ZVIMUBVUNZO: Ichi chiKorea cheFMRI chidzidzo chinodzokorora zvimwe zvidzidzo zveuropi pavanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira. Kufanana neCambridge University inodzidza iyo yakawana cue-inokonzerwa uropi hunoita hutano hwekuita zvehupombwe hwakaratidza maitiro evanhu vanodhaka. Maererano nedzidzo dzechiGermany dzakawanda dzakawana kuchinjwa mu prefrontal cortex inofanana nekuchinja kunoonekwa mumishonga inodhaka.
Kunyange zvazvo ichitaura zvimwe zvezvimwe zvidzidzo, pepa reKorea rinowedzera zvinotevera:
- Yakarongedza humwe huro hwehutano hwakabatanidzwa muhutano-induced reactivity, uye wakawana vose vakagadzikana nesimba rakanyanya kudarika pane kutonga kwakanaka. Zvimwe uropi nzvimbo: thalammus, kuruboshwe rwekodata nucleus, right supramarginal gyrus, uye kurara kwakanaka kwepakati pekuita gyrus.
- Chii chitsva ndechekuti zvakawanikwa zvakanyatsoenderana neakatarisana nekortex mapatani akacherechedzwa mune vanopindwa muropa nezvinodhaka: Greater cue-reactivity kumifananidzo yepabonde, asi yakadzivirirwa mhinduro kune zvimwe zvinowanzoitika zvinokanganisa. Mune chidhakwa, zvirevo zvine chekuita nezvekupindwa muropa zvinokonzeresa pamberi yekortex kupwanya wedunhu remubairo ne "enda utore" zviratidzo. Izvo zvakare zvinokonzeresa kushoma kunakirwa mukupindura kune zvakajairika zuva nezuva mibairo. Ndokunge, kushomeka kwekutevera mibairo yakajairwa.
Front. Behav. Neurosci., 30 November 2015
Ji-Woo Seok uye Jin-Hun Sohn*
- Dhipatimendi re Psychology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
Zvidzidzo pamusoro pehunhu hwevanhu vane hypersexual kusagadzikana zvave zvichiwanda nekuda kwekuwedzera kunetseka nezve kunetsekana kwehunhu hwehupombwe (PHB) Parizvino, zvishoma zvishoma zvinozivikanwa pamusoro pehunhu hwemaitiro uye neural maitiro echido chebonde. Chidzidzo chedu chakanangana nekuongorora neural mahukama echishuwo chebonde nezvinoitika zvine chekuita nezviitiko zvinoshanda zvemagineti resonance imaging (fMRI). Makumi maviri nevatatu vanhu vane PHB uye 22 zera-dzakaenzana kudzora zvine hutano dzakatariswa ivo vachingoona zvavo zvekuita bonde uye kusagadzikana. Iwo masomo 'mazinga echishuwo chepabonde akaongororwa mukupindura kune yega yega yekusimudzira bonde. Zvine hukama nekutonga, vanhu vane PHB vane ruzivo rwekuita zvepabonde kakawanda uye hwakawedzerwa panguva yekuratidzwa kune zvekuita zvepabonde. Kukurudzira kukuru kwakacherechedzwa mukati yekodhi, yakaderera parietal lobe, dorsal anterior cingate gyrus, thalamus, uye dorsolateral prefrontal cortex muboka rePHB kupfuura muboka rinodzora. Uye zvakare, iyo hemodynamic mapatani munzvimbo dzakagadziriswa dzakasiyana pakati pemapoka. Zvinopindirana nezvakawanikwa muhuropi hwekufungidzira zvidzidzo zvezvinhu uye hunhu kupindwa muropa, vanhu vane hunhu hwehunhu hwePHB uye chishuwo chakasimudzwa chakaratidza kushandurwa kwekushandurwa mu prefrontal cortex uye subcortical matunhu. Mukupedzisa, mhedzisiro yedu ichabatsira kuratidza hunhu uye nzira dzakabatana dzevanhu vane PHB.
ziviso
Kuoma kwehutano hwehupombwe (PHB) hunotsanangurwa sekuti kuramba uchiita zvekuita zvepabonde kunowanzoita pasina kutonga pamusoro pekuita zvepabonde kuita zvepabonde nekuzvibata pasinei nekuziva kwezvikamu zvisina kunaka zvinowanikwa (Goodman, 1993; Zvikwata, 2001, 2013). Vaya vanotambura kubva kuFB vanogona kuwana zvinetso zvakanyanya muhukama hwavo hwemhuri nekushanda kwebasa. Mukuwedzera, ivo vari pangozi yakawanda yekugadzirisa zvirwere zvepabonde kana kutora pamuviri usina kukodzera kubva kune hukama hwepabonde (Schneider na Schneider, 1991; Kuzma uye Black, 2008). MuUnited States, 3-6% yevadzidzi uye yekoroji vadzidzi vane PHB (Coleman, 1992; Black, 2000; Seegers, 2003). MuKorea, anenge 2% yevadzidzi vose vekoroji vane PHB (Kim uye Kwak, 2011). Nokuda kwehuwandu hwahwo hwehuwandu hwehutano uye hwehutano hwakakonzerwa, njodzi dzinobatanidzwa dzinowedzera kuzivikanwa munzanga sezvo chiitiko cheFBB ichiita sechichikura.
Kunyange zvazvo kuoma kweFB kwave kuonekwa zvino, kwakanga kusina kuiswa muDMM-5 (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) Kurwisana kunoenderera mberi pamusoro pekuti chirwere che hypersexual chinofanira kuiswa sechirwere; saka, hapana chibvumirano pamusoro payo tsanangudzo, maitiro, kana kuti kuongororwa. Izvi zvinoratidza matambudziko pakugadzira chidimbu chakajeka chechikonzero nekuda kwekushayikwa kwezvinangwa uye zvidzidzo zvepamusoro pamusoro pezvinhu zvinoenderana nehutano hwehupombwe.
Kunyange zvazvo, kusarudzwa kweFB sechirwere kuchiri kukakavadzana, zvakave zvataurwa kuti kunyanya kuita zvepabonde kunofanira kuiswa sechikwata chekushungurudzwa kwepabonde nokuti PHB inosanganisira zviratidzo zvakafanana nedzimwe mhando dzekusvuta (Goodman, 2001; Kor et al., 2013). Kuwedzerwa chido kunowirirana zvakanyanya kune zvipatara zvakakosha zvehutano hwemishonga. Kufungidzira kufanirwa kwakaratidza kuti basa rehuropi nzvimbo dzinobatanidzwa mune chido zvinoshandiswa kune avo vane zvinodhaka zvinodhaka (Garavan et al., 2000; Tapert et al., 2003; Franklin et al., 2007;McClernon et al., 2009). Kuita zvinodhaka, zvakadai sekubhejera, kutamba mitambo, uye kuita zvepabonde, izvo zvisingarevi kutora zvakakwana zvemishonga kunosanganisira chido chakawedzerwa chinoratidzika sechichienderana nekushandurwa kwemabasa munzvimbo dzakakosha dzakakosha (Crockford et al., 2005; Ko et al., 2009;Kühn naGallinat, 2014; Voon et al., 2014).
Ubongo hwekufungidzira zvido zvechido mune zvinodhaka zvinokonzerwa nekunyanyisa uye kushandiswa kwehutano kwakaratidza kushandiswa kwebasa mu prefrontal cortex (PFC) uye subcortical mibayiro yezvikwereti munyaya dzine zvinetso izvi (Goldstein uye Volkow, 2011). Kunyanya, zvidzidzo izvi zvakaratidza kukosha kunobatanidzwa kwePFC mukutsvaira, zvose kuburikidza nekugadzirisa kwezvibereko zvemigumisiro nzvimbo uye kubatanidzwa kwayo mukukurudzira zvinhu zvekudzokorora kushandiswa kwemishonga uye kusagadzirisa tsika. Kuvhiringidzika kwekushanda kwePFC kunotungamirira kukuvhiringidzika mukupindurwa kwekudzivisa uye kugadziriswa kwekuita, zvakadai sekupiwa kwekunyanyisa kwakanyanyisa kudarika kune chirevo chekurwisa, sezvinongoita zvinhu uye zvinodhaka, uye kuderera kwechido chekupa zvikwereti zvinokonzera (Goldman-Rakic naLeung, 2002; Goldstein uye Volkow, 2011).
Maererano nemigumisiro iyi, zviitiko zvekuongorora neuroimaging pamusoro peFBs zvakaratidza kuti vanhu vane ma PHB vane chido chekuita zvepabonde zvakanyanya pakuzvienzanisa kana vachienzanisa nekugadzirisa utano uye kuti chido chinowedzera chinosanganiswa nemaitiro akasiyana-siyana ezvinyorwa zvevashandisi mumharapiti inoratidzika anterior cingulate-ventral striatal-amygdala functional network (Voon et al., 2014). Muhutano hwehuro uye kushandiswa kwekushanda, Kühn naGallinat (2014) vakaratidza kuti kugara vachiona zvinonyadzisira kunosanganiswa nekushandurwa kwehutano hwehupi nekushanda munzvimbo dzePFC uye zvinogona kutungamirira kune chido chekutsvaga nhoroondo uye zvakanyanyisa zvepabonde.
Izvi zvidzidzo zvinopa uchapupu hwokuti chido chakasimbiswa uye kushanda kusina kunaka kunobatanidzwa mukuchiva kunobatanidzwawo muFB, kunyange zvazvo tsika pachayo isingakonzere neurotoxic effects.
Zvinosuruvarisa, ruzivo rwemashoko pamusoro pehupombwe-hunosanganiswa neuralural response kumunhu ane PHB harina kukwana. Ongororo dzakapfuura pamusoro penzira dzeuropi dzinoita kuti kugadziriswa kwechido chepabonde kune vanhu vane PHB vakashandisa zvivako zvepodhidhimsamu pamagetsi ekugadzirwa kwemaginetic resonance (fMRI) uye nguva yakareba yakasvibiswa nechishuvo chekushushikana. Mune zvidzidzo zvechido chepabonde, nguva yekutaura inoita seinokosha kubva pane imwe nzira yekuona uye nekuda kwekusiyana kwehuwandu hwekugadzirisa (Bühler et al., 2008). Muchivako mapurisa, nguva yekukurudzira zvinokurudzirwa inowedzera, uye kuitika kwechirongwa chinoramba chichienderera mberi mubato kunonyatsozivikanwa (Zarahn et al., 1997). Nokudaro, kubvisa zvirongwa zvinogona kuita kuti nzvimbo dzinobatanidza nekugadzirisa zvirongwa, zvakadai sekuchengetedzwa kwepamusoro, pamusoro-pasi kudzora, nekudzivisa zvekuita zvepabonde. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kuderedzwa kwekunamata mupfungwa uye saka shandura chinangwa chemuorivhi (Schafer et al., 2005). Methodologically, zviitiko zvakasangana-zviitiko zvakaderera kune zvigadziriswa zvinogadziriswa mabhuku ekuona nzvimbo dzakagadziriswa dzeuropi, asi dzakakwirira pakufungidzira hemodynamic response function (Birn et al., 2002).
Nokudaro, zvinangwa zvechidzidzo ichi zvaive
(1) kudzokorora hutsika hwekare hwekuita kwekuda kwechido chepabonde kune vanhu vane PHBs,
(2) zicherechedza kuchinja kwehuropi kushanda munzvimbo dzinozivikanwa kuti dzinobatanidzwa nechishuvo chakakosha, uye
(3) anonzwisisa kusiyana kwemashoko ehemodynamic ematunhu aya ehuropi munguva yakareba kune vanhu vane PHBs vachishandisa fMRI inowanzoitika.
Takafungidzira kuti vanhu vane PHBs vanogona kuratidza chido chakakura chepabonde kana vachienzaniswa neutano hwakanaka uye kuti nzvimbo dzouropi, dzakadai sePFC uye pasi pezvikwereti zvemarongerwo emitambo, kuratidzira basa rakashandurwa uye mhinduro dzehumodynamic kana dzichienzaniswa nehutano hwakanaka.
nzira
Vakwikwidzi
Chidzidzo chezvino chaisanganisira 23 vanokanganisa varume vari mumapoka eboka rePHB [makore anorevei = 26.12, kuparadzana zvakakwana (SD) = 4.11 makore] uye 22 vanhu vanokanganisa varume vari muboka rekutonga (kureva makore = 26.27, SD = Makore 3.39). Vanenge vaine 70 vanogona kutora chikamu vakabatanidzwa kubva kuchipatara zvivako zvekuita zvinetso zvepabonde uye zveHIV Addiction Anonymous misangano. Izvo zvinoshandiswa zvinyorwa zvakavakirwa paFBB nzira yekuongorora yekuongorora kwepfuura (Table S1; Carnes et al., 2010; Kafka, 2010). Tiye akaregererwa nzira dzaive dzinotevera: zera pane 45 kana pasi pe 18; chirwere chakakomba chepfungwa, zvakadai sokunwa doro kudzvinyirira, kubhejera chirwere, kuora mwoyo kukuru, bipolar disorder, kana kusava nemwoyo-kusagadzikana kwepfungwa; iye zvino kutora mishonga; nhoroondo yekushungurudza musoro kwakakomba; ungochani; runyorwa rwemhosva; kana kusagadzikana kwekufungidzira (kureva, kuva nesimbi mumuviri wake, astigmatism yakanyanya, kana claustrophobia). Vanachiremba vakanyora hurukuro dzechipatara kune zvese zvingave zvidzidzo, uye boka rekupedzisira revarume ve23 vakagadzirisa zvinyoreswa zvinosanganisira kwete nzira yekuregererwa yakasarudzwa muboka reFBB. Kune boka rinodzora, vatori vechikwata che22 vane vanhu vanozivikanwa (zera, vakadzi, dzidzo yepamusoro, uye mari yepamusoro) iyo yakaenzana neboka re PHB rakasarudzwa. Vose vevatori vechikamu vakapa zvakanyorwa zvakanyatsozivikanwa mushure mokunge zvinyorwa zvidzidzo zvemazuva ano zvakatsanangurwa kwavari. Bhuku reChungnam National University Institutional Review Board rakabvumira kuongorora uye kubvumirana nenzira (kubvumidzwa nhamba: 201309-SB-003-01). Vose vevatori vechikamu vakagamuchira mari yemari (150 madhora) nekuda kwavo.
Meiyo Instrument
Vadzidzi vacho vakapedza sarudzo ine mibvunzo pamusoro pehuwandu hwavo hwevanhu uye zvepabonde kwemazana ekutanga e6 nemakero akaenzana, akadai seBarratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (Patton et al., 1995), Buss-Perry Aggression questionnaire (Buss naPerry, 1992), Beck Kudzvinyirira Inventory (Beck et al., 1996), Beck Kuzvidya mwoyo Inventory (Beck et al., 1996), Kuita zvepabonde Kuongorora Kuongorora-R (SAST-R; Carnes et al., 2010), uye Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (HBI; Reid et al., 2011; tafura 1). Mibvunzo yehutano hwepabonde yaiva makore ekutanga zvepabonde uye zvehutano hwehukama hwehukama hwehutano. An zviitiko zvepabonde zvakajeka yakatsanangurwa sehukama umo vanhu vaviri chete vanoita zvepabonde nemumwe chete. A kusina hukama hwepabonde yakatsanangurwa sekuchengetedza ukama hwepabonde hwakawanda nevakasiyana-siyana vakaroorana vasina kubatana chero rudzi rwehukama hwepedyo muhukama.
TABLE 1
Tafura 1. Nzvimbo dzemuitiro.
Mibvunzo yehutano hwehutano hwepabonde yaisanganisira kuwandisa kwepabonde kwevhiki, kuwandisa kwepabonde purogiramu, kuwandisa kwekuona zvinonyadzisira vhiki imwe neimwe, uye nhamba yevamwe vanoita zvepabonde mumwedzi yekare ye6. Uyezve, iyo SAST-R (Carnes et al., 2010) uye HBI (Reid et al., 2011) yakashandiswa kuongorora huwandu hwaFB muvatori vechikamu. I-SAST-R ine mibvunzo yeC20 yakagadzirirwa kuongorora kuwanda kwehutano hwepabonde. Nhamba idzi dzinotangira kubva ku0 kusvika ku20 points, ine zvikwata zvepamusoro zvinoratidza kushungurudza zvepabonde zvakanyanya. IHBI inosanganisira mibvunzo ye19, uye mapeji akaenzana kubva ku19 kusvika ku95. Nhamba yose ye53 kana yepamusoro inoratidza chirwere che hypersexual. Izvo zvemukati kusangana (Cronbach's α coefficient) yeSAST-R uye HBI ari 0.91 uye 0.96, zvichiteerana (Carnes et al., 2010; Reid et al., 2011).
Ongororo yeStumuli uye Ongororo Paradigm
Kuchengetedza kwakaitwa pavarume ve130 vane tsika dzepabonde zvakajairika dzisina kubatanidzwa mukuedza kweFMRI kuitira kuti vasarudze zvepabonde uye zvepabonde zvidzidzo zveFMRI (File S1). Mifananidzo iyi yakagadzirwa nemifananidzo ye20 yakaunganidzwa kubva kune International Affective Picture System (6 photos; Lang et al., 2008) neInternet websites (14 photos). Kuita zvepabonde kwakave nemifananidzo yakaratidza vakadzi vasina kusimba uye zvepabonde. Mukuwedzera, mapepa e20 asina kuisa chero chishuvo chepabonde chakasarudzwa sechinhu chisina kunaka chekuita zvepabonde. Vakanga vakaenzana nehutano hwepabonde hwehutano hwavo hwekunakidza. Kuvhiringidzika kwevanhu vose kwakaratidzwa zvikuru kunomutsa zviitiko, zvakadai semabasa emitambo yemvura, kupembererwa kwekukunda kukunda, uye kutamba. Izvi zvakasarudzwa zvakasarudzwa kuitira kuti zione basa reuropi raive rakabatana chete nechido chepabonde kuburikidza kutonga kunze kwebasa iro rakabva pamusana pekunakidzwa kwekunakidza uye kurwisana kwevakawanda.
Paradigm yekuongorora yeFMRI, mirayiridzo mipfupi pamusoro pekuedzwa yakapiwa 6 s pakutanga kwekuedza, iyo yakateverwa nehuwandu hwemashoko ehupombwe kana kusangana nevamwe ye5 s imwe neimwe. Nhengo imwe neimwe interstimulus nguva yaiva 7-13 s (chiyero, 10 s) kubatsira mubatsiri kudzokera kumamiriro avo ekutanga. Kuita kuti vatori vechikamu varambe vachifunga nezvekutsvaga, vakabvunzwa kuti vafunge bhatani remupindure apo chinangwa chisingafungidzirwi chakaiswa kune anenge 500 ms kwenguva ye12 nguva panguva ipi zvayo. Nguva yose inotarisirwa kuedza iyi yaiva 8 min uye 48 s (Mufananidzo 1).
FIGURE 1
Mufananidzo 1. Chimiro chechiitiko chakakonzerwa nechiitiko chepabonde.
Pashure pokupedzisa kuedza kweFMRI, vatori vechikamu vakatarisa zvinokonzera zvakafanana izvo zvakaiswa mumuedzo weFMRI, uye vaifanira kutarisana nemibvunzo mitatu inotevera yekuongorora kwepfungwa.
Chokutanga, vakabvunzwa kuti "hongu" kana kuti "kwete" pavakabvunzwa kana vainzwa chido chepabonde pavanoratidzira maitiro ose.
Chechipiri, vaifanira kutarisa chido chavo chepabonde pane imwe nhamba yeChipetti yakakura kubva ku1 (zvishoma zvakanyanya) kusvika ku5 (yakawanda kwazvo).
Chechitatu, vatori vechikamu 'kuzviisa pasi zviyero pahupamhi hwepalence uye kumutsa kune yega kukurudzira kwakatemwa zvinoenderana neanomwe-Likert chiyero.
Iko kuongororwa kwakagadziridzwa pamatanho maviri. Valence, iyo yakanga yakanaka kana kuti yakaipa, yakabva pane yakaipa zvikuru ku1 ichiita zvakanaka pa 7, uye kushushikana kwepfungwa kwakabva pakadzikama pa1 kunofadza / kumutswa pa 7. Pakupedzisira, vatori vechikamu vaifanira kutaurira mamwe manzwiro avakawana kunze kwechido chepabonde pavanenge vachitarisana pamushumo umwe neumwe.
Image Acquisition
Mifananidzo yekuwana yakaitwa ne 3.0 T Philips magnetic resonance scanner (Philips Healthcare, Best, The Netherlands). Mifananidzo imwe chete-fomu echo-planar imaging fMRI scanning method [imaging variables: repetition time (TR) = 2,000 ms, echo nguva (TE) = 28 ms, mashizha emukati = 5 mm isina gap, matrix = 64 × 64, munda we maonero (FOV) = 24 × 24 cm, flip angle = 80 °, uye in-plane resolution = 3.75 mm] yakashandiswa kuwana 35 zvidimbu zvinopfurikidza zveropa rinotaridzika muzinga (BOLD) mifananidzo. T1-inorema maatomical mifananidzo yakawanikwa ne 3-dimensional fluid-intenuated inversion recovery sequence (TR = 280, TE = 14 ms, flip angle = 60 °, FOV = 24 × 24 cm, matrix = 256 × 256, uye mucheka waro = 4 mm).
Statistical Analyzes
Kuti vaongorore mafambiro ehutano nehupfumbamwe hwakanga huchivakirwa chete nechishuvo chepabonde, kufungidzira uye pfungwa dzepfungwa dzemifananidzo mitatu yakakonzera mamwe manzwiro, akadai sokunyangadza, kutsamwa, kana kushamiswa, kunze kwekukwirirana kwepabonde kwakabviswa kubva pakutsvakurudza kwedhesi . Independent t-kutsvaga kwehuwandu nekuda kwechido chepabonde pakati pemapoka acho maviri zvakaitwa uchishandisa SPSS 22 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA). Kuwedzerwa kwechido chepabonde kwakaonekwa sehuwandu hwekushushikana kune umwe neumwe wekubatana nechido chepabonde kubva pakati pehutano hwepabonde hwe20, uye kuwedzera kwekuita zvepabonde kwaive kuwirirana kwechido chekuita zvepabonde kune mifananidzo ye 20.
SPM8 (Yakanaka Dhipatimendi rekufananidzira Neuroscience, London, UK) yakashandiswa kuongorora fmRI data. Muchikwata chekutanga, MRI image acquisition yakaitwa nenzira inotevera: kuronga-nguva yekugadziriswa kwekutsvaga kwekutsvaga, kururamisa kufamba, uye kugadziriswa kwepakati pane imwe template yakazara inopiwa neMontreal Neurological Institute (MNI). Pakupedzisira, mifananidzo yakasarudzwa yakarongedzwa ne 8-mm Gaussian kernel.
Mushure mekunge mazadza maitiro ekutanga, matrices ekugadzira nemamiriro maviri (hutano hwepabonde uye nhengo dzomumwe munhu) dzakasikwa kune umwe neumwe muvepo kuti aone nzvimbo dzine zvechido chekuda kushandiswa. Kuenzanisa kwekutanga kwekutanga kwekuenzanisa kwehutano hwepabonde kunze kwemamiriro ose evanhu kwakashandiswa pamusana pemaitiro ekutsvakurudza, uye zvinoreva mifananidzo zvakasikwa pane imwe nyaya. One-sampu t-Zvifananidzo zvezvifananidzo zvinoshandiswa kutarisa zvinokonzera boka reboka mumapoka ega ega mumifananidzo yakasiyana yakagadzirwa mumunhu akaongorora. Two-sample t-zviitiko zvakaitwa kuti zvione kusiyana kwemapoka maviri europi kupindura muhutano hwepabonde maererano nemamiriro emunhu wese. Uyezve, kuongororwa kwekorrelational kwakatungamirirwa chete muboka reFB kuti rione nzvimbo dzekushandura dzakabatana nekuoma kwehupombwe hwehutano maererano neSAST-R. Nemhaka yokuti kusiyana kwevhesi yemibvunzo yepamusoro kungave kwakanyanyisa kudarika kujekesa zvakakosha kuwirirana muboka rekutonga, kuongororwa kwehurumende hakuitikwi muboka rekutonga. P inokosha pasi peiyo 0.05 (False Discovery Rate, yakarongedzwa, mashizha emusasa ≥ 20) kana 0.001 (isina kukonzerwa, mashizha emusasa ≥ 20) yaionekwa seakakosha pamabasa europi sezvo mazinga aya anogamuchirwa mune zvidzidzo zveFMRI. Zvose zvinoratidzira zvevhexel dzakashandiswa zvinoratidzwa seMNI inoratidzira muTables 3, 4.
Iko muzana inoratidza shanduko yakabudiswa kubva kuRegions of Interest (ROIs) zvichienderana nemigumisiro ye-pakati-boka uye kuwirirana kuongororwa [kureva, thalamus pamwe chete, rakarurama dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), nharasi yakasara yakasara, right supramarginal gyrus, uye yakarurama dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus] ne MarsBaR (http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/marsbar). I-ROIs yakasikwa nekuisa 5-mm sphere kumativi ose ehurongwa akabudiswa muTables 3, 4. Kuti uongorore zviitiko zvemukati zvemhinduro ye hemodynamic, nguva yeBOLD signal yedzidzo yakabudiswawo kubva kuRII panguva yekuratidzwa kwehutano hwepabonde (huwandu hwe12 s; 5 s uye 7 s pashure) kune vose vatori vechikamu. Nguva iyo zvidzidzo zvaive zvichienzaniswa kune avo vatori vechikamu muboka rimwe nerimwe.
Sekutsvaga kwekutsvaga kwekugadzirisa kuverenga chiyero chekubatanidza, hukama pakati pezvikamu paSAST-R neHBI uye pesikisi yemazana inoshandiswa muRII yakabva pamigumisiro yekuongororwa kwekubatanidza (Tafura 4) yakaongororwa muboka re PHB neSSPSS 22.
Results
Migumisiro yePsychological Assessments
Pamusoro pehutungamiri hweHNUMX hutano hwakanaka, humwe chete humwe hunoti humwe humwe pfungwa kunze kwekuita zvepabonde kukurudzira mukupindurwa kwezvinhu zvitatu zvepabonde. Mumwe mubatanidzwa muboka rinodzora akaratidza kuti zviitiko zviviri zvepabonde pakati pehupombwe hwe 20 zvakakonzera kushorwa nekutsamwa, asi mumwewo muboka iri muboka rekutonga akaratidza kuti imwe yeruzhinji rwepabonde yakakonzera kushamisika. Iyi mifananidzo mitatu yekuita zvepabonde iyo yakakonzera kunzwa kunze kwekukwirirana kwepabonde kwakabviswa kubva pakutsvakurudza kwedata.
Anozvimirira t-kanyanya kuratidza kuti hakuna misiyano yeboka muhupamhi hwevhiriji uye inomutsa mukupindura kune zvepabonde [valence: t(43) = 0.14, p> 0.05, Cohen's d = 0.042; arousal: t(43) = 0.30,p> 0.05, Cohen's d = 0.089]. Uyezve, chiyero chekuita zvepabonde pakati pezvifananidzo zve 20 zvakasvibisa chido chepabonde svakaziva kuti boka reFBB rakanzwa chido chepabonde kakawanda kupfuura boka rekutonga munguva yekutsvaga zvekuita zvepabondei [t(43) = 3.23, p <0.01, Cohen's d = 0.960]. Tiye anowedzera zvekuita zvepabonde akaratidza kuti boka reBPHB rakava nerunyararo rukuru rwepabonde kune boka rekutungamirira mukupindura kumifananidzo yekukurudzira zvepabonde [t(43) = 14.3, p <0.001, Cohen's d = 4.26]. Migumisiro yekuongorora kwepfungwa inoratidzwa muTebvu 2.
TABLE 2
Tafura 2. Psychological assessment results.
fMRI Results
Muchikamu cheFB, kushandiswa kwakaratidzwa munzvimbo yepakati nepakati pfupi pasi pegyri gyri [Brodmann nzvimbo (BA) 9], cuneus / precuneus (BA 7, 18, uye 19), striatum, thalamus, uye cingulate gyri (BA 24 ne32 ) mukupindura nezvekuita zvepabonde kana zvichienzaniswa nehutano husina kunaka. Ineboka rekudzora, kushandiswa kwakaratidzwa mukati mepakati nepakati pepakati pezvishoma gyri (BA 9), cuneus / precuneus (BA 7, 18, uye 19), striatum, thalamus, uye kuruboshwe rwegyrus (BA 24) (rakagadziriswa Izvo Zvokuwana Rate,p <0.05).
Mukati--kutsvaga kweboka, boka reFB rakaratidza kushandiswa kwakanyanya mune zvakakodzera doral anterior cingulate cortex (dACC; BA 24 ne32), thalami yakafanana, yakasiyiwa inonzi caudate nucleus, yakarurama DLPFC (BA 9, 46), uye right supramarginal gyrus (BA 40) maererano nekushandiswa kweboka rinodzora panguva yekutarisana nezvido zvepabonde zvakaenzaniswa nehutano husina kunaka. Hapana nharaunda dzeuropi muboka rekutonga dzakaratidza kushandiswa kukuru pane muboka reFBB. Zvose zvibatanidza zvevhexel dzakagadzirwa zvinoratidzwa seMNI inoratidzira muTables 3, 4. Mufananidzo 2 inoratidza huwandu hwemazana hunochinja muhutungamiri nemapoka eFB mumamiriro ezvinhu ega ega (zvichireva, zvepabonde uye dzisina mamiriro ezvinhu) zveMDC dzakasarudzwa, uye Mufananidzo 3 inoratidza nguva yakatarwa yakatevedzana yeboka rimwe nerimwe rezana rezana rinoshanduka pane imwe nguva inowanikwa muRUI panguva yekuratidzwa kwehutano hwepabonde (chiyero che12 s; 5 uye 7 s pashure) zvichienderana nemigumisiro yepakati pekuongorora boka.
TABLE 3
Tafura 3. Nzvimbo dzebongo dzinozivikanwa nekuongorora boka.
Tafura 4. Nzvimbo dzebongo dzakagadziriswa muchirongwa chekorrelational muboka re PHB munguva yekutsvaga zvido zvepabonde.
FIGURE 2
Mufananidzo 2. Mhinduro dzepakati--kuongorora kweboka. (A) Bilateral thalamus (MNI coordinate; x = 6, y = -36, z = 4) (B) Right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (MNI coordinate;x = 56, y = 10, z = 22) (C) Kubva kuruboshwe rutsva (MNI coordinate; x = -38, y = -32, z = 2)(D) Right supramarginal gyrus (MNI coordinate; x = 50, y = -42, z = 32) (E) Zvakanaka kuderedza anterior cingulate gyrus (MNI coordinate; x = 24, y = -16, z = 34). Migumisiro yezvienzanidzo zvekushanda mune zvepabonde zvisingaiti zvido zvepabonde pakati peFB uye mapoka ekudzora (p <0.05, Yenhema Discovery Rate, yakagadziriswa). Boka rinodzora uye boka rePHB rinomiririrwa sebhuruu uye tsvuku, zvichiteerana. Iyo y-axis inoratidza shanduko yechiratidzo muzana uye mabara ekukanganisa anomiririra Standard Error yeiyo Inorehwa.
FIGURE 3
Mufananidzo 3. Nguva yenguva yemhinduro ye hemodynamic munharaunda imwe neimwe inofarira.(A) Bilateral thalamus (MNI coordinate; x = 6, y = -36, z = 4) (B) Right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (MNI coordinate; x = 56, y = 10, z = 22) (C) Kubva kuruboshwe rutsva (MNI coordinate; x = -38, y = -32, z = 2) (D) Right supramarginal gyrus (MNI coordinate; x = 50, y = -42, z = 32) (E) Zvakanaka kuderedza anterior cingulate gyrus (MNI coordinate; x = 24, y = -16, z = 34). Iyo y-axis uye x-axis inoratidza chiratidzo chepakati chekuchinja uye nguva (s), pamwe chete, uye mapurisa ekukanganisa anomiririra Standard Error of the Mean.
Kuongorora kwekuwirirana kwenharaunda dzaive dzakabatana neSAST-R dzakaratidza kuti thalamus yakarurama uye DLPFC (BA 9) yakabatana neSAST-R chikoro (p <0.001, isina kugadziriswa) muboka rePHB panguva yekuratidzwa kune zvekuita zvepabonde, sezvinoratidzwa muTebvu 4. Tiye anoguma ekutsvakurudza kwekutsvaga kwakaratidza kuti pesenti yezana yechinje shanduko yakange yakabviswa kubva kurudyi thalamus uye DLPFC yakabatana zvikuru nechisimba chehupombwe, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 4. Iko muzana inofanirwa kuchinja mune thalamus yakarurama uye yakarurama DLPFC yakabatanidzwa zvakanaka pamwe neSAST-R chikoro muboka reFB panguva yekutsvaga zvido zvepabonde (right thalamus: r = 0.74, n = 23, p <0.01; kurudyi DLPFC: r = 0.63, n = 23, p <0.01). Uye zvakare, iyo muzana chiratidzo chinoshanduka mune kurudyi DLPFC uye kurudyi thalamus zvaive zvine hukama zvine hukama neiyo HBI zvibodzwa muboka rePHB (kurudyi thalamus: r = 0.65, n = 23, p <0.01; kurudyi DLPFC: r = 0.53, n = 23, p <0.01), sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 4.
FIGURE 4
Mufananidzo 4. Migumisiro yechirongwa chekugadzirisa. Kuruboshwe, kushanda magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) correlational analysis. Nzvimbo dziri kuratidza kuwirirana kwakakura pakati pebasa reuropi munguva yekuda zvepabonde uye Kuita zvepabonde kuedza kuongorora-R (SAST-R) scores (p <0.001, isina kugadziriswa). Kurudyi, hukama hwakaenzana pakati peiyo muzana chiratidzo chinoshandurwa chakatorwa munzvimbo imwe neimwe uye zvikukutu zvebonde [kureva., SAST-R uye Hypersexual Behaeve Inventory (HBI) zvibodzwa]. Iyo x-axis inoratidza kuomarara kwepabonde zvikoro, uye iyo y-axis inomiririra iyo muzana chiratidzo shanduko. (A) Bilateral thalamus (MNI coordinate; x = 4, y = -32, z = 6) (B) Right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (MNI coordinate; x = 56, y = 8, z = 22).
hurukuro
Chidzidzo chezvino chiri chekuongorora kana paiva nekusiyana mune zvehutano hwepabonde pakati pevanhu vane PHB uye kutonga kwakanaka uye, kana zvakadaro, kana mutsauko uyu wakabatana nekushandurwa kwebasa mumagadzirirwo emagariro ehutano mune zvevanhu. Sezvakagara zvataurwa, boka reFB rakaratidza zvikuru kuwedzera maitiro ehupombwe uye kuchinjwa kushandiswa mu PFC uye nzvimbo dzakasvibiswa dzichienzaniswa nekutonga. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti kushandiswa kwebasa mumakwikwi emagetsi ehurumende anongoratidzira chishuvo-chinokonzerwa nechido chepabonde chakanga chakafanana neavo vari kupindura kukura kwekuparidzira kune vanhu vane zvinodhaka kana zvinodhaka (Garavan et al., 2000; Tapert et al., 2003; Crockford et al., 2005; Franklin et al., 2007;Ko et al., 2009; McClernon et al., 2009). Voon et al. (2014) yakashuva chishuvo chisina kujairika uye kuchinja kushanda munzvimbo dzakabatana nechishuwo chakakosha kune vanhu vanomanikidzira kuita zvepabonde. Takadzokorora uye takawedzera mitsva iyi nekutsvaga nguva dzakatevedzana dzekushanda panguva yose ye12 s munzvimbo dzakabatana nechido chepabonde.
Sokufungidzirwa, kuongororwa kwemigumisiro yekuongororwa kwepfungwa kwakaratidza kuti boka reBPHB rakaratidza chido chepabonde chinowanzodiwa kupfuura boka rekutonga munguva yekutsvaga zvido zvepabonde, izvo zvakaratidza kuti boka iri rine chidziro chepasi chechido chepabonde. Apo chido chepabonde chakakonzerwa, boka reFB rakaratidza hukuru hwechido chekuita zvepabonde kunze kweboka rinodzora. Ichi chigumisiro chakanga chakaenderana neakawanikwa kare kune vanhu vane PHB boka (Laier et al., 2013; Laier uye Brand, 2014; Voon et al., 2014), kunyanya kuratidza kuti chido chekuona zvinonyadzisira chingaita basa rinokosha mukuita zvepabonde paIndaneti.
Migumisiro yehupombwe inopindura zvido zvepabonde zvakagadziriswa zvakajeka nezvakaitika kare zvakagadziriswa nehutano izvo zvakaratidza kuti basa rinoonekwa munzvimbo dzeuropi dzinobatanidzwa mune zvepabonde zvinoda kana kuti zvinokurudzira / kutarisira, pamwe nekuda zvepabonde kana kumutsa / kupedza, apo vose vatora akafuridzirwa kuita zvepabondei (Georgiadis naKingelbach, 2012). Migumisiro yeboka rinofananidzwa neuropi imaging rakaratidzwa rakashandurwa kushandiswa muzvakanaka DLPFC (BA 9) uye nzvimbo dzakasununguka, kusanganisira dACC yakarurama (BA 24 ne32), yakasara yakagadziriswa nucleus, right supramarginal gyrus (BA 40), uye yakarurama thalamus, uye izvi zvingashandurwa zvinogona kuenzaniswa nemafambiro ekuzvibata eboka reFBB. Mukuwedzera kwehuropi kushandiswa, takarongedza nguva dzenguva dzemhinduro dzehumodynamic munzvimbo idzi munguva uye mushure mekumuka kwechido chepabonde munzvimbo idzi.
Pakati pezvikamu izvi, kuruboshwe rwunonzi caudate nucleus nekodzero ACC (BA 24 ne32) uye kodzero DLPFC inofungidzirwa kuti inobatanidzwa nechishuvo chekuita zvepabonde. Kubatanidzwa kwechikamu chekugadziriswa mukukurudzira uye mubayiro kugadziriswa kunogona kukonzera kugadzirisa kwaro kugadzirisa zvepabonde (Delgado, 2007). Dorsaal striatum inoshandiswa panguva yemubairo kutarisira (Delgado, 2007), iyo inogona kuratidza chido chinosanganiswa nekutarisira kwakadaro. Mukutsvaga mhinduro dzemapurisa dzinobatanidza nekuona zvinonyadzisira kushandiswa, nguva dzose kushandiswa semugumisiro wekuona zvinonyadzisira kunogona kukonzera kupfeka uye kuderedzwa kwetambatum, kusanganisira nucleus caudate, mune utano hwakanaka (Kühn naGallinat, 2014). Zvisinei, mune zvidzidzo zvemazuva ano, kushandiswa kukuru kwakachengetwa mumusana wekudzivirira muboka re PHB, kunyange zvazvo boka reFB rakatarisa zvinonyadzisira kakawanda. Kusiyana uku pakati pemigumisiro yechiridzo ino uye ye Kühn naGallinat (2014) inogona kutsanangurwa nemusiyano kune vatori vechikamu. Izvi zvinopesana nekushandiswa kwevanhu vakwegura vane hutano muchidzidzo chekare, kudzidza kwedu kwakaitwa kune vanhu vane PHB. Kuunganidza humwe uchapupu hunoratidza kuti nucleus yakagadzikana inokosha pakukurudzira-kupindura tsika yekudzidza nekuchengetedzwa kwekuita zvinodhaka (Vanderschuren na Everitt, 2005). Kushandiswa kwechikamu chekunyora munharaunda ino kunogona kuratidza kuti kurara kwepabonde-reactivity inogadziriswa mushure mokudzokidzwa zvakare kune hutano hwepabonde.
DACC inozivikanwa kuti inowirirana nenzira dzinokurudzira zvechido chepabonde (Redouté et al., 2000; Arnow et al., 2002; Hamann et al., 2004; Ferretti et al., 2005; Ponseti et al., 2006; Paul et al., 2008). Zvatinowana zveDACC kushandiswa zvinoratidza kuti zvine chikamu mukuchiva kwepabonde, uye izvi zvinowanikwa zvakafanana nezvo zvekudzidza pamusoro pezvido zvinoshuva neural nehutano mune zvidzidzo nekumanikidzira maitiro ekuita zvepabonde (Voon et al., 2014). Mukuwedzera, dACC inozivikanwa kuva yakakosha mukugadzirisa kwekutanga kwekuita maitiro-maitiro kuburikidza nekuita kurwisana kunopesana pakati pekuda kwekutaura kwekutaura uye kubviswa kwekukurudzira (Devinsky et al., 1995; Arnow et al., 2002;Karama et al., 2002; Moulier et al., 2006; Safron et al., 2007). Neuroanatomically, iyo dACC inotungamirira kune DLPFC uye parietal lobe (Devinsky et al., 1995; Pizzagalli et al., 2001). Muchidzidzo ichi, kushandiswa muDACC mumapoka eFB kunogona kuratidza kukakavadzana kwemukati pakati peshuvo yekuratidza zvepabonde sezviito uye chido chekudzivisa mafungiro nekuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu emamiriro ezvinhu panguva yekuratidzwa kwezvido zvepabonde.
Kushandiswa kwe-supramarginal gyrus kunosanganiswa nekuwedzera kwezvinangwa zvinonzwisiswa sehutano hwepabonde (Redouté et al., 2000; Stoléru et al., 2012). Ongororo dzakapfuura dzakaronga kuti kuwedzera kukurudzira kugadzirisa zvepabonde kunoita basa rinokosha mukuchengetedza chido chepabonde (Barlow, 1986; Janssen uye Everaerd, 1993) uye yakabatana nekunzwa kwepabonde vachitsvaga (Kagerer et al., 2014). Muchidzidzo chezvino, supramarginal activation inogona kuratidza kukoshesa kwakanyanya kwakabhadharwa neFB pane zvido zvepabonde uye izvo zvingaita kuti zvikamu zvepamusoro zvechishuwo chepabonde zvichienzaniswa neboka rinodzora.
Pakati pematunhu akashandiswa zvikuru pakati pemigumisiro yeboka, DLPFC uye thalamus zvakabatana zvakananga nekuoma kwekuita zvepabonde mumusoro weFB. Takaona hukuru thalamus activation, iyo yakanga yakaenderana nezvakawanikwa kare zvedzidzo zvekuita zvepabonde (Redouté et al., 2000; Moulier et al., 2006). Maererano nezvidzidzo zvekare pamusoro pechishuwo chepabonde, kushandiswa kwethalamus kwakabatana nemhinduro dzepanyama (kureva, kugadzirira kuita zvepabonde) izvo zvinokonzerwa nechishuwo chepabonde uye zvakanyatsobatanidzwa ne penile erection (MacLean naPloog, 1962; Redouté et al., 2000; Moulier et al., 2006). Sezvineiwo, takawanawo nzvimbo yakakwirira uye yakawanda yehemodynamic mu thalamus kana ichienzaniswa nezvayo mukutonga. Izvi zvakapararira uye zvakapararira zvingaitwa nehumodynamic zvinogona kuratidza kuti kumutsa kwepabonde kwakasimba uye kwakapedzisira kune vanhu vane PHB.
Zvakafanana nekuwana kwekutsvakurudza pamabasa ekutsvaga neural muvanhu vane hupombwe munguva yekuchiva-induced desire, takawana kuchinjwa PFC basa mubato re PHB. PFC inotora basa rinokosha pakugadzirisa ramangwana nekushanda (Bonson et al., 2002). Neuroanatomically, PFC inobatanidza kune nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira dACC, nucleus caudate, uye parietal lobe (Devinsky et al., 1995; Pizzagalli et al., 2001; Goldman-Rakic naLeung, 2002). Zvidzidzo zvakapfuura nezvekupindwa muropa zvakaratidza kuti kusagadzikana kweiyi netiweki, kusanganisira iyo PFC, inoenderana nemutemo wePFC wezviitiko zvemubhadharo wetsiva uye kubatanidzwa kwayo munzvimbo yepamusoro-soro, kusanganisira kuzvidzora, kugona kugona, uye kuziva (Goldman-Rakic naLeung, 2002; Feil et al., 2010; Goldstein uye Volkow, 2011; Kühn naGallinat, 2014). Kunyanya, zvidzidzo izvi zvakaona kusvhiringidzwa kwebasa reDLPFC sechiremera muhutano hwekuita, izvo zvinoguma nezviratidzo, zvakadai sekuwedzera kwekunzwisisika kwechirwere chekunyadzisa sezviri muzvinhu zvakasvibiswa uye zvinodhakwa maitiro uye kuderedza kufarira kune zvinowanzopa mubayiro (Goldman-Rakic naLeung, 2002; Goldstein uye Volkow, 2011). Muchidzidzo chezvino, kutarisa kwekuwedzera DLPFC kushandiswa muboka reFB kuenzaniswa neboka rinodzora rinogona kuratidza hunyengeri hukuru hunopiwa kune zvepabonde.
Mukupfupisa, boka reFBB rakaratidza chido chakakura chepabonde chakange chichibatanidzwa nekushanda kwehuropi. Izvi zvakaonesa kuti boka reBPHB rinogona kubhadhara zvakanyanya kugadzirisa zvepabonde uye kuti rinogona kunge rakagadzirisa mhinduro nokuti mhinduro yepabonde kune zvido zvepabonde haikwanisi kuyananirana zvakanaka. Kukanganisa kwekudzidza kwemazuva ano kwakadai. Chokutanga, nhangemutange yenyaya yacho yaiva Asia. Chechipiri, chidzidzo ichi chaisanganisira nyaya dzepabonde chete, uye zvidzidzo zvemangwana zvine chokuita nevakadzi nevanhurume nevarume vanoita zvoungochani vanofanira kuve nekubatsira pakunzwisisa PBB. PHB nyaya nekubatana kwepfungwa dzepfungwa dzakanga dzisingabatanidzwi mune zvidzidzo zvemazuva ano, kuitira kuti kuve nekutsvakurudza kwekushongedzwa kweeural nechokuita maererano neFBB chete. Zvisinei, maererano nechidzidzo che Weiss (2004), 28% yevarume vane PHB vanotambura nekutambudzika kukuru kwepfungwa. Kutora zvinhu izvi pamwe chete kunogadzirisa kuti generalizability yekudzidza inoguma kusvika kuhuwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu vose. Pakupedzisira, mapoka acho maviri angave akasiyana nekuremekedza kuzviziva uye / kana kunzwa kwekunzwa nekuda kwekurapwa kwevatambi vechiFB. Takaedza kuderedza kusiyanisa pakati pekudzora uye mapoka eFB nekukwirirana kwezvinhu zvinokosha zvevanhu, kusanganisira makore, dzidzo yepamusoro, uye kupiwa, nekuenzanisa nekushandisa zviito zvakanyanyisa zvekuregererwa, zvakadai sokuvapo kwehutano hwepfungwa uye kushandiswa ikozvino psychotropic mishonga, kumapoka ose maviri. Zvadaro, tinoronga kuongorora kuti mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzehutano kana chirwere chinoshandiswa chinokanganisa mhinduro dzemanzwiro, kusanganisira mhinduro kune zvepabonde, yevanhu vane PHB.
Pasinei nezvikwereti izvi, migumisiro yechirongwa ichi inobatsira zvikuru mabhuku uye ine zvakakosha pakutsvakurudza mune ramangwana. Takaona humwe hutano hwehutano hwakabatanidzwa zvakananga nechishuwo chepabonde uye kuchinja kwemazuva mumabasa ematunhu aya pakati pezvidzidzo neFBB. Kungofanana nehuropi yekufungidzira zvidzidzo pamusoro pezvinhu uye kushaya tsika, PHB yakanga yakabatana nekushanda kwemaitiro muPFC uye nzvimbo dzakasununguka, kunyange pasina neurotoxicity yemishonga. Zvigumisiro zvedu zvino zvinobatsira pakuratidzira maitiro uye mafungiro ehutano ehutano hwevanhu vane PHB, uye enda danho riri mberi kwezvitsanangudzo zvemamiriro akaita sezvidzidzo zvekare.
Mari
Iri basa rakatsigirwa neKorea Basic Science Institute (No. E35600) uye ruzivo rwekutsvakurudza kwe2014 Chungnam National University.
Kurwisana kweShoko Nyaya
Vanyori vanotaura kuti kutsvakurudza kwakaitwa mukusabatwa kweukama hwekutengeserana kana hwezvemari hunogona kunzi sekugona kukakavara kwechido.
Kutenda
Vanyori vanoda kuonga Korea Basic Science Institute yekubvumira kuti chidzidzo ichi chiitwe kuDhipatimendi reHuman Imaging Center nekushandisa 3T MRI scanner (Phillips).
Supplementary Material
Iyo Supplementary Material yechinyorwa ichi inogona kuwanikwa online pa: http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00321
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Keywords: kunetsa maitiro ehupombwe, chishuwo chebonde, inoshanda magineti resonance imaging, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, hemodynamic mhinduro
Citation: Seok JW naSohn JH (2015) Neural Substrates Zvekuita Zvepabonde muVanhu Vane Matambudziko Ehupombwe.Front. Behav. Neurosci. 9: 321. doi: 10.3389 / fnbeh.2015.00321
Yakagamuchirwa: 18 Chikumi 2015; Yakagamuchirwa: 10 Mbudzi 2015;
Yakabudiswa: 30 Mbudzi 2015.
Rakapepetwa:
Morten L. Kringelbach, University of Oxford, UK uye University of Aarhus, Denmark, UK
Akaongororwa nevanhu:
Matthias Brand, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Janniko Georgiadis, University Medical Center Groningen, Netherlands
Copyright © 2015 Seok naSohn. Ichi chinyorwa chakavhurika-chekupinda chakaparadzirwa pasi pemitemo ye Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). Kushandiswa, kugoverwa kana kubereka mune mamwe maforamu kunobvumirwa, kunze kwekuti munyori wepakutanga (s) kana kuti chikwama ichibvumirwa uye kuti mabhuku ekutanga mumagazini ino anotsanangurwa, maererano neyakagamuchira tsika yechikoro. Hapana kushandisa, kugovera kana kubereka kunobvumirwa izvo zvisingawirirani nemashoko aya.
* Mutauro: Jin-Hun Sohn, [email inodzivirirwa]
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