Akashandurwa neFreberal neHuremu Parietal Activity PaStroop Task Muvanhu Vane Zvinetso Zvinetso zveHysexsexual (2018)

Comments: Ichi chidzidzo chinorondedzera hurombo hwehutungamiriri hwekushanda uye kudzikisira kumisikidza kweiyo dorsolateral prefrontal cortex panguva yekuziva kwekuziva (Stroop test). Zvese izvi zvinoratidza hurombo hwekamberi kortex inoshanda, chinova chiratidzo chekupindwa muropa, uye inoratidza sekusakwanisa kudzora kushandiswa kana kudzvinyirira zvishuwo. 

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Mberi. Psychiatry, 25 Gunyana 2018 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00460

Ji-Woo Seok1 uye Jin-Hun Sohn2*

  • 1Dhipatimendi reCounselling Psychology, Honam University, Gwangu, South Korea
  • 2Dhipatimendi re Psychology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea

ngovepo

Uchapupu hunowedzera hunoratidza hukama pakati pezvinetso hypersexual maitiro (PHB) nekuderera kwehutongi hwekutonga. Zvidzidzo zvekiriniki zvakaratidza kuti vanhu vane PHB vanoratidza kukwirira; zvisinei, zvishoma zvishoma zvinozivikanwa maererano neural masystems ari kukonzeresa hutongi hwekudzora muPB. Ichi chidzidzo chakaongorora neural correlates yehutongi hwehutongi mune vanhu vane PHB uye vane hutano macomputer vachishandisa chiitiko-chinoenderana functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Vanhu makumi maviri nevatatu vane PHB uye 22 vane hutano hwakanaka vatambi vakapinda muFMRI vachiita basa reStroop. Nguva yekupindura uye zvikanganiso zviyero zvakaiyerwa seyava surrogate zviratidzo zvekutonga kwemutungamiriri. Vanhu vane PHB vakaratidza kukanganisa basa rekuita uye kuderedzwa activation kurudyi dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) uye yakaderera parietal cortex hukama kune hutano kudzora panguva yeStroop basa. Uye zvakare, mhinduro yeropa reokisijeni-inotsamira mhinduro munzvimbo idzi dzakange dzakasangana nePB kuomarara. Iyo yakakodzera DLPFC uye yakaderera parietal cortex inosanganiswa neyekumusoro-kurongeka kuchenjera kudzora uye kutarisa kwekutarisa, zvichiteerana. Zvatinowana zvinoratidza kuti vanhu vane PHB vakaderedza hutungamiri hwekutonga uye kusina kunaka kwehutano muDLPFC yakarurama uye pasi parietal cortex, zvichipa nheurati yeFBB.

ziviso

Dambudziko hypersexual maitiro (PHB) zvinoreva kusakwanisa kwemunhu kudzora zvisizvo kana zvakanyanyisa fungidziro dzebonde, zvinokurudzira, kana hunhu hunokonzeresa subjential kushushikana kana kukanganisika mukushanda kwezuva nezuva (1-3. Vanhu vane PHB vanogona kubata chirwere chepabonde kana kuwana nhumbu dzisingadiwe kubva paupombwe.4, 5. PHB kazhinji inotanga mukunonoka kusvika pakuyaruka kana kwepakutanga kukura, inofungidzirwa kuva isingaperi kana episodic, uye inonyanya kubata varume (4. Denda iri rine fungidziro ye3-6% pakati penharaunda uye vadzidzi vekoreji muUS (6-8. MuKorea, inenge 2% yevadzidzi vese vekoreji vane PHB (9).

Iyo nosology uye chaiyo yekuongorora maitiro ePHB inoramba ichinetsana. Kunyangwe iyo PHB inogona kutaurwa seyakapindwa muropa nemaitiro, kupomhodza kudzora dambudziko, kana imwe chirwere chepfungwa chiri kuramba chiri nyaya yekupokana.10. Zvisinei nekuti PHB inonyatsotsanangurwa seimwe yeaya matambudziko, inogoverana maitiro akafanana epfungwa (kureva, kuchiva, kubvisa, uye kurasikirwa kwekutonga) nedzimwe nzira dzechinetso zvakanyanyisa maitiro, akadai sekubhejera kusagadzikana uye internet mutambo wekutamba (3, 11-14).

Maitiro akapomhodza uye anomanikidza ekuita kusanganisira kubhejera kusagadzikana uye internet mutambo wemitambo zvakafungidzirwa kuve zvine chekuita nekurasikirwa kwekutonga. Kunyanya, kurasikirwa kana kukanganiswa kwehutongi hwekutonga chinhu chakashata hunhu hwematambudziko akanyanya. Chokwadi, zvidzidzo zvekare zvakaratidza kuwirirana kwakakosha pakati pezviviri izvi (15, 16. Kuongororwa kwekubhejera kwemaitiro kwakaratidza kuti vanhu vane chirwere ichi vakaita zvakashata pane rero Stroop basa (16), ichiratidza kuti maitiro ekubhejera ekutambisa anogona kunge ari nekuda kwekutadza kubata kwakanyanya, izvo zvinoguma nekutadza kuvharidzira ruzivo rusina basa panguva yebasa rakadai. Zvimwechetezvo, kumwe kuongorora kwakaratidza kuti hama yekutora vatori vechikamu, vanhu vane internet yekutamba mitambo vakaratidza kushomekerwa kwehutongi kwakakura kwakabatana nekuderera kwema medial frontal activation (15).

Uchapupu hunobudawo zvakare hunoratidza kuti Executive control yekukanganisa kunoitika muPHB (17, 18. Imwe yekufunga kwekufungidzira kweuropi yakaratidza kuti vatori vechikamu vane PHB vainetseka nekukanganiswa kudzora mukuenda / hakuna-enda basa uye wakaratidza dhigirii rakakura rekureva kusabvumirana mudunhu repamberi (17. Muchidzidzo chekutyaira, Reid et al. (18) yakashandisa mhinduro dzemubvunzo kuratidza hukama chaihwo pakati pesimba rekutonga uye PHB, uchicherechedza kushamwaridzana pakati pekudzikira kwekutonga kukuru nePHB; zvisinei, mhedzisiro inopesana yakawanikwa mune yakatevera kudzidza (19) yakashandisa akafanirwa neuropsychological bvunzo kuongorora Executive kutonga.

Sezvo zvigadziro zvebasa repamusoro pakati pevanhu vane PHB zvisingaenderane, mamwe mabasa anofanirwa kuitwa kuti ape zvinowanikwa zvinowanikwa. Nekudaro, chinangwa chedu chaive chekugadzirisa kusanzwanana kwambotaurwa pakati pezvidzidzo zvakapfuura nekushandisa kwepfungwa bvunzo uye neuroimaging.

Iyo ruvara-izwi Stroop bvunzo yakatanga yagadzirwa kuti vaongorore masimba ekutonga uye yakashandiswa kushandiswa kuratidza vanhu vane kukuvara kwepfungwa kwakanganisa kukanganisa kukanganisa20. MuStroop basa, vatori vechikamu vanorairwa zita remhando yemhando yemavara mavara, uye nguva yekupindura uye chiyero chekukanganisa zvinoshandiswa senge matanho ekuguma. Sezvo kuverenga kwemazwi iri chiitiko chakakurisa kupfuura kudanwa kwemavara mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka (semuenzaniso, RED rakadhindwa mublue font), vatori vechikamu vanoratidza nguva refu yekukanganisa uye yakakwira zvikanganiso zvakanyanya kupfuura mumamiriro ezvinhu eruzhinji (semuenzaniso, RED rakadhindwa mu inki tsvuku). Woverengeka neuroimaging zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti iyo Stroop basa inoshanda yakaparadzirwa neural network yenzvimbo dzehuropi kusanganisira yepamberi cortex, parietal lobe, mota nzvimbo, uye ye tempori lobe (21-23).

Iyo inotsigirwa zvakanyanya nekutsvaga ndeyekuti preparal cortex inoita basa rakakosha pakuita kweStroop (24. Iyi nharaunda inosanganisirwa mumabasa ekutonga uye dzimwe yepamusoro-yekuraira cognitions, ayo ari makuru e-neural correlates einetso akanyanya maitiro.14. Vakawanda vanoongorora vakaudza kuti vanhu vane dambudziko rakawandisa maitiro vane hutomical uye hunoshanda kuvhiringidzika mune yekutanga cortex. Iyi nzvimbo inozivikanwa kuti inokanganisa mukumanikidzira kudzora, saka kukanganisika munzvimbo ino kuchinetsa kunyanyisa kuzvibata maitiro uye nhoroondo yekupararira kwerusununguko rwekusununguka (25).

Sezvo basa reStroop richida kugona kwakanyanya kugona uye vanhu vane PHB vakadzora hutongi pamusoro pehunhu hwavo hwepabonde, isu takafungidzira kuti boka reFB raizoratidza varombo Stroop basa rekuita zvichienzaniswa neboka rekutonga. Zvikurukuru, iyi misiyano ingangove yakakura mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka. Isu takafungidzira zvakare kuti kuchave nemisiyano yakakura mukushandiswa kwehuropi kwakabatana nehutongi hwekutonga, senge mune prefrontal cortex.

Zvinhu uye Nzira

Vakwikwidzi

Ichi chidzidzo chakabvumidzwa neInstitutional Ongorora Board yeChungnam National University (Nhamba yekubvumidzwa: 201309-SB-003-01; Daejeon, S. Korea), uye vese vatori vechikamu vakapa mvumo yakanyorwa yakanyoreswa isati yanyoreswa. Varume makumi maviri nevatatu vane PHB (zvinoreva zera = 26.12, SD = 4.11) uye 22 varume vane hutano (zvinoreva zera = 26.27, SD = 3.39) vakapinda muyedzo yekushanda inoshanda yemagineti resonance imaging (fMRI). Vamwe vevatori vechikamu vakapinda mune imwe ongororo, i.iyo, yekuda kuita zvepabonde kunoitwa murabhoritari (26. Roivainen (27) akaongorora zvekare-zvakakura zvikuru zvidzidzo uye akawana kusiyana kwemurume nemuchina mukumhanyisa uye zvinhu zvinonzwisisika. Kunyanya, vanhukadzi vane zvakanakira mukukasira kumhanyisa bvunzo dzinosanganisira maalphabets uye nekukurumidza kutumidza mazita apa varume vari nekukurumidza nekuita nguva yekuita uye kubata munwe. Tichifunga nezvehumwe kusarongeka kwevakadzi, takasarudza kusanganisira boka rechirume chete mukudzidza kwedu.

Vese vatori vechikamu vaive kurudyi, vatauri vekuKorea vatauri, uye vakanga vasina kana kumbokuvara kana kurwara kukuru kwemutsipa kana kurwara sekuongororwa neyavo yekuzvibvunza. Asati aiswa mukati mezvidzidzo, chiremba wepfungwa ane ruzivo akaronga kubvunzurudzwa kwepfungwa kune vese vatori vechikamu vachishandisa nzira yakatarwa yekuongorora yePHB yakashandiswa muzvidzidzo zvakapfuura (2, 28) uye iyo DSM-5 maitiro (Ekuwedzera Zvinhu, Tafura S1. Vanhu vane PHB vakasangana neiyo yakatsanangurwa yekuongororwa nzira yePHB uye vaive vakasununguka kubva kune chero imwe axis I kusagadzikana yakavakirwa DSM-5 (29. Vese vatori vechikamu vePHB havana kubatanidzwa mune chero kurapwa kwekushushikana kwavo.

Makumi maviri nemaviri ekuremekedza hutano pamwe nehunhu hwakafanana kune izvo zvezvinyorwa zvakaverengerwa kubva munharaunda kuburikidza kushambadzira uye mafurizu.

Iyo Bonde Kupindwa muropa Kuongorora-R (SAST) (28) uye iyo Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (HBI) (30) yaishandiswa kuongorora kuomarara kwePHB mumubato wega wega uye kuona chero hukama pakati pekusimba kwePHB nemhinduro dzeveural kune iyo Stroop yekukanganisa basa. Kuvimbika kweSAST-R uye HBI kwakave kwakaverengerwa seCronbach's α = 0.91 uye 0.96, zvichiteerana (28, 30. Iyo SAST-R ine 20 mibvunzo yakagadzirirwa kuongorora kupindwa muropa kwepabonde; uwandu hwehuwandu hunobva ku0 kusvika ku20 point, nezvikero zvakakwira zvinoratidzira kupindwa muropa kwakanyanya. Iyo HBI inosanganisira mibvunzo ye19, uye huwandu hwakazara hunobva ku19 kusvika 95 point. Reid et al. (30) akakurudzira uwandu hwese ≥53 sekuchekwa kweiyo hypersexual kusagadzikana. Vese vatori vechikamu vePHB mune ino chidzidzo vakakwira pamusoro peiyo Hoff. Vanhu vane PHB vaive neavhareji SAST-R mamakisi e11.3 (SD = 3.3) uye chiyero cheHBI chiratidzo che54.4 (SD = 7.3).

Vatori vechikamu maitiro uye ruzivo rwepabonde rwemwedzi yapfuura 6 mwedzi inoratidzwa muTafura 1. Boka rePHB rakaratidza zvakanyanya kutanga pazera rekutanga kuita zvepabonde uye nhamba yakawanda vanoita zvepabonde, kazhinji kurara pamwe, bonhora, uye kuona zvinonyadzisira vhiki zvichienzaniswa neboka rinodzora. Zvakare, PHB boka rakaratidza zvakanyanya kukwirira muyero paSAST-R uye HBI.

TABLE 1

Tafura 1. Hunhu hunhu.

Basa uye Yesesa Paradigm

Bvunzo dzeStroop dzakatumidzwa zita raJohn Ridley Stroop (31), uyo anopihwa wekutanga eChirungu kuburitswa kwemhedzisiro ine chekuita neisina kunaka incimuli. Chidzidzo chiripo chaishandisa shanduro yakashandurwa yeiyo Stroop basa rakagadziriswa naPeterson et al. (32) panguva yekuongororwa kweFMRI. Vatori vechikamu vakabata imwe yekodhi mbiri, imwe neimwe yakarongedzwa nemabhatani maviri emhinduro, paruoko rumwe norumwe. Takamboedza kubvisa chero zvazvaita (semuenzaniso, maitiro ekuzvitakura, simba raSimon) iro rakaiswa panguva yekuedza. Kuti tibvise mhedzisiro, isu taive ne24 dzakasiyana kukurudzira pane izwi rimwechete rinoratidza kwainowanikwa bhatani remavara pane keypad. Muenzaniso mumwe kunze kwe24 inosimudzira ndiyo Mufananidzo 1 sekuraira kwebhatani remavara yaive Tsvuku, Yero, Girini, Bhuruu. Munguva yekuyedza, iyo yekurairwa kweye bhatani bhatani yakaiswa zvisina tsarukano kunze kwe24 kukurudzira pamuedzo wega wega. Nekudzokorora basa racho, takakwanisawo kuunganidza data yakawanda kuti tiwedzere kutendeka kwemigumisiro. Vatori vechikamu vakaita imwe chete nguva isati yasvika yekuongorora, uye vese vakaratidza kuti vaive nekunzwisisa kwakajeka kwebasa. Stimuli yakaunzwa kuburikidza nepamusoro girazi panguva yeFMRI kuongorora.

FIGURE 1

Mufananidzo 1. Mienzaniso yemakonzeresa uye asina kunaka muStroop basa.

Iro Stroop basa rakakamurwa kuva mucruent uye husina kunaka mamiriro. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajeka, izwi rakapetwa senge ruvara (semuenzaniso, izwi rekuti "RED" mune ruvara rutsvuku) rakaratidzirwa pachiratidziri, uye vatori vechikamu vakarairwa kupinzisa bhatani rinopindirana nemuvara nekukasira. Mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka, izwi rine zvarinoreva zvisina kufanana uye ruvara (semuenzaniso, izwi rekuti "RED" mune yeruvara rweyero) rakaratidzwa pachiratidziri, uye vatori vechikamu vakarairwa kupinikiza bhatani reruvara rinoenderana nerudzi rwezwi uku vachiramba zvinoreva izwi. Iyo yekukurudzira yakanangidzirwa yakaiswa pakati pechiratidziro chekuonesa. Mhinduro ina dzinokwanisika (mazwi eruvaravara mune chena font) akaunzwa pamusoro payo (mumunda wepamberi wekuona) kudzikisira zvinodiwa mundangariro, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo. 1.

Kurongeka kwezviitiko nenguva yenguva yega yega yaive seinotevera: (1) kutanga, murayiridzo wekuyambira mutorwa kutanga kwekuyedza wakapihwa 6 s; (2) yechipiri, isina dema dema screen yakaiswa kwenguva isina kumboitika re 400-1,000 ms sekumisidzana-kukurudzira kupindirana; (3) chetatu, chinomutsa (muedzo wedare kana chibodzwa chisina kunaka) chakapihwa 1,300 ms; uye (4) pakupedzisira, skrini isina chinhu yakaunzwa zvakare ye4,000 ms.

Basa reStroop rechizvino kudzidza rakagadzirwa sechiitiko-rine chekuita paradigm uye raisanganisira 130 mamiriro ekushamwaridzana pamwe 85 mamiriro asina kunaka akaiswa mune yakasarudzika. Basa racho rakadzokororwa kaviri, uye basa rega rega rakapedzisira rakaita 444 s. Mienzaniso yeStroop inosimudzira uye iyo fMRI paradigm inoratidzwa mumufananidzo 1.

Kufungidzira Kuwana

Iyo echo-planar imaging yeropa oksijeni-inotsamira (EPI-BOLD) nzira yakashandiswa kuwana mifananidzo yehuropi. Iyo paramitha yekuwanikwa kwemifananidzo yaive seiyi: inodzokorora nguva / echo nguva = 2,000 / 28 ms; munda wekuona = 240 × 240 mm; saizi yematrix = 64 × 64; kukwirira kwezasi = 5 mm, hapana pengo; uye flip angle = 80 °. Vhoriyamu izere yeiyo yega yega musangano wekuyedza yaive 222 mifananidzo, uye yaisanganisira matatu mameya mifananidzo akawanikwa pane 6 s. T1-inorema mifananidzo yakaunganidzwa semifananidzo yemhando pamwe neizvi zvinotevera zvekuwanikwa parameter: Kudzokorora nguva / echo nguva = 280 / 14 ms; FOV = 240 × 240 mm, kukura kwematrix = 256 × 256; kukwirira kwezasi = 4 mm; uye flip angle = 60 °. Iyo ndege yekufungidzira yaive yakarongedzwa yakafanana neye anterior commissure-posterior commissure mutsara.

Statistical Analyzes

Kuve Netsika Yekuongororwa Dhata

Idzo nguva dzekupindura uye zvikamu zvemhinduro dzechokwadi zvakaverengerwa mune yega mamiriro. Kugadzirisa zvakajairika kugovera mhinduro nguva data, isu takachinja nguva yekupindura tichishandisa inotevera equation: log (1 / nguva yekupindura) (33. Iyo log-yakashandurwa nguva yekushandiswa yakashandiswa pakutsanangudza-nzira mbiri dzekusiyana (ANOVA) neboka sechinhu chiri pakati pezvidzidzo (sekuti, vatori vechikamu vane PHB vs. hutano hunodzora) uye mamiriro seiwo ari mukati-zvidzidzo chinhu (kureva, vs. incongruent stimuli).

Huwandu hwemhinduro dzechokwadi (kureva., Hit rate) pakati pemamiriro ezvinhu muboka rimwe nerimwe uye nepakati pemapoka mune rimwe nerimwe mamiriro akaongororwa asiri-parametrically vachishandisa iyo Wilcoxon simo sum test kana Mann-Whitney U bvunzo.p <0.05). Ongororo dzese dzakaitwa uchishandisa SPSS vhezheni 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).

Kufungisisa Idzo Kuongorora

Statistical Parametric Mapping vhezheni 8 (SPM 8, Wellcome department reImaging Neuroscience, London, UK) yakashandiswa kuongorora data rekufungidzira kwehuropi. Dhata rekushanda rakagadziridzwa kune yekutanga scan yechikamu chimwe nechimwe sereferenzi uchishandisa matatu-matatu akaomarara kuomarara kwemuviri nemadhigirii matanhatu erusununguko. Zvino, akaiswazve scans akaiswa mukati meumwe neumwe wevatori vechikamu mufananidzo uye akajairirwa kune MNI (Montreal Neurologic Institute) kuronga system. Kuti kuderedze ruzha rwepakati, data rakagadziriswa uchishandisa iyo 8-mm isotropic Gaussian kernel.

Mushure mekufambisa, matrix ekugadzira akavakirwa mamiriro ega ega mune mumwe nemumwe anotora chikamu. Paunenge uchigadzira iyo matrix yekugadzira, madhigiriye ekufamba kwemusoro / kutenderera panguva yekufambisa kwemusoro wemusoro wakawedzerwa seyekudzokorora kusiyanisa kuwedzera chiyero-kune-ruzha chiyero. Zvadaro, z-mamepu akagadzirwa zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekurudziro (makonzeresa uye asina kunaka) pamunhu mumwe nemumwe. Kuti uone mamwe matunhu ehuropi airatidzira maitiro akasiyana pakati pevanhu vane PHB uye ine hutano hwakanaka, ANOVA yakaitwa ichishandisa mamiriro (mucruent vs. zvisizvo) seye mukati meboka rinoshandurana uye boka (vanhu vane PHB vs. zvinodzora) seiri pakati- boka rinoshandurwa [mwero wekuwanikwa kwenhema (FDR) -akarongedzwa, p <0.05].

Kubva pane zvakapfuura neuroimaging zvidzidzo pane Stroop basa uye vanopindwa muropa nemhedzisiro ye ANOVA, iyo dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) uye yakaderera parietal cortex yakasarudzwa senzvimbo dzekufarira (ROIs) (21-25).

Kuti abudise muzana chiratidzo chekuchinja kubva ku ROIs, iyo MarsBaR 0.42 chirongwa (http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/marsbar) yakashandiswa mu SPM yekushandisa bhokisihttp://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm/ext. Iyo ROIs yakatsanangurwa necentres spherres pane yakakodzera pex voxels ine radius ye5 mm yenzvimbo dzese dzakagadziriswa mumigariro yekudyidzana (FDR-yakagadziriswa, p <0.05). Kuenzanisa izvi zvakakosha pakati pemapoka nekutevera t-muedzo, iyo chiratidzo cheshanduko yakabviswa pane imwe neimwe chidzidzo, uye nzira mbiri ANOVA yakaitwa uchishandisa SPSS shanduro 20. Kuongorora hukama pakati pehupfumi hwe PHB uye neural mhinduro kune iyo Stroop kukanganiswa, kuongororwa kwekuenzanisa kwakaitwa pakati pesenti chiratidzo chakachinja kubva kuma ROIs panguva yekusagadzikana mamiriro uye uwandu hwezviyero zvakaomeserwa (kureva, SAST-R uye HBI scores).

Results

Maitiro ekuzvibata

Iyo nzira-nzira ANOVA yakaratidza yakakosha mhedzisiro yemamiriro ezvinhu [F(1, 43) = 171.43, p <0.001, Cohen's f = 3.99], zvichiratidza kuti mhinduro yaiwanzo kupera zvishoma nezvishoma mukuita kwakashata zvichienzaniswa neiyo iri mune yakasangana. Pakanga pasina chakakosha chekudyidzana pakati pechimiro neboka [F(1, 43) = 0.34] kana main performance yeboka [F(1, 43) = 1.98, Mufananidzo 2].

FIGURE 2

Mufananidzo 2. Maitiro ekuzvibata. (A) Zvinoreva kupindura nguva mu ms. (B) Zvinoreva kupindura chaiko sepesenti. Mitsara yekukanganisa inoratidza yakajairwa kukanganisa kwezvinoreva.

Iyo isiri-parametric Wilcoxon bvunzo yakaratidza mutsauko wakakura pakati pemakomendi uye asina kunaka mumamiriro ari maviri ePhB (Z = -6.39, p <0.05) uye kutonga (Z = 5.71, p <0.05) mapoka, zvichiratidza kuti paiwanzo kuve nezviitiko zvakakwirira zvekupindura kwekukanganisa mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka. Isu takaonawo misiyano yakakosha mukuita kwekuita pakati pemapoka echinhu chisingaoneki (Z = -2.12, p <0.05), zvichiratidza kuti hutano hwakanaka hwakaitwa zviri nani kupfuura boka rePHB; zvisinei, pakanga pasina chakakosha pakati-peboka misiyano mukupindura kurongeka kweyakawiriranwa mamiriro (Z = −1.48, Mufananidzo 2. Idzi data dzinoratidza kuti mapoka maviri aya akapindura nenzira kwayo pamamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, nepo vatori vechikamu vane PHB vaigona kupindura zvisina kukodzera mumamiriro ezvinhu aiti zvakakanganisika mhedzisiro kusarangarirwa.

Kufungidzira Zvakawanikwa

Chikuru Mhedzisiro yeMamiriro

Mhedzisiro yakakura yemamiriro (mucruent vs. isina kunaka) yakaonekwa mune yekurudyi putamen, kurudyi yepakati frontal gyrus, uye kurudyi kwakaderera frontal gyrus (p <0.05, FDR-yakagadziriswa; Tafura 3. Matunhu aya airatidza kushanda kwakakura pasi pekuita zvakaipa kupfuura mamiriro ezvinhu. Nekudaro, hapana nzvimbo dzehuropi dzaive dzakatenderedzwa zvakanyanya nekanzuru kupfuura neyakaipa.

Mhedzisiro Iri Muboka

Mhedzisiro yakakura yeboka (PHB boka vs. kutonga; p <0.05, FDR-yakagadziriswa; Tafura 2) yakaonekwa munzvimbo mbiri dzakaderera parietal nzvimbo, kurudyi nechepamberi gyrus, uye kurudyi kwakaderera frontal gyrus. Boka rekutonga rakaratidza kuwedzera activation munzvimbo dzepasi dzepasi parietal uye yepakati nepakati uye yakaderera yepamberi gyri hama yeboka rePRB (p <0.05, FDR-yakagadziriswa; Tafura 3. Hakuna nzvimbo dzehuropi dzakavhurwa zvakanyanya muboka rePRB kupfuura mukutonga.

TABLE 2

Tafura 2. Zvinoreva hit ratidziro uye mhinduro latitude mune Stroop bvunzo mamiriro.

TABLE 3

Tafura 3. Kufungidzira mhedzisiro: chikuru mhedzisiro yemamiriro uye neboka (p <0.05, FDR-yakagadziriswa).

Mamiriro ezvinhu × Boka Kuita Zvinoitika

Yakakosha mamiriro × kubatana kweboka (p <0.05, FDR-yakagadziriswa; Tafura 4, Mufananidzo 3) dzakaonekwa mune chaiyo DLPFC uye kurudyi inferior parietal cortex.

TABLE 4

Tafura 4. Kufungidzira mhedzisiro: kubatana kwemhedzisiro yesarudzo × boka (p <0.05, FDR-yakagadziriswa).

FIGURE 3

Mufananidzo 3. Brain activation patterns mune kurudyi dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (A) uye kurudyi inferior parietal cortex (B). Iwo magirafu anoratidza iyo yakatorwa chiratidzo chinoshandurwa yakaenzana pane maxx kubva mudunhu rega rega, ichiratidza mamiriro x kubatana kwevamwe (p <0.05, FDR-yakagadziriswa). FDR, nhema yekuwana mwero; PHB, kunetsa maitiro ehupombwe; R. DLPFC, kurudyi dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; R. IPC, kurudyi kwakaderera parietal cortex.

Mukutevera t-Miedzo inoshandisa yakabviswa BOLD chiratidzo shanduko kune imwe neimwe ROI, vatori vechikamu nePhB vakaratidzwa zvakanyanyisa kushomeka mune chaiyo DLPFC mune isingagumi mamiriro [t(43) = 4.46, p <0.01, Cohen's d = 1.33] zvinoenderana nehutano hwakanaka, asi pasina hwakakura musiyano weboka wakawanikwa mumamiriro ezvinhu erufaro [t(43) = 0.48, p > 0.05, Cohen's d = 0.14; Mufananidzo 3a]. Maitiro akafanana ehuropi hwekushandiswa akaonekwa mune yakakodzera yakaderera parietal cortex: Kuenzaniswa nekudzora, vanhu vane PHB yakaratidza kuderedzwa activation mune yakakodzera yepasi parietal cortex panguva yemamiriro asina kunaka [t(43) = 4.28, p <0.01, Cohen's d = 1.28], asi hapana musiyano weboka wakakosha wakaonekwa panguva yehukama [t(43) = 0.60, p > 0.05, Cohen's d = 0.18; Mufananidzo 3b].

Correlation inoongorora

Kuti ndisimbise mabasa e ROIs mukutonga kwekuziva, isu takaita ongororo inoenderana pakati pehunyanzvi dhata (kureva, nguva yekupindura uye mhinduro) uye BOLD chiratidzo chakachinjika kune imwe neimwe ROI (kureva, iyo DLPFC chaiyo uye kurudyi inferior parietal cortex). Pane zvakakosha kuwirirana pakati pavo (Zvokuwedzera Zvekushandisa, Mufananidzo S1).

Iko kushamwaridzana pakati pezviyero zvakaenzana zviyero (kureva, SAST-R uye HBI scores) uye BOLD chiratidzo chekuchinja kune imwe neimwe ROI (kureva, kurudyi DLPFC uye kurudyi inferior parietal cortex) yakaverengerwa vese vatori vechikamu neIPB. Negative correlations yakaonekwa pakati pechiyero kuyerwa zviyero uye BOLD chiratidzo chakachinjika mune rekurudyi inferior parietal cortex (SAST-R: r = -0.64, n = 23, p <0.01; HBI: r = -0.48, n = 23, p <0.01) uye kurudyi DLPFC (SAST-R: r = -0.51, n = 23, p <0.01; HBI: r = -0.61, n = 23, p <0.01; Mufananidzo 4).

FIGURE 4

Mufananidzo 4. Mhedzisiro yekugadzirisa inogadzirisa pakati pezviyero zvakaenzana zviyero uye BOLD chiratidzo chakachinjika muRMI panguva yekusagadzikana Stroop mamiriro. (A) Kurongeka kwakasarudzika pakati pesenti change muR. DLPFC uye HBI mucherechedzo (kuruboshwe) pamwe neSAST-R mamaki (kurudyi). (B) Kurongeka kwakasarudzika pakati pesenti change muR. IPC kurudyi uye HBI mucherechedzo (kuruboshwe), pamwe neSAST-R chikero (kurudyi). BONERWA, ropa oxygen oxygen-inotsamira; HBI, Hypersexual Behavior Inventory; R. DLPFC, kurudyi dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; R. IPC, kurudyi inferior parietal cortex; ROI, dunhu rekufarira; SAST-R, Kuita Zvepabonde Kuvheneka Kuongorora-R.

hurukuro

Chidzidzo chazvino chakanangana nekujekesa maitiro ehunhu ari kukanganisa kukanganisa muhutongi hwekutonga pakati pevanhu vane PHB. Sezvo hypothesized, vanhu vane PHB yakaratidza yakadzora hutongi hwehutongi hwakabatana nekuderera kwema activation kweDLPFC uye kurudyi kwakaderera parietal cortex panguva yeongorororu Stroop miedzo. Uyezve, yakaderera BOLD chiratidzo shanduko muDLPFC uye yakaderera parietal cortex panguva isiri yechokwadi Stroop miedzo yakabatanidzwa neakakwira SAST-R uye HBI scores mune vanhu vane PHB. Isu takaratidza zvakare dzimwe nzvimbo dzehuropi kunze kwedunhu rekufarira (DLPFC) panguva yeSroop basa. Iyo chaiyo putamen mu basal ganglia nepakati uye yakaderera yepamberi gyri yakave yakadzoserwa panguva yekusagadzikana mamiriro ichienzaniswa nechimiro cheuconsent, icho chinoenderana nezvapfuura zvidzidzo zveStroop mugumo.32, 34. Misiyano yeboka mune yakaderera parietal cortex uye yepakati uye yakaderera yepamberi gyri panguva yeStroop basa iri mukuenderana nemhedzisiro kubva kune varwere vane mamwe maitiro ekupindwa muropa (35).

Nezve kuita kwebasa, vanhu vane PHB vakaratidza huwandu hwekanganiso pane hwekutonga zvine hutano mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka. Basa reStroop rinoda kuziva kweyekudzivirira kweanopindura otomatiki (semuenzaniso, kuverenga mazwi); Kunyanya, chiito chakanangwa mumamiriro asina kukodzera chinogona kungoitwa nemazvo kana icho chisina kukodzera kukurudzira (chirevo cheshoko) chakadzivirirwa. Shorter mhinduro nguva uye yakawedzera mhinduro chaiyo inofungidzirwa kuratidza zvirinani kugona kugadzirisa uye kudzivisa (36. Naizvozvo, kusashanda zvakanaka muvanhu vane PHB kunogona kududzirwa sekuratidzira kuremara kwekutonga kukuru. Kuongorora uku kunoenderana nezvakawanikwa zveongororo yakapfuura zvine chekuita neyekugwinyisa tsika (15, 16).

Zvichibva pamhedzisiro yekudzidza uku, tinoratidza kuti maitiro ePHB anogona kunge ari nekuda kwekudzikira kwechiitiko mune DLPFC uye kurudyi inferior parietal cortex. Goldstein uye Volkow (25) yakakurudzira kuti basa rinononoka kuita uye rakakura zvikanganiso panguva isiriyo Stroop basa mamiriro ezvinhu chiratidzo chekushungurudzika kwePCC. Zvidzidzo zvinoongorora basa reStroop mukupindwa muropa (kureva, kutsamira kwezvinodzvinyirira uye kupindwa muropa nemaitiro) zvakataura zvakaderedzwa zviitiko muPFC chaiyo, kusanganisira DLPFC, panguva isina kunaka zvichienzaniswa nemamiriro ezvinhu15, 26, 37, 38. Izvo zvakawanikwa zvekuongororwa kwazvino zvinoenderana neaya akapfuura mishumo uye kuwedzera kutsanangura pane zvawanikwa nekuratidzira kusawirirana pakati pekuvhurwa kwenzvimbo dzehuropi idzi nekunetseka kwePHB.

Iyo DLPFC inobatanidzwa neakakwira-kurongeka ekuziva ekugadzirisa mabasa akadai sekutarisa uye kunyengera ruzivo mukushanda kwendangariro (39. Milham et al. (40) yakatsanangura mabasa maviri eiyo DLPFC panguva yeStroop task performance: (1) ichisarura kusarudzwa kweanomiririra-yakakodzera mumiririri mukati mememori yekushanda, uye (2) modulating chiitiko mune yepashure yekugadzirisa system (semuenzaniso, kuwedzera basa rekunze mukati mechinongedzo-chakakodzera kugadzirisa system). Iro basa rekare rinoreva nzira yekusarura, kusarudza, uye kunyengedza basa-rakakodzera (kureva, graphic) pane basa-risinei (kureva, semantic) ruzivo. Iri rekupedzisira basa rinorondedzera mafambisirwo ekuvhiya nzvimbo dzehuropi muchirongwa-chakakodzera kugadzirisa maitiro kuitira kugovera nekuchengetedza zviwanikwa zvekutarisirwa kweruzivo rune basa. Iyo DLPFC inonyatsobatana neyemukati yekuona yekugadzirisa nzvimbo (semuenzaniso, iyo parietal lobe uye yekutanga visual cortex) uye inofungidzirwa kukwidziridza neural chiitiko kuburikidza neaya akananga neuronal kubatana.41-44. Kufunga kwekufungidzira kweBrain kwakaratidza kuti DLPFC activation inofambidzana nekumiswa kweiyo parietal lobe panguva isina kunaka Stroop mamiriro (21, 22, 45. Idzi data dzinotsigirwa nezvakabuda muongororo yazvino, izvo zvakabvumirana kubatana kweDLPFC uye parietal lobe muboka rekutonga panguva yezvisina kunaka. Iyo yepasi parietal cortex inosanganiswa nekutarisa kwekuona (46) uye inobatsira kuti irambe ichisarudzika kudzora kwekutendera nekubvumira imwe kuti isazvidza zvisina kufanira. Mune kumwe kuongorora kwekushanda kwekushanda kwekuyeuka basa, huwandu hwakawedzerwa hwekusakurudzira hunogadzira yakawedzera activation ye posterior parietal cortex (47. Naizvozvo, kuderedzwa chiitiko mune chaicho DLPFC uye yakaderera parietal cortex muvanhu vane PHB inogona kumiririra kusakwana mukukwanisa kusarudza ruzivo rwakakodzera uye kusazvidza ruzivo rusina basa. Uku kushomeka mukutonga kwevakuru kunogona kuita kuti zviome zvakanyanya kuvanhu vane PHB kudzvinyirira zvido zvepabonde kana maitiro.

Kuganhurirwa kwechidzidzo chiripo ndotevera. Kutanga, iyi ongororo yakaongorora chete zvazvino mamiriro epfungwa dzevanhu vane PHB; saka, mhedzisiro yedu haigadziri iyo causal yemukati yehukama pakati pesimba rekutonga kushomeka uye PHB. Chechipiri, takashandisa iyo SAST uye HBI zviyero kuti tora chikamu hypersexuality. Ivo vanoyera zvinoenderana zvine hukama nezvinhu zvepfungwa zvakadai sekusimudzira zvepabonde uye kunyara kwepabonde, pamwe neiya ine hukama nehukama hwepfungwa hunosanganisira kuwanda. Zvidzidzo zvichangobva kuitika nezvebonde uye kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira zvinoratidza kuti pfungwa dzepfungwa dzakakosha kudarika hunhu hwepabonde kukudziridza hunhu hunopedzeredza (48-50. Izvi zvakawanikwa zvinoratidza mukana wemhedzisiro dzakasiyana pakati pezvepfungwa nepfungwa pazvinhu mukutonga kwakanyanya pabonde nekupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti uone kuti chimwe nechimwe chinhu chinobata sei masimba ekutonga uye kuona kuti ndezvipi zvakakosha mukugadzira bonde nekupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira. Mune zvidzidzo zvenguva yemberi, tinoronga kuyedza kushamwaridzana pakati pechinhu chimwe nechimwe uye nemasimba ekutonga nekubvisa zvinovhiringidza zvimwe zvezvimwe zvinhu. Yetatu, iyi ongororo yakaongorora chete murume nomurume vekuAsia. Zvidzidzo zvenguva yemberi zvinofanirwa kusanganisira vatori vechikadzi vakasiyana, maitiro ezvepabonde, uye madzinza ekunze kuti vape zvimwe zvakadzama pfungwa muPB. Kunyangwe vanhu vane PHB mune ino ongororo vakasangana nemifungo yakanangwa yePhB yakamboshandiswa mune zvidzidzo zvakapfuura (2, 28), hapana mamiriro ekuziva maitiro ePHB. Nekudaro, kurapwa kwekuongororwa kwehutano hwePBB kunodiwa kuitira kuti kuvandudza kuvimbika kwePhB zvidzidzo. Chekupedzisira, zvinenge zvichinakidza kuona kana izvo zvakawanikwa zvakafanana muboka rePHB nemifungo (semuenzaniso, fungidziro) chete vs. vanhu vanonyatsoita maitiro anetsa. Nekudaro, saizi yemuenzaniso muchidzidzo ichi yakanga iri diki, uye vatori vechikamu vaive nemhando yepamusoro yemafungiro ezvepabonde uye vaiwanzoita maitiro ane matambudziko. Nechikonzero ichocho, zvaive zvakaoma kusiyanisa mapoka maviri aya. Isu tinoshuvira kusanganisa iyi boka mukuenzanisa mune ramangwana zvidzidzo nekunyora zvimwe zvidzidzo.

Kunyangwe pane zvataurwa pamusoro apa, ongororo iripo inobatsira kuti unzwisise hunhu uye nzira dzakakodzera dzeEMBP. Muchidimbu, vanhu vane PHB vanoratidza kushomeka basa rekuita uye vakadzikisa activation muPCA panguva yeSroop kupindira basa vachienzanisa neyakajairika kudzora. Zvatinowana zvinosimbisa kuvepo kwekuremara kwemasimba ekutonga uye kugona kwepamberi kushaya basa mune vanhu vane PHB, zvakafanana nezvawanikwa mune mamwe matambudziko akawandisa maitiro.

Ethics Statement

Vese vatori vechikamu vakapa mvumo yekunyora yakanyorwa mushure mekuudzwa zvakakwana nezve ruzivo rweyedzo. Iyo Chungnam National University Institutional Ongorora Board (IRB) yakabvumidza miedzo yekubvumidza uye yekubvumidza (nhamba yekutendera: 01309-SB-003-01; Daejeon, South Korea). Vese vatori vechikamu vakagamuchira mari yekubhadharwa (50 US madhora) yekutora kwavo chikamu.

Munyori Mipiro

J-WS yakatsigira kubata nekuedza dhizaini, kana kutora data, kana kuongorora, kududzirwa kwedatha, uye J-HS inobatsira zvikuru mukududzira data uye kunyora chinyorwa zvacho kana kuchishandura zvakanyanya zvine hunyanzvi hwekudzidza.

Kurwisana kweShoko Nyaya

Vanyori vanotaura kuti kutsvakurudza kwakaitwa mukusabatwa kweukama hwekutengeserana kana hwezvemari hunogona kunzi sekugona kukakavara kwechido.

Kutenda

Iri basa raitsigirwa neBazi reDzidziso reRepublic of Korea uye National Research Foundation yeKorea (NRF-2018S1A5A8029877).

Supplementary Material

Iyo Supplementary Material yechinyorwa ichi inogona kuwanikwa online pa: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00460/full#supplementary-material

Abbreviations

DLPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; EPI_BOLD, echo-planar kufungidzira ropa oksijeni-inotsamira; HBI, Hypersexual Behavior Inventory; PHB, zvinetso hypersexual maitiro; SAST: Kuita Zvepabonde Kuvheneka Kuongorora.

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Mazwi ekiyi: zvinetso hypersexual maitiro, maneja kutonga, Stroop basa, inoshanda magineti ekutenderera kwemafungiro, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, yakaderera parietal cortex

Kuongorora: Seok JW uye Sohn JH (2018) Shandurwa Yepamberi uye Yakadzika Basa Parietal Panguva YeStroop Task Mune Vemunhu Ine Dambudziko Hypersexual Behaeve. Front. Psychiatry 9: 460. doi: 10.3389 / fpsyt.2018.00460

Yakagamuchirwa: 31 Kurume 2018; Yakagamuchirwa: 04 Gunyana 2018;
Rakatsikiswa: 25 Gunyana 2018.

Rakapepetwa:

Mudiki-Chul Jung, Yonsei University, South Korea

Akaongororwa nevanhu:

Kesong Hu, DePauw University, United States
Alessio Simonetti, Baylor College yeMishonga, United States

Copyright © 2018 Seok uye Sohn. Iri ibhuku rakasununguka-rinoparadzirwa pasi pemashoko e Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). Iko kushandiswa, kugovera kana kubereka zvakare mune mamwe maforamu anotenderwa, chero munyori wepakutanga (muridzi) uye muridzi (iye) muridzi wekopi akabvumidzwa uye zvakaburitswa mukutanga kwebhuku iri muchinyorwa ichi, zvinoenderana negwara rekudzidza. Hapana kushandiswa, kugovera kana kubereka zvakare zvinotenderwa izvo zvisingaenderane nematemu aya.

* Nyanzvi: Jin-Hun Sohn, [email inodzivirirwa]