ZVIMUSORO: Hazviiti chete kuti chidzidzo ichi chinoshandisa zvinonyadzisira chinoshandisa kuderedza kugutsikana kwepabonde kune varume nevakadzi, zvakare yakataura kuti kuwanda kwekushandisa zvinonyadzisira kwakanga kwakabatana nekusarudza (kana kuti kuchida?) Zvinonyadzisira kuti zviite zvekuita zvepabonde. Zvinyorwa zvekugutsikana kwepabonde:
Kutungamirirwa nehutano hwepabonde, nyanzvi yekuenzanisa, uye kufanirwa nekutsvakurudza mberi kwekuona zvinonyadzisira, kushamwaridzana, uye kugutsikana kwepabonde, kuongorora kwezvino kuongororwa kwevanhu vakuru vanoita zvepabonde vakaedza mhando yekufananidza inobatanidza kuwedzera kunonyadzisira kushandiswa kuderedza kugutsikana kwepabonde kuburikidza nepfungwa yokuti zvinonyadzisira chinonyanya kukosha zvehutano, ruzivo rwekuona zvinonyadzisira pamusoro pekunakidzwa kwepabonde, pamwe nekuderedzwa kwekutaurirana zvepabonde.
Zvinonyadzisira zvinoshandiswa nguva dzose zvakabatanidzwa nekuona zvinonyadzisira sechinhu chinonyanya kukoshesa ruzivo rwepabonde, iyo yakabatanidzwa nekunakidzwa kwezvinonyadzisira pamusana pekushamwaridzana kwepabonde kwepabonde uye kuongororwa kwekutaurirana zvepabonde. Kusarudza zvinonyadzisira kune kufara kwepabonde kwepabonde uye kukurudzira kukurukurirana zvepabonde zvose zvakabatana nekugutsikana kwepabonde zvishoma.
Mukuenderana nemishumo kubva kumakiriniki ezvepfungwa avo vakaraira vanhu vanovimba nezvinonyadzisira zvekumutsa bonde (Brooks, 1995; Levant & Brooks, 1997; Schneider & Weiss, 2001; Stock, 1997), takaona kuti iyo yakanyanya mukana wehukama ndeyekuti varume uye vakadzi vaivimba nekuona zvinonyadzisira nekuda kwekunakidzwa pabonde panzvimbo pevamwe vavo, yepazasi yaive yavo chikamu chehukama hwekugutsikana pabonde.
Zvinyorwa zvekusarudza (zvichida zvinoda) zvinonyadzisira kuti zviite zvekuita zvepabonde:
Pakupedzisira, takaona kuti kuwanda kwekuona zvinonyadzisira kunoshandiswawo zvakananga kune hama yekunakidza zvinonyadzisira pane kufarira kusangana pabonde. Vatori vechikamu munharaunda yemazuva ano vanonyanya kushandisa zvinonyadzisira pakuita bonhora. Nokudaro, kuwanikwa uku kunogona kuratidza masturbatory conditioning effect (Cline, 1994; Malamuth, 1981; Wright, 2011). Kunyanya kunonyadzisira kunoshandiswa senhumbi yekusimudzira mhombwe, kunyanya mumwe munhu angave akafanirwa kune zvinonyadzisira kunze kwezvimwe zvinokonzerwa nekuita zvepabonde.
Kubva muchikamu chekukurukura:
MuPeter naValkenburg's (2009) matatu-wave longitudinal kudzidza, kusagutsikana pabonde pamafungu ekutanga hakuna kufanotaura kushandiswa kwepabonde pamafungu maviri mushure mekudzora kwekushandisa zvinonyadzisira pawave imwe, asi kusagutsikana pabonde pamafungu maviri kwakafanotaura kushandiswa kwezvinonyadzisira pamhepo yetatu. Mhedzisiro iyi yaive yakangowirirana ne "yakadzika mweya" modhi, umo mashandisirwo enhau anoshandura maonero evatengi uye zvavanofarira munzira dzakashata, izvo zvinobva zvawedzera mukana wavo wekushandisa iyo nhepfenyuro (Slater, Henry, Swaim, & Anderson, 2003). Semuenzaniso, zvinoratidzika sekuti kusangana pakati pezvinonyadzisira kunoshandiswa nguva dzose, kusarudza zvinonyadzisira kunakidzwa kwepabonde zvepabonde, uye kusagutsikana kwepabonde kunowanzoitika. Sezvakakurukurwa kare, masturbatory conditioning inogona kutungamirira vatengi nguva nenguva kuti vasarudze zvinonyadzisira kuti vaite zvepabonde, uye pakupedzisira vanotungamirira kugadzirisana kwepabonde pakati pavo nevashamwari vavo uye kuderedza kugutsikana kwepabonde. Kana vanonyanya kusagutsikana nevepabonde vanobatana, vanowanzoona kuti zvinonyadzisira uye mafungiro ega ega ari nani kune zvepabonde nemumwe wavo, uye kunyanya vanokwanisa kudya zvinonyadzisira.
Paul J. Wright, Chyng Sun, Nicola J. Steffen & Robert S. Tokunaga
Mapeji 1-18 | Yakagamuchira 08 Nov 2016, Yakagamuchirwa 18 Apr 2017, Yakabudiswa paIndaneti: 09 May 2017
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14681994.2017.1323076
KUTANGA
Zvemagariro uye zvechiremba zvepfungwa dzepfungwa dziri kuwedzera kuongorora simba rekuona zvinonyadzisira nezvehutano hwepabonde. Chimwe chiitiko chinokosha zvehutano hwepabonde izvo dzimwe nyanzvi dzakati dzakakonzerwa nekuona zvinonyadzisira kugutsikana kwepabonde. Kutungamirirwa nedzidziso dzepabonde, ruzivo rwemagariro evanhu, uye ruzivo kuburikidza nekutsvakurudza kwekuona zvinonyadzisira, kushamwaridzana, uye kugutsikana kwepabonde, kuongorora kwezvino kuongororwa kwevanhu vakuru vanoita zvepabonde vakaedza mhando yekufananidzira inobatanidza kuwedzera kunonyadzisira kushandiswa kuderedza kugutsikana kwepabonde kuburikidza nepfungwa yokuti zvinonyadzisira chinonyanya kukosha kwehutano hwekuita zvepabonde, kufarira zvinonyadzisira pamusana pekushamwaridzana kwepabonde, pamwe nekuderedzwa kwekutaurirana zvepabonde. Muenzaniso wacho wakatsigirwa nemashoko evarume nevakadzi. Zvinonyadzisira zvinoshandiswa nguva dzose zvakabatanidzwa nekuona zvinonyadzisira sechinhu chinonyanya kukosha chekuita zvepabonde, iyo yakabatanidzwa nekunakidzwa kwezvinonyadzisira pamusoro pekushamwaridzana kwepabonde kwepabonde uye kuongororwa kwekutaurirana zvepabonde. Kusarudza zvinonyadzisira kune kufara kwepabonde pamwe chete uye kufungidzira zvekuita zvepabonde zvose zvakabatana nekugutsikana kwepabonde zvishoma.
KEYWORDS: Zvinonyadzisira, kugutsikana, zvinyorwa zvepabonde, chido chepabonde, kuratidzira zvepabonde
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