Ukubekwa kwamazwana: Ucwaningo lokuqala ukukhombisa ukuhlangana okuqondile phakathi kwendaba engwephukile yecortal gortex (hypofrontality) kanye nokushoda komvuzo (ukuzithoba)
Indaba Grey esikhungweni sokulawulwa kwengqondo ixhunywe emandleni ukucubungula umvuzo
Ngo-Novemba 29th, 2011 e-Neuroscience
Uma unezimpunga ngokwengeziwe ekuthathweni kwezinqumo, ekucutshungulweni kokucabanga kwengqondo yakho, kulapho lithuthukisa khona ikhono lakho lokuhlola imivuzo nemiphumela. Lokho kungabonakala njengesiphetho esisobala, kepha ucwaningo olusha olwenziwe eMnyangweni Wezamandla wase-Brookhaven National Laboratory wase-US ungowokuqala ukukhombisa lokhu kuhlobana phakathi kwesakhiwo nokusebenza kwabantu abaphilile - kanye nokukhubazeka kokubili kokusebenza nokusebenza kwabantu abayimilutha ye-cocaine . Ucwaningo luvela kwiJenali yeCognitive Neuroscience.
"Lolu cwaningo lubhala okokuqala ukubaluleka kokuklonyeliswa kokulungiswa kwendaba engwevu ezingxenyeni ze-cortex yangaphambi kobuchopho ebandakanyeka ekusebenzeni okuphezulu, kubandakanya ukuzithiba nokwenza izinqumo," kusho uMuhammad Parvaz, umuntu o-post-doctoral eBrookhaven Lab kanye nomlobi ohola phambili ephepheni.
"Ucwaningo lwangaphambilini olwenziwe eBrookhaven nakwezinye izindawo luhlolisise ubuqotho besakhiwo se-prefrontal cortex ekuluthweni kwezidakamizwa nasezingxenyeni ezisebenzayo zokulungiswa kwemivuzo, kodwa lezi zifundo zenziwa ngokwehlukana," kusho uParvaz. "Besifuna ukwazi ukuthi ngabe umsebenzi othile wokucutshungulwa kwemivuzo ungahle 'ubalazwe" esakhiweni sobuchopho obuyisisekelo - ukuthi ngabe lezi zihlobo zihlobene kanjani nokuthi zisebenza kanjani, ”engeza.
Umehluko kumthamo wezinto ezimpunga - inani lezinto zobuchopho ezakhiwe yimizimba yamaseli ezinzwa, ngokungafani nama-axon "endaba emhlophe" akha ukuxhumana phakathi kwamaseli - kuye kwabonwa kuhlu lwezifo ze-neuropsychiatric uma kuqhathaniswa namazwe aphilile, kuchaziwe U-Anna Konova, omunye umbhali ohola phambili ephepheni. "Besifuna ukwazi kabanzi ukuthi lokhu kwehluka kusho ukuthini ekusebenzeni kwabantu abaphilile nakubantu abasebenzisa imilaliso," esho.
Ukuhlola lobu budlelwano bokusebenza kwesakhiwo, ososayensi benze ukuskena kobuchopho be-resonance imaging (MRI) ukukala ivolumu yobuchopho kubantu abayi-17 abaphilile nabasebenzisi be-22 be-cocaine. Izikena ziqoqa izilinganiso zokwakheka kobuchopho bonke, futhi zingahlaziywa i-voxel-by-voxel - okulingana namaphikseli anezinhlangothi ezintathu - ukuthola izilinganiso eziningiliziwe zezifunda zobuchopho ngazinye.
Esikhathini esifushane sokuhlolwa kwe-MRI, ososayensi baphinde basebenzisa ama-electrode abekwe ezikhungweni zezifundo zocwaningo ukukala isignali ethile kagesi eyaziwa njenge-P300 (amandla ahlobene nomcimbi atholakala ku-electroencephalogram eqhubekayo, noma i-EEG, leso isikhathi- kukhiyelwe umcimbi othile). Lesi silinganiso esithile singakhomba umsebenzi wobuchopho ohlobene nokucutshungulwa komvuzo. Ngesikhathi sokuqoshwa kukagesi, lezi zihloko zenze umsebenzi wezengqondo ophelelwe yisikhathi (ukucindezela izinkinobho ngokuya ngemithetho ethile) ngethemba lokuthola amazinga ahlukahlukene omvuzo wemali, kungabikho mali kuze kufike kumasenti angama-45 ngempendulo ngayinye efanele ngomvuzo ophelele ongaba khona kwezingu- $ 50.
Ucwaningo lwangaphambilini olwenziwe yiqembu locwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi, ngezifundo ezinempilo, isignali ye-P300 inyuka ngobukhulu ngenani lomvuzo wemali onikezwayo. Abantu abayimilutha ye-Cocaine, noma kunjalo, abakhombisi le mpendulo ehlukile esilinganisweni se-P300 somsebenzi wobuchopho, noma bona, njengezifundo ezinempilo, bakala umsebenzi njengento ejabulisa kakhulu futhi ethokozisayo lapho umvuzo ongaba mkhulu.
Ucwaningo olukhona manje lunwebe le miphumela ngokuyixhumanisa okokuqala nezilinganiso zokuhleleka.
Ososayensi basebenzise izindlela zezibalo ukubheka ukuhlangana phakathi komehluko womsebenzi wobuchopho obonwe ezimweni ezinomvuzo omkhulu kanye nezingawutholi umvuzo - ukuthi impendulo ye-P300 yobuchopho ishintshe kangakanani ngomvuzo owandayo - kanye nevolumu yempunga ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zobuchopho njengoba kulinganiswe i-voxel-by-voxel kuzikena ze-MRI.
Ezifundweni ezinempilo, ubukhulu boshintsho kusignali ye-P300 ngomvuzo owandayo buhlotshaniswe kakhulu nevolumu yendaba engwevu ezifundeni ezintathu ze-cortex yangaphambili.
"Ukuphakama kwevolumu yempunga kulezo zifunda ezithile, ukusebenza kobuchopho kukhuphuka ukuthola umvuzo ophakeme kakhulu wemali uma kuqhathaniswa nesimo sokungawuklomelo," kusho uKonova.
Abantu abayimilutha ye-cocaine banciphise ivolumu yempunga kulezi zifunda ngokuqhathaniswa nezifundo ezinempilo, futhi akukho mehluko obonakalayo phakathi kwezimo zomvuzo kusilinganiso se-P300 somsebenzi wobuchopho. Kwakungekho ukuhlobana okuphawulekayo phakathi kwesakhiwo sangaphambili nesokugcina - nezinyathelo zomsebenzi - ezifundweni eziyimilutha ye-cocaine.
"Lokhu okutholakele kusikisela ukuthi ukucutshungulwa kwemivuzo okungalungile kungabangelwa ukusilela ebuqothweni besakhiwo, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni zangaphambili zecortical ezibandakanyeka ekusebenzeni okuphezulu kwengqondo kanye nemizwa," kusho uParvaz. "Ngakho-ke lolu cwaningo luqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinyathelo ezitholwe yi-MRI njengezinkomba zokushoda okusebenzayo."
Imiphumela ibalulekile ekuqondeni ukulahleka kwamandla okulawula kanye nokuthatha izinqumo okuyingozi okungenzeka kubantu ababhekene nokulutha kwezidakamizwa, uKonova uchaze wathi: “Lokhu kusilela kokusebenza kwesakhiwo kungahumusha ekuziphatheni okungasebenzi ezweni langempela. Ngokuqondile, ukukhubazeka kokuqhathanisa imivuzo, nokuncipha kwendaba empunga ku-prefrontal cortex, kungaphetha ngekhono elibekiwe lokuthola injabulo nokulawula isimilo, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezinobungozi obukhulu - ngokwesibonelo, lapho ufisa noma uphansi kwengcindezi - okuholela abantu ngisebenzise izidakamizwa naphezu kwemiphumela eyinhlekelele. ”
Ababhali bayavuma ukuthi kusenemibuzo yokuthi ngabe lolu shintsho ekwakhekeni kobuchopho kanye nomsebenzi luyimbangela noma umphumela wokulutha. Kepha ukusetshenziswa kwamasu wokucabanga amaningi, njengoba kuboniswe yilolu cwaningo, kungavula izindlela ezintsha zokubhekana nale mibuzo neminye efanelekile ekuqondiseni izisusa zabantu kuzona zombili izifundazwe zezempilo nezifo, ngokubhekela okuthile ekwelashweni kwezidakamizwa.
Imininingwane engaphezulu: Ukuqina Kwesakhiwo se-Prefrontal Cortex Modulates Electrocortical Sensitivity to Reward: http: //www.mitpres. jocn_a_00166
Inikezwe yiBrookhaven National Laborator
"Okumpunga esikhungweni sokulawula ubuchopho kuxhumene nokukwazi ukucubungula umvuzo." Novemba 29th, 2011. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2011-11-gray-brain-center-linked-ability.html
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