NZVIMBO: Kunyange zvazvo zvakanyatsoratidzwa, zvakasiya zvakawanda zvidzidzo zvakaunganidzwa peji ino: Dzidzo dzeBongo paVatengi Vechioni. Zvichida bepa racho rakaendeswa pamberi pebhuku rezvidzidzo. Mukuwedzera, kuongorora hakuparadzanisi "hupombwe" kubva kune internet kupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka. Izvo zvakati, mhedzisiro yakajeka.
"Tichiunganidzwa pamwe chete, humbowo hwunoita sehunoreva kuti shanduko pamberi pechiuno, amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, septum, uye nzvimbo dzehuropi dzinogadzira mubairo dzinotora chinzvimbo chakakosha mukubuda kwehupombwe. Dzidzo yegenetic uye neuropharmacological nzira dzekurapa dzinoratidza kubatanidzwa kweiyo dopaminergic system. ”
International Review of Neurobiology
S. Kühn*, †, , , J. Gallinat*
- * University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Clinic uye Polyclinic yePsychiatry uye Psychotherapy, Hamburg, Germany
- † Centre for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
Inowanika paIndaneti 31 May 2016
ngovepo
Kusvikira ikozvino, hupombwe husina kuwanikwa hunoona kupinda mune zvinowanzoongororwa zvirongwa zvekutsvaga. Kunyange zvakadaro inowanzokurukurwa chiitiko chinosanganisira chido chakanyanya chepabonde icho chiri maladaptive kune mumwe munhu. Ongororo yepakutanga yakatsvaga maitiro ehutano hwehutano hwehutano hwehutano, asi mabhuku anhasi haasati akakwana kuti awane mhedziso isina kufanira. Muchirongwa chezvino, tinopfupikisa uye tinokurukura zvitsva kubva pane zvakasiyana-siyana: kuongorora neuroonic and lesion zvidzidzo, zvidzidzo pane zvimwe zvirwere zvehutano izvo dzimwe nguva zvinosangana nehutano hwepabonde, neuropharmacological uchapupu, genetic pamwe nekudzidza kwemhuka. Zvakatorwa pamwechete, humwe uchapupu hunoratidzika sehwupi hunoreva kuti kuchinja kwepamberi ye lobe, amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, septum, uye hutano nzvimbo dzinogadzirisa mubayiro inobata basa rinokosha pakubuda kwehupombwe. Genetic studies uye neuropharmacological nzira dzokurapa dzinosvika pakubatanidzwa kwe dopaminergic system.
Keywords: Zvepabonde zvinodhaka; Kuita zvepabonde zvepabonde; Hypersexuality; Kuwedzeresa kusingarapiki kuita zvepabonde
ZVIMWE ZVIMWE ZVAKAITIKA
4. NEUROIMAGING CORRELATES OF HYPERSEXUALITY
Ongororo dzakawanda dzakatsvaga iyo neural correlates yekumutsa pabonde mukupindura zvinoonekwa zvekushushikana mukuenzanisa neasina kwazvakarerekera mashandisiro uchishandisa anoshanda magineti resonance imaging (fMRI). Mune meta-ongororo pane dzakawanda neuroimaging zvidzidzo kuongorora mhinduro dzehuropi kune anoonekwa eerotic cues anoitwa mune varume vanoita bonde, takawana kutendeuka pane zvese zvidzidzo muBOLD activation munzvimbo dzinoverengeka dzinosanganisira hypothalamus, thalamus, amygdala, anterior cingulate gyrus (ACC), insula, fusiform gyrus , precentral gyrus, parietal cortex, uye occipital cortex (Kuhn & Gallinat, 2011a) (Fig. 1). Mune zvidzidzo zvakaratidza mhinduro dzehuropi dzakabatana neyechiratidzo chebonde rekumutsa (semuenzaniso, penile tumescence), takawana kuomarara kunoitwa muzvidzidzo mu hypothalamus, thalamus, bilateral insula, ACC, postcentral gyrus, uye occipital gyrus. Yakapfuura pamberi pekortex Medial frontal cortex Temporal cortex Anterior cingate cortex Cuadate Thalamus Amygdala Hippocampus Insula Nucleus accumbens Hypothalamus. Fig. 1 Matunhu anogona kuve anobatanidzwa mune zvehupombwe (septum haina kuratidzwa).
Mune zvidzidzo umo chiitiko chehuropi chakatariswa panguva yegasm yevarume nevakadzi, activation yakataurwa mune dopaminergic nzira dzinobva ku ventral tegmentum (VTA) (Holstege et al., 2003) kune iyo nucleus accumbens (Komisaruk et al., 2004; Komisaruk , Akachenjera, Frangos, Birbano, & Allen, 2011). Chiitiko chakaonekwawo mucerebellum uye iyo ACC (Holstege et al., 2003; Komisaruk et al., 2004, 2011). Mumadzimai chete, kumberi kwekortical brain activation kwakaonekwa panguva yegasm (Komisaruk & Whipple, 2005). Mune cue-reactivity kudzidza pamusoro pecocaine-vakapindwa muropa nevarwere, vanhu vakaunzwa nezviratidzo zvekuona zvine chekuita necocaine kana bonde (Childress et al., 2008). Sezvineiwo, mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza nzvimbo dzakafanana dzehuropi kuti dziitwe panguva dzezvekuita nezvezvinodhaka uye zvine chekuita nezvepabonde zviri munharaunda yemubairo uye limbic system, iri muVTA, amygdala, nucleus accumbens, orbitofrontal, uye insular cortex. Vamwe vakataura fanano muiyo cerebral activation chimiro mukupindura zvinokonzeresa zvepabonde uye rudo nekubatana (Frascella, Potenza, Brown, & Childress, 2010).
Chidzidzo chimwe chete kusvika parinhasi chine, kune ruzivo rwedu, chakaongorora musiyano muhuropi hwekumisikidza pakati pevatori vechikamu vane uye vasina hupombwe panguva yekufungidzira-reactivity fMRI basa (Voon et al., 2014). Vanyori vanotaura pamusoro peACC, ventral striatal, uye amygdala chiitiko mune vanhu vane hupombwe kana zvichienzaniswa nevaya vasina. Idzo nzvimbo dzakagadziriswa dzinowirirana nenzvimbo dzehuropi dzatakaona mune meta-ongororo kuti igare yakagadziriswa muzvinodhaka-zvekuchiva maparagidhi pamhando dzakasiyana dzezvinodhaka zvinodhaka (K € uhn & Gallinat, 2011b). Uku kufanana kwedunhu kunopa kumwe kutsigira kweruzivo rwekuti hupombwe hungave hwakafanana zvakanyanya nezvinetso zvekupindwa muropa. Chidzidzo chakaitwa naVoon nevamwe vaaishanda navo chakaratidzawo kuti kubatana kwakanyanya kweACC-striatal- amygdala network kwakabatana nechishuwo chepabonde chakataurwa ("kuda" mukupindura mubvunzo "Izvi zvakawedzera zvakadii kuda kwako pabonde?" Kwete "kufarira "Yakaongororwa nemubvunzo" Wakafarira sei vhidhiyo iyi? ") Kune yakakwira degree kune varwere vane hupombwe. Zvakare, varwere vane hupombwe hwakaratidza huwandu hwepamusoro "hwekuda" asi kwete hwe "kufarira." Iko kupatsanurana pakati pe "kuda" uye "kufarira" kwave kufungidzirwa kuti kuitike kana imwe tsika ikava kupindwa muropa mukati megadziriro.
yeiyo inonzi yekukurudzira-salience dzidziso yekupindwa muropa (Robinson & Berridge, 2008).
Mune ongororo ye electroencephalography pane vatori vechikamu vanonyunyuta nezvematambudziko ekudzora mashandisiro avo einternet zvinonyadzisira, zviitiko zvine chekuita nezvezviitiko (ERPs), zvinoti P300 amplitudes mukupindura kunetswa uye zvekuita zvepabonde, zvakaedzwa kushamwaridzana nemibvunzo yemibvunzo inoongorora hupombwe uye chishuwo chebonde (kuda (Steele, Staley, Fong, & Prause, 2013). Iyo P300 yanga iine hukama nemaitiro ekucherechedza uye iri muchikamu inogadzirwa muACC. Vanyori vanodudzira kusavapo kwekubatana pakati pemibvunzo yemibvunzo uye ERP amplitudes sekutadza kutsigira mamodheru apfuura ehupombwe. Mhedziso iyi yakashoropodzwa seisina kukodzera nevamwe (Rudo, Laier, Brand, Hatch, & Hajela, 2015; Watts & Hilton, 2011).
Mune ongororo ichangoburwa neboka redu, takatora vanhurume vane hutano hwakanaka uye takabatana maawa avo ekuzvipupurira avakashandisa nezvinhu zvekuona zvinonyadzisira nemhinduro yavo yeFMRI kumifananidzo yepabonde pamwe nehuropi hwavo morphology (Kuhn & Gallinat, 2014). Maawa mazhinji vatori vechikamu vakataura vachidya zvinonyadzisira, iwo madiki iwo BOLD mhinduro kuruboshwe putamen mukupindura mifananidzo yepabonde. Uyezve, takaona kuti maawa mazhinji akapedzwa tichiona zvinonyadzisira zvaibatanidzwa neadiki grey nyaya vhoriyamu muiyo striatum, zvakanyatsonaka mukodhi chaiyo inosvika kune iyo ventral putamen. Isu tinofungidzira kuti huropi hwakagadziriswa huwandu hwehuwandu hunogona kuratidza mhedzisiro yekushivirira mushure mekushushikana kune zvekuita zvepabonde. Musiyano uripo pakati pemhedzisiro yakataurwa neVoon nevamwe vatinoshanda navo zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa nekuti vatori vechikamu vedu vakanyoreswa kubva muhuwandu hwevanhu uye havana kuongororwa sevanorwara nehupombwe. Zvisinei, zvinogona kunge zviri izvo kuti mifananidzo yezvinonyadzisira (zvakasiyana nemavhidhiyo sezvakashandiswa mukudzidza naVoon) zvingasagutsa nhasi vhidhiyo vanoona zvinonyadzisira, sezvakataurwa naRudo uye vashandi pamwe navo (2015). Panyaya yehukama hunoshanda, takaona kuti vatori vechikamu vanodya zvimwe zvinonyadzisira vakaratidza kusabatana kushoma pakati peiyo caudate yekurudyi (uko vhoriyamu yakawanikwa iri diki) uye kuruboshwe dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). DLPFC haina kuzivikanwa chete kuti inobatanidzwa mune zvehutongi mabasa asi zvakare inozivikanwa kuve inobatanidzwa mukuchereredza zvekare kune zvinodhaka. Kukanganiswa kwakasarudzika kwehukama hunoshanda pakati peDLPFC uye caudate zvakataurwawo muheroin-vakapindwa muropa nevatori vechikamu (Wang et al., 2013) iyo inoita iyo neural correlates yezvinonyadzisira zvakafanana neaya ari kupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka.
Chimwe chidzidzo chakaferefeta chimiro chechimiro chechimiro chakabatana nehupombwe hwakashandiswa kupatsanura tensor imaging uye yakataura yakakwira kureva diffusivity mune yakasarudzika chena nyaya turakiti munzvimbo yepamusoro yepamberi (Miner, Raymond, Mueller, Lloyd, & Lim, 2009) uye kusawirirana kwakashata pakati pekureva kusiyanisa mune ino turakiti uye zviyero mune yekumanikidza maitiro ehunhu hesheni. Vanyori ava zvakare vanotaura nezve kuita kwakanyanya mukushushikana muGo-NoGo basa muhupombwe kana ichienzaniswa nevatori vechikamu.
Kufananidzwa kwekudzivirira kwekushomeka kwakaratidzirwa mucocaine-, MDMA-, methamphetamine-, fodya-, uye vanhu vanovimba nedoro (Smith, Mattick, Jamadar, & Iredale, 2014). Chimwe chidzidzo chakaferefeta chimiro chehuropi muhupombwe kuburikidza nevoxel-based morphometry inogona kunge iri yekufarira pano, kunyangwe iyo sampuro yaive ne frontotemporal dementia varwere (Perry et al., 2014). Vanyori vanotaura kusangana pakati kurudyi ventral putamen uye pallidum atrophy uye maitiro ekutsvaga mubairo Nekudaro, vanyori vakabatanidza grey nyaya nemubairo wekutsvaga mubairo uyo waisanganisira mamwe maitiro akasiyana sekudya zvakanyanya (78%), kuwedzera doro kana kushandisa zvinodhaka (26%), kuwedzera kune hupombwe (17%).
Kutaura muchidimbu, uchapupu hwehunouroimaging hunoti kuve nekubatanidzwa kwenzvimbo dzehupi dzakabatanidzwa mukubhadhara kushandiswa, kusanganisira nucleus accumbens (kana kuti kakawanda inonzi striatum) uye VTA, zvivako zvepamusoro uye zvivako zvakadai seamygdala uye hypothalamus mune zvepabonde uye zvinogonawo kuita zvepabonde.
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