COMMENTS: Uku kudzidza kwehuropi kunowedzerwa yedu runyorwa rwezvidzidzo zvehuropi pane vanopindwa muropa nezvepabonde nevanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira. Ichi chidzidzo cheFMRI chakafananidza zvakanyatsoongororwa vakapindwa muropa pabonde ("zvinonetsa maitiro ehupombwe") kuzvidzidzo zvine hutano. Zvepabonde vanopindwa muropa vaive vadzora grey nyaya mune emazuva lobes - matunhu vanyori vanoti akabatana nekudzivirira kwepfungwa dzepabonde:
Mumigumisiro yeVBM, kuderedzwa kwemazuva gyrus volume kwakawanika kune vanhu vane PHB kana vachienzaniswa nehutano hwakanaka. Kunyanya, iyo grey nyaya inowanikwa muSERG yakasara yakange isingabatanidzi pamwe nekuoma kweFB. Kubviswa kwemashoko ezvematongerwo enyika kwakaratidzwa kutungamirira kusarudzo dzisina kunaka dzepabonde (Baird et al., 2002). Zvidzidzo zvekuita zvekufananidzira zvekuita zvepabonde zvakare zvakaratidza kushamwaridzana pakati pekudziviswa kwemashure edzimhosva uye kukurudzirwa kwekuita zvepabonde (Redouté et al. (2000); Stoleru et al., 1999). Zvidzidzo izvi zvinoratidza kuti nzvimbo dzemazuva ezvipfuwo dzakabatana nehutano hwekudzivirira kwekukurudzirwa kwepabonde uye kuti kuderedzwa kwekudzivirira uku kunokonzerwa nekukuvadza kana kusagadzikana kwemazuva echebes kunogona kutungamirira kuhutano husina kunaka (Baird et al., 2002; Redouté et al. (2000); Stoleru et al., 1999). Takafungidzira kuti yakaderedzwa gorosi iyo inowanikwa munguva yemazuva gyrus inogona kuwedzera kuwedzera kwepabonde mune mumwe munhu naFB
Kudzidza zvakare kwakaratidza hurombo hunoshanda hwekubatana pakati pekuruboshwe kwakapfuura tempile gyrus (STG) uye kurudyi caudate. Kuhn & Gallnat, 2014 vakataura zvakafanana: "Kugadzirisa kushanda kwekodha yakarurama kune yakasara dorsolateral prefrontal cortex yakanga isingabatanidzi nemaawa ekuona zvinonyadzisira kushandiswa“. Ichi chidzidzo chiri kutsvaga:
Kuenzaniswa nehutano hwakanaka, vanhu vane PHB vakanga vanyanyisa kuwirirana kwehutano pakati peSGG uye nucleus caudate. Kuwirirana kusina kunaka kwakaonekwa zvakare pakati pekuoma kweFB uye kushandira kunoitwa pakati pezvikamu izvi. Anatomically, iyo STG inobatanidza zvakananga neyochecidate nucleus (Yeterian naPandya, 1998). Nucleus caudate ndiyo nharaunda huru ye striatum, uye yakakosha kune mubayiro-based based behavioral learning, zvakanyatsobatanidzwa nemafaro uye zvinokurudzira, uye zvine chokuita nekuchengetedzwa kwepabonde
Kuita zvepabonde zvekuita zvepabonde zvakaratidzawo kuderedzwa kwakaderera kusvika panguva yekodtex inoshanda. Pepa rinotsanangura kuti:
Tsvakurudzo dzakawanda dzakashuma kuti kuruboshwe rwunobatanidzwa mukubatanidzwa kwemashoko kubva pane zvakasiyana-siyana, uye inotora basa rinokosha mukucherechedza kushanduka nekuchengetedzwa kwakasimba (Cavanna uye Trimble, 2006; Simon et al., 2002). Mukuwedzera, zvidzidzo zvekushaya zvinodhaka zvakaratidza kuti vatori vechikamu vane zvinodhaka vane zvinetso nekucherechedza kushanduka, uye kuti ino mufambiro unofananidzwa yakabatana nekushandurwa kushandiswa kwezvakanaka (Dong et al., 2014; Courtney et al., 2014). Tichipiwa basa rekuchengetedza, zvigumisiro zvedu zvinopa uchapupu hwezvinoita basa rezvinyorwa muFBB, sezvo zvingangodaro zvine chokuita nekushanda kusina kunaka mukucherechedza kuchinja
Vanyori vanotsanangura kukosha kwezviitiko zviviri zvekugadzirisa kushanda kwekushanda:
Kubatana kwepakati pakati pekodha yakanaka yekodata uye STG inowanikwa munharaunda yemazuva ano inogona kuva nemigumisiro yezvisizvo zvekushanda zvakadai sekupa mubairo uye kutarisira muFB (Seok naSohn, 2015; Voon et al., 2014). Izvi zvinongoratidzira kuti maitiro ekugadziriswa mukati megyrus yemazuva uye kushandiswa kwekushanda kwehutano pakati pegyrus temporal uye nzvimbo dzakasikwa (kureva,, iyo yakagadziriswa uye yakagadziriswa) inogona kuita kuti pave nekuvhiringidzika muhutano hwekuita zvepabonde kune vanhu vane PHB. Nokudaro, izvi zvinogumisira zvinoratidza kuti kuchinja kwekugadzirisa uye kushanda kwehutano mune gyrus temporal kunogona kuva PHBspecific uye zvinogona kuva vatsva vekutsvaga kweHIVB
Taura zvakapusa, akati wandei zvidzidzo nezve bonde / porn vanopindwa muropa vakawana hurombo kubatana pakati pekortex uye nemubairo system. Sezvo rimwe basa rekortexisi kuisa mabhureki ezvimisikidzo zvinobva kune edu akadzika mubairo zvivakwa - izvi zvinogona kuratidza kushomeka mu "kumusoro-pasi" kutonga. Uku kushomeka uye kwehunhu chiratidzo chiratidzo chemarudzi ese ekupindwa muropa. Pfupiso yekudzidza:
Mukupfupisa, ikozvino VBM uye kushanda kwekugadzirisa kwekudzidzira kwakaratidza gorosi kukanganiswa kwezvinhu uye kushandiswa kwekushanda kwehutano munguva yegyrus yevanhu pakati pevanhu vane PHB. Chinonyanya kukosha, chimiro chakakonzerwa nekugadzikana kwebasa chakanga chisina kuwirirana nechisimba che PHB. Izvi zvitsva zvinopa ruzivo rutsva muzvikonzero zvepineural zveFBB.
Chidzidzo chacho chakataurawo kuwedzera kwemajeri nyaya inobatanidza zvepabonde:
Grey inobatsira kuwedzera muchero rakanaka re cerebellar uye kuwedzera kwehutano hwemasero ekupedzisira echokupedzisira ne STG yakasara yakaonekwa zvakare. Zvinofadza kuti kuwirirana pakati pematunhu aya hakuna kuchengetwa mushure mokudzora zvekuita kwehutano pakati pevanhu vane PHB.
Vanyori vaishamisika kana huwandu hwakawanda hwehutano hwakachinja hukama pakati pe cortex ne cerebellum:
Izvi zvinogona kuratidza kuti kubatana uku kungangobatanidzwa nekuita bonde kwete kuita zvebonde kana hupombwe… .Naizvozvo, zvinokwanisika kuti iyo yakawedzera grey nyaya vhoriyamu uye inoshanda mashandiro mucerebellum inosanganiswa nekumanikidza maitiro mune vanhu vane PHB
Ubongo Res. 2018 Feb 5. pii: S0006-8993 (18) 30055-6. doi: 10.1016 / j.brainres.2018.01.035.
ngovepo
Neuroimaging zvidzidzo nezvehutano hwehutano hwehupombwe huve huchiwedzera, asi kushandurwa kwezvivako zvehupi uye kushanda kwehutano kune vanhu vane dambudziko rehutano hwehupombwe (PHB) ichangobva kuongororwa. Ichi chidzidzo chinangwa chekutsvaga kuora kwezvinhu zvakadzika nekuzorora-kusagadzikana kwehurumende kune vanhu vane PHB vachishandisa voxel-based morphometry nekuzorora-state kugadziriswa nekuongorora. Vanhu vane gumi nemanomwe vane PHB uye 19 vane makore akaenzana akachengetedza utano vakapinda muchidzidzo ichi. Grey inobatsira hukuru hwehuropi nekuzorora-mamiriro ekubatanidza akaenzaniswa achishandisa 3T magnetic resonance imaging. Zvichienzaniswa nehutano hwakanaka, vanhu vane PHB vane zvishoma zvakaderedza grey nhau yevhesi muruboshwe rwepamusoro temporal gyrus (STG) uye nepakati pekati gyrus temporal. Vanhu vane PHB vakaratidzawo kuderera kwekuzorora-hurumende kushandiswa kwehutano pakati pe STG yakasara uye yakasara precuneus uye pakati pe STG yakasara uye caudate yakarurama. Iko gorozi dambudziko rine simba reSGG nechekuzorora kwayo-hurumende hunoenderana nekugadzirisa kwakanaka kwakaratidza kuwirirana kusina kunaka nekuoma kweFB. Izvo zvinowanikwa zvinoratidza kuti kukanganisa kwemaitiro nekuzorora-hurumende inokonzera kushaya simba mukati meSGG yakasara ingangosanganiswa neHBB uye inopa hutsva hutsva mumagadzirirwo emagetsi eFBB.
KEYWORDS: Caudate nucleus; Kugona kushanda; Zvinetso zvinetso zvehupombwe; Superior temporal gyrus; Voxel-based morphometry
PMID: 29421186
DOI: 10.1016 / j.brainres.2018.01.035
KUKURUKURA CHIKAMU
Mumigumisiro yeVBM, kuderedzwa kwemazuva gyrus volume kwakawanika kune vanhu vane PHB kana vachienzaniswa nehutano hwakanaka. Kunyanya, iyo grey nyaya inowanikwa muSERG yakasara yakange isingabatanidzi pamwe nekuoma kweFB. Kubviswa kwemashoko ezvematongerwo enyika kwakaratidzwa kutungamirira kusarudzo dzisina kunaka dzepabonde (Baird et al., 2002). Zvidzidzo zvekuita zvekufananidzira zvekuita zvepabonde zvakare zvakaratidza kushamwaridzana pakati pekudziviswa kwemashure edzimhosva uye kukurudzirwa kwekuita zvepabonde (Redouté et al. (2000); Stoleru et al., 1999). Zvidzidzo izvi zvinoratidza kuti nzvimbo dzemazuva ezvipfuwo dzakabatana nehutano hwekudzivirira kwekukurudzirwa kwepabonde uye kuti kuderedzwa kwekudzivirira uku kunokonzerwa nekukuvadza kana kusagadzikana kwemazuva echebes kunogona kutungamirira kuhutano husina kunaka (Baird et al., 2002; Redouté et al. (2000); Stoleru et al., 1999). Takafungidzira kuti kuderedzwa gorosi inowanikwa mukati mekuita gyrus kunogona kuita kuti kuwedzerwa kwepabonde kuwedzere kune mumwe munhu ane PHB, uye izvi zvingave zvinoratidza kuti kuruboshwe STG chikamu chebasa rinoshanda rinoenderana neFBB. Kuti uzive migumisiro yekuderedzwa kwehuwandu hweSERG yakasara pane iri dunhu rinoshanda, zvakare-zororo-state functional connectivity analysis yakaitwa.
Zvigumisiro zvedu zvinoratidza kuti vanhu vane PHB vakaderedza zvakasara precuneus-yakasara STG uye kurudyi caudate-kuruboshwe STG kugadziriswa The precuneus yakagadzirisa cortical connections nepamusoro temporal sulcus. Aya mahara, pamwe chete ne occipital inoonekwa, inosanganisira temporo-parieto-occipital cortex (Leichnetz, 2001; Cavanna uye Trimble, 2006). Tsvakurudzo dzakawanda dzakashuma kuti kuruboshwe rwunobatanidzwa mukubatanidzwa kwemashoko kubva pane zvakasiyana-siyana, uye inotora basa rinokosha mukucherechedza kushanduka nekuchengetedzwa kwakasimba (Cavanna uye Trimble, 2006; Simon et al., 2002). Mukuwedzera, zvidzidzo zvekushaya zvinodhaka zvakaratidza kuti vatori vechikamu vane zvinodhaka vane zvinetso nekucherechedza kushanduka, uye kuti ino mufambiro unofananidzwa yakabatana nekushandurwa kushandiswa kwezvakanaka (Dong et al., 2014; Courtney et al., 2014). Tichipiwa basa rekuchengetedza, zvigumisiro zvedu zvinopa uchapupu hwezvinoita basa rezvinyorwa muFBB, sezvo zvingangodaro zvine chokuita nekushanda kusina kunaka mukucherechedza kuchinja
Kuenzaniswa nehutano hwakanaka, vanhu vane PHB vakanga vanyanyisa kuwirirana kwehutano pakati peSGG uye nucleus caudate. Kuwirirana kusina kunaka kwakaonekwa zvakare pakati pekuoma kweFB uye kushandira kunoitwa pakati pezvikamu izvi. Anatomically, iyo STG inobatanidza zvakananga neyochecidate nucleus (Yeterian naPandya, 1998). Nucleus caudate ndiyo nharaunda huru yemudhiriri, uye yakakosha nokuda kwekudzidzira mubhadharo wekuzvibata, zvakanyatsobatanidzwa nemafaro uye zvinokurudzira, uye zvine chokuita nokuchengetedzwa kwechirwere
maitiro (Ma et al., 2012; Vanderschuren na Everitt, 2005). Zvinhu zveNeuronal mu striatum mumonke zvakaratidzwa kuti zvipindure kune mupiro wekupa nekutarisira (Apicella et al., 1991, 1992). Nyeredzi dzechirwere dzinokonzera kumira kwezvinangwa kare uye panguva yekuitwa kwezviito kuburikidza nekodhi yekukurudzira hunyoro, kupa mubairo, nekupa mubayiro (Hassani et al., 2001). Neuroimaging zvidzidzo zvekuita zvinodhakwa nevanhu vanokanganisa vakaona kusagadzikana kwekutsvaga kwekuchinja kushandura, zvakadai sekuderera kwehutano uye hutano hwehutano uye kuderedzwa kwebasa-based blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) basa (Hong et al., 2013a, b; Jacobsen et al., 2001; Lin et al., 2012; Seok uye Sohn, 2015). Munguva ichangopfuura, chidzidzo pamusoro pepabonde chinoshandiswa pakushandiswa kwepabonde chinoratidza kuti kuchinja mu statum kunogona kuratidza kushanduka muhuputi hwepurasitiki semugumisiro wekukurudzira kwakanyanya kwemararamiro (Kühn naGallinat, 2014). Kubatana kwepakati pakati pekodha yakanaka yekodata uye STG inowanikwa munharaunda yemazuva ano inogona kuva nemigumisiro yezvisizvo zvekushanda zvakadai sekupa mubairo uye kutarisira muFB (Seok naSohn, 2015; Voon et al., 2014). Izvi zvinongoratidzira kuti maitiro ekugadziriswa mukati megyrus yemazuva uye kushandiswa kwekushanda kwehutano pakati pegyrus temporal uye nzvimbo dzakasikwa (kureva,, iyo yakagadziriswa uye yakagadziriswa) inogona kuita kuti pave nekuvhiringidzika muhutano hwekuita zvepabonde kune vanhu vane PHB. Nokudaro, zvigumisiro izvi zvinoratidza kuti kuchinja kwekugadzirisa uye kushanda kwehutano mune gyrus yenguva inogona kuva PHBspecific uye inogona kunge yakagadziriswa yevashandi vekuongorora chirwere che PHB.
Grey inobatsira kuwedzera muchero rakanaka re cerebellar uye kuwedzera kwehutano hwemasero ekupedzisira echokupedzisira ne STG yakasara yakaonekwa zvakare. Zvinofadza kuti kuwirirana pakati pematunhu aya hakuna kuchengetwa mushure mokudzora zvekuita kwehutano pakati pevanhu vane PHB. Izvi zvinogona kuratidza kuti kuwirirana uku kunowanzobatanidzwa nepabonde pane kuita zvepabonde kana hupombwe. Izvo zvinokonzerwa nemhando yepamusoro inobatanidzwa zvikuru mumatambudziko anokanganisa, kunyanya mukubatanidzwa kwayo ne corticostriatal neuronal (Middleton uye Strick, 2000; Brooks et al., 2016). Zvidzidzo zvekare pamusoro pevanhu vane zvinetso zvakakomba-zvinokonzera zvinoratidza huwandu hwezvinyorwa zvema cerebellar zvichienzaniswa neutano hwakanaka (Peng et al., 2012; Rotge et al., 2010). Vamwe vanhu vane PHB vanowanikwa nemakiriniki anowanzoita sekushungurudza-kusagadzikana kwepabonde, zvakadai sekuita zvepabonde uye kumanikidza kuita zvepabonde (Fong, 2006). Nokudaro, zvinokwanisika kuti kuwedzerwa gorozi zvakanyanya kuwanda uye kushanda kwehutano mu cerebellum kunobatanidza nekumanikidzira maitiro kune vanhu vane PHB.
Izvi zvitsva zvinoratidza kuti kukanganisa kwemaitiro mune gyrus yenguva uye kushandiswa kwekushanda kwemaitiro pakati pegyrus yenguva uye nzvimbo dzakasiyana (kureva, iyo yakagadziriswa uye yakagadziriswa) inogona kuita kuti pave nekuvhiringidzika muhutano hwekuita zvepabonde kune vanhu vane PHB. Nokudaro, zvigumisiro izvi zvinoratidza kuti kuchinja kwekugadzirisa uye kushanda kwehutano mune gyrus temporal kunogona kuva zviitiko zvePFB uye zvinogona kuva vatsva vekutsvaga kwehutano hweFBB.
Pane zvishoma zvidzidzo zvehuropi zvinoshanduka pakati pevanhu vane PHB vachishandisa kusanganiswa kweVBM uye rs-fMRI. Mamwe mapepa apfuura akawana kuti kuita zvepabonde kunowedzera kunogona kuchinja huropi hutano nekushanda, uye izvi zvakawanikwa zvakanyatsojekesa chinonzi neurobiology chekuita zvepabonde kuita zvepabonde (Schmidt et al., 2017). Zvisinei, izvo zvidzidzo hazvina kubvisa kukanganisa kwezviito zvehutano paukama huri pakati pe PHB nekuchinja kweuropi. Nokudaro, takadzokorora chidzidzo chekare kuti tione kuchinja kwehuropi mumunhu ane PHB (Schmidt et al., 2017), uye akaita shanduro yakawedzera yekuraira zvepabonde kuti arambe achitsanangurira kukanganisa kwehupombwe nehutano hwepabonde.
Mukupfupisa, ikozvino VBM uye kushanda kwekugadzirisa kwekudzidzira kwakaratidza gorosi kukanganiswa kwezvinhu uye kushandiswa kwekushanda kwehutano munguva yegyrus yevanhu pakati pevanhu vane PHB. Chinonyanya kukosha, chimiro chakakonzerwa nekugadzikana kwebasa chakanga chisina kuwirirana nechisimba che PHB. Izvi zvitsva zvinopa ruzivo rutsva muzvikonzero zvepineural zveFBB.
PHB yakarondedzerwa nevanakiriniki vanokwanisa vanochengetedzwa pamakiriniki ekukurukurirana vachishandisa PHB kuongorora zvirongwa zvakagadzirwa mumapurisa apfuura (Carnes et al., 2010; Kafka, 2010) (Table TableXX). Makore gumi nemanomwe, makore-, dzidzo-, hutano-hutano hwakatarisa avo vasina kuonana neFBB yekuongorora zviratidzo vakanyoresa muchidzidzo. Takashandisa zviyero zvinotevera zvekuregererwa kweFB uye vatungamiri vekutonga: zera pamusoro pe1 kana pasi pe35; zvimwe zvinodhakwa zvakadai sekudhakwa kana kubhejera, zvekare kana zvemazuva ano zvepfungwa, zvehupombwe, nehutano hwehutano, ungochani, ikozvino kushandiswa kwemishonga, nhoroondo yekukuvadzwa kwakanyanya, uye nhengo dzakawanda dzeMRI zvinopesana (kureva, kuva nesimbi mumuviri, astigmatism yakanyanya, kana claustrophobia).
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