Comments: Maji aya e Ubongo Hunochinja Kwahwo (2007) nachiremba wepfungwa Norman Doidge akakosha zvakanyanya kune kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira, uye tsanangura kuti zvinonaka zvepaInternet zvinokwira sei (chiitiko chinodavirwa nenyanzvi nyanzvi "kubvumidza"). Kana uchida, verenga chitsauko chose: Kukura Zvinonaka Uye Vanoda.
- Ongorora 1: 2014 chinyorwa na Doidge: Zvepabonde paBongo: Ndeupi Unhu hweBongo Hunodzidzisa Pamusoro peInternet Porn.
- Ongorora 2: Rwokutsvaga zvidzidzo zvinobatanidza zvinonyadzisira kushandisa kune zvinetso zvepabonde.
Zvinyorwa kubva muchitsauko:
Dambudziko rekuona zvinonyadzisira rinopa kuratidzwa kwakajeka kuti zvinodiwa zvepabonde zvingawanikwa. Zvinonyadzisira, zvinowanikwa neInternet-speed connections, zvinogutsa chimwe nechimwe chezvinodiwa zvekushandura kweuroplastic [kuumba mutsara unoshandiswa neural-chinhu chikuru chekudhakwa].
Zvinonyadzisira zvinoratidzika, pakuona, kuva nyaya chaiyo yepanyama: mifananidzo inotsanangura zvepabonde inokurudzira mhinduro dzezvinyorwa, izvo zvinogadzirwa nemamiriyoni emakore ekushanduka. Asi kana izvozvo zvaiva zvechokwadi, zvinonyadzisira zvaizove zvisingachinji. Zvimwe zvinokonzera, nhengo dzomuviri uye zvakaenzana, izvo zvakafadza madzitateguru edu zvichatifadza. Izvi ndizvo zvingaita kuti vanyori vanoona zvinonyadzisira vatende, nokuti vanoti ivo vari kurwisana nekudzvinyirira zvepabonde, taboo, uye kutya uye kuti chinangwa chavo ndechokusunungura mararamiro epabonde.
Asi chaizvoizvo zvinyorwa zvekuona zvinonyadzisira ndey simba chiitiko chinonyatsoratidza kufambira mberi kwekuravira kunowanikwa. Makumi makumi matatu apfuura, "hardcore" zvinonyadzisira zvaowanzoreva iyo tsanangudzo kuratidzwa kwekusangana pabonde pakati pevakaroorana, kuratidza sikarudzi yavo. "Softcore" zvaireva mifananidzo yevakadzi, kazhinji, pamubhedha, muchimbuzi chavo, kana mune imwe semi-yerudo mamiriro, mune dzakasiyana nzvimbo dzekusimudza, mazamu akaburitswa.
Iye zvino hardcore yakachinja uye iri kuramba ichitungamirwa nematomusi esadomasochistic ekumanikidza bonde, ejaculations pazviso zvevakadzi, uye nehasha anal anal bonde, zvese zvinosanganisira zvinyorwa zvinokanganisa bonde neruvengo nekunyadziswa. Hardcore zvinonyadzisira izvozvi zvinoongorora nyika yekukanganisa, nepo softcore ikozvino iri hardcore yaive makumi mashoma apfuura, kurara pabonde pakati pevakuru, iko zvino kwave kuwanikwa paTV TV. Mifananidzo yakadzvanywa yakasarudzika yemazuvano-vakadzi mune dzakasiyana nzvimbo dzekusimudza-izvozvi vanoonekwa panhepfenyuro huru zuva rese, mune zvinonyadzisira zvese, kusanganisira terevhizheni, mavhidhiyo edombo, sipo opera, kushambadza, zvichingodaro.
Kukura kwezvinonyadzisira kwave kwakashamisa; iyo inofanirwa ne25 yezana yezvikwereti zvevhidhiyo uye ndeyechina chinowanzovhiringidza vanhu kuti vaende kuIndaneti. Tsvakurudzo yeMSNBC.com yevatariri mu2001 yakawana kuti 80 percent vakafunga kuti vaipedza nguva yakawanda pazvivara zvekuona zvinonyadzisa zvavakanga vachiisa ukama hwavo kana mabasa pangozi. Softcore mafungiro ekuona zvinonyadzisira iye zvino akaoma zvikuru nekuti, ikozvino kuti haasisiri kuvanzwa inobatsira vechidiki vane ruzivo rwepabonde zvishoma uye kunyanya pfungwa dzepurasitiki, mukugadzira kuita zvido zvavo zvepabonde nezvido. Asi hutachiona hwepurasitiki hwekuona zvinonyadzisira kune vanhu vakuru hunogonawo kuva hwakajeka, uye avo vanohushandisa havanzwisisi kukosha kwehupi hwavo.
Pakati pakati pekupedzisira kwe1990s, apo Indaneti yakanga ichikurumidza kukura uye zvinonyadzisira zvaiputika, ndakabata kana kuongorora varume vakawanda avo vose vakanga vane nyaya yakafanana. Mumwe nomumwe ainge awana ruzivo rwemhando yezvinonyadzisira izvo, kusvika pane zvishoma kana zvishoma, zvichivhiringidzika kana kumunyengedza, zvakange zvichishungurudza pamuitiro wekunakidza kwake zvepabonde, uye pakupedzisira zvakakanganisa ukama hwake uye zvepabonde.
Hapana mumwe wevarume ava akanga asina kunyanya kusangana, kushamwaridzana, kana kubviswa kubva munyika kuenda mune zvekuona zvinonyadzisira zvakange zvichishandura ukama nevakadzi chaivo. Idzi dzaive dzinofadza, dzinowanzofungidzirwa varume, mune hukama hwakanaka kana huroorana.
Kazhinji, pandakanga ndichirapa mumwe wevarume ava pane imwe dambudziko, aizoudza, anenge sega uye nekutaura kunetseka, kuti akazviwana achipedza nguva yakawanda paIndaneti, achitarisa zvinonyadzisira uye kuita bonhora. Anogona kuedza kuderedza kusuruvara kwake nekusimbisa kuti munhu wose akazviita. Mune zvimwe zviitiko aizotanga nokutarisa a Playboy-type site kana pamufananidzo usina kusimba kana pikicha iyo mumwe munhu amutumira semarara. Mune dzimwe nguva aizoshanyira nzvimbo isina kukuvadza, nechinhu chinonyadzisa chakamuendesa kunzvimbo dzekutengesa, uye munguva pfupi iye aizotorwa.
Vakawanda vevarume ava vakaudzawo chimwe chinhu, kazhinji pakupfuura, izvo zvakandibata. Vakashuma kuwedzera kuoma mukushandurwa nevakaroorana navo zvepabonde, vakaroorana kana vasikana, kunyange zvazvo vachiri kufunga kuti vakanyatsonaka. Pandakabvunza kana chiitiko ichi chaiva nehukama hwekuona zvinonyadzisira, vakapindura kuti pakutanga zvakabatsira kuti vawedzere kufara munguva dzepabonde asi nekufamba kwenguva zvakange zvakashata. Iye zvino, panzvimbo yekushandisa pfungwa dzavo kuti vafarire kuva pamubhedha, munguva ino, pamwe chete neshamwari dzavo, rudo ruchiwedzera rwavaida kuti vafungidzire kuti ivo vaiva chikamu chenyori yepabonde. Vamwe vakaedza kunyengetedza vadzivisi vavo kuti vaite sevanotora nyeredzi, uye ivo vainge vachida kufarira "fucking" kusiyana ne "kuita rudo." Kufungidzira kwavo zvepabonde kune huri kuwedzera kukurudzirwa nemamiriro ezvinhu aive nawo, saka vanodedzwa mu ubongo, uye izvi zvinyorwa zvitsva zvaiwanzova zvekare uye zvechisimba kudarika mafungiro avo epabonde. Ndakatora pfungwa yokuti humwe hutano hwepabonde varume ava hwaive huri kufa uye kuti ivo vakanga vava kutengesa zvepabonde paIndaneti.
Shanduko dzandakaona hadzina kungoitirwa vanhu vashoma pakurapa. Shanduko yemagariro iri kuitika. Kunyangwe kazhinji zvichinetsa kuwana ruzivo nezve zvakavanzika zvepabonde, izvi hazvisizvo nenyaya yezvinonyadzisira nhasi, nekuti kushandiswa kwayo kuri kuwedzera kuruzhinji. Iyi shanduko inoenderana neshanduko kubva pakuidaidza kuti "zvinonyadzisira" kune rinowanzoitika izwi rekuti "porn." Yebhuku rake paAmerican campus hupenyu, Ndiri Charlotte Simmons, Tom Wolfe akapedza makore akati wandei achicherekedza vadzidzi pazvikoro zveyunivhesiti. Mubhuku mukomana mumwe, Ivy Peters, anouya munzvimbo inogarwa nevarume ndokuti, "Pane munhu ane zvinonyadzisira?"
Wolfe anoenderera mberi achiti, “Ichi chaisava chikumbiro chisina kujairika. Vakomana vazhinji vaitaura pachena pamusoro pekuti vanoita bonyora sei kamwe chete zuva nezuva, sekunge iyi yaive nzira yekuchenjera yekuchengetedza maitiro epabonde. ” Mumwe wevakomana anoudza Ivy Peters, “Edza furati yechitatu. Vane magazini rimwe chete kumusoro uko. ” Asi Peters anopindura achiti, "Ndakavaka a kubvumidza kumagazini… ndinoda mavhidhiyo. ” Mumwe mukomana anoti, “Ah, f'r Chrissake, IP, inguva gumi husiku. Mune imwe awa ma cum dumpsters anotanga kuuya kuno kuzotandara husiku… Uye urikutsvaga mavhidhiyo ezvinonyadzisira uye bhurugwa. " Ipapo Ivy “akashinyira ndokusimudza zvanza zvake sekunge achiti, 'Ndinoda porn. Chii chakakosha? '”
Iko huru yacho ndeyeye kubvumidza. Anoziva kuti akafanana nemudzvinyiriri wezvinodhaka uyo asingakwanisi kukwira kumusoro pamifananidzo iyo yakambomudzosera. Uye njodzi ndeyokuti kushivirira uku kunotakura kune hukama, sezvakaitwa nevarwere vandaiona, zvichiita kuti pave nezvinetso zvepamusoro uye zvitsva, dzimwe nguva zvisingadiwi, zvinonaka. Kana vanyori vezvinonyadzisira vachizvikudza kuti vari kusundira hamvuropu nekuunza nyowani, madingindira akaomarara, izvo zvavasiri kutaura ndezvekuti vanofanirwa, nekuti vatengi vavo vari kuvaka kushivirira kune izvo zvirimo. Mapeji ekumashure emagazini evarume vane njodzi pamwe neInternet nzvimbo dze porno dzakazadzwa neshambadziro yeViagra-mhando madhiragi- mushonga wakagadzirirwa varume vakuru vane matambudziko erectile ane chekuita nekukwegura uye akavharika tsinga dzeropa munhengo yemurume. Nhasi varume vechidiki vanozeya zvinonyadzisira vanotya zvikuru kushaya simba, kana "kusagadzikana kwe erectile" sekudanwa kwazvinoitwa. Izwi rinotsausa rinoreva kuti varume ava vane dambudziko munhengo dzavo, asi dambudziko riri mumisoro yavo, mumakadhi avo ehupombwe. Iyo peni inoshanda zvakanaka pavanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira. Hazviwanzoitiki kune avo kuti pave nehukama pakati pezvinonyadzisira zvavanopedza uye kusava nesimba kwavo. (Varume vashoma, zvisinei, vachirondedzera vachizivisa maawa avo pamakomputa ezvinonyadzisira senguva yakashandiswa "kuita bonyora pfungwa dzangu.")
Mumwe wevakomana munzvimbo yaWolfe anorondedzera vasikana vari kuuya kuzorara nevakomana vavo se "cum dumpsters." Iyewo anofuridzirwa nemifananidzo yezvinonyadzisira, ye "cum dumpsters," sevakadzi vazhinji mumafirimu ezvinonyadzisira, vanogara vachidisa, zviwanikwa zviripo uye nekudaro vakadzikiswa.
Kuvhiringidzika kweIndaneti zvinonyadzisira haisi mufananidzo. Hakusi zvese zvinodhakwa ndezvokushandisa zvinodhaka kana doro. Vanhu vanogona kunyanya kupindwa muropa nekubhejera, kunyange kutamba. Vose vanokanganisa vanoratidza kurasikirwa kwekutonga kwebasa racho, vachikurumidza kuitsvaga kunze kwemigumisiro yakaipa, kukudziridza kushivirira kuitira kuti ivo vave nepamusoro uye epamusoro yekukurudzira kugutsikana, uye chiitiko chekuregera kana vasingakwanise kupedza chiito chekupindwa muropa.
Zvose zvinodhaka zvinosanganisira nguva refu, dzimwe nguva upenyu hwose, neuroplastic shanduko muuropi. Kuzvidzivirira, kuenzanisa hakugoneki, uye vanofanirwa kudzivisa chinhu ichocho kana basa zvachose kana vachida kudzivisa kuita zvinodhaka. Vanodhakwa Vasingazivikanwe vanosimbirira kuti hakuna "vaimbova zvidhakwa" uye zvinoita kuti vanhu vasina kunwa kwemakumi emakore vazvizivise pamusangano vachiti, "Ini ndinonzi John, uye ndiri chidhakwa." Panyaya ye [brain] mapurasitiki, anowanzo kuve akarurama.
Kuti aone kushandiswa kwemishonga mumugwagwa, vatsvakurudzi veNational Institutes of Health (NIH) muMarganic vanodzidzisa rakati kuti vasvike pfuti kusvikira vapera mishonga. Izvo zvakaoma mhuka inoda kushanda kuti iwedzere danda, iyo inowedzera kukanganisa mushonga wacho. Cocaine, inenge mimwe yose yemishonga isina kubvumirwa nemutemo, uye kunyange zvinodhaka zvinodhaka zvakadai sekumhanya zvinoita kuti kufara kunopa neurotransmitter dopamine kuve kushingaira muuropi. Dopamine inonzi muparidzi wemubairo, nokuti patinenge tichiita chimwe chinhu-tinomhanya mumhangemutange uye tinokunda-huropi hwedu hunokonzera kusunungurwa kwayo. Kunyange takaneta, tinowana kuwedzerwa kwesimba, mufaro unofadza, uye kuvimba uye kunyange kusimudza maoko edu uye tinomhanya chikwata chekukunda. Vakarasika, kune rumwe rutivi, vasina kuwana dopamine yakadaro, vanobva vabuda simba, vanowa pamagumo, uye vanonzwa vachinetseka pamusoro pavo. Nokunyengedza dopamine yedu system, zvinodhaka zvinotitambidza tisina mufaro kunze kwekushanda kwedu.
Dopamine, sezvatakaona mubasa raMerzenick, inobatanidzwawo mukuchinja kwepurasitiki. Kuwedzera kumwe kwedopamine kunotifadza isu zvakare kunobatanidza iyo neuronal kubatana kwakanangana nemaitiro akatitungamira kuzadzisa chinangwa chedu. Merzenick paakashandisa electrode kusimudzira yemhuka dopamine mubairo system ichiridza ruzha, dopamine kuburitswa kwakasimudzira shanduko yepurasitiki, ichiwedzera kumiririra kweruzha mumepu yekuongorora yemhuka. Chinokosha chinongedzo ne porn ndechekuti dopamine inosunungurwawo mukunakidzwa kwepabonde, ichiwedzera bonde dhiraivha mune vese vanhukadzi, kufambisa orgasm, uye kumisikidza nzvimbo dzekunakidzwa kwehuropi. Nokudaro simba rinodhakwa rekuona zvinonyadzisira.
Eric Nestler, paYunivhesiti yeTexas, akaratidza kuti kusagadzikana kunokonzera kuchinja kwekusingaperi muhupi hwemhuka. Nhamba imwe chete yemishonga yakawandisa yemishonga inobereka puroteni, inonzi FosB delta inounganidza mune neurons. Nguva imwe neimwe apo mushonga unoshandiswa, mamwe ma delta FosB anowedzera kusvikira inokanda kushanduka kwemashoko, zvichikonzera maitiro epi akavharwa kana kuti akadzimwa. Kuvhara shanduko iyi kunokonzera kuchinja kunopfuurira kwenguva refu mushure mokunge mishonga ichimira, zvichiita kuti kuora kwekusagadziriswa kuuropi ye dopamine system uye kupa mhuka yakanyanya kuwedzerwa kudikanwa. Zvisiri-zvinodhakwa zvinodhaka, zvakadai sokumhanya uye kutsvaira kunwa, zvinoitawo kuti kuwedzerwa kwe deltaFosB uye kuchinja kwakagadzikana kwakakwana mu dopamine system. [Cherechedza: Mashoko akanaka pane deltaFosB]
Vanoona zvinonyadzisira vanovimbisa mafaro uye kugadzikana kubva mukushushikana pabonde, asi izvo zvavanowanzounza kupindwa muropa, kushivirira, uye kupera kwekupedzisira mukunakidzwa. Zvinoshamisa kuti, varwere vechirume vandaishanda navo vaigara vachishuva zvinonyadzisira asi vaisazvida. Izvo zvinowanzoonekwa ndezvekuti muropa anodzokera kune zvimwe zvekugadzirisa kwake nekuti anofarira kunakirwa kwazvinopa uye haafarire kurwadziwa kwekuregera. Asi vakapindwa muropa vanonwa zvinodhaka kana zviripo kwete tarisiro yomufaro, pavanoziva kuti vane chikwata chakakwana chokuita kuti vawedzere, uye vanoda kupfuura zvimwe vasati vatanga kurega. Kuda uye kufananidza zvinhu zviviri zvakasiyana.
Chirwere chinosangana nezvido nokuti huropi hwake hwepurasitiki hwakagadziriswa kumushonga kana chiitiko. Sensitization inotungamirira kuwedzera kushaiwa. Iko kuunganidza kwe deltaFosB, inokonzerwa nekutsvaga kune chinhu chinodhaka kana chiitiko, chinotungamirira pakukurudzira.
Zvinonyadzisira zvinonakidza kupfuura kugutsikana nokuti tine zvigaro zviviri zvekunakidza mukati mehutano hwedu, izvo zvine chokuita nemufaro unofadza uye mumwe nemufaro unogutsa. Iyi inonakidza inoratidzira "kufara" kwemufaro watinowana kufungidzira chimwe chinhu chatinoda, zvakadai sepabonde kana kudya kwakanaka. Iro neurochemistry yake inonyanya kufanana ne-dopamine, uye inosimudzira mararamiro edu.
Iyo yechipiri inofadza inofanirwa nekugutsikana, kana kufara kwekudya, iyo inobata zvechokwadi kuita zvepabonde kana kuva nechikafu ichocho, kunyaradza, kufadza kufadza. Iyo yeurourochemistry inobva pakusunungurwa kweendorphins, iyo inofananidzwa neopiates uye inopa rugare, runyararo rwunofadza.
Zvinonyadzisira, nekupa hurem husingaperi hwezvinhu zvebonde, zvinokanganisa iyo yekugumburisa system. Vanoona zvinonyadzisira vanogadzira mamamepu matsva muhuropi hwavo, zvichibva pamifananidzo nemavhidhiyo avanoona. Nekuti iko kushandisa-iko-kana-kurasikirwa-iko huropi, kana isu tavandudza nzvimbo yemepu, tinoshuvira kuti irambe ichishandiswa. Kungofanana nemhasuru dzedu dzisingashiviriri kurovedza muviri kana takagara zuva rese, saizvozvowo pfungwa dzedu dzine nzara yekukurudzirwa.
Varume vari pamakomputa avo vachitarisa zvinonyadzisira vaive vasina hunhu semakonzo ari mumakeji eNIH, vachimanikidza bhawa kuti vatore pfuti yedopamine kana yakaenzana nayo. Kunyangwe ivo vaisazviziva, ivo vakanga vanyengerwa muzvikamu zvekudzidzisa zvinonyadzisira izvo zvakasangana nemamiriro ese anodikanwa ekuchinja kwepurasitiki kwemamepu ehuropi. Sezvo maNeuron anopisa pamwechete waya pamwe chete, varume ava vakawana huwandu hwakawanda hwekudzidzira kubaya mifananidzo iyi munzvimbo dzemafaro europi, nekutarisisa kwakakosha kuchinjwa kwepurasitiki. Ivo vakafungidzira iyi mifananidzo kana vari kure nemakomputa avo, kana vachiita bonde nevasikana vavo, vachivasimbisa. Nguva imwe neimwe pavainzwa kufara pabonde uye vaine kanagasm pavakabata bonyora, "spritz yedopamine," mubairo weurotransmitter, wakasimbisa kubatana kwakaitwa muuropi panguva yezvirongwa. Kwete chete kuti mubairo wakafambisa hunhu; hazvina kutsamwisa chero nyadzi dzavakanzwa kutenga Playboy pachitoro. Pano pane maitiro asina "chirango," mubayiro chete.
Zvinyorwa zvezvavakawana zvinonakidza zvakashandurwa sezvo maWebhu akabudisa zvinyorwa uye zvinyorwa zvakashandura ubongo hwavo vasingazivi. Nemhaka yokuti plastiki inokwikwidzana, uropi hunotarisa hutsva, mifananidzo yakafadza inowedzera pazvinodhura zvakanga zvambovakwezva-chikonzero, ini ndinotenda, vakatanga kutora vasikana vavo vasati vasvika.
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Kusvikira iye aitika pamifananidzo yekurova, iyo zvingangodaro yakarova mune imwe ruzivo rwehucheche kana kufungidzira nezvekurangwa, mifananidzo yaakaona yakamufadza asi haina kumumanikidza. Dzimwe pfungwa dzebonde dzevamwe dzakatibereka. Zvakaitika kuna Thomas zvainge zvakafanana nezvevarwere vangu; vasina kunyatsoziva zvavaitsvaga, vakaongorora mazana emifananidzo nezviitiko kudzamara varova pamufananidzo kana chinyorwa chebonde chakabata musoro wenyaya wakavigwa wakavafadza chaizvo.
Kamwe Thomas akawana chifananidzo icho, akachinja. Icho chifananidzo chakanga chakanga chiri chake kunyanya kufunga, mamiriro ezvinhu epurasitiki. Uye zvakasiyana nemukadzi chaiye, mifananidzo iyi inonyadzisira yakanga iripo zuva rose, zuva nezuva pamakombiyuta.
Iye zvino Tomasi akanga akapindwa muropa. Akaedza kuzvidzora asi aipedza maawa masere pazuva pazuva rake. Akazouya pachivande, achirara maawa matatu chete usiku. Musikana wake, achiziva kuora kwake, akashamisika kana achiona mumwe munhu. Akave akabatwa nehope zvokuti hutano hwake hwakatambudzwa, uye akawana ruzhinji rwehutachiona hwakamuisa muchipinda chechipatara chirwere chekurumidza ndokumuita kuti atore. Akatanga kubvunzurudza pakati pehama dzake dzehama uye akawana kuti vazhinji vavo vakanga vakagadzirirwawo.
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Hardcore porn inoburitsa mamwe ekutanga emambure emambure ayo akaumbwa munguva dzakaoma dzekusimudzira pabonde uye anounza zvese izvi zvekutanga, zvakakanganikwa kana kudzvinyirirwa zvinhu pamwechete kuti vagadzire netiweki nyowani, mune izvo zvese maficha akabatanidzwa pamwechete. Zvinonyadzisira nzvimbo dzinogadzira makatalog eakajairika kinks uye nekuasanganisa iwo pamwechete mumifananidzo. Nokukurumidza kana gare gare surfer inowana muurayi mubatanidzwa uyo unodzvanya akati wandei ake ezvepabonde mabhatani kamwechete. Ipapo anosimbisa network nekuona iyo mifananidzo kakawanda, kuita bonhora, kuburitsa dopamine nekusimbisa aya maratidziro. Akagadzira mhando ye "ungochani," yakavakwazve libido iyo ine midzi yakasimba mune yake yakavigwa tsika dzepabonde. Nekuti anowanzo kuve nekutsungirira, kunakidzwa kwekusununguka pabonde kunofanira kuwedzerwa nekunakidzwa kwekuburitswa zvine hukasha, uye mifananidzo yepabonde uye ine hukasha iri kuramba ichivhenganiswa- saka kuwedzera kwemisoro yesadomasochistic mune hardcore porn.
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