(L) I-Dopamine yenza ukuba ube ngumlutha wokufuna ulwazi (2009)

Ingabe uke uzizwe sengathi ungumlutha we-imeyili noma i-twitter noma ukuthumela imiyalezo? Ingabe ukuthola ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukungazinaki i-imeyili yakho uma ubona ukuthi kunemiyalezo ebhokisini lakho lokungenayo? Uke waya ku-Google ukuthi ubuke ulwazi oluthe xaxa kanye nemizuzu ye-30 kamuva uqaphela ukuthi ufunde futhi uxhumanisa, futhi usesha ngokuzungezile isikhathi eside, futhi manje usufuna into ehluke ngokuphelele kunangaphambili? Lezi zonke izibonelo zesistimu yakho ye-dopamine emsebenzini.

Faka i-dopamine - Ososayensi be-Neuro bebelokhu befunda lokho ababiza ngokuthi uhlelo lwe-dopamine okwesikhashana. I-Dopamine "yafunyanwa" ku-1958 ngu-Arvid Carlsson no-Nils-Ake Hillarp ku-National Heart Institute yaseSweden. I-Dopamine idalwe ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zobuchopho futhi ibaluleke kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemisebenzi yobuchopho, kufaka phakathi ukucabanga, ukuhamba, ukulala, imizwa, ukunakwa, nokugqugquzela, ukufuna nokuvuza.

Izinganekwane - Kungenzeka ukuthi uzwile ukuthi i-dopamine ilawula izinhlelo "zenjabulo" zobuchopho: ukuthi i-dopamine yenza uzizwe ujabule, injabulo, ngakho-ke ikukhuthaza ukuba ufune ukuziphatha okuthile, njengokudla, ubulili, nezidakamizwa.

Konke ngokufuna - Ucwaningo lwamuva, nakuba lushintsha lo mbono. Esikhundleni se-dopamine esibangela ukuba sijabule, ucwaningo lwamuva lubonisa ukuthi i-dopamine ibangela ukuziphatha okufunayo. I-Dopamine isenza sifune, sifise, sifune, futhi sifune. Yandisa izinga lethu elijwayelekile lokuvusa kanye nokuziphatha kwethu okuqondisiwe. (Kusukela ku-standpoint point-point-point lena ebaluleke kakhulu. Uhlelo lokufuna i-dopamine lusishukumisela ukuba sihambe emhlabeni wonke, sifunde futhi sisinde). Akukhona nje ngezidingo ezingokwenyama ezifana nokudla, noma ubulili, kodwa futhi mayelana nemicabango engaqondakali. I-Dopamine isenza sithole ulwazi mayelana nemibono futhi sithuthukisa ukusesha kwethu ulwazi. Ucwaningo lwamuva lubonisa ukuthi uhlelo lwe-opioid (oluhlukaniswe ne-dopamine) olwenza sizizwe sijabula.

Ukufuna ngokumelene nokuthanda - Ngokusho kukaKent Berridge, lezi zinhlelo ezimbili, "okufunayo" (i-dopamine) kanye "nokuthanda" (i-opioid) ziyahambisana. Uhlelo olufunayo lusishukumisela esenzweni futhi isistimu esithandayo yenza sikwazi ukwaneliseka ngakho-ke simise okwesikhashana ukufunwa kwethu. Uma ukufunwa kwethu kungavaliwe okungenani okwesikhashana, bese siqala ukugijima ku-loop engapheli. Ucwaningo lwamuva lubonisa ukuthi uhlelo lwe-dopamine lunamandla kunesimiso se-opioid. Sifuna okungaphezu kokuthi sinelisekile (emuva kokuziphendukela kwemvelo ... ukufuna cishe kusenza siphile kunokuba sihlezi eduze ne-stupor eyanelisayo).

I-dopamine yenziwe i-loop - Nge-intanethi, i-twitter, nokuthumela imiyalezo thina manje sinokuthokozisa okusheshayo kwesifiso sethu sokufuna. Ufuna ukukhuluma nomuntu ngokushesha? Thumela umbhalo bese uphendula ngemizuzwana embalwa. Ufuna ukubheka olunye ulwazi? Vele uthayiphe i-google. Yini ongayibona ukuthi abangani bakho bafinyelela kuphi? Iya ku-twitter noma facebook. Sifinyelela ku-dopamine eyenziwe i-loop ... i-dopamine iqala ukuthi sifune, bese sithola umvuzo ngokufunwa okuwenza sikwazi ukuthola okuningi. Kuba nzima nakakhulu ukuyeka ukubuka i-imeyili, ukumisa ukuthumela imiyalezo, uyeke ukuhlola amafoni wethu ukuze ubone ukuthi sinomyalezo noma umbhalo omusha.

Ukulindela kungcono kunokuthola - Ucwaningo lokuskena kobuchopho lubonisa ukuthi ubuchopho bethu bubonisa ukugqugquzela okunye kanye nomsebenzi lapho senza i-ANTICIPATE umvuzo kunalokho lapho sithola khona. Ukucwaninga ngamagundane kubonisa ukuthi uma ubhubhisa i-dopamine neurons, amagundane angakwazi ukuhamba, ahlafune futhi agxume, kodwa azobulawa yindlala ngisho nalapho ukudla kulungile eduze kwabo. Balahlekelwe isifiso sokuhamba ukuthola ukudla.

Okuningi, okuningi, okuningi - Nakuba ukufuna nokuthanda kuhlobene, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi uhlelo lwe-dopamine alunayo ukuzakhela. Kungenzeka ukuthi uhlelo lwe-dopamine luqhubeke luthi "okunye okuningi", sifuna ngisho nalapho sithole ulwazi. Phakathi nalokho kuhlola kwe-Google siyazi ukuthi sinempendulo yombuzo esiwubuze ekuqaleni, kepha nokho sithola ukuthi sifuna ulwazi oluningi nokuningi nokuningi.

Okungaqinisekisiwe kuyisihluthulelo - I-Dopamine iphinde ikhuthazwe ngokungalindeleki. Uma kwenzeka okuthile okwakungabonakali kahle, lokho kushukumisa uhlelo lwe-dopamine. Cabanga ngalezi zinto zobuchwepheshe namadivayisi. Ama-imeyili ethu kanye nama-twitters kanye namathekisthi abonakala, kodwa asazi ukuthi bazoba nini noma ukuthi bazovelaphi. Akukwenzeka. Yilokho kanye okugqugquzela uhlelo lwe-dopamine. Yisimiso esifanayo sokusebenzela ukugembula kanye nemishini yokugembula. (Kulabo abakufundela ukuthi "izikole ze-psychologists" zakudala, ungase ukhumbule "amashejuli okuqiniswa okuguquguqukayo." I-Dopamine ibandakanyeke ekuhlelweni okunamandla okuguquguqukayo. Yingakho lezi zinamandla kakhulu).

Uma uzwa "i-ding" enombhalo - Uhlelo lwe-dopamine lubucayi ikakhulukazi "emaceleni" ukuthi umvuzo uzayo. Uma kunesidingo esincane, esicacile esibonisa ukuthi kukhona okuzokwenzeka, lokho kususa uhlelo lwethu lwe-dopamine. Ngakho uma kukhona umsindo lapho umlayezo wombhalo noma i-imeyli ifika, noma ukubonakala okubonakalayo, okuthuthukisa umphumela wokulutha (kubachwepheshe be-psychologist baphandle lapho: khumbula iPavlov).

Izinhlamvu ze-140 zilutha kakhulu - Futhi uhlelo lwe-dopamine lunamandla kakhulu uma ulwazi oluzayo lungencane ukuze lungagculisi. Umbhalo omfushane noma i-twitter (ingaba yizinhlamvu ze-140 kuphela!) Ifaneleka kahle ukuthumela ukuthukuthela kwesistimu yethu ye-dopamine.

Hhayi ngaphandle kwezindleko - Ukuvuselela njalo uhlelo lwesimo se-dopamine kungaba yinkimbinkimbi. Sibanjwa ngephutha elingenamkhawulo we-dopamine loop.

Bhala ukuphawula bese wabelana kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubanjwe kulezi zindebe ze-dopamine nokuthi ngabe ucabanga ukuthi kufanele sisebenzise lokho esikwaziyo mayelana nalezi zindlela ukudala amadivayisi namawebusayithi awakhuthazayo.

Futhi kulabo abathanda ucwaningo:

UKen C. Berridge noTerry E. Robinson, Iyiphi indima yokudopamine ekuzuzeni: umthelela we-hedonic, ukufunda umvuzo, noma ukukhuthazeka ?: Ukubuyekeza kobuchopho, 28, 1998. I-309-369.