Imiphumela ye-dopamine icaca kakhulu lapho ubuchopho buthola okuncane kakhulu, njengoba kunjalo ngesifo sikaParkinson. Ukungalingani kwe-dopamine kuholela ekuphazamisekeni okuhlukahlukene kwezinzwa - ikakhulukazi ukunyakaza - kepha futhi namakhono engqondo. Isikhungo sethu esiyinhloko sokuqonda, i-prefrontal cortex, esiyisebenzisela ukucabanga okungaqondakali, izinqumo ezisekelwe emithethweni kanye neziphetho ezinengqondo, sinikezwa kakhulu nge-dopamine. Ngaphandle kokubaluleka okukhulu kwezokwelapha, sazi okuncane ngemiphumela ye-dopamine ekusetshenzisweni kolwazi ngama-neurons ebuchosheni obuphilile.
Ukuhlola lokhu, abacwaningi baqeqesha izinkawu ze-rhesus ukuxazulula izinkinga ezinkulu zezibalo "ezinkulu kune" kanye "ezingaphansi". Ukusuka kolunye ucwaningo lwakamuva, abacwaningi babazi ukuthi ama-neuron athile ku-prefrontal cortex ayiphendula imibuzo enjalo - ingxenye eyodwa yalezi "rule cell" yenziwe yasebenza kuphela lapho kusetshenziswa umthetho "omkhulu kuno", kanti enye ingxenye yenziwe yasebenza kuphela lapho kuno ”kusetshenziswe umthetho.
Ngaleso sikhathi, amanani amancane ezinto ezahlukahlukene ayekhululwa eduzane namaseli athintekayo. Lezi zinto zingaba nomphumela ofanayo ne-dopamine - noma umphumela ophambene - futhi zingakhangiswa ngama-neurop abukhali be-dopamine. Umphumela omangazayo ukuthi ukukhuthaza uhlelo lwe-dopamine ivumele "amaseli wokubusa" ukuthi asebenze kangcono futhi ahlukanise ngokucacile phakathi kwemithetho "emikhulu kune" kanye "nemincane kune". I-Dopamine ibe nomthelela omuhle kwikhwalithi yomsebenzi "wamaseli wokubusa".
Ucwaningo lunikeza ukuqonda okusha kokuthi i-dopamine izithonya kanjani izinqubo zokucabanga ezingabonakali ezidingekayo, ngokwesibonelo, ukusebenzisa imithetho elula yezibalo. "Ngalokhu okutholakele, sesiqala ukuqonda nje ukuthi amangqamuzana ezinzwa asecortex yangaphambili akhiqiza kanjani ukuziphatha okuyinkimbinkimbi, okuqondiswe emigomweni," kusho u-Ott. Kanye nokuqonda okungcono kwezisekelo ze ukucubungula ulwazi kule ngxenye ebalulekile yobuchopho, imiphumela ingaba nokubaluleka kwezokwelapha. “Lemininingwane emisha isisiza ukuba siqonde kangcono imiphumela yemithi ethile engasetshenziswa ngokwesibonelo ezimeni zokuphazamiseka okukhulu kwengqondo,” kusho uSolwazi Nieder, “ngoba leyo mithi inomthelela i-dopamine ukulinganisela ku i-prefrontal cortex ngezindlela esingaziqondi kahle kuze kube manje. ”
Hlola okuqhubekayo: Abaphenyi bathola uthayi we-epigenetic kwezinkinga ze-neuropsychiatric
Ukwaziswa okwengeziwe: UTorben Ott, uSimon N. Jacob, no-Andreas Nieder: “Izamukeli zeDopamine Zithuthukisa Ngokuhlukile Ithuthukisa Ukubhalwa Kwekhodi ku-Primate Prefrontal Cortex Neurons.” I-Neuron, I-Online Early Edition, i-4 Dec. 2014. I-DOI: 10.1016 / j.neuron.2014.11.012
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