IMIBUZO: Lo mbhalo ukhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi labo abanomlutha we-Intanethi baba nokungajwayelekile kobuchopho okufana nalokho okutholakala kubahlukumezi bezidakamizwa. Abaphenyi bathole ukuthi ukuncishiswa okungu-10-20% kuyindaba yegreyithi engaphambili kubantu abasha abanomlutha we-Intanethi. Ubuzenzisi yisikhathi esivamile salolu shintsho esakhiweni sobuchopho. Kuyimpawu yokhiye yazo zonke izinqubo zokulutha. Nasi isifundo: Ukukhubazeka kwe-Microstructure ku-Adolescents nge-Internet Addiction Disorder.
Ngibhalele impikiswano yendoda yotshani eyethulwe yisazi sezinzwa UKarl Friston. Uphakamisa ukuthi ukulahleka kwendaba engwevu ye-cortex engaphambili kungasiza ekudlaleni kepha kunikeza isibonelo (abashayeli bamatekisi baseLondon) okubandakanya okuphambene ngqo - ukwanda kwendaba empunga. Uyehluleka ukuqaphela ukuthi iqembu lokulawula alibonanga lolo shintsho, ngakho-ke lalihambisana namahora aku-inthanethi, nokuthi lezi zinguquko (ukungazenzisi) zilingisa izinguquko ezitholakala kwezinye izidakamizwa.
NguDave Mosher | NgoLwesihlanu, ngo-Juni 17, i-2011
I-Brain scans iveza isikhathi esiningi kakhulu ku-intanethi ihlanganiswe nezinguquko ezingokoqobo ezingqondweni
Izingane zichitha ingxenyana ekhulayo yeminyaka yabo yokuzijabulisa e-inthanethi, futhi kuwumkhuba abawuthwala ngobudala ukuba babe ngabantu abadala. Nokho, ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, ukuthanda uthando nge-intanethi kungase kuqhume ukulawula futhi kube umlutha.
Nakuba izincazelo zokulutha kwezidakamizwa kuyi-intanethi ziphikisana kakhulu phakathi kwabacwaningi, isifundo esisha sichitha ngokusebenzisa izingxabano eziningi kanye namacebiso wokuthi isikhathi esiningi ku-intanethi singakwazi ukubuyisela ebuchosheni ngokomzimba.
Umsebenzi, owashicilelwa ngoJuni 3 ku-PLoS ONE, uphakamisa ukuba umlutha kwe-Intanethi okuzihlola, ikakhulukazi ngemidlalo yabadlali abaningi online, uvuselela izakhiwo ezijulile ebuchosheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udaba lobuchopho obusezingeni eliphezulu lubonakala lincipha ngokuhambisana nesikhathi sokulutha nge-inthanethi.
“Ngingamangala uma ukudlala imidlalo eku-inthanethi amahora ayishumi kuya kwayi-10 ngosuku kungashintshi ubuchopho,” kusho isazi sezinzwa uNora Volkow weNational Institute on Drug Abuse, owayengabandakanyeki ocwaningweni. “Isizathu esenza ukuba umlutha we-Intanethi kungabi yisifo esaziwa kabanzi ukungabi bikho kobufakazi besayensi. Izifundo ezinjengalezi yizo kanye ezidingekayo ukuze kubhekwe futhi kubekwe emigomweni yayo yokuxilongwa, ”uma kuyinkinga nhlobo, esho. *
Ukuchaza umlutha
Okuchazwe ngokukhululekile, ukulutheka yisifo sobuchopho esiphoqa umuntu ukuthi acabange ngokweqile, athole futhi ahlukumeze okuthile, yize kunemiphumela emibi kwezempilo noma kwezenhlalo. Futhi izincazelo "zokulutha nge-inthanethi" zisebenzisa i-gamut, kepha abacwaningi abaningi bayichaza ngokufanayo njengokusebenzisa ngokweqile (ngisho okweqile) kwe-Intanethi okuthikameza isigqi sempilo yansuku zonke.
Kodwa ngokungafani nokulutha kwezidakamizwa ezidakamizwa ezifana nezidakamizwa noma i-nicotine, izidakamizwa zokuziphatha kwi-intanethi, ukudla, ukuthengwa ngisho nokuya ocansini kuyithinta phakathi kwabacwaningi bezokwelapha nabachopho. Ukugembula kubonakala kuhloswe ukuba kwenziwe ekulandeleni okulandelayo kweNcwadi yokuThola nokuThathaniswa kweMental Disorders, noma i-DSM, iBhayibheli elibhekwa emhlabeni wonke lezinto ezingahle lihambisane nobuchopho.
Noma kunjalo, izizwe zase-Asia azilindeli ukuchazwa kwendawo yonke yokuhlukunyezwa kwe-Internet, noma i-IAD.
I-China ibhekwa ngabaningi ukuba bobabili abayisigqila sokulutha kwe-inthanethi nomholi ocwaningweni le nkinga. Njengamaphesenti angu-14 ezintsha ezisemadolobheni lapho-ezinye izingane eziyi-24 million-zivumelanisa lo mthethosivivinywa njengezigqila ze-Inthanethi, ngokusho kweChina Youth Internet Association.
Ngokuqhathanisa, i-US ingabona izinga lokulutha kwe-intanethi ezintsha ezisemadolobheni ezizungeze i-5 kuya kuma-10 amaphesenti, ithi izazi zezinkanyezi kanye nabacwaningi be-Kai Yuan no-Wei Qin we-Xidian University eChina.
Ububanzi benkinga yaseChina ekuqaleni bungabonakala bungajwayelekile, kepha hhayi ngokwesiko lamaShayina, kusho usosayensi wezinzwa uKaren M. von Deneen, naye waseXidian University nongumbhali ocwaningweni.
Abazali nabantwana babhekene nokucindezelwa okukhulu ukuba benze emsebenzini nasemasontweni, kodwa amathilomu angatholakali e-intanethi agxile ekhoneni kumabhuloki amaningi. Ngaphakathi, izinto zangempela zemidlalo ze-intanethi njenge-World of Warcraft zilindele futhi zivumele noma ubani ukuthi ahlole iqiniso.
“Abantu baseMelika abanaso isikhathi esiningi somuntu siqu, kodwa amaShayina abonakala sengathi anaso nesincane isikhathi. Basebenza amahora ayi-12 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyisithupha ngesonto. Basebenza kanzima kakhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi i-Intanethi iba ukuphunyuka kwabo okukhulu kakhulu futhi okuwukuphela kwabo, ”ngokusho kuka-von Deneen. “Emidlalweni eku-inthanethi ungaba yiqhawe, wakhe imibuso futhi uzicwilise emqondweni. Leyo ndlela yokuphunyuka iyona edonsa abantu abasha. ”
Ngaphandle kokubona kwabazali, ezinye izingane zasekolishi ziqhubeka nomhume wokuphunyuka kwe-intanethi noma zisebenzise imidlalo ukuze zithole izinsiza ku-game futhi zizithengise ezweni langempela. Kulolu daba lwakamuva abagadi bejele baseShayina kuthiwa baphoqelelwa iziboshwa ukuba bahambe kulo mkhuba wokugcina ukuguqula igolide ledijithali libe yikhiqiza.
Izifundo eziningana zixhumanise ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi ngokuzithandela nangokweqile ekucindezelekeni, ukusebenza kabi esikoleni, ukukhuphuka ukucasuka kanye nomfutho ongaphezulu wokuya ku-inthanethi (kuphazamisa imizamo yabalutha, uma befuna nhlobo, ukuyeka ukuthela isikhathi esiningi ngokweqile emidlalweni eku-inthanethi). Ukufunda ngemiphumela yokulutha kwe-Intanethi ebuchosheni, abacwaningi baqala nge-Young Diagnostic Questionnaire yokulutha kwe-Intanethi.
Lokhu kuhlolwa kokuzihlola, okwenziwe ngo-1998 ngudokotela wezifo zengqondo uKimberly Young waseSanta Bonaventure University eNew York State, kuyizinga elingavumelekile phakathi kwabaphenyi bezidakamizwa ze-Inthanethi, futhi inemibuzo eyisishiyagalombili ethi yebo-noma-cha eyenzelwe ukwehlukanisa imilutha ye-inthanethi kulabo ingaphatha ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwe-Intanethi. (Imibuzo isukela kokuthi, “Ngabe usebenzisa i-Intanethi njengendlela yokubalekela izinkinga noma yokuqeda ukukhathazeka?” Kuya kokuthi “Ingabe uthathe ingozi yokulahlekelwa ubuhlobo obubalulekile, umsebenzi, ithuba lokufunda noma lomsebenzi ngenxa ye-Intanethi? ”.)
I-based based e-China ithimba lokucwaninga lithatha abafundi be-18 ekolishi abanelisekile ngokweqile, futhi lezi zihloko zathi zichitha amahora angu-10 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyisithupha ngesonto ukudlala imidlalo ye-intanethi. Abacwaningi baphinde bakhethe izilawuli eziphilile ze-18 ezachitha amahora angaphansi kwamahora amabili ngosuku (inombolo ephansi ngokungavamile, kusho u-von Deneen). Zonke lezi zihloko zabe sezifakwe emshinini we-MRI ukuze zibe nezinhlobo ezimbili zobuciko bobuchopho.
Ukumuncwa kwengqondo
Iqoqo elilodwa lezithombe ligxile ezintweni ezimpunga ebusweni obumbimbi bobuchopho, noma i-cortex, lapho kusetshenzwa khona ukukhuluma, inkumbulo, ukulawulwa kwezimoto, imizwa, izinzwa nolunye ulwazi. Ithimba locwaningo lenze lolu datha lwenze lula ngokusebenzisa i-voxel-based morphometry, noma i-VBM-inqubo ephula ubuchopho kumaphikseli we-3-D nezimvume eziqhathanisa ukulinganisa izibalo zobuningi bobuchopho kubantu.
Abaphenyi bathola izifunda ezincane eziningana ebuchosheni bezilutha eziku-inthanethi ezishwabene, kwezinye izimo kakhulu njenge-10 kuya kuma-20 amaphesenti. Izifunda ezithintekile zifaka phakathi i-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, i-rostral anterior cingate cortex, indawo eyengeziwe yezimoto nezingxenye ze-cerebellum.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhathi eside somlutha, lapho kuncishiswa kakhulu ukuncipha kwezicubu. Ababhali besifundo basikisela ukuthi lokhu kuncipha kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi, njengokunciphiswa kokuvinjelwa kokuziphatha okungafanele kanye nokwehla komgomo wezinhloso.
Kepha isazi sezinzwa ze-imaging uKarl Friston wase-University College London, owasiza ukuphayona inqubo ye-VBM, uthi ukuncipha kwendaba empunga akuyona into embi. “Umphumela weqise impela, kodwa akumangazi uma ucabanga ngobuchopho njengesicubu,” kusho uFriston, owayengabandakanyeki ocwaningweni. “Ubuchopho bethu bukhula kahle kuze kube yintsha yethu esencane, bese siqala ukuthena izindawo zokuthambisa ukuze zisebenze kahle. Ngakho-ke lezi zindawo zingabhekelwa nje ekubeni ngumdlali omuhle we-inthanethi, futhi zenzelwe lokho. ”
(UFriston uthi abashayeli bamatekisi baseLondon banikeza isibonelo esihle sokuqhathanisa ikhono lobuchopho lokuzakha kabusha ngesipiliyoni. Ocwaningweni lwango-2006, abacwaningi baqhathanisa ubuchopho babashayeli bamatekisi nobabashayeli bamabhasi. Owokuqala wakhombisa ukukhuphuka kwezindaba ezimpunga ku-hippocampi yabo engemuva— isifunda esixhunyaniswe nokuzulazula kwendawo nenkumbulo efana nendawo yemephu. Lokho cishe akumangazi kuma-cabbi aseLondon, achitha iminyaka ebamba ngekhanda uhlelo lwe-labyrinthine lwemigwaqo engu-25,000 XNUMX, kuyilapho abashayeli bamabhasi beye bahlela imizila.)
Njengenye ingxenye ebalulekile ekutadisheni okusha kwi-inthanethi, iqembu lezocwaningo lithengiswa ngezicubu ezijulile ebuchosheni obubizwa ngokuthi indaba emhlophe, ehlanganisa izifunda zayo ezihlukahlukene. Izikrini zabonisa ukunyuka kwamanani emhlophe emgodini we-parahippocampal gyrus, indawo ehlanganiswe nokubunjwa kwememori nokubuyiswa. Kwesinye indawo esibizwa ngokuthi i-posterior side leg of the capsule yangaphakathi, ehlangene nemisebenzi yokucabangela kanye neyomsebenzi, ubuciko bezindaba ezimhlophe buye buhambisana nalokho okunye kobuchopho.
Ukuphazamiseka okwakhiwa
Okushiwo yizinguquko zombili ezimhlophe nezimpunga zibonisa ukuthi zibukhali, kodwa ithimba locwaningo linemiqondo ethile.
Ukungafani kwemininingwane emhlophe ku-gyrus ye-parahippocampal efanele kungenza kube nzima ukuba izilonda ze-Inthanethi zigcine futhi zithole ulwazi okwesikhashana, uma isifundo samuva sifanele. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ukunciphisa indaba emhlophe ngakwesobunxele kwesigungu esingaphansi kwamandla kungangonakalisa amakhono wokwenza izinqumo-kuhlanganise nalabo okufanele bacilise isifiso sokuhlala ku-inthanethi babuyele ezweni langempela. Imithelela yesikhathi eside yalezi zinguquko zobuchopho ezingokwenyama zisho nakancane. U-Rebecca Goldin, isazi sezibalo seGeorge Mason University kanye nomqondisi wezocwaningo lwe-STATS, uthi ukutadisha kwakamuva kuyinto enkulu ekuthuthukiseni umsebenzi ofanayo oshicilelwe ku-2009. Kulesi sifundo esidala iqembu elithile locwaningo lithola izinguquko ku-grey indaba ezindaweni ezibucayi zama-addicts e-inthanethi.
Kodwa ngokusho kukaGoldin, isifundo asizange sibe nokulawula okuthembekile.
Amasayizi wesampula wazo zombili izifundo ayemancane — ngaphansi kwezifundo ezingama-20 zokuhlola ngasinye. Yize kunjalo uFriston uthi amasu asetshenzisiwe ukuhlaziya ukuminyana kwezicubu zobuchopho esifundweni esisha anzima ngokweqile. “Kuphambana nomuzwa, kepha awudingi usayizi omkhulu wesampula. Ukuthi imiphumela ikhombisa noma yini ebalulekile kunakho konke, ”kusho uFriston.
Ekugcineni bonke abacwaningi okwaxoxwa nabo yiScientific American bagcizelela ukubaluleka kuphela kuze kube manje ekwenzeni icala le-IAD njengesifo sangempela esinemiphumela ehlukile ebuchosheni. "Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi imiphumela iqinisekiswe, kunokumane nje kube imininingwane yezimayini yanoma yini engatholakala," kusho uGoldin.
Ukulungiswa (06/17/11): Le ndaba ivuselelwe lonke ukulungisa isipelingi sesibongo sikaKaren von Deneen.
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