Zoology yamanje, i-ele054, https://doi.org/10.1093/cz/zoy054
Ishicilelwe: 04 July 2018
abstract
Izintandokazi zokufanisa zingabonisa ukuhluka okudlulele ngaphakathi naphakathi kwabantu ngisho nalapho izimpendulo zengqondo zigcinwa. Lokhu kuhluka kungumphumela wezinguquko ezihlotshaniswa nezinqubo zokuhlola ezinika ukwaziswa okuhle, ukungathathi hlangothi, noma okungalungile kwe-hedonic okushoyo-okuwukuthi, ukubhala njengokukhangayo, okungathandeki, noma okungathandeki. Kukhona ubufakazi obuhle bokuziphatha bokuhlukahluka kwezakhi zofuzo, ukulandelana kwemvelo, noma ukuhlangenwe nakho kwezenhlalo okuholela ekushintsheni okuphawulekayo kokubaluleka kwe-hedonic yezinkomba. Ukuhlola kufezwa ngezinqubo eziningi eziguquguqukayo ngokushintshashintsha kwezakhi zofuzo noma izimpembelelo zemvelo, futhi lokho kungase kubangele ukutholakala ngokushesha noma ukulahlekelwa okuthandayo. Ukuguqulwa okuthandwayo okuvela "ku-flips" ku-hedonic value kungase kuvame kakhulu. Ukubandakanya izinguquko ezinjalo ezinqatshelwe ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo kungase kukhanyise ukuqonda kwethu kwezinqubo ezifana nokuhlukahluka kobuciko, ukungqubuzana ngokobulili, nokuzikhethela okungokomthetho.
I-EXCERPTS ELELELEKILE:
Ukuguqulwa okuhlangenwe nakho okuhlangenwe nakho kwe-hedonic value
Ikhetha okuzenzekelayo kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-vertebrate kanye ne-invertebrate ukukhetha okungahle kuguqulwe ngesipiliyoni. Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kuvela emiphumeleni yokuphila kwansuku zonke ekuthuthukiseni kwentuthuko emifushane yesikhathi esifushane phakathi nokuhlangana kokuthandana. Kwezinye izimo, imiphumela yokuhlangenwe nakho ingaxhunyaniswa ngokuqondile nokuguqulwa kwesisindo, isibonelo isimiso sokuhlukanisa se-smorant receptors ekuphenduleni ukuvezwa okufakiwe (Nevitt et al. 1994). Kwamanye amaningi, ukunyuka okunjalo kokuzwela komuntu ohlangothini oluthile kungasakwazi ukukhishwa. Noma kunjalo, kunamacala amaningi nakakhulu lapho singaqiniseka khona ukuthi ukukhetha okuxhomeke kulolu phiko kuhilela ukuguqulwa kokubaluleka kwe-hedonic ngokulandelana kwempendulo egciniwe. Lokhu kuyinkinga yokufakela ucansi emagqumeni e-zebra, lapho abantu behlakulela khona okuthandayo okutholakala kumzali wobulili obuhlukile no-antipathies kulabo abatholakala kumzali we-samesex (eyishumi Cate et al. 2006). Ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo, ukuvezwa kwengozi, njengezilwane ezidalwa yizilwane, kubangela ukuthi abadlali balahlekelwe noma baphenduke izintandokazi zabo zezinhlobonhlobo ezinikeza ukukhuthazwa okukhulu kwezinto (Berglund 1993; Pilakouta no-Alonzo 2014). Umphumela ofanayo uvela ekukopheni umlingani, lapho abesifazane bekhetha owesilisa ongathandeki ngaphambili lapho ehlangene ngamagama avela kwenye insikazi (uMery et al. 2009; i-Santos et al. 2014; i-Vakirtzis 2011). Abakhethayo bavame ukuguqula izintandokazi zabo ngobudala ngezindlela ezingenakwenzeka ukuba zivele kusuka ekuguqulweni kwezinzwa. Isibonelo, ama-bunchbirds abesilisa besifazane abashayiswa ukubonisana ngokukhululeka lapho bebancane, kodwa bakhetha abafana abathandekayo uma bekhulile: i-stimulus ebonakalayo ibonakala isuka ekukhulekeleni kuya ekukhangeni njengendlela yabesifazane abafunda ukuhlukanisa ukuxoshwa kokusongela (Coleman et i-2004).
Ukufunda okuhlangene
Ukufunda okuhlanganisayo kunikeza indlela yokugcina futhi ekuyo yonke indawo yokwabela inani le-hedonic kusikhuthazo. Kalula nje, izikhuthazi ezingqubuzanayo ezihlotshaniswa nokuhlangenwe nakho okuhle kumongo wokukhethwa komlingani ziyakhanga, lezo ezihambisana nokuhlangenwe nakho okubi azikhangi. Isibonelo, uCorria-Avila nozakwabo (2005) bathole ukuthi abesifazane bafunde ukukhetha iphunga elingenakuphikiswa elisetshenziswe kumagundane wesilisa kumongo "wokuqhutshwa kokuhamba ngesivinini", lapho abesifazane bekwazi ukulawula isilinganiso sokukhwelana, kepha hhayi kumongo "ongavulelwanga" lapho abesifazane bekufanele ivikele imizamo yokuhlangana. Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ngumvuzo wezocansi - isisusa esinenani elihle le-hedonic elihlotshaniswa nokuqomisana nokukhwelana - kungasebenza njengokuqinisa ezimweni ezahlukahlukene. Ngempela, izilwane zingaqeqeshwa ukukhulisa izibungu: okunamandla, okuncamelayo okukhuthazayo okungqubuzanayo. UPfaus nozakwabo (2012) baqeqeshe amagundane angamadoda ukuhlobanisa ukuhlangana nokugqoka ijakhethi yamagundane. Ngemuva kokuqeqeshwa, abesilisa bavuswa ngocansi ngokufakwa ijakhethi, futhi bakhombisa nokuncipha kocansi lapho bevezwa bengagqokile abesifazane. U-inketinkaya no-Domjan (2006) basebenzise umbandela ofanayo ukuqeqesha izigwaca zesilisa ukufaka 'into yamasundu'. Noma yisiphi isisusa ngakho-ke sinamandla okuhlanganiswa nomvuzo wezocansi, noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, nokuhlangenwe nakho okungathandeki kocansi, yize laba bokugcina benganakiwe kangako. Ukufunda okuhlanganisayo ngakho-ke kunganikeza inani eliqinile noma elibi le-hedonic kuzinkomba zokuphikisana.
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