquka komphakathi, isifo sengqondo kanye nesilinganiso se-IA. Ngesibonelo sagxile kubasebenzisi begeyimu "Indawo Yokulwa" enikezwa isayithi lokuxhumana nabantu "Facebook."
Izimpahla nezindlela
Sithintane nomhlinzeki wegeyimu we-"Facebook" ukuze sithole abantu abadala ukuhlola inthanethi. Bonke abahlanganyeli kulolu cwaningo babebalwe amageyimu we- "Combat Zone" ku-"Facebook" futhi bathola isimemo sokubamba iqhaza esifundweni sethu nge "Facebook." "I-Zone Yokulwa" umdlalo wezinhlelo zabadlali abaningi ongadlala kuphela uma ungene "ku-Facebook . "Idatha ye-akhawunti yomhlanganyeli isetshenziselwa ukwakha i-avatar ekwazi ukulwa nempi. Amageyimu athengisa noma athengise insimu, enza ama-alliances, noma alwe nezitha ngokukhetha izinketho ezihlongozwa ngumhlinzeki. Ayikho imiphumela ebonakalayo ebonakalayo esetshenzisiwe futhi umdlalo uhloselwe ukudlalwa kancane kancane, ngenkathi kuxoxisana nabanye abasebenzisi ku-"Facebook" (23).
Lapho abahlanganyeli bexhunywe kwiwebsite yethu, babe nokufinyelela kolwazi kubacwaningi, okuhlose ukutadisha nokucacisa imiyalelo emibhalweni kanye nelungelo labo lokuhoxisa esifundweni nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Abahlanganyeli babuzwe ukwamukela isimemo sokuqedela ukuhlola inthanethi. Ngemuva kokuthola imvume enemininingwane enembile, abahlanganyeli bangaqedela ukuhlola nganoma isiphi isikhathi noma bahoxise isifundo nganoma isiphi isikhathi. Imibuzo yayingabonakali futhi akukho idatha ephathelene nokuthi abahlanganyeli baqoqwe. Izihloko eziqedile lolu cwaningo zathola inzuzo ngendlela yemidlalo boni kusuka kumhlinzeki. Ukuze kufakwe kulolu cwaningo, abahlanganyeli kwakudingeka bakhule kuneminyaka engu-18 futhi basebenzise njalo i-akhawunti yabo ye-SNS (okungukuthi, ukusebenzisa nsuku zonke okungenani okungenani kwe-1 h phakathi nezinyanga zokugcina ze-3). Ucwaningo luvunyiwe yikomiti yokuziphatha yasendaweni futhi lugcinwe ezimisweni zeSimemezelo se-Helsinki. Imvume eyaziwa yatholwa kubo bonke abahlanganyeli njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla.
Izinyathelo zethu zaziqukethe i-IAT, ithuluzi lokuhlola eliqinisekisiwe lokusebenzisa inkinga nge-Intanethi (7, 24). Imibuzo yayo ye-20 ihlola izinga lapho ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi kuthinta imihla ngemihla, impilo yomphakathi, umsebenzi, ubuthongo, noma imizwelo futhi ilinganiswe esikalini sezinga le-6-point and summary. Ngokwezifundo zangaphambilini (15, 25, 26), isamba se-IAT se-≥50 sichazwe njengo-IA.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, sasebenzisa i- Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-26) (27), okwakhiwa njengesivivinyo sokuhlola sokuzihlola elijwayelekile ukuze kulinganiswe i -lexithyymia. Iqukethe izinto ze-26 ezilinganiselwe esikalini se-Likert le-5-iphuzu futhi zenze izikali ezintathu: (1) ubunzima ekukhoneni imizwa, (2) ubunzima ekuchazeni imizwa, kanye (3) ukucabanga kwangaphandle. Lezi zilinganiso zifingqwe kumaphuzu aphelele. I-Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) (28) ne-Symptom Checklist SCL-90-R (29) basebenzisa ukuhlola ukucindezeleka nezinye izimpawu zengqondo. I-BDI-II iyi-questionnaire ye-21-eyedwa futhi isetshenziselwa ukukala ubunzima bezimpawu zokucindezeleka. Izimpawu zengqondo nezomzimba zokucindezeleka zilinganiselwe esikalini se-0-3 futhi sifingqa. I-SCL-90-R iqukethe izinto ze-90 ezilinganiselwe esikalini se-5-kusukela ku-"hhayi nakancane" kuya "ngokweqile." Izinto zihlanganisa izizinda eziyisishiyagalolunye (ukufundwa kwemisindo, imicabango ephoqelekile, ukuzwela kwabantu, ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka , inzondo, ukukhathazeka kwe-phobic, ukukhulelwa kwe-paranoid, nokuziphatha kwengqondo), kanye nenkomba yobuningi (GSI), okubonisa ukucindezeleka okuphelele kwengqondo. Imiphumela ye-SCL-90-R inikwe T amanani, ukubaluleka kwe- ≥60 kubhekwa njengengenhla ephezulu (mean = 50, SD = 10).
Ekugcineni, izinga lempilo yabahlanganyeli lihlolwe besebenzisa inguqulo emfushane ye-World Health Organization Quality of Life Measurement (WHOQOL-BREF) (30). Izinto ezingamashumi amabili nesithupha zilinganiselwe esikalini kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-5. Izilinganiso ezine zesizinda ngokomzimba, kwengqondo, ezenhlalakahle kanye nemvelo zingatholakala futhi zifanekise izici ezihlukene zekhwalithi yokuphila. Amanani ashintshwe esikalini kusuka ku-0 kuya ku-100 ngamanqaku aphezulu abonisa izinga eliphezulu lokuphila.
Ukuhlaziywa kwesitatimende
Imiphumela ithulwe njenge-± SD enamandla. Isivivinyo seKolmogorov-Smirnov sisetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukusatshalaliswa okujwayelekile. Ngenxa yokusabalalisa okungavamile kuphela izibalo ezingekho-parametric ezisetshenzisiwe; umehluko phakathi kwabahlanganyeli ngaphandle kwe-IA wahlaziywa usebenzisa iMann-Whitney U ukuhlolwa. Ukulinganisa ama-coefficients (i-Spearman's ρ) yabalwa ngokuguquguquka kwezenhlalo kanye nemitholampilo. Izinga elikhethiwe lokubaluleka kwaba p <0.05. Ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo kwenziwa nge-IBM SPSS Statistics version 19 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
Imiphumela
Tifundvo letifundvwa
Izifundo ezingamakhulu amahlanu namashumi amabili nesishiyagalombili ezixhunywe kwiwebsite yethu. Kodwa-ke, izihloko ze-158 kwakudingeka zikhishwe kulolu cwaningo ngenxa yedatha elahlekile kanye / noma engavumelani nayo. Ngakho-ke, izihloko ze-356 zamadoda kanye ne-14 abesifazane zahlanganiswa ekuhlaziyweni kokugcina (n = 370, 70.1%). Izici ze-Sociodemographic zendawo yokutadisha zihlelwe kuTables 1 futhi 2.
Ithebula 1. Izici ze-Sociodemographic zabahlanganyeli bokufunda I.
Ithebula 2. Izici ze-Sociodemographic zabahlanganyeli bokufunda II.
Kuhlaziywa kwedatha ye-IAT, i-16.2% yabahlanganyeli (n = 60) zahlukaniswa njengezihloko nge-IA (amaphuzu aphelele ≥50). Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-13.3% yalaba bahlanganyeli (n = 8) inezinkinga ezinkulu ngokusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi ngokusho kwe-Young (amaphuzu aphelele ≥80) (31). Azikho zezihloko ze-60 ne-IA ezazingabesifazane.
Ukusebenzisa isikolo sokunqunywa se-54 ku-TAS-26 (27), I-19.5% (n = I-72) yabahlanganyeli esifundweni sethu sigcwalise izimiso ze-alexithymia.
Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha ye-BDI-II kwembula ukuthi i-76.5% (n = 283) yabahlanganyeli babengenazo noma bancane izimpawu zokudangala (amaphuzu <14), 10% (n = 37) ibonise izimpawu ezincane (amaphuzu we-14-19), i-7.0% (n = 26) ibonise izimpawu ezilinganisiwe (amaphuzu we-20-28), ne-6.5% (n = 24) ibonise izimpawu ezinzima zokucindezeleka (amaphuzu we-29-63).
I-SCL-90 GSI ayizange yembule amazinga okwanda kwampawu zempilo ekuhlaziyweni kwazo zonke izifundo (mean = 52.0, SD = 19.1). I-WHOQOL-BREF yazo zonke izifundo (n = I-370, i-SD = i-69.3; ingqondo = i-mean = 19.7, i-SD = i-70.1; ubudlelwane bezenhlalo: kusho = 20.8, SD = i-62.8; imvelo: mean = 23.8, I-SD = i-67.0).
Ubukhulu be-IA buhambisana kahle ne-SCL-90-R GSI score (r = 0.136, p = 0.009). Futhi, ubunzima be-IA babuthinteka kahle ne-BDI-II izikolo eziphelele (r = 0.210, p = 0.000). Kwakukhona ukulingana okungalungile phakathi kokuqina kwamazinga we-IA ne-WHOQOL-BREF (impilo yangokwenyama: r = -0.277, p = 0.000; kwengqondo: r = -0.329, p = 0.000; ubudlelwane bomphakathi: r = -0.257, p = 0.000, imvelo: r = -0.198, p = 0.000).
Ukubambisana okuhle kutholakale ukuthi i-TAS-26 ibhalise "ukucabanga kwangaphandle" kanye nobukhulu be-IA (r = 0.114, p = 0.028).
I-BMI enhle kwisampula sethu yayingu-28.7 kg / m2 (I-SD = i-7.2). Amaphesenti angamashumi amathathu nesithupha kwabahlanganyeli (n = 133) kubikwa ukuthi kuneqile kakhulu (BMI 25-29.99 kg / m2), I-23% (n = I-85) yayingamazinga amaningi kakhulu I (BMI 30-34.99 kg / m2), no-13% (n = I-47) kakhulu ekilasini II noma III (BMI ≥35 kg / m2) (32). Amaphesenti angamashumi amabili nesithupha kwabahlanganyeli (n = I-98) ibike isisindo esivamile ukumbalwa okuncane (BMI 17-24.99 kg / m2), no-2% (n = 6) kubikwe i-BMI <17 kg / m2, ekhombisa ukulinganisela kuya kwesisindo esiphansi. I-BMI yayihlotshaniswa kahle nobudala babahlanganyeli (r = 0.328, p = 0.000), kodwa ayihambisani nanoma yikuphi ukuhlukahluka komtholampilo.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwezihloko kanye ngaphandle kwe-IA
Ukungafani okuphawulekayo emibhalweni ye-TAS-26, BDI-II, ne-WHOQOL-BREF itholakala ngokuqhathanisa nezihloko ne-IA (n = 60) nabahlanganyeli ngaphandle kwe-IA (n = 310, bona ithebula 3). Iqembu le-IA lalinesifundo esikhulu kakhulu nge-alexithymia (Z = -2.606, p = 0.009), kubike izimpawu zokucindezeleka eziningi (Z = -2.438, p = 0.015), futhi wabonisa izinga eliphansi lokuphila (impilo yangempela: Z = -4.455, p = 0.000; kwengqondo: Z = -5.139, p = 0.000, ubudlelwane bezenhlalo: Z = -3.679, p = 0.000, imvelo: Z = -2.561, p = 0.010). Kwakungekho ukuhluka okuphawulekayo kwezici zenhlalo noma izilinganiso ze-SCL-90-R phakathi kokubili amaqembu.
Ithebula 3. Ukuqhathaniswa kwezihloko nge ngaphandle kwe-IA.
Ingxoxo
Ucwaningo lwamanje luhlola izici ze-SNS gamers ngamanothi e-self-umbiko we-intanethi, egxile kwisilinganiso se-IA, i-alexithymia, nokunye okubonakalayo kwezimpawu zengqondo. Kulesi sampuli, i-16% yabahlanganyeli bafinyelele isiqephu sokunqunywa kwe-50 ku-IAT, emele abahlanganyeli abathola izinkinga ngezikhathi ezithile noma ezivamile ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi (31). Ngokuphambene nalokho, inhlolovo enkulu yaseMelika e-inthanethi nabahlanganyeli be-17,251 ibike ukusabalalisa okuphansi kwe-IA cishe kwe-6% (33). Yiqiniso, njengoba isampula ubukhulu bezinhlelo zokufunda zihlukahluka kakhulu, ukuqhathaniswa okuqondile kungokwokulinganiselwa okulinganiselwe kuphela. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhambisana nezinto esizifunayo, isifundo samanje esikoleni sabafundi baseTurkey esisebenzisa i-SNS sabika ukuthi i-12.2% yabahlanganyeli babekwa ngokuthi "umlutha we-Intanethi" noma "engozini enkulu yokulutha" ngokusho kwe-Internet Addiction Scale (IAS) (20). Ukuhlolwa kokusabalalisa kwe-IA kwabasebenzisi be-MMORPGs kwembula amazinga aphezulu nakakhulu okusetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kwe-Inthanethi kule nkinga. Esifundweni samuva, i-44.2 ne-32.6% yesampula yabasebenzisi be-MMROPGs babekwa ngezigaba njengezihloko ze-I njengoba zihlolwe isilinganiselwa se-Goldberg Internet Addiction Disorder (GIAD) ne-Orman Internet Stress Scale (ISS), ngokulandelana (34). Ukuhlanganiswa ndawonye, amazinga okukhula okutholakala kulezi zifundo ahlukene kakhulu, okungenzeka ahlobene namaqembu ahlukene, ama-subtypes womsebenzisi we-Intanethi namathuluzi okuhlola ahlukene kakhulu ukuhlola i-IA.
Ingxenye encane yabesifazane be-3.8% kusampula yethu ingase ibangele kuhlelo lokusebenza olukhethiwe. Ngokusho komhlinzeki we "I-Zone Yokulwa," kusho ukuthi amaphesenti ama-gamers wesifazane ayezungeze i-4% eminyakeni yokugcina ye-2. Ukuthi akukho namunye wabadlali bezinsikazi abahlelwe njengezihloko nge-IA yinto ebonakalayo, eseyitholile kakade kwizifundo zangaphambilini; mhlawumbe, amageyimu angamadoda angase atholakale kakhulu ku-IA (35).
Imiphumela yethu ihambisana nemibiko yangaphambilini yobuhlobo phakathi kwe-alexithymia ne-IA (18, 19), kodwa sihlolisise i-subgroup ethize yokusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi. Kwakukhona isilinganiso esiphezulu kakhulu se-alexithymia ezifundweni ze-IA uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo ababambiqhaza ngaphandle kwe-IA (31.7 vs. 17.1%). Ubukhulu be-IA buhambisana ngokuqondile ne-"ukucabanga kwangaphandle kokucabanga" kwe-TAS-26. Noma kunjalo, kuhlale kungacacile ukuthi i-alexithymia ibeka phambili yini i-IA. Omunye angase acacise ukuthi abantu abathinta i-alexithymic bavame ukusebenzisa i-Inthanethi ngokweqile ngenxa yokuzithoba okuncane (36) futhi kungenzeka ukuba ugweme ukuxhumana okungokoqobo, njengoba kuhlongozwa ngaphambili (19).
Ucwaningo lwamanje luqinisekisa nemiphumela yocwaningo lwangaphambilini oluxhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi enkingeni kumazinga aphezulu okucindezeleka (14, 15, 20, 37). Ukucabanga okungenzeka ukuthi ukuthi iziguli ezinokucindezeleka kungenzeka zame ukunciphisa izimpawu ezahlukene ngokusebenzisa ngokweqile imidlalo yokuxhumana nabantu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaphethini we-pathological of use Internet angase avuse nezimpawu zokucindezeleka (38). Ngakho-ke, kudingekile izifundo ezizayo ukuze kuhlukaniswe ubuhlobo obuqondile phakathi kwe-IA nokucindezeleka.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuphawula ukuthi cishe abathathu kwabahlanganyeli abane babedlula ngokweqile noma bakhuluphele. Kodwa-ke, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile / ukukhuluphala kwakungahlobene nanoma yikuphi ukuhlukahluka kwemitholampilo kulolu cwaningo. Ngakho-ke, lezi zithole kudingeka ziphenywe ngezifundo ezengeziwe.
Imiphumela yethu iphakamisa ukuthi iziguli ezine-IA kufanele zihlolwe ngokucophelela ukuze zihlolwe ngendlela efanele njengezinkinga zokucindezeleka, i-alexithymia, nokukhathazeka kokudla. Ngokuphathelene nokwelashwa kwe-IA, ikakhulukazi ukwelapha ukuziphatha kwengqondo kungase kubonise indlela yokwelapha ethembisayo (36).
Ukulinganiselwa okuningi kwalolu cwaningo kuvimbela ukuchazwa kwemiphumela. Okokuqala, ukusatshalaliswa kobulili kwakungenakulinganisela esifundweni samanje. Okwesibili, isampula yethu isetshenziselwa isicelo esisodwa "se-Facebook" ngakho-ke kusobala ukuthi asimeli zonke izinhlobo zabasebenzisi be-Inthanethi, ukunciphisa ukufaneleka kwangaphandle kwemiphumela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, usayizi wesampula walolu cwaningo wawuncane kakhulu ukudweba iziphetho ezicacile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyathelo zokuzibika ezisebenzisekayo ziyasetshenziswa, njengoba kubonakala ngesilinganiso semininingwane engenayo. Inkhulumomphendvulwano yomtholampilo nedatha eyengeziwe evela kwabalwazi bangaphandle njengamalungu omndeni kungenzeka ukuthi inikeze idatha ethembekile kakhulu. Okokugcina, ukungabi khona kwezinsimbi zomtholampilo ezilinganiselwe ukuhlola i-IA kungenzeka ukuthi kwathonya umphumela wesifundo.
Isiphetho
Sithole ukuthi cishe oyedwa kwabayisithupha abadlali be-SNS bahlangabezana ne-IA kwisampula sethu. Ukuqhathanisa abahlanganyeli bokufunda kanye ngaphandle kwe-IA, iqembu le-IA lalinamaphuzu engeziwe nge-alexithymia, libike izimpawu zokucindezeleka, futhi libonisa izinga eliphansi lokuphila. Lezi zithole ziphakamisa ukuthi ukugembula kwezokuxhumana nabantu kungase kuhlotshaniswe namaphethini okungahambisani nokusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlobana phakathi kwe-IA, alexithymia, kanye nezimpawu zokucindezeleka kwatholakala ukuthi kudinga ukucaciswa ngezifundo zesikhathi esizayo.
Ukungqubuzana kwesitatimende senzalo
Abalobi bamemezela ukuthi ucwaningo lwaluqhutshwa ngokungabikho kobudlelwane bezohwebo noma zezimali ezingase zithathwe njengokungqubuzana okungase kube khona.
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Amagama angukhiye: Ukulutha kwe-intanethi, ukukhubazeka kokusetshenziswa kwe-Intanethi, ukulutha kokuziphatha, izingosi zokuxhumana nabantu, imidlalo yama-play-play online, i-alexithymia
Isikhombo: I-Geisel O, i-Panneck P, i-Stickel A, i-Schneider M ne-Müller CA (i-2015) Izimpawu zamageyimu wokuxhumana nabantu: imiphumela yocwaningo lwe-intanethi. Ngaphambili. I-Psychiatry 6: 69. i-doi: 10.3389 / fpsyt.2015.00069
Itholiwe: 30 January 2015; Yamukelwe: 27 April 2015;
Ishicilelwe: 08 July 2015
Kuhlelwe ngu:
I-Rajshekhar Bipeta, I-Gandhi Medical College neSibhedlela, eNdiya
Review yenziwe ngu:
Aviv M. Weinstein, University of Ariel, Israel
Alka Anand Subramanyam, I-Topiwala National Medical College ne-BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, eNdiya
I-copyright: © 2015 Geisel, Panneck, Stickel, Schneider noMüller. Lokhu kuyisihloko sokufinyelela okuvulekile esasakazwa ngaphansi kwemigomo ye- Ilayisense ye-Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY). Ukusetshenziswa, ukusatshalaliswa noma ukukhiqizwa kwamanye amaforamu kuvumelekile, uma ngabe abalobi bokuqala noma abanikezeli belayisensi bebanjwa nokuthi ukushicilelwa kokuqala kulo magazini kubhalwe, ngokuhambisana nomkhuba wokufunda owamkelwe. Akukho ukusetshenziswa, ukusatshalaliswa noma ukukhiqizwa okuvunyelwe okungavumelani nale migomo.
* Ukuxhumana: Olga Geisel, uMnyango Wezokwelapha, uCampus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, eJalimane, [i-imeyili ivikelwe]