Bheka i-athikili nguPascal-Emmanuel Gobry
Bathi isinyathelo sokuqala ukuvuma ukuthi unenkinga. Ngicabanga ukuthi abafundi abaningi balesi sihloko bazophendula ngentukuthelo, futhi abaningi bazoyibona isho izinto ababesazi ukuthi ziyiqiniso — futhi ngicabanga ukuthi la maqembu amabili azogqagqana. Isithiyo esinamandla kakhulu sokubhekana nomlutha owonakalisayo ukuphika, futhi sisonke siyaphika ngezithombe zocansi.
Njengoba kubonakala ngathi kufanelekile ngandlela-thile, ake ngisho ekuqaleni ukuthi ngingumFulentshi. Wonke amafayibha omzimba wami wesiLatini, umzimba wama Katolika uthola ukuhlanzeka kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo, ikakhulukazi uhlobo oluxakile, lwama-Anglo-Puritan adlangile eMelika. Ngikholelwa ukuthi i-eroticism ingesinye sezipho zikaNkulunkulu ezinkulu esizinikezwe isintu, ukunqotshwa okuyisimanga, futhi hhayi kudala kakhulu, izixwayiso ze-hyperbolic mayelana nobungozi bezithombe zocansi, noma ngabe buvela kumngane wami we-Evangelical Christian noma abangane besifazane abathuthukayo.
Akusenjalo. Sengiphenduke umuntu obulalayo. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, umngani - ngokungamangazi, umngani wesifazane - uthe kunobufakazi obuqinile bezokwelapha ngesincazelo sokuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi ziyingozi kakhulu kunokuba abantu abaningi besola. Njengoba nganginokungabaza, ngabheka kukho. Ngaba nomdlandla futhi ngaqhubeka ngilandela isayensi evelayo, kanye nobufakazi be-inthanethi, buye baqhubeka. Akuzange kungithathe isikhathi eside ukuqonda ukuthi umngane wami uqinisile. Eqinisweni, lapho ngiqhubeka ngifunda le ndaba, ngathuthumela kakhulu.
Ukuphikisana okukukhulu kwalesi sihloko ngukuthi, noma kunjalo singazizwa ngokuziphatha okuhle ngezithombe zocansi ngokuvamile, izici eziningana mayelana nezithombe zocansi njengoba zaba khona eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, ngokuvela kwezindawo ze- “Tube” ezinikezela ngokungapheli, ngokushesha , ividiyo enencazelo ephezulu ngo-2006, kanye nokwanda kwama-Smartphones kanye namathebulethi kusukela ngo-2007, kuhlukile ngokuyisisekelo kunoma yini esake sabhekana nayo phambilini.
Kuyavela ukuvumelana kwesayensi ukuthi i-porn yanamuhla iyingozi eyimpilo yomphakathi: umzimba wayo omusha uhlanganisa nezinto ezithile ezenziwe ngengqondo ukuwenza ube umlutha oyingqayizivele, ngokuhambisana nanoma yisiphi isidakamizwa ongasibiza - futhi sihlasele ngokuhlukile. Ubufakazi obuku: I-porn buyimilutha njengokubhema, noma ngaphezulu, ngaphandle kokuthi lokho okubhemayo akwenzayo emaphashini akho, i-porn yenza ubuchopho bakho.
Umonakalo ungokoqobo, futhi ubalulekile. Ubufakazi besayensi bukhuphukile: izici ezithile eziklanywe ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwe-neurobiology yethu azisho nje ukuthi i-porn yanamuhla ingumlutha kakhulu, kodwa ukuthi lokhu kulutheka — okuthi, okwamanje, kufaka phakathi iningi labesilisa — sekuphinde kwakha ubuchopho bethu ngezindlela. ezibe nomthelela omkhulu kulimaza ubulili bethu, ubudlelwano bethu, kanye nasengqondweni yethu yengqondo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngikholwa ukuthi nayo inomthelela omkhulu ekufinyeleleni enhlalakahleni yethu yezenhlalo sisonke-kuyilapho kungenakwenzeka ukukhombisa ubudlelwano obukhona kanye nesayensi nomphumela wesayensi ngaphandle kokungabaza okuzwakalayo uma kukhulunywa ngokuthambekela okubanzi komphakathi. ubufakazi busacindezela noma, okungenani, buthikameza kakhulu.
Ngempela, kuyaphoqa ukuthi manje ngikholwa ukuthi umlutha we-inthanethi wobulili obucansi uyinselelo enkulu yezempilo yomphakathi ebheke eNtshonalanga namuhla.
Uma ubufakazi bukhulu kakhulu futhi umonakalo ujulile futhi udlangile, kungani kungekho muntu okhuluma ngalokhu? Hhayi-ke kungani kwathatha isikhathi eside kangaka ukuba umphakathi uvume, futhi ubuphendule, ebufakazini bokulimala kokubhema? Ngokwengxenye ngoba, noma ngabe ubufakazi besayensi obuqhamukayo buqinile impela, kumhlaba wonke omuhle kakhulu kuhlala kukhona ukungaboni ngaso linye phakathi kochwepheshe abakwenzayo bethola ukutholwa kanye nabagcini-masango bezemfundo bakwamukela, ngaleyo ndlela bekunikeza isitembu senhlalo segunya lesivumelwano sokuvumelana kwesayensi. Ngokwengxenye kungenxa yokuthi, kwabaningi bethu, ukucabanga kwethu kwesizinda ukuthi "i-porn" isho into efana nayo Playboy kanye namalogi ezinwele. Ngokwengxenye, kungenxa yokusatshalaliswa okubanzi (futhi, ngokubuka kwami, okuyiphutha) mayelana nokuthi yimaphi amanani abalulekile njengokukhuluma ngokukhululeka, ukulingana ngokobulili, kanye nempilo yezocansi. Ngokwengxenye yingoba izintshisekelo ezinemininingwane ejulile zinesibopho sokuma kwesimo. Futhi ezingxenyeni ezinkulu kakhulu, kungenxa yokuthi iningi lethu manje liyimilutha — futhi njengemilutha emihle, siyaphika.
I-porn Yikubhema Olusha
Bengilokhu ngibhema kusukela ngineminyaka ema-20. Ngikhulumile izinto ezinjengokuthi, "Ngingakwazi ukuyeka noma nini," "Ngiyakwenza nje ngoba ngiyakujabulela," "Ugogo wami wabhema amashumi eminyaka futhi uphilile impela," ngenkathi ngizwa ihlazo eliyimfihlo lokuhluleka ukukhuphuka indiza izitebhisi ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa umoya wami. Alukho uhlobo lokukhohlisa olunamandla ngaphezu kokuzikhohlisa.
Abameli be-anti-porn abanjengegama elithi "i-porn ukubhema okusha." Shayela namuhla ukuqala kwesigaba se- "Mad Men" senqubo-ke: isikhathi lapho iningi labantu lisakubona ukubhema njengento engenabungozi, kepha ubufakazi besayensi buyaqala manqwabelana, futhi idrip-Drip-Drip yedatha entsha iqala ukuzwakala ngaphesheya kwemibuthano ekhethekile yezemfundo kanye nezingwevu ezimbalwa ezazinezinsolo zokuthi konke lokhu bekungasho lutho kunendlela ebukeka ngayo. Singathemba, isikhathi esingekude kakhulu kusuka manje, sizobheka amahlaya anamuhla nge-PornHub ngokuxubana okufanayo kokungabi namahloni nokuzizwa sinamahloni lapho sibona izikhangiso ze-1950s ezineziqubulo ezinjengethi "Odokotela Abengeziwe Bhema Ikhamera Kunanoma Ithini Omunye Ugwayi."
Ngakho-ke, iyini le datha yesayensi entsha?
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukubheka ubufakazi bomphumela we-porn kumakhemikhali obuchopho. Kuyisimanga ukusho ukuthi izilwane ezincelisayo, ikakhulukazi abesilisa, zinethiwekhi ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo ukuze zifune ukuvusa inkanuko yezocansi. Lapho sikuthola, ingxenye ejulile yobuchopho bethu ebizwa ngokuthi isikhungo semivuzo, esabelana ngayo nezilwane eziningi ezincelisayo futhi umsebenzi wazo okuyiwona wokusenza sizizwe kahle lapho senza izinto ezenziwe ngokwendalo ukuzifuna, sikhulula i-neurotransmitter dopamine.
I-Dopamine kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa nge- “hormone yenjabulo,” kepha lokhu kungukuqagela; kungaba ngokunemba ngokwengeziwe ukuyibiza ngokuthi "i-hormone yesifiso" noma "i-hormone efisayo". Ngokuxakayo, ukukhishwa kwe-dopamine akuqali ngomvuzo uqobo, kepha ngokucabanga komvuzo. Umsebenzi wesikhungo somvuzo ukusenza fisa lezo zinto esakhelwe ukuba sizifune ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo — ukuqala ngocansi nokudla.
Akuyona neze i-scoop yokuthi abantu banentambo yokufuna ukukhuthaza ubulili, akunjalo? Cha, kepha i-inthanethi yanamuhla ye-porn idlala ngendlela ehlukile ngohlelo lwethu lomvuzo. Ukuklanywa kohlelo lokuvuza lwabesilisa kubangela okuthile ososayensi bakubiza ngePholeji Yenqubo.
Kuqanjwe ngaye ihlaya elidala: UMongameli uCalvin Coolidge kanye noNkosikazi Wokuqala bahambela ipulazi ngokuhlukile. Unkosikazi Coolidge uvakashela igceke lenkukhu futhi ubona iqhude livutha kakhulu. Ubuza ukuthi kwenzeka kangaki lokho, bese etshelwa ukuthi, “Kukangakhi usuku nosuku.” Kuphendula uNkk .idgeidge ephendula, “Tshela lokho kumongameli uma eza.” Lapho etshelwa, umongameli uyabuza, “Heke njalo? "" Hhayi, Mnu. Mnu., Isikhukhukazi esihlukile ngaso sonke isikhathi. "" Tshela lokho kuNkk. Coolidge. "
Ngakho-ke, i-Coolidge umphumela. Uma ufaka i-rat yesilisa ebhokisini enamagundane amaningana abesifazane ekushiseni, igundane liyoqala ukubonana nawo wonke amagundwane abesifazane, aze aqedwe ngokuphelele. Amagundane abesifazane, asafuna ingqungquthela yokuya ocansini, ayobamba futhi akhothoze isilwanyana esikhishwe emanzini, kodwa ngesinye isikhathi uyovele ayeke ukuphendula — kuze kube yilapho ufaka owesimame omusha ebhokisini, lapho owesilisa eyovele avuke masinyane aqhubeke ashade naye intokazi entsha.
Kuhle ihlaya (albeit corny). Kepha i-Coolidge Effect nayo ingenye yokutholwa okuqinile kakhulu kwisayensi. Kuye kwaphindwaphindwa kuzo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo, futhi ezinye izilwane eziningi (ezinye izinhlobo zekhilikithi azinayo). Isidingo sokuziphendukela kwemvelo ukusabalalisa izinhlobo zofuzo ngangokunokwenzeka, okwenza ukuthi i-Coolidge Effect ivumelane nezimo ezifanele kakhulu. I-Neurochemically, lokhu kusho ukuthi ubuchopho bethu bukhiqiza i-dopamine eningi nabalingani bezinoveli. Futhi-ke le yinto ebaluleke kunazo zonke - kumasayithi we-Tube, isigcawu ngasinye se-porn ngasinye ubuchopho bethu buchaza njengomlingani omusha. Ocwaningweni, ifilimu efanayo yezocansi yaboniswa kaningi eqenjini lamadoda, futhi bathola ukuthi ukuvuselelwa kwehla ngokubuka okusha ngakunye -kuze kwaboniswa ifilimu entsha, lapho kwavuka khona lelo zinga lapho futhi amadoda akhonjiswa le filimu okokuqala.
Lokhu kungenye yezindlela ezibucayi zokuthi i-porn yanamuhla ihluke ngokuyisisekelo izolo: akufani Playboy, I-inthanethi engcolile ihlinzeka ngamaqiniso angenamkhawulo angasho lutho. Ngamasayithi we-Tube nokuxhumeka kwe-Broadband, ungaba nesiqeshana esisha-lokho ubuchopho bakho obukuhumusha njengozakwethu omusha-ngokoqobo umzuzu ngamunye, umzuzwana ngamunye. Futhi ngamalaptops, ama-smartphones kanye namathebulethi, angatholwa yonke indawo, 24/7, ngokushesha.
Lokhu kungafaniswa nalokho uNobel laureate Nikolaas Tinbergen akubiza ngokuthi yi-superstimulus: okuthile okwenziwe ngomfutho okuthi isisusa sobuchopho bethu sisetshenziswe ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo, kepha ngokwezinga elingaphezulu kwalokho esikulungele ngokwemvelo ukubhekana nakho, okulimaza usizi ebuchosheni bethu. UTinbergen uthole ukuthi izinyoni zabesifazane zingachitha izimpilo zazo zilwela ukuhlala kuma-fake amaqanda amakhulu, anemibala ekhanyayo ngenkathi zishiya amaqanda azo ukuba afe. Inani elikhulayo lososayensi likholelwa ukuthi isifo sokukhuluphala sumphumela we-superstimulus: imikhiqizo efana noshukela ocwengekile yizibonelo zezibonelo zenguqulo yokufakelwa okuthile esiklanyelwe ukukufuna, kwifomu elihlanganisiwe elingekho emvelweni nokuthi imizimba ayilungiselelwe.
Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo akukwazanga ukulungiselela ubuchopho bethu ukushesha kwe-neurochemical kwe-kaleidoscope ehlale njalo ikhuluma ngezinto zobulili. Lokhu kwenza i-inthanethi engcolile ibe umlutha oyingqayizivele — njengesidakamizwa. Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi isizathu sokuthi izidakamizwa zamakhemikhali zingaba umlutha kangaka ukuthi zidala izindlela zethu zokuvuza zemizwa ezixhumene nobulili; imilutha yama-heroin imvamisa ithi ukudubula “kuzwakala njenge-orgasm.” Ucwaningo olwenziwe ngo-2010 kumagundane lwathola ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-methamphetamine kusebenze izinhlelo zemivuzo efanayo kanye nokujikeleza okufanayo nobulili.
(Kanye namahlengethwa nezinye izimbali eziphakeme, amagundane yiwona kuphela izilwane ezincelisayo ngokuzithokozisa kanye nokuzala; futhi izinqubo zabantu zokuvuza ngocansi ziba ngokufana ngokufana namagundane ', ngoba zingenye yezingxenye ezivelile zobuchopho bethu) Lezi zinto zenza ukuthi abahlaziyi abancane babe yizifundo ezinhle kakhulu zezivivinyo ku-neurochemistry yezocansi lwesintu. Yebo, uma kukhulunywa ngocansi, thina bantu amadoda ngamagundane ngokuyisisekelo. Okuningi owaziyo.)
Ngaphezu kwalokho, akekho umuntu owazalwa enamakhompiyutha emiqondo abuzwa ngotshwala, noma i-cocaine — kepha wonke umuntu uzalwa enohlelo lwemivuzo olukhuni lokukhuthaza ucansi. Ucwaningo lokulutha lukhombisile ukuthi akubona bonke abantu abanokuthambekela kokuluthwa ezintweni zamakhemikhali-kuphela uma unokuthambekela kofuzo lapho uhlelo lwakho lomvuzo wobuchopho lungakhohliswa lokwenza ikhemikhali elithile ngocansi. Lokhu yingakho abanye abantu baphuza utshwala ngisho nangemva kokuba bevezwe ngamanani otshwala ngokulingana, kanti abanye (njengami) bangaphuza kakhulu ngaphandle kokuthuthukisa umlutha, noma kungani abanye abantu bengaba nogwayi owodwa ephathini bese bengakhathazeki ngakho ngenkathi abanye (njengami) kumele babe ne-nicotine fix yabo nsuku zonke. Ngokuphambene, sonke sinesifiso sokulutha ekuvuseleleni ubulili.
Enye indlela eyakhiwe kahle yokuziphendukela kwemvelo yinto ebizwa ngokuthi umphumela wokuncipha. Sivele savela ngaphansi kwezimo zokuntuleka kwemithombo, okwakusho ukuthi bekungusizo olukhulu ukuba nohlelo lomvuzo oluhlelelwe ukusinika idrayivu eqinile kakhulu yokuloba noma nini lapho sithatha into ethile. Kodwa ukubeka izilwane ezincelisayo emoyeni ngenxa yokulimala kakhulu endaweni enenqwaba kungalimaza ubuchopho bazo. (Umphumela wokuluma ubuye waxhunyaniswa nokukhuluphala.)
Uma uhlelo lwethu lomvuzo luhumusha isiqeshana se-porn esisha njengento efanayo nomlingani omusha wezocansi, lokhu kusho uhlobo olungenakuqhathaniswa olukhuthaza ubuchopho bethu. Akunakuqhathaniswa ne- Playboy, noma ngisho nokulandwa kwe-90s-era download. Ngisho nababusi baseRoma abaxegayo, ama-sultans aseTurkey, kanye nezinkanyezi zama-1970s azikaze zibe nawo ama-24/7, ngokuchofoza okukodwa-kokufinyelela kubantu abaningi, abalingani bezocansi abangalazi.
Ukuhlanganiswa komjikelezo wemvelo wangaphambi kokunikezwa komvuzo we-neurochemical exhunywe ekuvuseleleni ezocansi kanye nokuvela kwezinto ezintsha ezingapheli - okuyinto futhi, ezazingeyona into yocansi kuze kube 2006 - kusho ukuthi umsebenzisi manje angagcina amazinga akhe e-dopamine ephakeme kakhulu , futhi isikhathi eside kakhulu, kunokuba sinethemba lokuthi ubuchopho bethu buzophatha ngaphandle komonakalo wangempela futhi ohlala njalo.
Ithiyori ngokuzijwayeza ku-Porn's yanamuhla
Ngakho-ke, lo mbono. Kuthiwani ngomkhuba? Ubufakazi buye banda kancane kancane; njengamanje, singasho ukuthi ubufakazi besayensi bokuthi i-inthanethi engcolile isebenza kubuchopho bethu nje nge-cocaine noma utshwala noma ugwayi, ngenkathi kusanda, inamandla kakhulu.
Ukuvumelana kube kwehle ukuvela ngokwengxenye ngenxa yenkinga ebanzi: Abacwaningi bemlutha ngokwesiko bebenqikaza ukusebenzisa "umlutha" njengeleyibheli lokuziphatha okungazibandakanyi nezinto zamakhemikhali, kuyaqondakala-ke ngoba isiko lethu lokwelapha livame ukubeka izinto eziningi ngaphansi kwelebuli "umlutha." Sonke sisonge sonke amehlo lapho amadoda aqavile aqothulwa yi- #MeToo ngokweqile asola “umlutha wobulili” futhi simemezela inhloso yawo wokubuyela emuva, futhi bekulungile.
Kepha isidingo sethu samasiko sokubeka zonke izinhlobo zokungasebenzi kahle ngaphansi kwelebuli yokulutha ("umlutha wokuthenga"!) Akuyona into efanayo nesayensi yokulutha, futhi inqubekela phambili kumasu wokucabanga kobuchopho iye yalukala esikalini luvumela umbono wokuthi umlutha. yisifo sobuchopho, hhayi isifo samakhemikhali.
A iphepha eliyinqaba le-2016 NguNora D. Volkow, umqondisi weNational Institute on Drug Abuse, noGeorge F. Koob, umqondisi weNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, e- I-New England Journal of Medicine, ibuye yathola imininingwane emisha ye-neuroscience kanye nemininingwane yokuqonda ubuchopho futhi yaphetha ngokuthi isekela "imodeli yesifo sobuchopho." Ukuchazwa kwesayensi kokulutha kuyaguquka kubheke izinto ezithile ezenzeka ngaphakathi kobuchopho okwenza abantu bakhombise izindlela ezithile zokuziphatha, Ngokungafani nokuthi isiguli siboshwe yini endaweni ethile yamakhemikhali.
I-inthanethi engcolile ilingana nale modeli. Kancane kancane, ubufakazi bebugcwele, futhi kubukeka, buqamama manje: izithombe zocansi zenza izinto ezifanayo ebuchosheni bethu njengezinto eziluthayo.
Ucwaningo lwe-2011 kokuhlangenwe nakho kwakho okubikwe ngabantu besilisa abangama-89 kutholakale "ukufana phakathi kwezinqubo zomqondo nobuchopho ezingaba nomthelela ekunakekelweni kwe-cybersex ngokweqile nalabo abachazelwe abantu abanokuthenjwa kwezinto." Ucwaningo lwaseCambridge University lwango-2014 wabuka ubuchopho babantu ngomshini we-MRI; UValerie Voon, umbhali oholayo ocwaningweni, kufingqiwe Ngakho-ke lokho okutholakele: "Kunokwehluka okucacile kokusebenza kobuchopho phakathi kweziguli ezinokuziphatha okucansi okucindezelayo kanye namavolontiya anempilo."
Olunye ucwaningo lweCambridge University Ngawo lowo nyaka, manje ukuqhathanisa izimpendulo zemilutha yezocansi nokuhlolwa kwengqondo nezimpendulo zezifundo ezijwayelekile, kwatholakala ukuthi "amavidiyo abeka obala ezocansi ahambisana nomsebenzi omkhulu kunethiwekhi ye-neural efana naleyo ebonwe ocwaningweni lwezidakamizwa." Cishe lonke ucwaningo lwe-neuroscience kulesi sihloko luthola umphumela ofanayo: ukusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi okuyi-inthanethi kwenza izinto ezifanayo ezingqondweni zethu njengomlutha wezidakamizwa.
Kepha ungathathi izwi lami ngakho. Ososayensi benze ukubukeza okuningi kwalezi zincwadi. Ukubuyekezwa okukodwa kuphela engikwaziyo, kusukela ngonyaka ka-2014, okuphikisana nomqondo wokuluthwa ngezocansi kwe-inthanethi; okuwukuphela kokubuyekezwa okungabukeli izifundo zobuchopho nezengqondo, futhi kuhlanganiswe izifundo kusukela ngaphambi kwesikhathi se-Tube nangemva kwalokho. Okwamanje, isibuyekezo esihle sika-2015 yezincwadi ze-neuroscience eziku-inthanethi ze-inthanethi zithole ukuthi "ucwaningo lwe-neuroscience lwesekela umcabango wokuthi izinqubo ezingaphansi ze-neural (zokulutha ngobulili ezingcolile online) ziyafana nokuluthwa kweziyobisi" nokuthi "umlutha wobulili ezingcolile we-inthanethi ulingana nohlaka lokulutha futhi uhlanganyela nezindlela ezifanayo eziyisisekelo zokulutha kwezidakamizwa. . ” Okunye ukubuyekezwa kuka-2015 uthole ukuthi "Izifundo ze-Neuroimaging zisekela ukucatshangwa kokufana kokuthile okuluthayo phakathi kokulutha kwe-cybersex nezinye izidakamizwa zokuziphatha kanye nokuncika kwezidakamizwa." Ukubuyekeza kwe-2018 bathole into efanayo:
Ucwaningo lwakamuva lwe-neurobiological luveze ukuthi izindlela zokuziphatha zocansi eziphoqayo zihambisana nokuguqulwa okuguquliwe kwezinto zobulili kanye nomehluko esakhiweni sobuchopho nomsebenzi. . . . imininingwane ekhona isikisela ubuthi be-neurobiological abelana ngokuhlangana nabanye okungeziwe njengokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa nokuphazamiseka kokugembula.
NgoJanuwari 2019, iqembu labaphenyi kushicilelwe iphepha uqondise ngqo igama elithi "I-Online Porn Addiction: What We know and What We We-A I-Review ehlelekile" ephetha ngokuthi, “Ngokwazi kwethu, izifundo ezimbalwa zakamuva ziyasekela (ukusetshenziswa okuyinselele kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zobulili online) njengomlutha.” Kunzima ukubiza lokhu noma yini kodwa ubufakazi obuqandayo.
Ucwaningo lwenziwe emazweni amaningi, futhi kusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukahlukene, kusukela ekucabangeni kwe-neuro kuya ocwaningweni kuya ekuhlolweni futhi, kuye ngamazinga ahlukahlukene, bonke basho into efanayo.
Kulungile, ungaphendula, umlutha wezocansi oku-inthanethi kungaba yinto yangempela, kepha ingabe lokho kusho ukuthi kudingeka siphume? Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukubhema ne-heroin kuzokubulala, ukulutha kakhulu i-cannabis kuzoncibilikisa ubuchopho bakho, umlutha wotshwala uzokonakalisa kakhulu empilweni yakho-uma uqhathanisa nalokho, kungaba kubi kangakanani ukuba umlutha we-porn?
Impendulo, kuvela, ukuthi: mubi impela.
Ake siqale ngalokho sonke esikwazi ngokulutha: udinga umuthi wakho owengeziwe ukuze unciphise ukukhahlela; lo ngumjikelezo owenza umlutha ubhubhise kangaka. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi umlutha umane nje uphinda ukujikeleza kobuchopho bethu.
Lapho isikhungo semivuzo yobuchopho bethu sisebenza, sikhipha amakhemikhali asenza sizizwe sihle. Kakhulu dopamine, njengoba sesibonile, futhi neprotein ebizwa nge-DeltaFosB. Umsebenzi wayo ukuqinisa izindlela ze-neural ezihamba nge-dopamine, ukujulisa ukuxhumana kwe-neural phakathi kwe-buzz esiyitholayo noma yini esiyenzayo noma esikuhlangabezana nayo lapho siyithola. I-DeltaFosB ibalulekile ekufundeni amakhono amasha: uma uqhubeka nokuzijwayeza ukuthinta igalofu kuze kube yilapho uyilungisa kahle, uzizwa ujabule kakhulu — lokho kuyidokhethi—, ngenkathi ukukhishwa okuhambisana nakho kweDeltaFosB kusiza ubuchopho bakho ukukhumbula ukwenza futhi. Kuhlelo oluhlakaniphe kakhulu.
Kepha iDeltaFosB nayo inesibopho sokwenza umlutha ube khona. Izidakamizwa eziluthayo zisebenza ngamaseli ezinzwa afanayo asebenze ngesikhathi sokuvuselela ucansi, yingakho sithola ubumnandi kuzo. Kepha siba umlutha kubo lapho i-DeltaFosB, empeleni, ihlelise kabusha uhlelo lomvuzo wobuchopho bethu, ebibhalelwe ekuqaleni ukusenza sifune ukuya ocansini (nokudla), ukuyenza ifune lelo khemikhali. Kungalesi sizathu-ke ukuthi umlutha unamandla amakhulu: isifiso somlutha siyisifiso esinamandla kakhulu sokuziphendukela kwemvelo, esiqashiwe. Futhi njengoba izithombe zocansi eziku-inthanethi ziyisisusa sobulili ekucaleni, sonke sinqunyelwe, futhi kuthatha kancane ukuba kabusha kokusebenzisa ukuze kubangele umlutha.
Njengoba sizobona, lesi sici se-neurobiological sobuchopho bethu sinemiphumela efinyelela kude ngomthelela umlutha we-porn onawo kithi: ebulilini bethu, ebudlelwaneni bethu, nakulomphakathi uwonke.
Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zibulala Isifiso Sobulili Bangempela
I-porn isikhuthazo sobulili, kepha akusona ubulili. Ngokuphawulekile, imilutha ye-heroin igcina ingasenandaba nokuya ocansini: lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ubuhlakani babo buvuselelwa ukuze uhlelo lwabo lomvuzo wobulili luhlelwe kabusha ukuze ifune i-heroin kunokwenza ucansi. Ngendlela efanayo, njengoba sisebenzisa ama-porn amaningi futhi amaningi, okumele sibe nawo njengoba similutha futhi sidinga okuningi ukuthola ukukhahlela okufanayo, ingqondo yethu iyavuselelwa ukuze lokho okubangela uhlelo lomvuzo okufanele luxhunyaniswe ngocansi. ayisaxhunyaniswa ngocansi — kumuntu osenyameni, ukuthinta, ukuqabula, ukucindezela — kodwa ngocansi.
Kungakho sifaka isimanga okuyinto, ngokungcono kakhulu njengoba umuntu angatshela, kuyinto engakaze ibonwe emlandweni wesintu: ubhubhane lwesifo sokungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile dysfunction (ED) phakathi kwamadoda angaphansi kweminyaka engama-40. Ubufakazi buphazamisa umhlaba: selokhu iKinsey bika ngawo-1940s, ucwaningo luthole cishe inani elifanayo, amanani azinzileyo we-ED engapheli: ngaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-1 emadodeni angaphansi kweminyaka engama-30, ngaphansi kwamaphesenti amathathu emadodeni aneminyaka yobudala engama-3-30.
Mayelana nalokhu kubhalwa, okungenani izifundo eziyishumi ezishicilelwe kusukela ngo-2010 zibika ukwenyuka okukhulu kwe-ED. Amanani we-ED phakathi kwamadoda angaphansi kweminyaka engama-40 aqala ukusuka kumaphesenti ayi-14 aya kumaphesenti angama-37, kanti amazinga entengo ephansi ye-libido esuka kumaphesenti ayi-16 aya kumaphesenti angama-37. Akukho kuhluka okuhlobene ne-ED yentsha okushintshile ngokunengqondo kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ngaphandle kokukodwa: ukufika kwe-video ye-porn efunwa ngo-2006. Kuyafuneka ukuphinda: Sisuka ngaphansi kwephesenti elilodwa lokungasebenzi kwe-erectile emadodeni asezingeni eliphakathi kwamaphesenti ayi-1 kuye kwangama-14, ukukhuphuka kwemiyalo eminingana yobukhulu.
Izinkundla eziku-inthanethi zigcwele imibiko ekhathazekile evela ezinsizweni mayelana ne-ED. Indaba ekhathazayo ivame kakhulu ngokomqondo: insizwa inolwazi lwayo lokuqala ngocansi; intombi yakhe izimisele, iyamthanda noma okungenani iyakhangwa kuye, kodwa izithola imane nje ingenakukwazi ukuqhubekisela phambili ukwakheka (yize ikwazi kahle ukuligcina elilodwa uma ibuka i-porn). Abaningi abaningi babika uhlobo oluphansi lwenkinga efanayo: ngesikhathi sokuya ocansini nentombi yabo, kumele babone ngamehlo engqondo amabhayisikobho ezingcolile emakhanda abo ukuxhasa ukwakheka kwabo. Abacabangi ngokuthile abakuthandayo ngaphezulu: bafuna ukuba khona, bafuna ukuvuswa iphunga lowesifazane wangempela nokuthinta. Baqonda kahle kahle ukuthi akunangqondo kanjani ukukhangwa yilowo obambele esikhundleni sento yangempela, futhi kuyabakhathaza. Abanye kumele bafake izithombe ezingcolile ngemuva ngemuva ukuze bakwazi ukuya ocansini nezintombi zabo (futhi, ngokumangalisa, izintombi ziyavuma lokhu).
UFred Wilson, ongusodolobha oyisikhulu esiqala ukusebenza kwi-inthanethi futhi ongumholi wokucabanga, ephawula ngokungenakuphikwa kwabomdabu bedijithali ngobuchwepheshe obusha, wake wakhipha amazwi wokuthi kunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela zabantu: labo abaqale ukungena ku-inthanethi ngemuva kokulahlekelwa ubuntombi babo, kanye nalabo ngiyitholile ngaphambili. Umndeni wami uthole i-inthanethi ekugcineni '90s lapho ngangineminyaka eyishumi nambili, futhi ngakho-ke ngisesigabeni sakamuva, kepha nokho ngizizwa njengoMkhulu uSimpson lapho ngifunda lobu bufakazi futhi ngiqhathanisa nokwami okuhlangenwe nakho kwezocansi kwasekuqaleni (okwakukhona, ngiyakuthembisa, okungenakuqhathaniswa). Bese futhi, emuva osukwini lwami, izimoto zathola izinduku ezingama-40 kuye okhalweni, futhi izithombe zocansi eziku-inthanethi zasho imisethi engapheli yezikhombisi zemibhalo kanye nezinjini zokusesha eziphukile ezixhumene nabantu abafile, izithombe ezingena kancane, iziqeshana zamavidiyo amafushane okufanele uzinikeze ”- Hhayi izingosi ze-Tube ezinevidiyo engenamkhawulo, esheshayo, yokusakazwa, ephezulu kakhulu, i-24/7, ephaketheni lakho, mahhala, eqhutshwa ama-algorithms anamandla aklanywe ososayensi bedatha ukukhulisa ukubandakanyeka kwabasebenzisi.
Cabanga nje ukuthi sathola ukuthi amanye amabhaktheriya abangela ukuthi i-ED igxume isuka kumaphesenti angu-1 iye kumaphesenti ayi-14 kuya kwangama-37 — kuzoba nokuthuthumela kuzwelonke, amanethiwekhi ezindaba ezethelevishini azohamba ngodonga, iCongress ibizoba nezingxoxo nsuku zonke, zombuso kanye nezezinyunyana. Abashushisi bazobe bezingela abenzi bokubi ukuze benze uphenyo lukaMueller nolwakwaStar lubukeke njengenhlolovo yokweneliseka kwamakhasimende e-Amazon. Ngokubambisana, singabheka ngokungathi sína kakhulu ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi noma yini engenza into efana nalena ibe nemiphumela emibi empilweni yabantu nasempilweni yeningi.
Ngonyaka odlule, isihloko in I-Atlantic waya egazini ngemuva kokumisa “ukwehla kobulili” kubantu abasha. Intsha imane yenze ucansi oluncane noluphansi. Umlobi, uKate Julian, uphawule ukuthi le nto ayenzeki e-United States kuphela kepha igcwele ezweni lonke laseNtshonalanga — ungqongqoshe wezempilo waseSweden ubize amazinga abo okuya ocansini (yize iSweden ilala nobulili obuncane!) "Inkinga ngoba" kwezepolitiki, "ngokwengxenye ngoba ifaka engcupheni umthelela ongemuhle ekuzaleni kwezwe.
UJulian uphinde waveza ukuthi iJapan ibingumbanduleli, ingena ekwehliseni ubulili bayo phambilini - nokuthi futhi “iphakathi kwabakhiqizi abaphambili nabathengi bezithombe ezingcolile, nomsunguli wazo zonke izinhlobo ezintsha ze-porn” kanye “nomholi emhlabeni jikelele ekwakheni onodoli abasekupheleni kobulili. ”Esikweletini sakhe, wabheka i-porn njengembangela yokukhuluphala kwezocansi, yize kungekho noyedwa umbono ophindaphindayo owalandelayo engxenyeni engingayikhumbula ukuthi ifundwe exoxa ngaleli cala.
Manje, umuntu onqabile njengami angacabanga ukuthi abantu abasha ababa nobucansi obuncane kungenzeka ukuthi akuyona into embi kangako! Futhi kuyiqiniso ukuthi esikhathini esifanayo, ama-pathologies anjengokukhulelwa kwentsha nama-STD wentsha anciphile. Ngaphandle kokuthi noma ngabe yini imbangela, ngicabanga ukuthi singavimbela ngokuphepha imvuselelo yenkolo noma ukuphakanyiswa okungazelelwe kwamanani endabuko. Noma yini esingayikholelwa amadoda kufanele do mayelana nezifiso zabo zocansi, uma izinsizwa ezinempilo zingenazo izinkanuko zobulili kube bonke ngamanani amakhulu, angakaze abonwe, lokho empeleni kuwuphawu lokuthile okungahambi kahle ngempilo yabo.
Ukugoqa uBrain
Mhlawumbe abantu abasha abayenzi ucansi ngoba amadoda awakwazi ukukuvusa. Noma mhlawumbe kungenxa yokuthi abesifazane abafuni ukuya ocansini nalabo bantu abangakwazi ukukwenza, kepha ubuchopho babo buhlanekezelwe ngocansi.
Ngoba i-porn ilwa nengqondo. Indlela eyisisekelo yokwenza umlutha we-porn, uzokhumbula, ukuthi uma sibuka i-porn, sithola i-jolt ye-dopamine, futhi lapho senza, sithola umthamo wokulandela we-DeltaFosB ovuselela ingqondo yethu ukuxhumanisa isifiso sobulili ne-porn -Kodwa hhayi kunoma iyiphi i-porn. Kuma-porn esiwabukayo.
Khumbula Umphumela Wokupholisa: into ebangela ukuzamazama okugcwele kwe-dopamine futhi yenze i-inthanethi engcolile ibe “yi-superstimulus” ephula ubuchopho bethu, ngokungafani noMalume Ted Playboy ukuqoqwa, kuyinto entsha.
Njengakho konke ukulutha, i-inthanethi engcolile inembuyiselo eyehlayo. Sidinga okuningi. Sidinga new. Futhi indlela elula yokuthola - ikakhulukazi kumasayithi we-Tube, okuthi, njenge-YouTube neNetflix, "ngokusiza" anikeze iziphakamiso kuzozonke ividiyo ozibukayo, ezikhiqizwe ngama-algorithms ahlelwe ukugcina ababukeli begxiliwe futhi bebuya — izinhlobo ezintsha. Ukuchofoza nje. Futhi kuningi okungapheli.
Ngo-2014, abacwaningi eMax Planck Institute basebenzise i-fMRI ukubheka ubuchopho babasebenzisi be-porn. Batholile ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okwengeziwe kwe-porn kuhlobene ne-grey engatheni ohlelweni lwemivuzo, kanye nokusebenza okuncane komjikelezo ngenkathi kubukwa izithombe zocansi — ngamanye amazwi, abasebenzisi bo-porn babedelelwa. "Ngakho-ke sicabanga ukuthi izifundo ezinokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zidinga ukukhuthazeka okuqinile ukuze zifinyelele ezingeni lomvuzo elifanayo," ababhali babhali.
Esinye isifundo, kulokhu kusuka eCambridge University ngonyaka ka-2015, futhi basebenzise i-fMRI, kulokhu ukuqhathanisa ubuchopho bezidakamizwa zocansi neziguli ezinempilo. Njengoba kuhambisana isitatimende sephephandaba ukubeka, abacwaningi bathola ukuthi "lapho imilutha yezocansi ibheka isithombe esifanayo sobulili njalo, uma kuqhathaniswa namavolontiya anempilo athole ukwehla okukhulu kwesimo sobuchopho esaziwa ngokuthi yi-dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, eyaziwa ukuthi ibandakanyeka ukulindela imivuzo nokuphendula emicimbini emisha. Lokhu kuyahambisana 'nendawo yokuhlala, lapho umlutha wakhe evusa umfutho ofanayo futhi ungazuzisi kangako. ”
Kodwa akuyona imilutha yezocansi kuphela ekhombisa lokhu kuziphatha. Lapho iziguli ezinempilo ziphindaphindwe zikhonjiswa ividiyo efanayo yezocansi, zaqala zancipha; kodwa, "uma sebebuka ividiyo entsha, izinga lokuthakazelisa liphinde libuyele ezingeni lasekuqaleni." Ngamanye amagama, akuthathi okuningi ukuthi inqubo yokulutha ingene, ngoba sesivele sichaziwe ngofuzo. ukufuna ukukhuthaza ubulili.
Iphuzu eliyinhloko ukuthi lesi sifo asisenzi sifise kakhulu, kusenza sifise Intsha. Futhi hlobo luni lwento entsha, ngokuqondile? Ngamandla, akuyona nje iyiphi uhlobo lwenoveli. Ekusebenziseni, yini ebanga kakhulu i-Coolidge Effect ukuthi yini ekhiqiza ukumangala, noma ukushaqeka. Ngamanye amagama, njengamanzi ehla ehla, sidonswa ebulilini eliya ngokuya lisiba ngandlela-thile, elinobudlova futhi lihlazisa ngokwengeziwe.
IDrayivu Ebethusayo Ye-Porn
Muva nje, usomahlaya uRyan Creamer ube umuzwa we-inthanethi oyigciwane ngemuva kokubona ukuthi usungule isiteshi ku-PornHub, isiza esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni "i-YouTube for porn", lapho athumele khona, njengoba I-Buzzfeed ichaze kahle, "Amavidiyo akhayo futhi akhulisayo." Amavidiyo ka-Creamer's G-rated afaka ama-porn movie ama-online, amfaka esimweni esihle kakhulu seNed Flanders, enezihloko ezinjengokuthi "Ngikufisile futhi Ngathi Ngibe Nesikhathi Esihle Kakhulu Namuhla" nokuthi "POV FOREHEAD UKUFANELEKA KISS ”(" POV "imele" umbono, "noma amavidiyo ahlelwe ngokombono womuntu wokuqala; ukuhlanganiswa kuyindlela ekhulayo ye-inthanethi yezocansi, elinye iphuzu ledatha ukukhombisa indawo ebanzi: ngisho nevidiyo entsha ayinayo ukuqaphela okwanele, sidinga ama-montages asheshayo).
Akekho kumhlaziyi owaveza lokhu okushiwo ngokusobala: isithukuthezi sakhe sabamba umcabango wabantu ngokunembile ngoba cishe yonke i-PornHub — okufunwa ama-algorithms ayazi ababukeli bayo ayifuni-akuyona nje ezocansi ngomqondo ongathandeki, kodwa imbi, iyamangaza futhi iyazehlisa.
Enye yamavidiyo kaCreamer enesihloko esithi "Mina, Umfowethu Wesinyathelo Sakho, Hlisa Inqubekela phambili Yakho Kepha Ngishintshiwe Kodwa"; ngonyaka odlule, Esquire kubika) ukuthi "ukulala nomuntu oyisitabane kuyindlela ekhula ngokushesha kakhulu ye-porn." (Iziza ze-Tube zivimbela kakhulu amavidiyo abhekisele kwisigcwagcwa, kepha asigcwele amavidiyo ane- “stepdads” ne- “stepmoms” and “half-brothers”) wonke umuntu aqonde ukuthi asho “Obaba,” “omama,” kanye “nabafowethu.”)
Olunye uhlobo oludumayo olukhulayo lubizwa nge- porn "lwangaphakathi", olucishe luqonde uhlobo oluthile lwenhlangano yezizwe: abesilisa abamnyama nabesifazane abamhlophe. Uhlobo alusekelwa ekuqhekekeni okubi kakhulu kobuhlanga kanye nezithombe. Futhi i-porn yezilimi ezihlukile bekungagcini nje ngokuthandwa kakhulu, futhi kunciphisa abesifazane, kepha kunobuhlanga obuningi. Njengababhali abasebenza ngokungathandeki abaphikisana noTrump ngonyaka we-2016 betholile emiqondweni yabo ye-Twitter, uhlobo olusanda kudumile "luyimfihlo," okubandakanya owesilisa omhlophe ebuka umkakhe noma intombi yakhe beya ocansini nomuntu omnyama (noma abaningana). Lapho izikhungo zemithombo yezindaba ezijwayelekile qaphela isimanga, kuthathwa njengobufakazi bobuhlanga obukhulu baseMelika. Akungabazeki ukuthi izimilo zobuzwe ezingcwatshwe kufanele zibambe iqhaza, kepha ake ubheke umkhuba; uma ubuhlanga obufihliwe buyimbangela eyinhloko, kungani kufanele i-porn ngokobuhlanga ivele iqhume ngokuthandwa ngenkathi ucwaningo oluningi lusho Izindlela zokucabanga ngokobuhlanga zigcina zibambe noma zithuthuka kancane? Uma ukhumbula ukuthandwa okungazelelwe kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, i-hypothesis yokuthi kusakazeka kabanzi ngenxa yokulutha okubangela ukukhuphuka kuba nengqondo ethe xaxa.
Kuhle ukuhlaba ikhefu ukuqaphela ukuxhumana okuqhutshwa ukwenqatshwa phakathi kwalokho esikhuluma ngakho nalokho sonke esikwaziyo ukuthi kuyenzeka. Ngasekuqaleni konyaka, izwe langena ethubeni lokuziphatha lapho kutholakala ukuthi umbusi waseVirginia wayekade egqoke umbala omnyama njengengxenye yezingubo zomfundi ofundela ubudokotela; Okwamanje, kunohlobo oluthile lokuzijabulisa oludumile futhi olukhula ngokushesha olwenza i-minstrel show ibukeke njengengqungquthela yokuzwa kobuhlanga, futhi cishe akukho muntu okhuluma ngakho.
Ukwesabeka yikho okubangela i-Coolidge Effect, futhi ukuphulwa kwe-taboo kushaqise, ngokwencazelo; kuyimpendulo yasePavlovian ukushaqeka nokumangala kusuka ohlelweni lwethu lomvuzo olunjengokulinganisa. Ukube besinokuhlangana okujulile komphakathi ngokumelene namatafula e-humping, i-porn-humping porn ngokuzuma ibizoqhuma ngokuthandwa. Esikhundleni salokho, sinemikhuba ejulile yomphakathi yokulwa nobunqunu, ukucwasana. . . nodlame olubhekiswe kwabesifazane.
Ukuqinisa Ophakeme
I-Kink dot com ingenye yemikhiqizo ephezulu ku-porn. Ubungcweti besitudiyo bungama-fetlings amaningi ahlobene BDSM. Umkhondo wayo uyatshela. Indawo leyo yasungulwa yonke indlela emuva ngeminyaka yobumnyama be-intanethi, ngonyaka we-1997. ISado-masochism njengengqamuzana locansi indala kakhulu njengendoda, kunjalo-ke imbongi yaseRoma yekhulu lesibili uJuvenal iyayihlekisa encwadini yayo Amasheya, Ngokwesibonelo. Kepha, okungcono kakhulu njengoba singatshela, njengokunqotshwa okuningi kunikeze ikhwelo elincane elincane kuwo wonke umlando wesintu. Futhi ngokweqiniso, uKink usebenzise ingxenye engcono yeminyaka yakhe eyishumi yokuba khona lapho ethambisa ngaphandle ngokubukwa, ibhizinisi elincane elaziwayo elisebenzela i-niche yalo.
Lapho-ke, esikhathini esithile maphakathi no-2000 sekwephuzile, isiza saqhuma ngokudumile, saze saba seduze kwento yesiko njengoba isiza se-porn singaba. Ungalandela ukukhula kwalo ngokuzumayo ngokuthandwa — kanye nokukhanga okujwayelekile. Ngo-2007, i New York Times Imagazini yazisa inkampani. Ngo-2009, ithole indondo yayo yokuqala yezimboni zabantu abadala. Ngo-2013, umlingisi waseHollywood, uJames Franco, wakhiqiza amaphepha mayelana nenkampani.
Ngawo lowo nyaka, umbhali u-Emily Witt wabhala ende, nokuzindla indzaba yomuntu wokuqala kumagazini oqhubeka ngokuqonda n + 1 kwezocansi zesimanje. Ngombiko wakhe, phakathi kokunye, uye emcabangweni we- “Disgraceace,” enye yeziteshi zikaKink, njengoba isitatimende sawo sithinta, "abesifazane baboshwe, bahlubuke, futhi bajeziswe esidlangalaleni." Lokhu kuqoshwa kwenziwa ezindaweni zomphakathi. njengemigoqo noma izitolo inkampani ekhokhelwa lo mcimbi, nabantu abangabazi abahlala emgwaqweni bayamenywa ukuthi bazenze ezocansi kumlingisi “oboshwe, oklewe”
I-Kink inwebile futhi yanwebeka ukuze ifane nempumelelo yayo engazelelwe, isuka eziteshini ezimbalwa iye, njengokubhaliwe, i-78, futhi ithola uhlu lwamakhophi (amaningi ngokwedlulele ngokwengeziwe, ngokwemvelo). Ngenkathi izinto zenkampani i-PR ziziqhayisa ngobuhlakani besifazane, ukuzilinganisa, ukubuka amandla kwezocansi, cishe konke okuqukethwe okungokoqobo kukhombisa abesilisa behlisa isithunzi sabesifazane kunenye indlela ezungeze.
Ukukhuphuka kukaKink kusuka e-niche kuya emarquee kwenzeka nje ukuthi kuhambisane nokufika kwezindawo ze-Tube ngonyaka we-2006, ezisebenza ngendlela ekhethekile ekuqhumiseni i-Coolidge Effect nasekuguquleni imilutha ye-porn ibe yimishini efuna izinto ezingasho lutho. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi, ngenkathi okuheha lokho ongase ukubize ngokuthi “ukukhanya kink” —ukupinki okupinki okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, isifihlo esimboze umbhejane, lolu hlobo lwento — belulokhu luhambahamba emasikweni ethu athandwayo amashumi eminyaka, ngakhoke inguqulo ethile lokhu bekulokhu kuyingxenye yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zobudala, uKink ngumbhalo wangempela. Akukona ukwenza nje kuphela. Abesifazane bayalukwa futhi bashaywe kuze kube yilapho bequnjazwa futhi bomvu. Hhayi nje kuphela ukuthi ucansi luyaziphatha ngokwedlulele (uliqambe igama, likhona), kepha izigcawu zibhalwe ngokuzungeza kwengqondo futhi kungokomfanekiso, hhayi nje ngokomzimba, ukonakaliswa kowesifazane. Ama-Shades amahlanu angamaGrey Kink njengoba movie Hitchcock ifilimu snuff.
Lapho amafilimu enenkundla yezindaba, imvamisa angafushaniswa ngegama elilodwa: ukudlwengula. Noma amagama amabili: ukudlwengula ngesihluku. Kuyinto eyodwa ukuvuswa isehlakalo sadomasochistic lapho sub (njengoba ithemu lobuciko iya) kuboniswa ngokusobala ukujabulela ukwelashwa; kungenye into engenziwa ukuvuswa ukubukela owesifazane ekhala kabuhlungu futhi ephelelwe yithemba njengoba ebanjwa phansi futhi edlwengulwa ngonya.
Uchungechunge oluthile lwamavidiyo weKink lususelwa kumqondo olandelayo: i-pornstar iyodwa egumbini elinamadoda ambalwa; umqondisi uyamchazela (futhi sibukele) lokho if angaphuma egumbini, athole imali; engxenyeni ngayinye yezingubo asambatha ekugcineni kwesehlakalo, uthola ukheshi; esenzweni ngasinye kwezocansi omunye wabesilisa asenza kuye, uthola ukheshi alahlekelwe yimali. Umuntu kufanele abanikeze uhlobo lobuqili lobuqili: kuyabavumela ukuthi bakhiphe umdlwenguli wangempela onodlame ngokungazitholi kwezomthetho. Umfazi ngempela ukumelana; amadoda ngempela bamphoqa ngesihluku. Impela, “wavuma” kukho konke, okuthi, ngandlela thile, kusemthethweni.
I-Kink iyisibonelo esivezayo ngoba igxila kakhulu ekuwohlokeni, futhi ngokungazelelwe, ngokungenakuphikiswa, igxuma ubusuku bonke isuka endaweni eyaziwa kakhulu ye-niche iye komunye wemikhiqizo edumile yemidiya yanoma yiluphi uhlobo emhlabeni, ngemuva nje kokuthi izingosi ze-Tube zivele. Kepha into esemqoka ukuthi cishe konke Izithombe zocansi, kubandakanya "izinto ze-vanilla", zikhule ngokwedlulele, futhi zinodlame kakhulu, futhi zenza kabi kabi abesifazane futhi zenza kabi abesifazane. O, izithombe ezingcolile ezingezona ezikhona zisekhona, uma ungazithola. Okwakuvame ukusatshalaliswa manje sekuyi-niche, kanti okuphambene nalokho.
Ngifuna ukukuvula ngokucophelela lokhu ukuze engikushoyo kungaqondakali. Kunanoma yiziphi izizathu, imicabango yabesilisa ezungeze ukubekelwa phansi kwabesifazane, amandla, ukuphoqa, nokubuswa, mdala njengempilo uqobo lwayo (njengoba impela injalo imibono yabesifazane kulezi zingqikithi). Izinhlobo zezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, kanye namaphupho ezocansi ebanzi, okwenzeka ezindaweni ezimpunga, ngisho nasezindaweni ezimpunga ezimnyama, zokuvuma kwabesifazane ukuya ocansini, bebelokhu bezungeza futhi bebelokhu bethandwa njalo. Ngakho-ke kulinga ukubheka okuthile okufana noKink, kanye nokunyuka okuvamile kwe-porn elulazayo, njengokunye nje ukubonakaliswa kwalokhu kuveza ubudala, hhayi into entsha. Kepha lokhu akulona iqiniso.
Ngokomlando, imicabango yokuya ocansini ebandakanya isilinganiso esithile sokuphoqwa kungenzeka ivuse amadoda amaningi, kepha lawo madoda ayenengekile ngokudlwengulwa okunobudlova nokuhlukumezeka ngesihluku. Iphuzu akufanele 'livikele' okwangaphambili noma ukwenqabele ukuthi bamelela okuthile okumnyama nokusolisayo kumuntu — empeleni bakwenza. Iphuzu ukumane ukusho lokho kukhona okushintshile, ngokungathi sína, ngokumangazayo, futhi kubukeka sengathi kusebusuku.
Sitshelwa ukuthi izinto zabantu zokuya ocansini zilukhuni kusukela bezalwa noma mhlawumbe kusuka kokuhlangenwe nakho kwasebuntwaneni, kodwa isayensi ithi ingashintsha futhi iyashintsha. In isivivinyo esidumile, abacwaningi bafafaza amagundane abesifazane — yebo, amagundane futhi ngephunga lesidumbu esifile, amagundane abaleka ngaso, futhi aletha amagundane angamaduna. Amagundana amaduna ahambisana nabesifazane noma kunjalo — kuze kube manje, anezilwane ezincelile. Kepha, ngonya, lapho lawo magundane lawo wesilisa kamuva efakwa ekhejini ngamathoyizi ahlukahlukene, akhetha ukudlala nalawo anuka kamnandi njengokufa. Ukugqugquzela ezocansi kubuye kwavuselela uhlelo lwabo lomvuzo. In inhlolovo yesayensi yabasebenzisi abasebenzisa i-inthanethi kuyi-Internet eBelgium, abangamaphesenti angama-49 “okukhulunywa ngabo kwesinye isikhathi ngezinye izikhathi bafuna okuqukethwe ezocansi noma ababandakanyeka [ezenzweni zocansi eziku-inthanethi] ezazingathandeki kubo ngaphambili noma ababheka njengezinengiso.”
Uma usumlutha we-porn online, into enikeza i-dopamine jolt enkulu kunazo zonke noma yini eyethusa kakhulu. Futhi umjikelezo wemivuzo usho ukuthi udinga ukukhushulwa kwe-dopamine enkulu ngaso sonke isikhathi — okuthile okusha, okushaqisayo. Futhi isikhathi ngasinye, iDeltaFosB iphinda ubuyekeze ubuchopho bakho, idale futhi iqinise indlela yasePavlovian lapho okhangwa yilezo zithombe ezishaqisayo, futhi lapho ususa ukubhala kabusha imigudu ye-neural exhumanisa ubulili obujwayelekile — uyazi, ungavimbi, awusona isimangalo — kuya isikhungo somvuzo.
Ngonya, lokhu kubhuqa ukulandisa okukhona ngokuthinta kwe-porn ubulili bethu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuphela kwenkinga yezithombe ezingcolile eziphambukayo ababukeli bacabanga ukuthi “kuyinto ejwayelekile,” futhi-ke, inqobo nje uma befundile ukuthi akuyona, bangakwazi ukujabulela iphupho labo ngaphandle kokuzilimaza bona noma abalingani babo. Kungaba ngcono ukube bekunjalo, kepha ubufakazi bukhombisa ukuthi lokhu kufile akulungile. Izidakwa aziziphuthi ethuneni lakuqala ngoba ngandlela thile azangewaziwa amaqiniso anele ngobungozi bokunatha — impela, bazi kahle kakhulu, futhi ihlazo elibangelwa yilokhu liyimbangela yokuxakwa okuthe xaxa.
I-Porn isebenza ngezinga elifanayo eliyisisekelo, izinga lesikhungo sethu semivuzo esiphakeme kakhulu, esilinganayo, ingxenye yobuchopho bethu ehlonishwe ngezigidi zeminyaka yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ukuze sibe yisithombo sesifiso sethu esinamandla kakhulu. I-porn ayiguquki esikucabangayo, okungenani hhayi ngokuqondile, iyakushintsha lokho thina fisa.
Ukushintsha Esikufisayo
Ngo-2007, abacwaningi ababili bazama ukwenza ucwaningo, ekuqaleni olungahlobene ne-porn, bafunda ukuvuswa kocansi kubantu besilisa bebonke. Bazama ukwenza into ebabazekayo kulezi zifundo ngokubabonisa i-video ye-porn, kepha bagijimela enkingeni (kubo) yenkinga ethusayo: uhhafu wamadoda, abeneminyaka yobudala engama-29 ngokwesilinganiso, awakwazanga ukuvuswa. Abaphenyi ababethukile bagcina sebeyikhombile le nkinga: bebebabukisa nge-porn esezindala-kucatshangelwa ukuthi abacwaningi babesegugile futhi bengatheni nge-inthanethi kunabaphansi kwabo.
"Izingxoxo kanye nezihloko ziqinise umbono wethu wokuthi kwezinye zazo ukuvezwa okuphezulu kwe-erotica kubukeka sengathi kuholele ekuphenduleni okuphansi ku-erotica ye-'vanilla sex 'kanye nesidingo esikhulayo sokwenza izinto ezintsha nokuhluka, kwezinye izimo kuhlangene nesidingo sokwanda kakhulu izinhlobo ezithile zokukhuthaza ukuze bavuswe, ” babhala.
Kuyamangaza ukuthi i-porn ingathinta nokuthanda kwethu ucansi. Ucwaningo lwe-2016 uthole ukuthi "amadoda amaningi abheka okuqukethwe okucacile kocansi (SEM) okungahambisani nobunikazi bawo bobulili obuchaziwe. Kwakungejwayelekile ukuthi amadoda akhonjwe abesilisa abathandana nabobulili obuhlukile abike ukubukwa kwe-SEM okuqukethe isimilo sabesilisa besifazane (amaphesenti angama-20.7) kanye nabesilisa abakhonjwe abesilisa abathandana nobulili obufanayo ukubika ukuziphatha kobungqingili ku-SEM (amaphesenti angama-55.0). "Okwamanje, kuyo "Ukubuyekezwa konyaka ka-2018," I-PornHub iveze ukuthi "intshisekelo ku 'trans' (aka transgender) porn yabona ukuzuza okukhulu ngonyaka we-2018, ikakhulukazi ngokwanda okungamaphesenti angama-167 okuseshwa kwabesilisa kanye namaphesenti angaphezu kwama-200 nezivakashi ezineminyaka yobudala engama-45 (iba amagama wesihlanu afunwa kakhulu ngabaneminyaka yobudala engama-45 kuye kwengama-64). "
Lapho le ndaba ixoxwa nhlobo, ukulandisa okukhona wukuthi la madoda acindezelwa futhi athola inkambiso yawo “yangempela” nge-porn-ngaphandle kokuthi amadoda abika ukuthi lokho okukhangayo kuyahamba uma eyeka i-inthanethi ye-inthanethi.
Lokhu kuyamangaza. Iphuzu ukungazami ukuqala kokwethuka kokuziphatha mayelana ne-intanethi kujikisa amadoda izitabane-Iqiniso ukuthi hhayi kuziguqula izitabane.
Kepha mhlawumbe kuphenduka okungenani amadoda athile kwenye into. U-Andrea Long Chu igama lomlobi wase-American transgender, obhala ngobuqotho obuthandekayo ngokuguqulwa kobulili kanye nesipiliyoni sakhe. Isibonelo, uChu wabopha ukugxekwa okuvela kwizishoshovu ngokubhala in a New York Times Indaba mayelana nokuxhumana phakathi kokushintshwa kwakhe ngokobulili kanye nokudangala okungamahlalakhona, nokuphika ukuthi ukusebenza kwenguquko yakhe kuzomjabulisa. In iphepha engqungqutheleni yezemfundo eColumbia, uChu wabuza: "Ngabe i-porn sissy ingenze ngadlula?" I-Sissy porn luhlobo-futhi, futhi olucashile kakhulu futhi olungenakuchazwa, lukhula ngokuzumayo lube yinto enkulu-lapho abesilisa abagqoke njengabesifazane benza ubulili nabesilisa e- ngokuzithoba, izindima zabesifazane. I-Sissy porn ihlobene kakhulu nohlobo olwaziwa ngokuthi “ubufazi obaphoqelelwa,” okuyinto enhle kakhulu nje ukuthi izwakala kanjani. In incwadi yakamuva, UChu uphendula umbuzo wakhe: “Yebo.”
Akukacaci-kungaziwa, mhlawumbe — ukuthi amava kaChu ahlangana kangakanani nezinga lezinto eziguqukayo ezenzeka ocansini, kepha noma ngabe isibonelo sakhe siyi-adecdotal, kufanele sisebenze ekugcizeleleni iphuzu: i-porn iphinda iphindisele ubuchopho bethu ezingeni eliyisisekelo futhi ishintsha lokho sifisa. Futhi lokho kufanele kusethuse noma ngabe yini esiyikholelwayo ngezinkinga ze-transgender.
I-Porn Futhi Iyathinta Ubudlelwano
Ake sime futhi sibuyekeze: sithole ukuthi i-porn yanamuhla ingumlutha wezomzimba njengomuthi onzima, nokuthi lokhu kumlutha kunomthelela obhebhethekayo futhi owesabekayo kwezocansi, kusuka kumazinga okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili kokungasebenzi kwe-erectile kuya ekudumeni okukhulayo kokuthandwa ngokweqile iqala ukubuyisa (ngokunamandla) “ukwehla kobulili.” Kubi impela.
Kepha, ukudlala ummeli kaSathane, kuyiqiniso ngempela ukuthi kubi?
Ukuluthwa utshwala noma umlutha we-heroin, angithi, ngeke kumane nje kulimaze ubulili bomuntu — abayovuma — kepha impilo yabo yonke kanye neyabantu ababazungezile. Ngokuqondile nangokungaqondile, banesibopho sokufa okungenakubalwa minyaka yonke. Kuzwakala sengathi kufanele sikhathazeke nge-porn, nakanjani, kepha kufanele yini ngempela siyishaye inkininki yokwesaba?
Impendulo eyodwa yokuthi umlutha we-porn uthinta izimpilo zethu ngaphezu kokwenza ucansi kuphela. Lokhu kwenza kube nemqondo enengqondo ngoba phela, ucansi luthinta zonke izimpilo zethu.
Okokuqala, izithombe zocansi zithinta imibono yabesifazane abayimilutha. Umqondo wokuthi i-porn "uyiphupho nje" -ukubuka izithombe ezingcolile zehlisa isithunzi akumenzi umuntu abe nezimpawu zokuziphatha okubi noma zocansi njengoba nje ukubukela i-movie kaJason Bourne kusho ukuthi kungenzeka uqale ngokushaya futhi udubule abantu - kungenzeka noma kungenzeka ukuthi akulona iqiniso ku Playboy inkathi, kepha akulona iqiniso manje.
A 2015 Ukubuyekeza incwadi ubuke izifundo ezingama-22 ezivela emazweni ayisikhombisa ahlukene futhi uthole ukuxhumana phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nolaka lwezocansi.
An ukubuyekeza kwezemfundo ocwaningweni olungaphansi kwe-135 olwenziwe ngontanga luthola "ubufakazi obungaguquguquki" obuxhumanisa umlutha wezocansi okuku-inthanethi, phakathi kokunye, "ukusekelwa okukhulu kwezinkolelo zobulili," "izinkolelo zobulili zabaphikisi," "ukubekezelela okukhulu kobudlova bezocansi kwabesifazane," kanye “nombono onciphile wekhono labesifazane, isimilo, nobuntu.”
Ukuze uphinde: umbono onciphile wabesifazane. . . isimilo, nobuntu. Senzeni?
Ngokunikwa konke lokho, ukusuka ekuqhathaniseni i-ED ukuya ekunyukeni kokuya ocansini kanye nokuzenzisa, akumele kungamangazi ukuthi umlutha we-porn unomthelela omubi ebudlelwaneni.
A 2017 Ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta-50 yezifundo ezingama-XNUMX, bebonke bebandakanya abahlanganyeli abangaphezu kwe-50,000 10 abavela emazweni ayi-XNUMX, bathole ukuxhumana phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi kanye nemiphumela "yokweneliseka ephansi yabantu," noma ngabe ocwaningweni olungaphansi, ekuhlolweni kwe-longitudinal, noma ekuhlolweni kwelebhu.
Enye isifundo semininingwane emele izwe lonke ithole ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn kwakuyisibikezeli esinamandla "samazinga aphansi kakhulu emfanelo yomshado'-isibikezeli sesibili esiqine kakhulu sazo zonke izinto ezihlukile ocwaningweni. Lo mphumela ukhombisile ngemuva kokuthi ababhali belawule ukuhlukumezeka okuhlukahlukene njengokunganeliseki ngempilo nokwenza izinqumo emshadweni: lokhu kusikisela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn kuyahambelana nokungajabuli emshadweni hhayi ngoba abashadayo abajabuli baphendukela kuma-porn, kodwa kunalokho i-porn yiyona imbangela yokungajabuli.
Noma kunjalo esinye isifundo, kusetshenziswa imininingwane yabamele kwi-General Social Survey, ukuvota izinkulungwane zemibhangqwana yaseMelika njalo ngonyaka kusuka ngonyaka we-2006 kuya ku-2014, kwathola ukuthi "ukuqala ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile phakathi kwamagagasi ocwaningo cishe kucishe kwaphindeka kabili amathuba okuba umuntu ahlukaniswe yinkathi elandelayo yenhlolovo." Okuthusa kakhulu, lolu cwaningo Ithole iqembu elikwazi ukwedlula isehlukaniso elande kakhulu kwakuyimibhangqwana ebibike ukuthi ijabule kakhulu emshadweni wayo futhi yaqala ukusebenzisa ezocansi ngemuva kwalokho.
Umphumela ophindaphindayo wokuluthwa okuyi-porn kuzintombi nabafazi ungokoqobo impela. Isiko elidumile liyaxaka ukuthi owesifazane okhululiwe, onomqondo ovulekile kufanele ahlaziyeke ngokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi zomlingani wakhe. Ku-"Abangane," lelo Lika Rososta lesiko laseMelika, ukushaya indlwabu okungapheli kukaChandler ngesikhathi sobudlelwano bakhe noMonica kwakuyigagasi eliphindaphindekayo, futhi isikhathi ngasinye lapho ababhali balo mbukiso benza iphuzu lokusikhombisa uMonica evunyiwe. Eqinisweni, naphezu kokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, inhlolovo ithi ukuthi inani elikhulu labesifazane alivumelani nabesilisa babo besebenzisa izithombe zocansi ngenkathi besobudlelwaneni abazinikele. Ukuthola ukuthi umlingani wakho usebenzisa i-porn kuvame ukubonwa, uma kungenjalo njengendlela yokukhaphela, khona-ke okungenani njengendlela yokwenqatshwa — mhlawumbe kwenziwa kubi kakhulu ngokuthi “uyazi” ukuthi “akakwazi” ukuphika, futhi futhi iqiniso lokuthi (ngokungafani nenkathi "Abangani") uyazi futhi ukuthi i-porn cishe ngokuqinisekile isho izinto ezinobudlova, ezonakalayo, ezingekho (noma okubi kakhulu).
Umthelela omubi osobala kakhulu kumfanekiso womzimba nokuzithemba. Iningi labesifazane ngaphakathi isifundo esisodwa uchaze ukutholakala kokuthi owesilisa wabo usebenzisa i-porn njenge- "khathazayo"; ababanga nomuzwa wokuthi abathandeki kangako, babike imizwa yokuzithemba okuphansi. Abanye besifazane banokuhlangenwe nakho Izimpawu zokukhathazeka, ukudangala, kanye ne-post-traumatic stress disorder.
Ucwaningo lwango-2016 kwamadoda aneminyaka engu-18 kuya kwengu-29 atholakele
Uma umuntu ebuka kakhulu ezocansi, uthola amathuba okuthi akwazi ukuyisebenzisa lapho enza ucansi, acele nezenzo ezithile zocansi zocansi zomlingani wakhe, azithobe ngamabomu izithombe zocansi ngesikhathi sobulili ukuze alale nomuntu okhathazekile ngokusebenza kwakhe kwezocansi nangomzimba wakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile okuphezulu kwakuhlotshaniswa nokujabulisa nokuziphatha kocansi nomuntu othandana naye.
Asikwazi ukubonisa ukuxhumeka okuqondile phakathi kokulutha kwe-porn kanye "nokuwohloka kwezocansi," kodwa Woza: nokubeka eceleni i-Skyrocketing ED, uma unikezwa lokho umlutha we-porn okwenzayo ebulilini besilisa, ngokombono wabesifazane, ukuya ocansini nomuntu ongumlutha wobulili ezingcolile kuzwakala njengokuhlolwa ongafuni ukukuphinda-futhi okwamanje, ukubheja okulungile kakhulu izinsizwa ziyimilutha yezocansi.
Ngokunikwa konke lokhu, ngenkathi singenalo ucwaningo olwanele okwamanje ukwenza isinqumo esivumelana nesayensi, ngisola kakhulu ukuxhumana phakathi kokusetshenziswa kocansi kwabesilisa (ikakhulukazi abancane) nokubikwa kabanzi futhi ukwanda okungazelelwe kokudangala namanye ama-neuropathologies phakathi kwabesifazane abasebasha. Ukubhala njengowesilisa osemusha, kufanele ngiphumele obala ukuthi ngezikhathi ezimnandi kakhulu iningi lesilisa akuzona izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zabantu, ikakhulukazi amantombazane asemasha; Angazi kahle ukuthi kufanele kube njani ukuba ntombazane esencane lapho esondele kumaphesenti ayikhulu (njengoba singacabanga ngokuphephile) echibini lobuhlobo elingaba umlutha.
Hhayi ukuthi izithombe zocansi zithinta kuphela ubudlelwano bocansi nezothando. I-porn idala isizungu. Ngokwengxenye, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kuyiqiniso kubo bonke abantu abayimilutha, okubangela imizwa enamandla yamahloni okusenza sifune ukugwema noma ukuxosha abanye abantu. Futhi umlutha usibangela ukuba siziphathe kabi: yize bengakwazanga ukuthola ucwaningo, kunobufakazi obuningi obuku-inthanethi babantu bokuphelelwa ngumsebenzi ngoba abakwazanga ukuzivimba ngokuvakashela izingosi ze-porn emsebenzini.
Ngokuvumelana ne isifundo ngu-Ana Bridges, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo sase-University of Arkansas esigxile ekuthinteni kwe-porn ebuhlotsheni, abasebenzisi bezithombe ezingcolile ku-inthanethi babika ukuthi "izimfihlo ziyanda, ukusondelana okuncane nokucindezelwa okwengeziwe."
Izidakamizwa Zobulili Ezingcolile Zimbangela Ukulimala KweBongo
Uma nje sesiqonda i-porn yanamuhla, kunengqondo ukuqonda ukuthi kungabuphazamisa kabi ubudlelwano, inikezwe umthelela wayo ebulilini, ekubukeni kwabesifazane, kanye nomthelela wanoma yikuphi ukulutha empilweni yezenhlalo kanye nenhlala-kahle jikelele. Kepha kuthiwani ngemiphumela yako ekuphumeni kwempilo yomuntu? Futhi, i-porn ukubhema okusha-futhi okwenziwa ukubhema emaphashini akho, i-porn yenza ubuchopho bakho. Kungenzeka kanjani lokho hhayi kuthinte konke esikwenzayo?
Kusebenza kanjani lokho? Khumbula, ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn okuphoqayo kubangela ukukhishwa kwento i-DeltaFosB, omsebenzi wayo ukubuyisa ubuchopho bethu. Le ndlela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umlutha awumenzi umuntu afise into ethize, kepha futhi umguqula ngobuhlakani abe ngumuntu ohlukile.
Mhlawumbe ukutholwa okuyisimanga kakhulu nokude kakhulu kwe-neuroscience eminyakeni engama-20 eyedlule kube ngumqondo we-neuroplasticity. Ososayensi babevame ukucabanga ngobuchopho njengohlobo lomshini, njengewashi eliyinkimbinkimbi ngokwedlulele noma ibhodi lesifunda, okuyisakhiwo salo ngokuyisisekelo esilungiswa kube kanye kuphela, ngokuzalwa noma ngasikhathi sinye ebuntwaneni.
Kuyavela ukuthi ubuchopho bethu buyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe futhi bu-organic. Iyashintsha njalo, ihlala imisa kabusha ngokwayo, iguqula njalo. Imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yobuchopho bethu yenziwa yimizila ye-neural, futhi okufanekisayo ukuthi kufana nemisipha. U-Aristotle wayeqinisile — uyilokho okwenziwa kaninginingi. Lokho kuyizindaba ezinhle kakhulu, kepha kunephutha elilodwa: i-neuroplasticity inqubo yokuncintisana. Uma "usebenza" ingxenye eyodwa yobuchopho bakho kakhulu, empeleni kuzokweba izinsiza ezivela ezindaweni eziseduze nobuchopho ukuze "uzikhuhle" uma lezi zinsalela zingasebenzi.
Kulula ngokwanele ukubona ukuthi kusebenza kanjani lapho umuntu ehlushwa umlutha. Njalo lapho ukhanyisa, noma udubula, noma ubuka i-porn, lokho kufana "nokusebenza" okuqinile kweqoqo elilodwa "lemisipha" ye-neural - elikhipha izinsiza kude nalo lonke ingqondo.
Ngokuqondile, ukukhishwa kwe-DeltaFosB eza nokusetshenziswa kwe-porn kwenza buthaka cortex yethu yangaphambili. I-cortex engaphambili iyona yonke into ubuchopho bekati akuyona; yingoba abantu bane-cortex enkulu eyandulela leyo sinayo impucuko. Le yingxenye yokucabanga kobuchopho, ebala ubungozi, elawula ukunxenxa, esivumela ukuthi sizenzele ikusasa ngakhoke sihlele, futhi sisingathe ukucabanga okuyize nobunengqondo. Ngokuya ngenkulumo kaPlato yenqola edumile, echaza isizathu njengomgibeli wenqola omsebenzi wakhe ukuhola amahhashi amabili angalawuleki, Ama-Thymoides, ukufutheka kwethu, futhi I-Epithymetikon, isisekelo sethu sokwemvelo, i-cortex yokuqala ingumshayeli wezinqola.
Neuroimaging izifundo babe kubonisiwe ukuthi imilutha iba “ne-hypofrontality,” igama lobuchwepheshe le-cortex engaphazamiseki. Abantu abane-hypofrontality bakhombisa amanani aphansi e-grey daba, into emhlophe engajwayelekile, kanye nekhono elincishisiwe lokucubungula i-glucose (okuyiphethiloli yobuchopho) ku-cortex yangaphambili.
I-Hypofrontality ibonakala ukwehla kulokho abachwepheshe bezengqondo abakubiza ngokuthi umsebenzi ophethe. Njengoba igama umsebenzi omkhulu kuphakamisa, lesi yisici esihle sezingqondo zethu. Umsebenzi omkhulu ufaka amakhono ethu okwenza izinqumo, amandla ethu okulawula iziphazamiso, ukuhlola ubungozi, umvuzo kanye nengozi. Yebo, kunjalo nje. Ososayensi abaqondi ngokuphelele ukuthi ukulutha kubangela kanjani i-hypofasity, kepha kunengqondo ukuthi lokhu kufanele kuhlanganiswe. Umlutha uyinselele enjalo ngoba njengoba izifiso zethu zokwenza okulandelayo ziba namandla, amandla ethu okulawula anciphisa amandla. Amahhashi ayabanjwa njengoba izingalo zomgibeli ziba buthaka.
Ngithole izifundo eziseduze nobuchopho eziyi-150 ezithola ubufakazi bokuthi ziyimilutha ye-inthanethi, okuphephile ukuthi ungazicabanga, icishe ifane nezilutha ze-inthanethi ze-inthanethi, okungenani kwabesilisa — futhi ngaphezu kweshumi elinambili ezitholile izimpawu zokubonisa ukungathandeki kobulili imilutha noma abasebenzisi be-porn.
Kulungile: umlutha we-porn empeleni ugcwalisa ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yobuchopho bethu.
Ucwaningo lwe-2016 hlukanisa abasebenzisi be-porn bamanje babe ngamaqembu amabili: iqembu elilodwa eligcine ukudla okuthandayo emasontweni amathathu, neqembu elilodwa elanqanda i-porn amasonto amathathu. Ekupheleni kwamasonto amathathu, abasebenzisi be-porn babengekho abakwazi ukubambezela ukuzanelisa. Ngoba lokhu kufundwa neqembu lokulawula elinikezwe ngezikhathi ezithile, kungubufakazi obuqinile besixhumanisi sokuxhuma (kunokuba kube nje ukuhlangana) phakathi kokusebenzisa izithombe zocansi nokuzithiba okuphansi.
Nazi ezinye izinkinga zokucabanga izifundo zesayensi ezixhumene nokusetshenziswa kwe-porn: kwehlile ukusebenza kwezemfundo, kwehla ukusebenza kwememori yokusebenza, kwehlisa amandla okwenza izinqumo, ukuminyana okuphezulu nokulawulwa kwemizwelo ephansi, ukugwema ubungozi obukhulu, ukuzithemba okuphansi, amazinga aphezulu we-neurosis. Zonke lezi zimpawu ezihlobene ne-hypof Pambality.
Olunye ucwaningo luthole ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-porn kanye nokuxineka okuphezulu, ukukhathazeka kwezenhlalo, ukukhathazeka okunamathiselwe kothando nokugwema, ubuzwe, ukucindezelwa, ukukhathazeka, ukuhlukunyezwa, nokuzithemba okungekuhle. Lezi akuzona izinkomba eziqondile ze-hypofrontality, kepha kulula ukubona ukuthi othile onomsebenzi ophethe ongalungile angaba sengozini enkulu yokuthuthuka noma yiliphi inani lalawo ma-pathologies. Izifundo zivame ukuthola ukuthi uma kusetshenziswa kakhulu ama-porn, ziba zinkulu lezi zinkinga.
Ngakho-ke i-neuroplasticity isho ukuthi umlutha we-porn, ngokuqinisa izindlela ezithile ze-neural ebuchosheni, wenza buthaka abanye, ikakhulukazi lezo ezihlobene nomsebenzi wokuphatha.
Kepha kunomunye futhi umbono oshaqisayo wokuthi ama-neuroplasticity asho ukuthini umlutha we-porn: ngenkathi manje sesazi ukuthi, nganoma isiphi ubudala, ubuchopho buyipulasitiki kakhulu kunalokho ebesikucabanga ngaphambili, kusengabazeka ukuthi, konke okunye ukulingana, sibancane the more plastic ubuchopho bethu. Ungafunda, usho, ulimi lwakwelinye izwe noma insimbi yomculo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kepha kukhona izinga lobuciko oyoke ulifinyelele kuphela uma uqala omncane. Izingqondo zethu zihlala zepulasitiki, kepha ziseyipulasitiki ethe xaxa lapho sisemncane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho izindlela ezithile ziqiniswa esemncane, zivame ukuhlala zinjalo, ngoba ngenkathi kusenokwenzeka ukuzishintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi empilweni, kuba nzima kakhulu.
Umphumela We-Porn ku-Brain Yezingane
Lokhu kusiletha kwesinye isiqubulo esikhulu esiphathelene ne-porn: yisho noma yini ongafuna ukuyidla ngabantu abadala, ngombono sonke siyavuma ukuthi izingane akufanele ivezwe kuso — nokho empeleni, sonke siyazi kahle nokuthi ziyikho. Amanani akhombisa ukukhohlisa. Njengoba nje sazi ukuthi izingosi ze-porn zenza ngokuphelele Lutho ukuvikela izingane ukuthi zingazidli.
Izibalo ziyesabisa. Ngokuvumelana ne isifundo seSpain sika-2013, "Amaphesenti angama-63 abafana namaphesenti angama-30 amantombazane abonwe ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile ezikwi-intanethi ngesikhathi sobusha," kufaka phakathi "ukugqilazwa, izithombe zocansi zezingane kanye nokudlwengulwa." IBritish Journal of Nursing Yezikole, "Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-10 manje ziphenduka amaphesenti angama-22 wokusebenzisa kabi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngaphansi kwe-18."
Ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi okwenziwa ngo-2019 uthole imiphumela emibi elandelayo, ethathwe ezifundweni ezingaphezu kuka-20: "isimo sokudabukela kwabesifazane," "ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi," "ukungaziphathi kahle emphakathini," "ukuzibandakanya ocansini" kanye "nokuphoqelelwa." Olunye ucwaningo lathola "ukwanda kwezigameko zontanga. ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi ezinganeni nokuthi umenzi wobubi wayevame ukubonakala ezithombeni zocansi eziningi kulezi zigameko. ”Ukubuyekezwa futhi kutholile ukuthi" izifundo zokuvezwa kwamantombazane ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile njengezingane zikhombisa ukuthi kunomthelela ekwakhiweni kwazo. " eminye imiphumela emibi, ucwaningo lwentsha luthole ikakhulukazi ubudlelwano phakathi kokuvezwa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye. . . ukwahlukaniswa nomphakathi, ukungaziphathi kahle, ukudangala, imibono yokuzibulala, kanye nokukhubazeka ezifundweni. ”
Ngetulu kwaloko, “bantfwana babo bobabili ubulili lobuvulekele kutfola titfombe letingcolile bangase bakholwe kutsi tento labatibonako, njengelokuya emacansini nebulili lobucansi, kujwayelekile kunontanga yabo.”
Kunzima ukukhombisa ukuxhumana okuqondile ngokwesayensi, kodwa kusamele sicabange ukuthi kufanele kube nokuxhumana phakathi kokuqhuma kwe-porn nokuqhuma okubhalwe kabanzi ezinkingeni zezempilo yengqondo phakathi kwentsha.
Ngenkathi izimbangela zalokhu okubizwa ngokuthi yinkinga yezempilo yengqondo phakathi kwentsha kuphikiswa kakhulu, amaqiniso uqobo awekho: ngokoMthetho Kazwelonke Wokusetshenziswa Kwezidakamizwa Nempilo, ucwaningo olusemthethweni lukahulumeni olubheka ingxenye ebanzi yabantu baseMelika— Bangaphezu kuka-600,000— “kusukela ngonyaka ka-2009 kuya ku-2017, ukucindezelwa okukhulu kwengane eneminyaka engama-20 kuya kwengu-21 ngaphezulu kokuphindwe kabili, kukhuphuka isuka kumaphesenti angama-7 iye kumaphesenti ayi-15. Ukudangala kwande ngamaphesenti angama-69 phakathi kwabaneminyaka engu-16 kuya kwengu-17. Ukudangala okukhulu kwengqondo, okubandakanya imizwa yokukhathazeka nokuphelelwa yithemba, kwehle ngamaphesenti angama-71 phakathi kwabaneminyaka eyi-18 kuya kwengama-25 ubudala ukusuka ngonyaka we-2008 kuya ku-2017. Kaphindeka amahlandla amaningi ezineminyaka engama-22 kuya kwengama-23 ukuzibulala ngo-2017 kuqhathaniswa no-2008, kanye no-55. amaphesenti amaningi ayenemicabango yokuzibulala, " ubhala Isazi sezengqondo saseSan Diego State University uJean Twenge.
Ngakho-ke inkinga yezempilo yengqondo yentsha yaqala ngonyaka ka-2009, ngemuva nje kokuthi ama-Smartphones nezindawo ze-Tube zashintsha isimo sobulili. Futhi, hhayi ubufakazi besayensi bokuxhumeka kwesizathu, kodwa ngokuqinisekile buyasebenza.
Isisekelo yilesi: uma sinikezwe lokho esikwaziyo ukuthi i-porn yenzani ebuchosheni, futhi uma sazi ukuthi okuncane ukuthi ubuchopho buba bukhulu kakhulu, kuwukuqiniseka impela ukuthi noma ikuphi ukuluthwa yi-porn okwenzayo kubantu abadala, kuzokwenza izingane — ngaphandle okubi kakhulu. Lokhu kuyinto okufanele siyenze ngokuphela kokwazi ngamaqiniso ayisisekelo we-neurobiology yomuntu, noma ngabe ngaphandle kokubheka noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi engokwengqondo yokuvezwa kwezingane ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile.
Okungaba Imbangela Yokuwohloka Kwezocansi?
Ngiye ngazama ukuqaphela ngangokunokwenzeka futhi kuphela ukubeka izingxabano zesayensi ezidwetshwa ngokucophelela. Singakwazi, futhi kufanele, siphikisane ngokuziphatha, kodwa kufanele sicace maqiniso. Emhlabeni lapho izindatshana zesigidi zifuna konke futhi okuphambene nakho ngesisekelo “sokutadisha,” ngangifuna ukucaca ngangokunokwenzeka ngalokho esingakwazi ukwazi ngokwesayensi nge-porn, ngesilinganiso esiphakeme sokuqiniseka, ngokuqhathanisa izinto esingazisola ngokuqinile, kodwa ungafakazisi.
We ukwazi okwenziwa yi-porn ebuchosheni, ngoba isayensi yezokwelapha iqinile. Ngoba isayensi yezenhlalo ithambile, asikwazi ukwazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi i-porn imbangela yiphi imithelela i-porn enayo emphakathini, uma ikhona. Kepha uma sesibona ukuthi kufanele sithobeke kakhulu kule ndawo, sisengakwazi ukwenza izinqumo ezibalulekile.
Khumbula ukwehla kobulili? Kubukeka sengathi iJapan ingumanduleli wazo zonke izinhlobo zokwehla kwezinga lomnotho: njengoba yaqala yangena kuzinga lesilinganiso senzalo yezomnotho izwe lomhlaba wonke elinothile obekulokhu likhona kusukela ngo-2008, futhi elibukeka njengezwe elisha elingapheli ngokudlula ngakunye Usuku, iJapan nayo yangena ekulweni komnotho kwezocansi iminyaka eyishumi ngaphambi kwethu. IJapan nayo yathola i-inthanethi ye-Broadband ngaphambili kunasemhlabeni wonke. Kungenzeka yini ukuthi iJapan iyisibonelo salokho okungenzeka kithina uma singenzi okuthile mayelana nokuluthwa ngezithombe zobulili ezingcolile?
Kusukela iJapan ithole i-inthanethi ebanzi, izizukulwane ezisencane zidlule ezinguquko ezinkulu zenhlalo. “Ngo-2005, ingxenye yesithathu yabantu abangashadile baseJapan abaneminyaka engu-18 kuya kwengu-34 kwakuyizintombi; ngonyaka ka-2015, abantu abangamaphesenti angama-43 kuleli qembu leminyaka, futhi isabelo abathi bebehlose ukushada sesikhuphukile. (Hhayi ukuthi umshado ubuyisiqinisekiso sokuphindaphindeka kwezocansi: Ucwaningo oluhlobene nalutho lutholile ukuthi amaphesenti angama-47 abantu abashadile abaze balala okungenani nenyanga.), " I-Atlantic'Kate Julian wabhala embhalweni wakhe wokuwa komnotho kwezocansi.
EJapan, lesi sizukulwane esisha samadoda angabhekani ubulili — kanye nokuwohloka kobulili eJapan kubangelwa Okwamadoda ukungabi nandaba, ekudumeni kwamazwi kwabesifazane abasebasha baseJapan, uma kunokwethenjwa imibiko yabezindaba — kwaziwa ngokuthi soushoku danshi, “abantu abadla utshani” ngokwezwi nezwi, i-herbivores. I-epithet ekuqaleni yenziwa ngumlobi wesifazane owayekhungathekile kodwa, ngokumangazayo, ama-herbivores awakhubeki futhi iningi lawo liyajabula ukukhomba linjalo.
Njengoba kunikezwe ukwehla kwenani labantu baseJapan, ama-herbivores, asephenduke insika enkulu, ayingxoxo mpikiswano kazwelonke eJapan, SlateU-Alexandra Harney imibiko. Futhi okubonakala kuchaza ama-herbivores akukhona nje ukuthi abanasifiso sokwenza ucansi, ukuthi akubonakali sengathi abanasifiso sokuthile noma yini.
Bajwayele ukuhlala nabazali babo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kunzima ukuthola indawo yokuhlala lapho ungenawo umsebenzi oqinile, ama-herbivores athi awawubheki, ngoba awunandaba nomsebenzi wobuchwepheshe. Akukhona ukuthi bakhetha ukuphuma kumphakathi okhiqizayo ukugxila kuwo, bathi, ubuciko, noma ubuqili, noma olunye uhlobo lobuciko noma isiko eliphikisayo. Ngokusobala, enye yezindlela zokuzilibazisa ezimbalwa ezibonakala zithandwa phakathi kwama-herbivores. . . uhamba ngezinyawo. Ukuze wenze okulungile, ukuhamba kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokugaya izinto zokugcoba.
Lokho ama-herbivores abonakala enentshisekelo kukho usebenzisa isikhathi sabo esiningi eyedwa, kwi-inthanethi. Ama-Herbivores anempilo yezenhlalo ayigcina ibekelwe umbuthano omncane wabangani. Ngenkathi amaJaphani bekade edume ngokuthanda ukuzibandakanya kwawo kwezokuvakasha, awathandi ukuya kwamanye amazwe. Bakhe imakethe entsha ye yaoi, uhlobo lwaseJapan lwe-bodice ripper-style romance luveza ubudlelwano be-homoerotic phakathi kwamadoda; ngenkathi yaoiizithameli ebezenziwe ngokwesiko kube ngabesifazane, ama-herbivores abesilisa njengawo yaoi.
Kunezincazelo eziningi ezingenakubalwa kumcimbi we-herbivore, kusuka kumasiko kuye kwezomnotho, futhi kunengqondo ukuthi ezinye zalezi zinto zizobe zidlala. Noma kunjalo, ngikuthola kudangalisa ukuthi konke esikwaziyo ngamakhambi we-herbivores nalokho esikwaziyo ngomlutha we-porn we-inthanethi, kunciphise i-libido kanye nokusebenzisa kabi i-intanethi. Siyazi futhi ukuthi iJapan inemakethe ekhulayo yamathoyizi ocansi abesilisa, kodwa hhayi abesifazane, kanye nezithombe zocansi ezedlulele nezingahambi kahle, ezihambisana nesibalo sabantu esincishwe ukuvuselelwa kobulili obujwayelekile ngumlutha wezocansi okuku-inthanethi.
Ngaphandle kokwenza ucansi, ama-herbivores abukeka emangalisa njengesizukulwane samadoda ahlushwa i-hypof Pambality, isifo sezinzwa esidalwa umlutha we-porn. Kubukeka sengathi inkinga yabo ebalulekile ukungakwazi yenza, kungaba umsebenzi noma umfazi. Ukuzibophezela kudinga amakhono anikwe amandla yi-cortex yokuqala, njenge-self-Mastery, enesisindo esifanele sengozi nomvuzo, futhi uzenzele isikhathi esizayo. Ukuzimela ngokwezimali, ukuvakashela izwe langaphandle, ukuphuma endlini yabazali bakho, ukuya emaphathini, ukuhlangana nabantu abasha, ukubuza intombazane-ukuthi zonke lezi zinto zihlobene ngani ukuthi ngenkathi izinsizwa ngokuvamile zifuna ukuzenza, zingakwazi futhi kusabise; futhi kungumsebenzi ophethe wobuchopho obekwe ku-cortex yokuqala eyenza ukuthi kube lula ukufinyelela ngaphezulu kokungabaza kokuqala okuvela ezingxenyeni eziphansi zobuchopho.
Njengoba iJapan isemgwaqweni wokuziqothula ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokungahloniphi kwabantu besilisa kwezocansi noma ngomshado, kunzima ukungacabangi ngomfanekiso kaNietzsche woMuntu Wokugcina, isimo sakhe esibi sobusuku bokubhekabezelwa okulindelwe yimpucuko yaseNtshonalanga emva Kokufa KukaNkulunkulu uma bekungemukeli indlela ye Ubermensch: Umuntu wokugcina uphila impilo yokududuzeka, wanelisa konke ukuthambekela kwakhe, wamukela ukuvumelanisa futhi wenqaba ukushayisana, futhi akafuni lutho olungaphezu kwamandla, njengoba engenamqondo, noma isinyathelo, noma ubuhlakani, noma umsuka, noma obeka engozini. Ngumuntu wokugcina, ngamafuphi, umuntu ubuyela entweni efana nesilwane, kepha hhayi eye-carnivore. UNietzsche umqhathanisa nesinambuzane, kepha i-herbivore ihlangana kahle. Esigabeni esesabekayo sikaNietzsche, Indoda Yokugcina ikholelwa ukuthi ithole injabulo.
Nakulokhu futhi, akunakwenzeka ukufakazela ngokwesayensi ukuthi ukwenzeka kwe-herbivore kubangelwa umlutha we-porn osabalele. Kepha into eyodwa ivuselela kakhulu: ayikho incazelo yokuthi kungani, uma umkhuba we-herbivore ubangelwa ukuthambekela okubanzi kwesiko noma kwezenhlalo, kufanele kube yinto enkulu kangako wesilisa isimangaliso. Noma ubani? Noma ubani? Umthengisi?
Ingabe iJapan iyisidambisi sekusasa? Ngabe sisendleleni yokuba yimpucuko yama-herbivore? Noma, ukuthatha enye isifaniso, sifane nabantu abangenakusizwa esikhaleni esikwi- "WALL-E," ngaphandle kokuthi asikaze sizungeze ukudala i-AI namarobhothi anika amandla izimpilo zabo ezingenangqondo?
Mhlawumbe kuzwakala kuyi-hyperbolic. Kepha esikwaziyo ukuthi inani elikhulu lempucuko yethu liboshelwe umuthi onemiphumela enkulu ebuchosheni, esingakuqondi ikakhulukazi, ngaphandle kokuthi konke esikuqondayo akukubi futhi kuyesabisa. Futhi sineminyaka eyishumi nje kuphela singenela inqubo. Uma singenzi izinto, maduze nje isizukulwane esilandelayo sizoba isizukulwane esidonseke kakhulu kulesi sidakamizwa esidla ubuchopho njengezingane, ezinobuchopho basengozini ehlukile. Kubukeka kunengqondo ngokuphelele futhi kuyavumelana nobufakazi njengoba sinabo kufanele bethuke ngokujulile. Impela, okubonakala kungenangqondo ukwedelela kwethu okungaxakile ngokuthile, ngokwezinga elithile, sonke esazi ukuthi kuyenzeka.
Isilingo Esikhulu Kuma-Brain Bethu
Enye indlela yokusondela kumbuzo wokuthi ungaphendula kanjani ukubona ukuthi thina - umhlaba wonke othuthukile, futhi ngokushesha umhlaba wonke, njengoba amanani entengo yama-Smartphones kanye ne-Broadband emazweni asathuthuka eqhubeka ehla — sisebenza sivivinyo olukhulu kakhulu, olungakaze lube khona ngaphambili ubuchopho. Ososayensi baqonda izinto ezimbalwa mayelana nobuchopho, kepha bambalwa kuphela. Ubuchopho bomuntu buyinto eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu eMvelweni eyaziwayo, futhi sibeka ingxenye yabantu cishe ngokuphelele, ohlotsheni lomuthi olungakaze lube khona.
Njengoba ngibhala lokhu, kubikwa ukuthi i-FDA ibheka ukuvalwa ngokuphelele kwe-e-ugwayi. Cabanga uma, sithi, isengezo sezempilo esidumile sikhonjiswe, oh, sandisa isilinganiso se-ED phakathi kwezinsizwa ngamaphesenti athile, ingasaphathwa imiyalo eminingana yobukhulu, noma ube umlutha njenge-cocaine ezingxenyeni ezinkulu zabantu. Impela umshushisi obheka ukubukela nje angavuma ukuthi abanikazi benkampani bahambe ngendlela engakaze ibonwe kuzwe ngaphambi kokusho ukuthi "uLoko amane" -ngisho, wayeziqhenya kakhulu ngezinto futhi enamahloni okuma phambi komphakathi.
Isifaniso singaba ngokuhleleka lapha: ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Kukhona izinto ezithile esizaziyo ngokwesayensi ukuthi ziyiqiniso: Siyazi ukuthi amagesi abamba ukushisa abamba ukushisa okuphezulu okulingana konke; Siyazi ukuthi abantu bakhipha amagesi abamba ukushisa ngokwengeziwe; Siyazi ukuthi amazinga okushisa ayanda; Siyazi ukuthi amagesi abamba ukushisa akhuphuka aze afike emazingeni angakaze abonwe.
Asazi ukwazi, ngokwesayensi, ngokunembile, lokho kusho ukuthini ngekusasa. Umhlaba uyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu into ephilayo ukuze sikwazi ukubikezela ngokuqiniseka okukhulu ukuthi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuzosho ukuthini, ikakhulukazi-impela, isizathu esizwakalayo se-alamu iqiniso lokuthi sisendaweni engafakwanga uma kukhulunywa ngamazinga wegesi yokushisa namazinga okushisa. Kungaleso sizathu i-UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, emele ukuvumelana kwesayensi ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, kunganikezeli Ukubikezela womthelela wesikhathi esizayo wokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, kodwa ukusatshalaliswa okungenzeka (uzifunde uma ungangikholwa).
Ngokwesisekelo isimo samanje sesayensi, sinoku ukuphazamiseka kobufakazi okuholela ku inkolelo enezizathu ezizwakalayo ukuthi amazinga angakaze abonwe amagesi abamba ukushisa ngokushisa nokwenyuka kokushisa enza izinga lengozi elingamukeleki yemiphumela engemihle, kufaka phakathi imiphumela eyinhlekelele, ukuze uhlobo oluthile isenzo esihlanganyelwe (ukubeka eceleni izimpikiswano ezithukuthele ukuthi uluhlobo luni lwesenzo) olunezizathu zokunqanda ukuphuma kwegesi abamba ukushisa. Umhlaba uyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngathi ukuba siwuqonde ngokuphelele, futhi empeleni lokhu kungukuphikisana okuhle kakhulu kokuthi kungani kungenangqondo ukumpompa ugcwele amakhemikhali emazingeni angakaze abonwe. Ngemuva kwakho konke, asinawo uMhlaba 2. (Futhi yebo, ukwenqaba okumangazayo okulondolozwa kwemvelo ukwamukela isenzo sokuvelela ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, lokhu kungukuphikisana okungokwemvelo.)
Ungabona lapho ngiya khona: noma kunjalo uMhlaba uyigugu, unjalo ubuchopho bethu; noma kunjalo umhlaba uyinkimbinkimbi, ziningi kakhulu izingqondo zethu, okuyizinto eziyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke endaweni yonke eyaziwayo. Angiboni ukuthi kungani logic efanayo ingasebenzi.
Izibalo ziphakeme ngokufanayo, kunengqondo ukwenza okuthile kuyafana, kepha nokho lezi zimbangela ezihlukene zithola amazinga okuhlukahlukana okunaka womphakathi nokunakwa capital kwezepolitiki.
Kuthathe isikhathi eside phakathi komzuzwana lapho ubufakazi bokuthi isixhumanisi sokubhema somdlavuza wamaphaphu kanye nemiphumela eminingi emibi yezempilo buye bungalawuleki. Futhi kwathatha isikhathi eside phakathi kwalelo sikhashana nalapho thina njengomphakathi samukela lobo bufakazi futhi sanquma ukuthatha isinyathelo. Lokhu bekungxenye yemibuzo esemthethweni yesayensi ekuqaleni, okuyingxenye ngenxa yempembelelo yokuhaha, izintshisekelo eziyimboni, futhi ngxenye ngenxa yokuqanjwa kwamaphutha okukhohlakala kwe-pseudo-libertarian. Kodwa futhi ngokwengxenye ngoba abantu abaningi babenqikaza ukuvuma ukuthi umkhuba wabo othandekayo, ojabulisayo, empeleni waba umlutha olimazayo — futhi bonke babenqikanqika ukuluvuma ngoba babazi, ekujuleni kwenhliziyo, ukuthi kwakuyiqiniso.
Ngisabhema. Kepha, okungenani, ngiyekile ukuqamba amanga kimi ukuthi kungani ngikwenza. Sekuyisikhathi thina njengomphakathi siyeke ukuqamba amanga ngathi ngalokho okuye kwaba yingozi enkulu empilweni yomphakathi.
UPascal-Emmanuel Gobry ungumakhelwane esikhungweni se-Ethics and Public Policy Center. Umbhalo wakhe uvele ezincwadini eziningi. Uhlala eParis.
;