Chinyorwa cheMedia Psychology Theories Nzira uye maApplication
01/2012; 24(2):67-76.
DOI: 10.1027 / 1864-1105 / a000063
KUTANGA
Ongororo dzinoverengeka dzakatsvaga kuti kuona zvinonyadzisira kwakabatana neyakajairika nzira yekuita bonde here. Yakawanda yeiyi tsvagiridzo, zvisinei, yave iri yechikamu-chikamu, akaongorora chete kutaridzika pachena - kusangana kwevanhukadzi nekuita zvepabonde, uye akashandisa mukana wekuenzanisira evachiri kuyaruka. Ichi chidzidzo chakashandira nyika inomiririra data yehurefu kubva kuGeneral Social Survey kuti vaone kana kuita kwekusangana pabonde kwakafanotaurwa nekufamba kwenguva mukufumurwa kwevakuru veU.S. uye kana kuratidzwa kwezvinonyadzisira kwakafanotaura nezvekuchinja kwenguva mukuita kwevakuru kweAmerica tsika dzepabonde. Kuita zvepabonde kwakashata hakuna kufanotaura nekufamba kwenguva mukufumurwa mune zvinonyadzisira, asi kuratidzwa kwezvinonyadzisira kwakafanotaura nekufamba kwenguva mukuchinja kwevatano. Kuti uedze kufanotaura kwekuwanikwa kwaWright, basa rekushandisa, fomu yekushandisa yekubatana nevamwe (3AM) iyo inotaura zvisina kunaka nyika dzinoita kuti kushandiswa kwemanyorero ezvepabonde apiwe nevezvenhau zvepabonde kungangoitika (Wright, 2011a) iro basa rekusavimbika rakaongororwa. Mukutsigirana kwemuenzaniso, kuratidzwa kwezvinonyadzisira kwakabatana neanoda kakapetwa nekanomwe nekuwedzera kwenguva pane kusanzwisisika kwekuita zvepabonde nevanhu vasina kufara, asi aive asina hukama nehukadzi hwepabonde hunhu hwevanhu vanofara kwazvo.
Hypothesis 2 yakafanofungidzira kuti kuratidzwa kwezvinonyadzisira kwaizofanotaura nekufamba kwenguva muitiro hwepabonde. Hypothesis 2 yakatsigirwa. Mushure mekudzora kweT1 tsika dzisina kujairika pabonde nemaitiro ehuwandu, kuratidzwa kwekuona zvinonyadzisira paT1 kwakabatana ne1.92 (95% CI [1.01, 3.62]) kuwedzera kwekusagadzikana kwekuita zvepabonde kwakajairika muT2 mune ine logistic regression analysis. D Nagelkerke R2 = .01, N = 525).
Hypothesis 3 yakafanotaura kuti kushamwaridzana pakati pekuratidzirana zvinonyadzisira uye hunhu hwevatano hwevatano kuchashandurwa nekusafara, zvakadai zvinowedzera muzviitiko zvepabonde zvinoita sekufungidzirwa kubva mukufumurwa kwemafirimu zvinonyadzisira. Hypothesis 3 yakatsigirwa. Mushure mekudzora kweT1 tsika dzisina kujairika dzepabonde uye huwandu hwevanhu vanodzora uye nekuwedzera T1 kuratidzwa kwezvinonyadzisira uye T1 kusafara kune Logistic regression modhi, kuwirirana kweT1 kuratidzwa kwezvinonyadzisira uye T1 kusafara kwaive kwakakosha.
Kuongorora kweZvitsva
Kutora pane zvinoshandiswa uye zvinodakadza dzidziso uye yakasarudzika nzira yekuratidzira, zvakafungidzirwa kuti tsika dzakavanzika dzebonde paT1 dzaizofanotaura nekufamba kwenguva mukuwedzeredzwa kwezvinonyadzisira paT2. Kupesana nezvakafanotaurwa, hapana kuwirirana kwakadaro kwakawanikwa.
Kutora pane mafungiro emagariro ekudzidza maitiro, zvakafungidzirwa kuti kuratidzwa kwezvinonyadzisira paT1 kunogona kufanotaura pamusoro pekuwedzera kwenguva muzviito zvepabonde muT2. Uku kufembera kwakatsigirwa, sekuratidzwa kwezvinonyadzisira paT1 kwaive kwakabatana nekuwedzera kaviri pakukanganisa kwehunhu hwepabonde chaihwo muT2. Zvakakosha, kusonganirana uku kwakawanikwa kunyangwe mushure mekudzora kweT1 tsika dzakajairika dzebonde, zera, dzinza, chinamato, dzidzo, uye murume kana mukadzi.
Kutora pane Wright's (2011a) 3AM modhi yehukama hwepabonde, zvaifungidzirwa kuti kushamwaridzana pakati pekuratidzwa kwekuona zvinonyadzisira paT1 uye tsika dzakavanzika dzebonde paT2 zvichakwidziridzwa nehuwandu hwevanhu hwekusafara nemamiriro azvo ehupenyu. Kunyanya, zvakafungidzirwa kuti kushamwaridzana pakati peT1 kuratidzwa kwekuona zvinonyadzisira uye T2 tsika dzakavanzika dzepabonde zvingave zvine simba kana vanhu vasina kunyanya kufara, uye vasina simba apo ivo vaanyanya kufara. Uku kufanotaura kwakatsigirwa. Kuratidzwa kwezvinonyadzisira paT1 kwakabatanidzwa nekuwedzera kwakapetwa kakapetwa kanomwe kubva pane zvakashata zvetsika dzepabonde muT2 yevatori vechikamu avo '' vasina kunyanya kufara '' nehupenyu hwavo paT1. Kuoneswa zvinonyadzisira paT1 kwakabatanidzwa nekuwedzera kwakapetwa kaviri mune zvisina kujairika zvetsika dzepabonde muT2 yevatori vechikamu vaive '' vanofara kwazvo '' nehupenyu hwavo paT1. Kuonekwa kwezvinonyadzisira paT1 kwainge kusinei nehukama hwepabonde muT2 yevatori vechikamu vaive '' vanofara kwazvo '' nehupenyu hwavo paT1.
Zvinoitika Zvinoshanda
Zvakawanikwa zvechidzidzo ichi zvine zviyero zvinoshanda, zvichipiwa kuti kuita bonde zvisina kujairika kunowedzera njodzi yemhedzisiro yakaipa senge yekuita zvemuviri uye zvebonde, kudzikisira njovhera nekutapuriranwa, uye kubatika nepamuviri pasingadiwe (Bennett & Bauman, 2000; Buss & Schmitt, 1993; Paul et al., 2000; Shelton et al., 2004). Chekutanga, zvakawanikwa zvinoratidza kuti kuona zvinonyadzisira chinhu chinokonzeresa munhu kuita zvepabonde pakati pevakuru veUS nekuti mukuru wepakati anongova '' anofara '' uye kushandisa zvinonyadzisira zvinofungidzira kuwedzera kwakapetwa kaviri mukukanganisa kwehunhu hwepabonde kune '' anofara '' vakuru. Chechipiri, zvakawanikwa zvinoratidza kuti kuona zvinonyadzisira chinhu chine njodzi zvakanyanya kune vanhu vasina mufaro, boka ratove nenjodzi yakakura (Fielder & Carey, 2010; Grello et al., 2003; Hutton et al., 2004; Parsons & Halkitis, 2002 ). Zvakare, kuburitswa kwekuona zvinonyadzisira kwaibatanidzwa pamwe nekuwedzera kanenge kanomwe mukukanganisa kwehunhu hwepabonde kune vanhu vakuru vaive `` vasina kufara zvakanyanya. ''
Muchidimbu, sedzimwe ongororo dzakati wandei zvisati zvaitika, mhedzisiro yechidzidzo ichi inoratidza kuti kuratidzwa kwevezvenhau vevaraidzo izvo zvinokwezva kuita bonde zvisina mwero uye kurerutsa njodzi nemitoro inoenderana nekuita bonde zvinowedzera mukana wevatengi wemhedzisiro inoonekwa senge yakashatiswa neruzhinji rwevanhu nharaunda (American Academy yePediatrics, 2010; Peter & Valkenburg, 2011; Ward, 2003; Wingood et al., 2001; Wright, 2011a, 2011c; Wright et al., 2012). Uye, mukuenderana nemaonero evamwe vadzidzi vezvehutano hwepabonde, chidzidzo ichi chinokurudzira kuti kudzivirira njodzi pabonde kunosanganisira dzidziso yemidhiya uye kudzidziswa kuverenga nekunyora sechikamu chedzidzo yavo (Allen, D'Alessio, Emmers, & Gebhardt, 1996; Isaacs & Fisher, 2008 ; Pinkleton, Austin, Cohen, Chen, & Fitzgerald, 2008).
Zvinoreva theoretical
Muhurukuro, chekutanga theoretical zvinoreva ichi chidzidzo mafungiro avo kuti kudzidza munharaunda kunogona kutsanangura kuwirirana pakati pekunwa zvinonyadzisira uye nzira yakajairika yekuita zvepabonde zvakanyanya kupfuura kusarudza pachena. Kuwedzera kutsvagisa kunodiwa, zvisinei, kusati kwasarudzwa kufumurwa kusasarudzika kuchishandiswa mune ino nharaunda yekudyidzana.
Chirevo chechipiri chedzidziso yechidzidzo ichi izano rayo rekuti '' vechidiki vanokanganisa - vakuru vasingafungidzirwe '' fungidziro iyo yakatungamira zvakanyanya kutsvagurudza nezvezvinyadzo uye kusangana pabonde kungangoda kutariswa (Peter & Valkenburg, 2011, peji 751) . Mhedzisiro yechidzidzo ichi inoratidza kuti vanhu vakuru vanokanganiswa nekushamisika, njodzi- uye mutoro-wakasununguka kuratidzwa kweasingaite bonde mune zvinonyadzisira. Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi zvinotsigira mukana uyu (Wright, mupepanhau; Wright, 2011c). Vakuru (sevachiri kuyaruka) vanogona kunge vachivimba nenzvimbo dzinopindirana neruzivo nezve tsika dzepabonde uye hunhu (Wright et al., 2012). Pamusoro pezvo, vanhu vakuru (sevachiri kuyaruka) vanogona kunetseka kutsanangura chokwadi chebonde kubva mungano mune zvinonyadzisira (Malamuth & Impett, 2001; Peter & Valkenburg, 2010). Ongororo yemunguva yemberi inodiwa kuti uongorore kana zvinhu zvimwechetezvo zvinoshandiswa munhau dzezvepabonde pavachiri kuyaruka (Ward, 2003) zvinoshanda kuvanhu vakuru (Peter & Valkenburg, 2011).
Chekupedzisira, mhedzisiro yechidzidzo ichi inotsigira chirevo cheWright's (2011a) 3AM modhi yekudyidzana pabonde izvo zvisina kunaka nyika zvinowedzera mukana wekuti zvinyorwa zvebonde zvine njodzi zvakawanikwa kana kumisikidzwa nekubuditswa kwenhau zvichashandiswa padanho rehunhu. Uku kutsvaga kwakakosha kwezvikonzero zvitatu. Kutanga, zvinoratidzira kuti misiyano yega yega inoenzanisira mhedzisiro yekuona zvinonyadzisira pahunhu hwepabonde nehunhu (Malamuth & Huppin, 2005). Chechipiri, inoratidza yakatarwa moderator inoshanduka pano isati yadzidzwa muuzhinji midhiya yekutsvaga pabonde kushamwaridzana kutsvagisa. Chechitatu, zvinoratidza kuti dzidziso idzo dzinotofunga zvisina kunaka dzinokanganisa semuperekeri wenjodzi pabonde (semuenzaniso, dzidziso yezvemagariro, Ewart, 1991) inofanirwa zvakare kufunga nezve kukosha kwekuratidzwa kwekuona zvinonyadzisira.
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