Update: Ukuphikisa okuqondile Ubulili Ngosana: Abantu bathembeke ngokwengeziwe ngokobulili futhi banomqondo wokukhathalela indoda eyodwa kunemifanekiso eminingi edumile efuna ukusenza sikholelwe. Bona: "Inganekwane Yendoda Eyiyo Kanye Nenkohliso. ”
Yenzani ukuhlonza kwakho okuzwakalayo okushoyo impilo yakho yothando?
Ukuziphatha komuntu kuyehluka kakhulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-primates, sithonywe kakhulu amasiko, inkolo, ukukhuliswa komndeni, njalonjalo. Ngenxa yalokho, kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi ukuganwa kwethu ngumfazi oyedwa okufanelekile kubangelwa amasiko hhayi okwemvelo. (Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubonakala sengathi siyakwamukela ukuthi ukuthambekela kokuziphatha okuxekethile kufakwe ezingqondweni zethu.)
Eqinisweni, siyikho zahlelwa ukubhangqa isibopho — njengoba nje sihlelelwe ukwengeza ama-notch emabhande ethu. Ngokuhlelwa, ngiqonde ukuthi ubuchopho bethu busethwe ukuze sizibandakanye kulezi ziphatha ngomkhawulo ophansi wokuheha kunalokho ebesingakwenza ngenye indlela. Zombili lezi zinhlelo zisebenza ngezakhi zethu zofuzo, njengoba kunjalo nangokungezwani phakathi kwazo. Isibonelo, ngokwesilinganiso, sihlala isikhathi eside ngokwanele siboshiwe ukuba uthandane nengane, obese ezuza kubanakekeli ababili. Ngemuva kwalokho singakhula kalula singahlaliseki futhi sifune izakhi zofuzo ezintsha ngomunye umuntu esithandana naye. Ucwaningo lwase-Italy, ngokwesibonelo, lwembula ukuthi i-racy yethu "i-honeymoon neurochemistry" uqobo sigqoka ngaphakathi kweminyaka emibili.
Ukubophela ngababili akuyona nje indlela yokufunda. Ukube abengekho neural correlates ngemuva kwalokhu kuziphatha, bekungeke kube khona ukuthanda kakhulu nokuhlanganisa phakathi kwamasiko amaningi kangaka. Isifiso sokubambisana esibili sakhiwe ngaphakathi futhi silinde ukusebenza, kufana nehlelo olubopha izinsana ezinezinakekeli. Eqinisweni, lezi zinhlelo ezimbili zivela ezingxenyeni ezibucayi zobuchopho bese zisebenzisa ama-neurochemicals ezifanayo. * The I-Coolidge Effect (lokho kuthambekela kokuthambekela kokujwayela umlingani ojwayele ukuya naye ocansini futhi ulangazelele inoveli eyodwa) kubuye kube uhlelo. Iqiniso lokuthi lezi zinhlelo zivame ukubusa elinye nelinye aliguquli iqiniso lokuthi zombili ziyasithonya.
Ngisho nalapho sibheka ukuthambekela okunjengalezi, bahamba. Ngakho-ke ukuthi abalingani kumele bavame ukubopha amazinyo abo uma bekhetha ukuhlala bethembekile lapho bebhekene nezinxusa ukuphishekela abalingani beveli. Futhi abantu abaningi banamathele emithonya enamandla yokubambisana nabazali, ngisho noma bekhetha ukungabi nabantwana. Ungumama ongavamile ongahlanganisi nezingane zakhe (nakuba kungenzeka uma, isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kuye kwaphazamisa i-neurochemistry yakhe). Ngokufanayo, abantu bangase bakhethe ukungalokothi bahlanganyele ocansi kanye ne-orgasm, kodwa amaqembu e-neurons axhunyiwe azimisele ukuwanikeza isipiliyoni esinamandla uma enza.
Futhi, izinhlelo ezinjalo zikhona ngenxa ye izakhiwo zomzimba ebuchosheni—Kakhulu lezo ezakha i- “the umjikelezo womvuzo. ” Le ndlela isebenza nge-neurochemical called i-dopamine ("Nginakho!" I-neurochemical). Kungakho ukuthandana, ucansi, ukukhulisa ingane, futhi imvamisa ukuphishekela umlingani wenoveli konke kubhalisa njenge Okuvuza.
Ngaphandle kwalomvuzo we-neurochemical, ama-bond bonders abengeke azihluphe ngokubhangqa isibopho. Bangahlala ohlelweni olujwayelekile, olungamanyala lwe-mammalian, ekuphishekeleni i- yayo umvuzo. Ngokubikezela, kukhona ubufakazi bokusebenza okuhlukile kobuchopho ku izindiza ezimbili ezibophayo (uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobonhlobo ezingabambisani nezibopho). Futhi kukhona idatha ebonisa umsebenzi ofanayo wobuchopho ezimbonini ezibopha izimbhangqwana. Bheka: Ama-Neural correlates wokubambisana phakathi komuntu oyedwa oyedwa. Yize kudingeka olunye ucwaningo, kungenzeka ukuthi izilwane ezincelisayo ezinamathelayo (ngokungafani nama-bonobos angabambisani nababili, ngokwesibonelo) zabelana ngama-neural correlates afanayo: amanethiwekhi we-neural, uhlobo lwe-receptor kanye nama-neurotransmitter athile, njll. Isazi se-Neuroendocrinologist uSue Carter uzwakalise lo mbono: " Ukwahlukaniswa kwamakhemikhali [okubopha] cishe kuzofana nakubantu nasezilwaneni ngoba kungumsebenzi oyisisekelo. ”
Ngenkathi zonke izilwane ezincelisayo zithola ubulili, izigqila ezimbili nazo zibhalisa umlingani ngamunye njengenzuzo. Siyabonga ngaloluhlelo olufihlekile lokubambisana, ubuchopho bethu bukhanyisa ngakho-ke siyancipha. Futhi izinhliziyo zethu ziphumula lapho zihlukaniswa nomngane wethu othandekayo. Izindiza ezibophezela kabili, nazo, zibonisa izimpawu zokudla uma zihlukaniswe nomlingani.
Udinga ubufakazi obengeziwe? Cabanga ngentukuthelo yesihogo esivela lapho sishaywa umuntu omusha. Inkomo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ayinandaba uma inkunzi eyamkhulela izolo yenza umsebenzi wayo nomakhelwane wayo namuhla. Engenayo i-correlates ye-neural edingekayo, ayiyona i-bonder pair.
Kungani kufanele sinakekele ukuthi singama-bonders?
Kungani kufanele sinakekele ukuthi singama-bonders?Njengoba kunikezwe iqiniso lokuthi isifiso sokushintsha abalingani sivame ukwedlula ukuthambekela kwethu kokubhangqa okubili, akufanele yini siqhubeke nokunaka lolu hlelo olungathembekile? Mhlawumbe hhayi. Noma isifiso sethu sokubopha izithandani ngokusobala singesona isiqinisekiso sokuhlala kamnandi nomuntu othandana naye, ukukuqonda kangcono kunganikeza imikhondo ebalulekile yokwaneliseka kobudlelwano, kanye nenhlalakahle enkulu. Asazi babe ukuhambisana ne-ajenda yethu ethambekele ekuxabaneni.
Ake sicabangele ezinye zezici ezinganakwa zalolu hlelo:
Okokuqala, kungenzeka ukuthi sivela emgqeni omude wezigqila ezimbili. Ukutholakala kwezinsalela zakamuva kuphakamisa ukuthi ukubambisana kokubili kungase kube okungafani nezehlakalo esingokwemvelo. Ukutholakala kwabantu bokuqala okuqala I-Ardipithecus (Iminyaka eyi-4.4 yeminyaka ubudala) kusho ukuthi umugqa wethu kanye nomugqa we-chimp wahlukanisa esikhathini esidlule. Abanye abacwaningi bacabanga ukuthi, ngoba I-Ardipithecus abesilisa nabesifazane babelingana ngosayizi, kanti izibonelo azinawo amazinyo amakhulu, abukhali e-canine, kungenzeka ukuthi umncintiswano onolaka, ovame ukuba nobudlova phakathi kwabesilisa kwabesifazane ekushiseni okufanekisa ama-gorilla nezimfene wawungekho.
Lokhu ayengakwenza basikisela ukuthi abesilisa baqala ukungena ebuhlotsheni obunjalo bomama nabesifazane-mhlawumbe betha isikhathi esiningi sokuthwala ukudla (okuzokwenza ukuhamba emilenzeni emibili) nokunakekela izingane zabo kunabokhokho bokuqala. Bheka: Ingabe Abantu Basandaqala Baqala Ukuhamba Ngezocansi? Ngamafuphi, i-bonobo chimps eziphathekayo eziyingozi, izihlobo zethu eziphilayo eziseduze, azikho ngempela. Njengezigqila ezingabambisani, zingase zibe ncane ukuthi zisifundise ngokuphila okuthandwayo.
Okwesibili, isibopho esijabulisayo sinikeza abantu izinzwa zokuneliseka okujulile, okukhuthaza impilo. Lapho abacwaningi betha izinyathelo zenjabulo, isibopho esibanjwe ngokubambisana sibhalisa njengomunye wabaluleke kakhulu izici zenjabulo. Lokhu kungaba umsebenzi we-wiring-bonder wiring yethu. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukuthinta okufudumayo nokududuzayo phakathi kwabashade kubonakala sengathi ukuvikela wezempilo nempilo ende. “Ukuthintana okwandayo phakathi kwemibhangqwana kunethonya elizuzisayo ezinhlelweni eziningi ezizwela ukucindezeleka.”
Ukuthintana okuthandanayo phakathi kwabalingani ababili ababoshiwe kubonakala kuwukuthi ukukhululwa oxhumana naye ofanayo opholile ohlanganisa izinsana nabanakekeli. Izindatshana eziningi ezithandwayo zigcizelela ukuthi i-orgasm ejwayelekile izuzisa abashadile. Kepha lokho kucabanga kunganaki ukuthi sinezintambo zokuzuza ekuzihlanganiseni nasekusondeleni ngokwabo, ikakhulukazi ngaphandle kokuthi i-orgasm ivele yini. Ukucaca ngaleli phuzu kungenza ukuhlala othandweni kungabi namandla ngaphandle kwalokho esikucabangayo.
Ngokulandelayo sizobheka ifayela le- ubungozi obungase buhlukumeze izibopho ezimbili.
* [Kusuka kuSomlomo Isifinyezo senkulumo kaLarry Young, i-PhD enesihloko esithi, "Neurobiology of Social Bonding and Monogamy"]
Izimpondo ezinjengezidalwa zabantu, ziyizenhlalo futhi zakha izibopho zombili ezihlala isikhathi eside phakathi kwabashadile. Lokhu kuqhathaniswa nephesenti le-95 yazo zonke izinhlobo ze-mammalian, ezingabonakali ezikwazi ukudala izibopho zomphakathi ezihlala isikhathi eside phakathi kwabalingani. Ucwaningo lokuhlola ubuchopho kanye nezindlela zofuzo ezihambisana nokubambisana kokubili kubonise indima ebalulekile yamakhemikhali ambalwa abalulekile ebuchosheni ekusunguleni ubuhlobo bomphakathi. I-Oxytocin ne-vasopressin ibonakala igxile ekucabangeni kobuchopho emibonweni yomphakathi emvelweni. Phakathi nokubunjwa kwembhangqwana kabili, la amakhemikhali asebenzisana nesistimu yomvuzo wengqondo (isib. I-dopamine) ukusungula ubudlelwane phakathi kwezinkulumo zomphakathi zomlingani kanye nemvelo enomvuzo wokubambisana. Ngakho kungani ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezikwazi ukwakha izibopho zomphakathi kanti ezinye zingekho? Ukucwaninga ngokuqhathanisa ubuchopho bezilwane ezinomuntu oyedwa kanye nonogogo kubonisa ukuthi yindawo ye-receptors ephendula i-oxytocin ne-vasopressin enquma ukuthi umuntu uzokwazi yini ukubopha. Isibonelo, izinyoni ezihamba phambili zezintombi zendoda zinezinkinga eziphezulu ze-vasopressin receptors esikhungweni se-ventral forebrain umvuzo okubandakanyeka ekugqiliseni. Izintambo ezingezona umumo wemizi ezingenayo i-receptors lapho. Kodwa-ke, uma ama-receptors afakwa kulokhu isikhungo sokuvuza emkhakheni ongewona owodwa womhlaba, lezi zinduna zithuthukisa kalula amandla okufaka izibopho. Lezi zifundo futhi ziphakamisa ukuthi ukubambisana kokubili kubambisana nezinqubo eziningi zobuchopho njengomlutha. Ucwaningo lwe-Genetic luveze ukuthi ukuhlukahluka kwe-DNA ukuhlukana kwegesi okufakela i-vasopressin receptor kuthinta izinga lokukhulumisana kwamakhemikhali ezindaweni ezithile zobuchopho futhi ukubikezela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi owesilisa uzokwakha isibopho somphakathi nomuntu wesifazane.
Izifundo zakamuva ebantwini ziveze ukufana okuphawulekayo endimeni ye-oxytocin ne-vasopressin ekulawuleni ukuqonda komphakathi nokuziphatha kwe-vole nakumuntu. Ukuhlukahluka ekulandelaneni kwe-DNA kwe-vasopressin receptor gene kuhlotshaniswe nokwehluka kwezinyathelo zekhwalithi yobuhlobo bezothando. Kubantu, ukuhanjiswa kwe-intranasal kwe-oxytocin kuthuthukisa ukwethembana, kukhulisa ukubuka emehlweni, kukhulisa uzwela futhi kuthuthukise ukufunda okuqiniswa ngumphakathi. Ngempela kubonakala sengathi ukuvuselela uhlelo lwe-oxytocin kubantu kukhulisa ukunakwa kwezimpawu zomphakathi emvelweni….
- Izinqubo ze-neurobiological zokunamathiswa komphakathi kanye nokuhlanganiswa kokubili (2015)
- Ucwaningo lwe-2016: Izintaba zokudumisa zibonisa ukududuza kwabantu [kodwa izindiza ezingabambisene ngezibili azifani]
- Ingabe iphilisi elisha lingabeka umlutha? (I-2018). Iphilisi, ngokuvumelana ne Izindaba ezingu-9, isebenza ngokulingisa ukuziphatha kwe-hormone oxytocin-i-hormone eyaziwa ngokukhuthaza ukuxhumana nokuxhumana nabantu.
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