Amazwana e-YBOP: Ucwaningo olwenze inhlolovo kwabesifazane abangama-674 base-Polish abafuna ukwelashwa Nge-Compulsive Sexual Behaviour.
Izibikezelo Zokuziphatha Kocansi Okuphoqelekile Phakathi Kwabesifazane Abafuna Ukwelashwa
abstract
Background
I-Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder okwamanje ifakiwe ekubuyekezweni kweshumi nanye okuzayo Ukuhlukaniswa Kwezifo Zomhlaba Wonke (ICD-11); kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwangaphambili luye lwenziwa ikakhulukazi kumasampula abesilisa abamhlophe/abaseYurophu.
Aim
Ukuhlola ama-correlates of compulsive sexual behaviors (CSB) anezici ze-sociodemographic nezocansi, kanye nezibikezelo ze-CSB kusampula yabesifazane basePoland abafuna ukwelashwa.
izindlela
Abesifazane abangamakhulu ayisithupha namashumi ayisikhombisa nane (674) basePoland abaneminyaka engu-18–66 baphothule ucwaningo olusekelwe ku-inthanethi.
imiPhumela
Ukuguqulwa kwesiPolish kwe Ukuphuza ngokweqile Ukuhlola Ukuhlola-Kubuyekeziwe (SAST-PL) yasetshenziselwa ukuhlola ubukhali bezimpawu ze-CSB. Isikrini Esingcolile Sezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile yayisetshenziselwa ukukala ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile okuyinkinga. Ukuhlotshaniswa kwe-bivariate phakathi kwezikolo ze-SAST-PL nezici zomlando wezocansi kanye nezibalo zabantu nazo zahlolwa. A ukuhlaziywa kokuhlehla komugqa kwenziwa ukukhomba okuguquguqukayo okuhlobene nobukhulu bezimpawu ze-CSB.
Imiphumela
Amaphesenti angamashumi amathathu nanye (31.8%) abesifazane kusampula esifundwe babike ukwelashwa befuna i-CSB esikhathini esidlule. Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile okuyinkinga kwakuyisibikezelo esiqine kakhulu sezimpawu ze-CSB. Ukuqina okuphezulu kwezimpawu ze-CSB kwabonwa phakathi kwabesifazane abahlukanisile/abahlukanisiwe nabangashadile uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo ababeshadile noma abasebudlelwaneni obungakahleleki. Ubukhulu be-CSB babuhlobene kahle nenani labalingani bobulili phakathi nonyaka odlule, inombolo yocansi lwe-dyadic phakathi nezinsuku zokugcina ze-7, futhi lihlotshaniswa kabi neminyaka yobudala bokuqala ocansini.
Imiphumela Yomtholampilo
Imiphumela yethu iphakamisa ukuthi i-CSB iyinkinga enkulu phakathi kwabesifazane futhi ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuze kutholakale ukuzivikela (isb, isimo sobudlelwane) nobungozi (isb., ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile okuyinkinga, inani labalingani bobulili bonyaka odlule, imvamisa yesonto elidlule lokushaya indlwabu) izici ezihlobene Ukuqina kophawu lwe-CSB phakathi kwabesifazane abafuna ukwelashwa.
Amandla nokulinganiselwa
Ucwaningo lwethu lungenye yezimbalwa ezimbalwa eziphenyayo ze-CSB phakathi kwabesifazane. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuntuleka kwezilinganiso eziqondile zokusabalala, kanye nokuntuleka kwamathuluzi aqinisekisiwe ngokwengqondo alinganisa i-CSB kwabesifazane, okutholakele okwamanje akufanele kubhekwe njengokubonisa ukusabalala kwe-CSB phakathi kwabesifazane basePoland.
Isiphetho
Ukuntuleka kwedatha yomtholampilo kwabesifazane ababika izinkinga nge-CSB kusalokhu kuyimpokophelo ebalulekile yokuhlolwa kocwaningo lomtholampilo lwesikhathi esizayo.
Kowalewska E, Gola M, Lew-Starowicz M, et al. Izibikezelo Zokuziphatha Kocansi Okuphoqelekile Phakathi Kwabesifazane Abafuna Ukwelashwa. I-Sex Med 2022;XXX:XXXXXX.
Words Key
Isingeniso
Muva nje, ososayensi nodokotela baye bazwakalisa ukukhathazeka ngokuntuleka kokumelela ubulili ezifundweni ezihlola i-etiology yokuziphatha okuyinkinga kocansi.1 Eminyakeni engu-20 edlule, indikimba yezincwadi iye yavela ehlongoza izindlela zethiyori njengokuziphatha okuphoqelekile kocansi,2, 3, 4, 5 hypersexuality,6, 7, 8 ukuziphatha kocansi okungalawuleki,9 ukulutha ngokocansi noma ukuncika ngokocansi,10, 11, 12 nezocansi ukungaziphathi kahle.13, 14, 15 Emakhulwini ocwaningo ashicilelwe eminyakeni engu-20 edlule ehlola ukuziphatha okuyinkinga kocansi kubantu abahlukahlukene, amasampula amaningi aqashiwe ahlanganisa amadoda amaningi aMhlophe/aseYurophu, abathanda ubulili obuhlukile.1
Ngo-2019, i-Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) yafakwa ngokusemthethweni kuhlelo oluzayo lwe-11 lwe- Ukuhlukaniswa Kwezifo Zomhlaba Wonke (ICD-11; 6C72), futhi ngokusho kweWorld Health Organization16 Incazelo ibonakala ngephethini ephikelelayo yokwehluleka ukulawula izifiso zocansi noma izifiso ezinamandla, eziholela ekuziphatheni kocansi okuphindaphindiwe esikhathini eside (isb., izinyanga ezingu-6 noma ngaphezulu) okudala ukucindezeleka okuphawulekayo noma ukukhubazeka komuntu siqu, umndeni, umphakathi, imfundo, umsebenzi, noma ezinye izindawo ezibalulekile zokusebenza.17 Isinqumo se-WHO ngokungangabazeki siyisinyathelo esikhulu ekuqondeni i-CSBD njengokuphazamiseka okuhlukile,1 nakuba imibuzo isasele mayelana nokuhlukaniswa kwe-CSBD njengenkinga yokulawula umfutho enikezwe idatha yokuqala egqamisa ukufana kwezinqubo ze-neuronal ze-CSBD kwezinye izidakamizwa,3,5,18 imibono ehlongozwayo,17,19,20 kanye nokungenelela kokwelapha okungaba khona.21, 22, 23, 24
Ngenkathi ehlaziya imiphumela yophenyo lwesayensi kuze kube manje, uKowalewska nozakwabo25 kuphawulwe ukuthi izifundo eziningi (ngaphezulu kwama-99%) ezihlola i-CSBD emitholampilo nasemphakathini zakhiwe ngamadoda athandana nobulili obuhlukile. Ngemva kokubuyekeza izifundo ezingu-58 ezihlanganisa abesifazane, imiphumela yaphakamisa ukuthi ukuqina kophawu lwe-Compulsive sexual behaviour (CSB) ngokuvamile kuphansi kwabesifazane uma kuqhathaniswa namadoda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane babike ukuthi badla izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kaningi kunamadoda futhi babonise amazinga aphansi okuzwa izifiso kulezi zinto. Izimpawu ze-CSB (kuhlanganise nokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile okuyinkinga) nazo zatholakala zihlobene kahle nesici ukucabanga kwengqondo, ukuthatheka, ukufuna imizwa, ukushoda/izimpawu ze-hyperactivity disorder, i-obsessive-compulsive disorder, ukuthengwa kwe-pathological, ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi, i-general psychopathology, ukuhlukunyezwa kwezingane ngokocansi, kuyilapho kuhlobene kabi nokuziphatha ukucabanga.25
Njengoba kunikezwe izikhala zobulili ezikhona ekuqondeni i-etiology yokuziphatha kocansi okuyinkinga (kuhlanganise ne-CSBD) kwabesifazane, ucwaningo lwamanje lufuna ukulungisa lezi zinkinga ngokuhlola kabanzi ukuhlobana kwe-CSB nezici zomlando wezenhlalo nezocansi kusampula yesiPolish efuna ukwelashwa. abesifazane. Ikakhulukazi, ngenxa yokuthi sisebenzise uhlu lwemibuzo lokuzibika olungasuselwe kuhlelo lokuxilonga lwe-CSBD oluphakanyiswe yi-WHO ngo-2019, ngakho-ke, sizame ukuhlola izibikezelo ze-'compulsive sex behaviour (CSB)' phakathi kwabesifazane.
Esigabeni sokuqasha, asizange sihlole ukuhambisana nemibandela ye-ICD-11, sasebenzisa uhlu lwemibuzo ukukala ukuqina kwezimpawu ze-CSB. Siyawubona umkhawulo wokusebenzisa isilinganiso sokuzibika esibalulwe ekuhloleni izimpawu zokulutheka kwezocansi10, 11, 12 kodwa kholelwa ukuthi imiphumela yamanje ingasetshenziswa ukuhlonza izici ezishiwo izimpawu ze-CSB. Ngakho-ke, sizosebenzisa igama elithi CSB esikhundleni se-CSBD kulesi sihloko, nakuba singazi ukuthi bangaki abesifazane abahlangabezane nenqubo ye-ICD-11. Uma kubhekwa uhlobo lokuhlola lwalolu cwaningo, kwenziwa ukuhlaziya ukuze kukhiqizwe imibono ecatshangelwayo yocwaningo lwangomuso.
Indlela yokusebenzisa
Abahlanganyeli nenqubo
Amakhulu ayisithupha namashumi ayisikhombisa nane (n = 674) Abesifazane abamhlophe, basePoland abaneminyaka engu-18-66 (Mage= 29.36; SDage=8.13) baqashwe ngocwaningo olusekelwe ku-inthanethi oluqoqa ulwazi mayelana nemvamisa yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-CSB phakathi kwabesifazane kanye nesithombe sabo somtholampilo esibanzi. Ucwaningo lwaluphinde lube isimemo sokubamba iqhaza kuphrojekthi ye-longitudinal okuhloswe ngayo ukuhlola ukuthi ukuqeqeshwa kwengqondo kuholela ekunciphiseni izimpawu ze-CSB. Lapho kungena, abaphendulayo baziswe ngenjongo yocwaningo futhi banikezwa imvume enolwazi ngogesi. Imibandela yokufakwa kwakungowesifazane, oneminyaka engu-18 noma ngaphezulu, eya ocansini ngonyaka odlule (okuhlanganisa ubulili obungavamile kanye nemikhuba yodwa - okungukuthi, ukushaya indlwabu), futhi uhlangabezana nobunzima nge-CSB ezingeni elizimele futhi ufuna ukwelashwa ngenxa yalezi zinkinga. Idatha yaqoqwa kusukela ngoJulayi 2019 kuya kuJanuwari 2020. Kwabesifazane abayi-1241 abavule inhlolovo, abangama-936 bayigcwalise ingxenye, futhi abangama-674 baphothula lonke ucwaningo oluhlinzeka ngemininingwane eyanele ukuze kuhlaziywe.
Izindlela
Izibalo zabantu
Kutholwe imininingwane yezibalo zabahlanganyeli njengeminyaka yobudala, isimo somshado, izinga lemfundo kanye nomsebenzi.
Umsebenzi wezocansi
Ababambiqhaza bacelwe ukuthi banikeze ulwazi ngemisebenzi yocansi echazwa njenganoma imuphi umsebenzi wocansi - ukuba yedwa (isb, ukushaya indlwabu, ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe ezingcolile) noma i-dyadic (isb., ucansi lozakwethu, ukukhuthazwa ocansini okuhlanganisa ukudlala ngaphambili/ukuphululana, ucansi lomlomo, ucansi lwangasese, noma ucansi olungena ngemuva) lokho ivusa inkanuko yocansi. Ngokuqondile, okuqukethwe kwemibuzo ethintekayo: ukuqala kokuya ocansini kokuqala, inombolo yabalingani bobulili bonyaka odlule, ukuqala (okungukuthi, iminyaka) yokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, nenombolo yocansi oluyindida, ukubukwa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, kanye nokuvama kokushaya indlwabu esikhathini esidlule 7 izinsuku.
Udinga usizo lwangaphambili lwe-CSB
Sihlole ukufuna usizo kwabesifazane ngolwazi lwe-CSB ngokubacela ukuthi bakhombise u-'Yebo' noma 'Cha' embuzweni olandelayo: 'Wake wafuna usizo lochwepheshe mayelana nokuziphatha kwakho kocansi okuphoqelekile?'.
Inguqulo yesi-Polish ye-Sexual Addiction Screening Test-Revised (SAST-PL)
I-SAST-PL26 iyithuluzi eliqinisekisiwe ngokwengqondo elilinganisa i-CSB ngokusekelwe kumqondo wokuluthwa ucansi.10 Uhlu lwemibuzo lwezinto ze-20 luqukethe ama-subscales angu-5: Ukuphazamiseka Okuthintayo, Ukuphazamiseka Kobudlelwane, Ukukhathazeka, Ukulahlekelwa Ukulawula, Izici Ezihambisanayo. Abaphenduli bacelwa ukuthi baphendule into ngayinye ngokuphendula 'Yebo' noma 'Cha.' Amaphuzu aphezulu ahlobene nokuqina kwezimpawu ze-CSB. I-SAST-PL ibonakala ngokwethembeka okuphezulu (α = 0.90).
Isikrini Esingcolile Sezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile (BPS)
I-BPS iyithuluzi lokuhlola lezinto ezingu-5 elikala ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile okuyinkinga (PPU).27 Abaphendulayo balinganisela isitatimende ngasinye ngokuphendula umbuzo wokuthi ezinyangeni eziyisi-6 zenzeke kangaki esikalini samaphuzu angu-3 (0 = Angikaze; 1 = Ngezinye izikhathi; 3 = Kaningi Kakhulu). I-BPS yaqale yaqinisekiswa ezifundweni ezinhlanu ezizimele kubantu abadala baseMelika nabasePoland (α kusuka ku-0.90 kuye ku-0.92). Izikolo ku-BPS zisukela ku-0 kuye ku-10 ngevelu elinqunyiwe elingu-4 elibonisa i-PPU engenzeka.
Ukuhlaziya kwesitatimende
Okokuqala, sasebenzisa i-Pearson Product correlations, i-Welch t-ukuhlola kanye nama-ANOVA endlela eyodwa ukuhlola izinhlangano phakathi kwenani eliphelele le-SAST-PL kanye nezibalo zabantu kanye izici zocansi. Okulandelayo, senza a ukuhlaziywa kokuhlehla komugqa ukukhomba okuguquguqukayo okuhlobene nokuqina kwezimpawu ze-CSB (zihlolwe yi-SAST-PL). Konke ukuhlaziya kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-SPSS-23 (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0).
Ethics
Zonke izinqubo kulolu cwaningo zenziwe ngokuhambisana neSimemezelo sase-Helsinki. Ikomiti Lokuziphatha Lokucwaninga leNyuvesi ye-SWPS eWarsaw ligunyaze lolu cwaningo. Bonke ababambiqhaza baziswe mayelana nobubanzi bocwaningo, futhi bonke banikeze imvume yokwaziswa neyokuzithandela nge-elekthronikhi.
Imiphumela
Kwabesifazane abangama-674, ama-57.4% (n = 387) uthole amaphuzu angu-6 noma ngaphezulu ku-SAST-PL,26 inkomba ye-CSB, kanye ne-73.3% (n = 494) yesampula ithole amaphuzu angu-4 noma ngaphezulu kuzimpawu zokulinganisa ze-BPS zokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile okuyinkinga.27
Ithebula 1 ibonisa izinhlangano ezihlukene phakathi kwenani eliphelele le-SAST-PL kanye nezici zenhlalo yabantu kanye nezici zomlando wezocansi. Ngokukhethekile, sithole ukuhlobana okuhle phakathi kwenani eliphelele le-SAST-PL kanye nenani eliphelele le-BPS (r = 0.59, P < .001), inombolo yabalingani bocansi bonyaka odlule (r = 0.34, P < .001), kanye nenombolo yeviki eledlule (izinsuku ezingu-7) ucansi oluyisimangaliso (r = 0.15, P < .01). Ukuhlobana okungekuhle kwenzeke phakathi kwenani eliphelele le-SAST-PL neminyaka yabahlanganyeli (r = -0.08, P < .05), ukuqala kokuya ocansini kokuqala (r = -0.24, P < .001), kanye nokuqala kokuchayeka kwezithombe zocansi (r = -0.23, P <.001]. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane ngesikhathi sesehlukaniso, ngokwehlukana noma abangashadile bathole amaphuzu aphezulu kakhulu ku-SAST-PL (M = 7.67, SD = 4.79) uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo ababeshadile noma abahlobene ngokungekho emthethweni (M = 6.48, SD = 4.37), [t(672) = 3.26, P < .001, Cohen's d = 0.26].
Ithebula 1. Izici zomlando wohlobo lwabantu nezocansi ezihlobene nesikolo sabesifazane se-SAST-R (n = 674)
| Iseli Elingenalutho | Iseli Elingenalutho | Isikolo se-SAST-R |
|---|---|---|
| Izici zokufunda | %/M (SD) | r or t/F |
| Ukuhlolwa Kokuhlolwa Kwemilutha Yocansi - Kubuyekeziwe (SAST-R)† Ayihlangabezani nesinqamuleli Ukuhlangabezana nokunqunywa | 6.91 (4.55) 42.6% 57.4% | - |
| Isikrini Esingcolile Sezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile (BPS)† Ayihlangabezani nesinqamuleli Ukuhlangabezana nokunqunywa | 2.75 (2.96) 26.7% 73.3% | r = 0.59⁎⁎⁎ |
| Ubudala | 29.36 (8.13) | r = −0.08* |
| Isimo sobudlelwane Ubudlelwane obushadile noma obungakahleleki Ngesikhathi sesehlukaniso, ngokwehlukana, noma ongashadile | 64.1% 35.9% | t = 3.26⁎⁎⁎ (UCohen's d = 0.26) |
| Izinga lemfundo Isikole esiphakeme noma ngaphansi Ikolishi (usesesikoleni) Iziqu noma i-postgraduate degree | 25.7% 18.5% 53.0% | F = 6.82⁎⁎⁎ (UCohen's f = 0.13) |
| yokuvinjezelwa Isikhathi esigcwele noma itoho Umfundi/Ongasebenzi | 73.0% 27.0% | t = −0.90 |
| Ukufuna usizo kwangaphambili ngenxa ye-CSB Yebo Cha | 31.8% 68.2% | t = −5.38⁎⁎⁎ (UCohen's d = 0.45) |
| Ukuqala kokuya ocansini kokuqala | N = 652 17.83 (3.02) | r = −0.24⁎⁎⁎ |
| Inombolo yabalingani bocansi ngonyaka odlule | N = 558 3.28 (5.45) | r = 0.34⁎⁎⁎ |
| Inombolo yocansi olungajwayelekile ngeviki eledlule (izinsuku eziyi-7) | N = 430 3.21 (3.45) | r = 0.15⁎⁎ |
| Ukuqala kokuchayeka kwezithombe zocansi | N = 649 12.75 (4.37) | r = −0.23⁎⁎⁎ |
| Isikhathi esichithwe kuzithombe zocansi phakathi nesonto eledlule (izinsuku eziyi-7) None Imizuzu engama-59 noma ngaphansi Imizuzu ye-60-119 Imizuzu eyi-120 nangaphezulu | 50.0% 24.0% 11.6% 14.1% | F = 33.69⁎⁎⁎ (UCohen's f = 0.38) |
| Inani lokushaya indlwabu ngeviki eledlule (izinsuku eziyi-7) | N = 516 3.89 (3.82) | r = 0.35⁎⁎⁎ |
- ⁎
P <.05.
- ⁎⁎
P <.01.
- ⁎⁎⁎
P <.001.
Qaphela. Izinto ezigqamile zahlala zibalulekile ngokwezibalo ngemva kokulungiswa kwephutha lohlobo loku-1.
- †
Izikolo ezisikiwe zisuselwe ocwaningweni okufaka phakathi ababambiqhaza besilisa.
Omunye umehluko obalulekile wenzeke esimweni sezinga lemfundo, abesifazane ababika esikoleni esiphakeme noma imfundo encane bathole amaphuzu aphezulu kakhulu e-SAST-PL (M = 7.60, SD = 4.41), kulandele abesifazane ekolishi abathole amaphuzu aphansi kancane (M = 7.54, SD = 4.37), futhi okokugcina, abesifazane abaneziqu noma i-postgraduate degree banenani eliphansi kunazo zonke le-SAST-PL (M = 6.27, SD = 4.59), [F(2,652) = 6.82, P = .001, Cohen's f = 0.13]. Njengoba kwenzeka, abesifazane abafuna usizo lwesikhathi esidlule lwe-CSB bathola amaphuzu aphezulu kakhulu ku-SAST-PL (M = 8.26, SD = 5.04) uma kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane ababengazange bafune usizo esikhathini esidlule (M = 6.28, SD = 4.17), [t(672) = -5.38, P < .001, Cohen's d = 0.45]. Ekugcineni, isikhathi esiningi abesifazane abasichitha bebuka izithombe zocansi phakathi nesonto eledlule (izinsuku ezingu-7), amaphuzu aphezulu abawathole ku-SAST-PL [F(3,668) = 33.69, P < .001, Cohen's f = 0.38]. Ngokuqondile, abesifazane abebengabuki izithombe zocansi ngesonto eledlule bathole amaphuzu amaphakathi we-5.59 (SD=4.21), elandelwa yilabo ababukele izithombe zobulili ezingcolile imizuzu engu-59 noma ngaphansi - 6.93 (SD = 4.27), abesifazane abachitha imizuzu engu-60–119 bebuka izithombe zocansi - 8.26 (SD = 4.07), futhi ekugcineni, abesifazane abazinikele imizuzu eyi-120 noma ngaphezulu ekusebenziseni izithombe zobulili ezingcolile - 10.32 (SD = 4.51). Asitholanga ukuhlobana phakathi kwenani eliphelele le-SAST-PL nesimo somsebenzi.
Okokugcina, elula komugqa ekuhlehleni kwenziwa ukuze kuhlonzwe izibikezelo ze-CSB njengoba zihlolwe yi-SAST-PL (njengamaphuzu aqhubekayo) kusampula labesifazane basePoland abafuna ukwelashwa. Ukuze unciphise imiphumela yephutha Lohlobo I, okuguquguqukayo kuphela okubalulekile kokuthi P < .01 zifakwe kumodeli (bona Ithebula 1). Ngenxa yokuthi ukufuna usizo kwangaphambili kwe-CSB kwakuhlotshaniswa kakhulu ne-CSB, kanye nokunciphisa imiphumela engaba khona ye-multicollinearity, sinqume ukungafaki lokhu kuguquguquka ekuhlaziyeni ukuhlehla. Imodeli yayibalulekile, F(9, 273) = 31.792, P <.001, R2 kwe 0.512. Ikakhulukazi, sithole ukuthi inani eliphelele le-BPS laliyisibikezelo esiqine kakhulu se-CSB (izikolo ze-SAST-PL) kwabesifazane (β = 0.83, P <.001). Ngaphezu kwalokho, sithole ukuthi ukuqala kokuya ocansini kokuqala (β = -0.21, P < .01), inombolo yabalingani bocansi bonyaka odlule (β = 0.23, P < .001), inombolo yeviki elidlule lokushaya indlwabu (β = 0.22, P < .001), kanye nesimo sobudlelwano (β = -0.92, P < .05) futhi bekungababikezeli ababalulekile bezikolo ze-CSB (SAST-PL) phakathi kwaleli sampula labesifazane abafuna usizo (bona Ithebula 2).
Ithebula 2. Izibikezelo zezibalo ze-Compulsive Sexual Behavior (CSB) ezilinganiswa yi-SAST-R phakathi kwabesifazane
| Izici zokufunda | B | SE B | t | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Okuqhubekayo) | 8.25 | 1.35 | 6.13 | [5.60, 10.90]⁎⁎⁎ |
| Isimo sobudlelwane | -0.92 | 0.47 | -1.95 | [-1.85, 0.01]* |
| Imfundo | -0.08 | 0.24 | -0.33 | [-0.54, 0.38] |
| Ukuqala kokuya ocansini kokuqala | -0.21 | 0.07 | -3.13 | [-0.34, -I-0.08]⁎⁎ |
| Inombolo yabalingani bocansi ngonyaka odlule | 0.23 | 0.04 | 5.84 | [0.15, 0.30]⁎⁎⁎ |
| Inombolo yocansi olungajwayelekile phakathi nezinsuku eziyi-7 ezedlule | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.59 | [-0.09, 0.16] |
| Ukuqala kokuchayeka kwezithombe zocansi | -0.02 | 0.05 | -0.31 | [-0.11, 0.08] |
| Isikhathi esichithwe kuzithombe zocansi phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-7 zokugcina | -0.28 | 0.21 | -1.34 | [-0.70, 0.13] |
| Inani lokushaya indlwabu ezinsukwini eziyi-7 ezedlule | 0.22 | 0.06 | 3.51 | [0.10, 0.34]⁎⁎⁎ |
| Isikrini Esingcolile Sezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile (BPS) | 0.83 | 0.08 | 10.27 | [0.67, 0.99]⁎⁎⁎ |
- ⁎
P <.05.
- ⁎⁎
P <.01
- ⁎⁎⁎
P <.001.
Isimo sobudlelwane: 0 = uhlukanisile/uhlukanisiwe/ungashadile, 1 = ushadile/ubambisene; Isikhathi esichithwe ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-7 zokugcina: 0 = none, 1 = 59 imizuzu noma ngaphansi, 2 = 60–119 imizuzu, 3 = 120 imizuzu nangaphezulu.
Inothi. Ukuhlehla komugqa ukubikezela amathuba okuba khona kwezimpawu ze-CSB phakathi kwabesifazane.
Isifinyezo semodeli: F(9, 273) = 31.792, P < .001 nge-R2 we-0.512.
Ingxoxo
Ukusebenzisa ukulungiswa kwesiPolish kwe- Ukuphuza ngokweqile Ukuhlola Ukuhlola-Kubuyekeziwe (SAST-PL),26 sifuna ukuhlola ama-correlates kanye nezibikezelo zezimpawu ze-CSB phakathi kwesampula yabesifazane basePoland abafuna ukwelashwa. Nakuba kunemikhawulo ngokusebenzisa le ndlela, okwamanje awekho amathuluzi aqinisekisiwe ngokwengqondo ukuze ahlolwe i-CSB (noma i-CSBD) kwabesifazane basePoland. Njengamanje, ukuntuleka kwedatha yomtholampilo kwabesifazane ababika izinkinga nge-CSB kusalokhu kuyimpokophelo ebalulekile ocwaningweni lwangomuso, ikakhulukazi njengoba imibono yamanje ye-etiology yokuziphatha okuyinkinga kocansi ithathwe kumasampuli amaningi abesilisa abaMhlophe/AseYurophu, abathanda ubulili obuhlukile.
Sekukonke, sithole ukuthi iqembu labesifazane ababengazange bafune ukwelashwa kwe-CSB esikhathini esidlule (68.2% wesampula yonke) bathole amaphuzu aqondile e-SAST-PL adlula inani elinqunyiwe elihlongozwe i-Carnes.10 Lokhu okutholakele kuhambisana nokuhlaziywa kukaKraus nozakwabo29 okubonisa ukuthi i-29% yamadoda kusampula yawo ahlangane noma adlula i-Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (HBI)30 inani eliphelele lokunqanyulwa komtholampilo, eliphakamisa ukuba khona kwe-Hypersexual Disorder (HD), okungenzeka ukuthi6 babengenasithakazelo ekufuneni ukwelashwa kokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Kodwa-ke, idatha yokuqala iphakamisa ukuthi amathuba okufuna ukwelashwa kwe-PPU kwabesifazane aphansi izikhathi ezingu-7 kunabesilisa,31 nakuba izici ezingase zibe nomthelela ngokukhethekile kulo mehluko ongaba khona zisazohlolwa. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi abesifazane abaningi ocwaningweni babengenasithakazelo ekufuneni ukwelashwa esikhathini esidlule, futhi cishe amaphesenti angu-32 esampula ayenesithakazelo ekwelashweni okunjalo, umsebenzi owengeziwe uyadingeka ukukhomba izithiyo zamanje zokusiza ukufuna abesifazane basePoland. Izincazelo ezingaba khona zingabandakanya izinkambiso zamasiko, izindima zobulili ezimisiwe kanye nenhlalo yabantu besifazane, ukwemukelwa okukhulu ngokwenkolo kwamadoda abika ukulahlekelwa ukulawula ukuziphatha kocansi, kanye namahloni abonwayo kanye nokucwaswa kwabesifazane ababika izinkinga nge-CSB. Dhuffar kanye Griffits32 yahlukanisa izinhlobo ezi-4 eziyinhloko zezithiyo ezingase zibe khona zabesifazane abangafuni ukwelashwa ngokuluthwa ucansi (isb, umuntu ngamunye, ezenhlalo, ucwaningo, kanye nokwelashwa); Nokho, ucwaningo lwangomuso luyadingeka ukuze kutholakale izici (isb, ubudala, isimo somshado, uhlanga/uhlanga, izinkolelo zenkolo, ukufinyelela ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, izinkinga zempilo yengqondo ezenzeka ngokubambisana) ezivimbela abesifazane ekufuneni ukwelashwa kwe-CSB.
Ngenkathi sihlola ukuthi yiziphi eziguquguqukayo ezingase zibe izibikezelo zezimpawu ze-CSB phakathi kwabesifazane abavela kusampula esifundwe, sibonise ukuthi uma kwenzeka abesifazane, isibikezelo esinamandla sezimpawu ze-CSB kwakuyinani eliphelele le-BPS. Imiphumela etholwe kulolu cwaningo iphinde yabonisa ukuthi izici ezilandelayo zingase zihlobane nezimpawu ze-CSB: ukuqala kokuya ocansini kokuqala, inani labalingani bobulili phakathi nonyaka odlule, inani lokushaya indlwabu phakathi nesonto eledlule, kanye nesimo sobudlelwane. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuhlaziya okufanayo okwenziwe kwabesifazane kuze kube manje, asinayo indawo okubhekiselwa kuyo ngemiphumela yethu. Ngolwazi lwethu, ucwaningo lwethu lungowokuqala ukukhomba izibikezelo ze-CSB phakathi kwabesifazane basePoland. Imiphumela yethu ifana nocwaningo lwango-2017 olumayelana nabesifazane basePoland abafuna ukwelashwa kwe-PPU31 lapho futhi bathola khona ubudlelwano obubalulekile phakathi kokufuna ukwelashwa, izimpawu ze-CSB (zihlolwe yi-SAST-PL) kanye nokuqina kwezimpawu ze-PPU (zihlolwe yi-BPS). Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi sithole ukuthi kwakungesona isikhathi esichithwa sisebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile phakathi nezinsuku ze-7 ezedlule, kodwa amaphuzu aphelele e-BPS ayesebenza njengesibikezelo esinamandla se-CSB kwabesifazane. Incazelo engase ibe khona yalo mphumela yiqiniso lokuthi i-BPS ayigxili esilinganisweni sobuningi sezithombe zobulili ezingcolile (okungukuthi, ubuningi kanye nemvamisa), kodwa kunalokho ikala imiphumela ezicabangela yona eshiwo ekusebenziseni komuntu izithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Okunye ukufana okuphawulekayo kwaphawulwa phakathi kophenyo lwethu nocwaningo lukaKlein nozakwabo28 lapho ukuhlaziya kubonise inani labalingani bocansi kanye nemvamisa ephezulu yokushaya indlwabu njengezibikezelo zobulili obuthile (okuhlolwe yi-HBI)30 kwabesifazane. Ucwaningo luphinde lukhombise ukuhlukunyezwa kwezingane, ukucindezeleka kwamanje, nokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa njengezibikezelo zokuluthwa ucansi,33,34 kanye nokuzibandakanya emikhubeni yezenkolo njengesibikezelo se-PPU.31 Lezi zici ezihlala zibalulekile ku-CSB kwabesifazane, azizange, nokho, zihlolwe ocwaningweni lwamanje futhi zidinga ukucatshangelwa okwengeziwe ezifundweni zocwaningo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, sithole ukuhlobana okubalulekile kwezimpawu ze-CSB ngokuya nezici ze-sociodemographic kanye nezici zomlando wezocansi. Isibonelo, ukuqina kwezimpawu ze-CSB eziphakeme (amanani aphelele e-SAST-PL) abonwa kwabesifazane abadivosile, abahlukanisiwe noma abangashadile, uma kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane ababeshadile noma abahlobene ngokungakahleleki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikolo eziphelele ze-SAST-PL zazihlotshaniswa kahle nenani labalingani bobulili phakathi nonyaka odlule, inani lokuhlanganyela ubulili okungavamile phakathi nezinsuku zokugcina ze-7, kuyilapho kuhlotshaniswa kabi neminyaka yokuqala yokuya ocansini. Uma ucabangela umphumela ongenhla kanye neqiniso lokuthi u-Klein nozakwabo '28 uphenyo luveze inani labalingani bocansi njengesinye sezibikezelo zokuziphatha kobulili obuhlukile, ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuze kuhlolwe imisebenzi yocansi eyi-dyadic phakathi kwabesifazane ababika ngezinkinga nge-CSB, njengoba lokhu kungabonisa isici esibalulekile sesimo esihlala singafundiwe kwabesifazane.
Siphinde sahlola izici zokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nokushaya indlwabu phakathi kwesampula yethu yabesifazane. Njengoba kwenzeka, isilinganiso sengqikithi yesilinganiso se-SAST-PL sikhuphuke nenani lesikhathi esinikelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwezithombe zocansi phakathi nezinsuku eziyi-7 ezedlule. Izimpawu ze-CSB zazihlobene kahle nezikolo ze-BPS, inani lokushaya indlwabu phakathi nezinsuku ze-7 ezedlule, futhi zihlotshaniswa kabi nokuqala kokuchayeka kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zokuqala.
Ukulinganiselwa
Kufanele kubhekwe imikhawulo eminingana yocwaningo lwamanje. Okokuqala, okwamanje azikho izilinganiso eziqondile zokusabalala kwe-CSBD phakathi kwabesifazane futhi isifundo samanje akufanele sithathwe njengesibonakaliso sokusabalala kwe-CSBD noma i-CSB phakathi kwabesifazane basePoland. Uma kubhekwa ukushoda kwamathuluzi akala i-CSBD aqinisekiswe ngokwengqondo kumasampuli abesifazane, asazi, noma isikali esisifakile ocwaningweni lwethu sandise ubungozi bemiphumela engamanga uma kubhekwa ukuntula kwezinto zokuhlola idatha njengokuzwela nokucacisa. Okwesibili, inhlolovo yakhangiswa kusetshenziswa indlela ye-snowball phakathi kwabantu abathanda lesi sihloko, ngakho inani elikhulu labesifazane abamemezela usizo lwangaphambili nge-CSB kungenzeka kungenxa yeqembu elinentshisekelo yokubamba iqhaza ocwaningweni ngokwalo. Okwesithathu, ucwaningo lwethu aluzange lufake noma yiziphi izinyathelo ezihlola i-psychopathology noma ukufiseleka komphakathi/ukuphathwa kombono, futhi abesifazane abaxoxwanga mathupha ngumhlinzeki wezempilo yengqondo oqeqeshiwe. Ukuthembela kudatha yokuzibika ukuze kuchazwe ulwazi lwabesifazane nge-CSB kufanele kucatshangelwe lapho kuchazwa okutholwe kwamanje kocwaningo.
iziphetho
Kafushane, imiphumela yamanje iphakamisa ukuthi kunesidingo esikhulu sokuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwe-CSB phakathi kwabesifazane, ikakhulukazi mayelana nendima yokusetshenziswa kwezithombe ezingcolile zobulili kanye namaphethini obudlelwane bobulili ekuthuthukisweni nasekugcinweni kwe-CSB. Kudingeka izifundo ezengeziwe ukuze kutholwe ukusabalala kwe-CSB phakathi kwabesifazane abasebenzisa izinyathelo eziqinisekisiwe ezibonisa indlela ye-CSBD ku-ICD-11. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo luyadingeka ukuze kuhlolwe ukuhlangana kwalo nobuntu, ukusebenza kocansi, ukuphazamiseka kokugembula, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, kanye/noma okunye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo; idatha enjalo ingasetshenziswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufana kanye/noma umehluko ezindleleni ze-neuronal ezingaphansi kwe-CSB kwabesifazane nabesilisa.35 Okokugcina, ukunemba kokuxilonga kokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile i-psychometric amathuluzi asetshenziswa ukukala izimpawu ze-CSB nawo adinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwenani labantu besifazane abasemitholampilo abangafundiswanga kakhulu emazweni anemali ephansi kanye nephezulu.25
Ethics
Zonke izinqubo kulolu cwaningo zenziwe ngokuhambisana neSimemezelo sase-Helsinki. Ikomiti Lokuziphatha Lokucwaninga leNyuvesi ye-SWPS eWarsaw ligunyaze lolu cwaningo. Bonke ababambiqhaza baziswe mayelana nobubanzi bocwaningo futhi bonke banikeze imvume enolwazi neyokuzithandela.
Isitatimende sobunikazi
I-EK ibe nesandla ekwakhiweni kocwaningo nezindlela, ukuqashwa kwezifundo, ukuqoqwa kwedatha, ukuhlaziya idatha nokutolika, ukubhala imibhalo yesandla, kanye nokuthola uxhaso. U-MG ufake isandla ekwakhiweni kwezindlela zokufunda, nasekubhaleni imibhalo yesandla. I-MLS ibe nesandla ekubhalweni kwemibhalo yesandla. I-SWK ibe nesandla ekuhlaziyeni nasekuchazeni idatha, nasekubhaleni imibhalo yesandla. Bonke ababhali banikeze okokufaka, bafunda, babuyekeza, futhi bagunyaza uhlaka lokugcina lombhalo wesandla.
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