COMMENTS: Ichi chidzidzo chinotsanangura zvakawanikwa zve iyi 2014 Cambridge University kudzidza iyo inofanidza kuve nehanya kwezvinhu zvinonyadzisira zvinotengesa kuhutano hwakanaka. Zvidzidzo zvitsva zvinosiyana neCambridge imwe, zvisinei. Panzvimbo pokufananidza vanodhakwa zvepabonde kuti vatarise, chidzidzo chitsva chakakonzera zvikamu pamusoro pekuita zvepabonde pamusana pemigumisiro yebasa rinotarisa kunyanya kufarira (tsananguro yekucherechedza). Chidzidzo chacho chakatsanangura zvitatu zvinokosha:
- Kuita zvepabonde kwepamusoro kwepamusoro kunobatanidza nekupindira kwakanyanya (kukuvhiringidzwa kwakawedzerwa) panguva yekuita basa redu. Izvi zvinowirirana nekudzidza zvinodhaka zvisina kunaka uye Cambridge University kudzidza. Semuenzaniso, mumiyedzo yakafanana kune vechidhakwa, mazwi akadai se "pub" uye "booze" anokanganisa kugona kwemusoro kuita basa riripo.
- Hezvino izvo zvitsva: Chidzidzo chakabatanidza iyo "makore ekuita bonde" ne1) iyo yekudhakwa kwepabonde zvikoro uye zvakare 2) mhedzisiro yebasa rekucherechedza. Pakati peavo vanokwirisa pamusoro pehupombwe, vashoma makore ehutano hwepabonde akanga akabatanidzwa mukuru kucherechedza. Saka kukwidziridzwa kwepabonde kwakakwirira + makore mashoma ehutano hwepabonde = hukuru hwezviratidzo zvekudhakwa (kunyanya kufungidzira, kana kupindira). Asi kutarisisa kwekutarisira kunodzikira zvakanyanya muvashandisi vekumanikidza, uye kunonyangarika pane yakanyanya makore emakore ehutano hwepabonde. Vanyori vakapedzisa kuti mhedzisiro iyi inogona kuratidza kuti mamwe makore e "kuita zvekuita zvebonde" zvinotungamira mukugara kwakawanda kana huwandu hwakawanda hwekupindura kwemufaro (desensitization). Chidimbu kubva muchikamu chekupedzisira:
"Imwe tsananguro inogona kuitika yemhedzisiro iyi ndeyekuti semunhu anoita zvebonde anoita hunhu hwekumanikidza, template inosimudza inosangana inokura [36-38] uye kuti nekufamba kwenguva, hunhu hwakanyanya hunodikanwa kuti mwero mumwechete wekumutsa uzadzikiswe. Inoenderera mberi ichipokana kuti semunhu anozvibata nekumanikidzira maitiro, maeuropathways anozoita desensitized kune akawanda 'akajairwa' zvekuita bonde kana mifananidzo uye vanhu vakatendeukira kune zvimwe 'zvakanyanyisa' kukurudzira kuti vaone kumutswa kwaunoda. Izvi zvinoenderana nebasa rinoratidza kuti 'vane hutano' vanhurume vanojairira kutsanangudza zvinokatyamadza nekufamba kwenguva uye kuti hunhu uhu hunoratidzwa nekuderera kwekumutsa uye kwekunzwa mhinduro [39]. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti vakawanda vanomanikidzira, vanoita zvepabonde vave 'vasina simba' kana kuti vasina hanya nemashoko 'akafananidzwa' ane chokuita nepabonde anoshandiswa muchidzidzo chezvino uye sekuratidzwa kwakadaro kwakaderedza kusarura, asi avo vane kuwedzera kwekumanikidzika uye zvishoma ruzivo vachiri kuratidza kupindira nekuti zvinoratidzira zvinoratidza kuwedzera kuziva. ”
3. Pakati pevatori vechikamu nevadzidzi vashoma pamusana pepabonde rekutsvaga zvepabonde pamusana pekuita zvekuita zvepabonde pamusana pekusangana kwepabonde zvinongoramba zvichida nguva dzose pasinei nekuwedzera kwehutano hwechiitiko
Eur Mushonga Res. 2016 Oct 1;23(1):1-6.
Albery IP1, Lowry J, Frings D, Johnson HL, Hogan C, Moss AC.
ngovepo
ZVAKAITIKA / ZVINOKOSHA:
Kana kushungurudzwa kwepabonde uye mamwe maitiro ekurwisa kunowanzoenderana nemaetiology, zvinyorwa zvemazuva ano pamusoro pebasa rekucherechedza pakunzwisisa maitiro ekurwisa zvinoshanda.
METHODZO:
Kuongorora kutarisa kwemashoko ane chokuita nepabonde pakati pevanhu vanoita zvepabonde uye ukama pakati pekuita zvepabonde nekuita zvepabonde nekubatana kwevanhu, 55 vanhu vanoita zvepabonde vakagadzirisa basa rakagadzirirwa Stroop uye kuvhara kwepabonde.
RESULTS:
Zvitsva zvakaratidza kufungidzira kune zvinokonzera zvepabonde kune vatori vechikamu vanoita zvepabonde. Mukuwedzera, pakati pevaya vane uwandu hwepabonde hwekuita zvepabonde, huwandu hwekufungisisa humwe hwakanga hwakafanana kune dzose dzehutano hwepabonde. Pakati peavo vane zvikwata zvepamusoro zvekuita zvepabonde, kukanganisa kukuru kwakabatanidzwa nehuwandu hwehutano hwepabonde.
Chiverengwa:
Kunyanya kufarira kunongororwa kunobata-funganya kwakasiyana sekushanda kwekubatana pakati pehurefu hwomunhu huve huri kuita zvepabonde nekunyengedzera kwekuita kwavo zvepabonde.
PMID: 27694756
DOI: 10.1159/000448732
KUBVA KUCHAITWA
Bepa iri rakatsvaga mashandiro ehukama hwekutarisa muboka revanhu vanoita zvepabonde. Kana isu tikabvuma humbowo hunoratidza kuti kupindwa muropa uye nekumanikidza maitiro zvakajairika kusvika padanho rekugovana shanduko uye nekushanduka shanduko munzira yemubairo uye iwo matunhu ane chekuita nekumanikidza kwekudzora uye mutemo wekudzivirira [6], inofanirwawo kunge iri nyaya yekuti maitiro ekurwisa anofanira zvakare govana yakajairika pateni yekupindura mune yekuziva indices inoenderana neaya maitiro Pfungwa, zvaitaurwa kuti nzira dzinoverengeka dzekunzwisisa kuvandudza nekuchengetedza kwehunhu hunodzvinyirira zvinoenderana nekufunga uku. Semuenzaniso, kusagadzikana kwekusimudzira dzidziso kunofunga kuti mhinduro yedopaminergic kune yakadzokororwa kushandiswa kwechinhu inowedzera kusvika padanho rekusimudzirwa, rinokurudzira zvakanyanya, uye rinokonzeresa hunhu kuburikidza nechishuwo icho chinoitika kune mumwe mukupindura kune zvine chekuita nezvinhu [18 Saizvozvowo, Franken [ 17] akataura kuti mushure mekudzokorora ruzivo nechinhu, zvimiro zvine hukama zvinove zvakanyanya uye zvinowanzoita kutora pfungwa nekuda kwekuburitswa kwedopamine mudunhu recorticostriatal rine chekuita nekuona kwezvinhu zvakadaro. Uku kufunga kunoratidza kuti vanhu vanofanirwa kuratidza kutarisisa kutarisisa kune zvirevo zvine chekuita neakakurudzira maitiro. Isu takaedza kuti vanhu varatidze iwo maitiro ekupindura mune yakashandurwa Stroop basa, iro rave richishandiswa zvakanyanya kuongorora kutsauswa kwezvekucherechedza zviwanikwa kune zvine chekuita nezvehukama. Zviwanikwa zvakaratidza kuti vanhu vanoita zvepabonde vanonyatsoratidza kupindira kukuru muvara rinodudza mazwi ane chekuita nezvebonde zvine chekuita nezvematongerwo enyika, uye ukuru hwesarudzo iyi hwakange hwakasiyana zvakanyanya kubva pachikamu chekutanga (zvichiratidza kuti hapana kupindira). Huno humbowo hunosimbisa yakafanana pateni yemhedzisiro kune iyo yakataurwa nezvezvinhu zvine chekuita nezvinhu [21] uye hunhu husina hukama-hunosanganisira hunhu hwepabonde [30-32, 35].
Kunyange zvazvo humwe uchapupu hunopa kuratidzwa kwekushanda kwemaonero evanhu vakawanda vanoita zvepabonde, taifarirawo kuongorora hukama huripo hupenyu hwehutano hwehutano uye humwe huripo huripo huripo hwekushanda kwekutarisa. Maererano nemitemo iyo yakarongerwa mukukurudzirwa kwekusimudzira pfungwa [18] uye neuropsychopharmacological approach [17], kukanganisa kwakanyanya kunofanira kufananidzwa nekudzokorora maitiro ekuita uye zviyero zvakabatana nekudya kwakanyanya kana kusagadzikana pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvezviito [15]. Izvo zvisingazivikanwi kubva nenzira iyi, zvisinei, ndezvokuti kunyanya kufungidzirwa kwekushushikana kwakabatana kunofananidzirwa nehukama huri pakati pemazuva ehutano hwekuita uye kusurukirwa
Maererano nebasa rakapedzana rakarongeka mune mamwe maitiro ekurwisa, raiva chirevo chekutanga kuti kune hukama hwakanaka pakati pechiito chekuita nekuita zvepabonde muhuporofita hwekufungisisa. Hakaenderana nezvakawanikwa, basa rinoongorora hukama pakati pekuita zvepabonde nekunyanya kufarira kwakambove yakaratidza kuwirirana kwakanaka [11, 32]. Zvisinei, kuongorora kwedu kunowedzera mumuviri uyu webasa nekucherechedza kukosha kwekubatana pakati penguva yekuita zvepabonde zvakasimba uye zvekuita zvepabonde nhamba dzekufanotaurira kufungidzira kwezvakawanda zvikoro. Yakaonekwa kuti pakati pevaya vane uwandu hwepabonde hwekuita zvepabonde, huwandu hwekufungisisa hwakanga hwakafanana kune dzose dzehutano hwepabonde. Pakati peavo vane maitiro epamusoro ekumanikidzika kwepabonde, kuwedzera kukanganisa kunobatanidza nehuwandu hwehutano hwepabonde nekuderedza kufunganya kwehutano kunoenderana nehupamhi hwehutano hwezvepabonde. Muchidimbu, izvi zvakawanikwa zvinoratidza kuti kunyanya kufarira kunetseka kunobatsira kunopesana sekushanda kwekushandurana pakati pehurefu hwomunhu huve huri kuita zvepabonde uye kuti zvinomanikidzira kuita kwavo zvepabonde.
Imwe inogona kutsanangurwa yemigumisiro iyi ndeyekuti sezvo munhu wepabonde achiita zvepabonde kune mamwe maitiro ekumanikidzika, rimwechete rine arousal template rinokura [36-38] uye kuti nokufamba kwenguva, humwe hutsika hwakanyanya hunodikanwa kuti huve imwechete yekumutsa kuti iite. Zvinoramba zvichipikiswa kuti somumwe munhu anowanzoita zvinomanikidzika maitiro, neuropathways anozvidzivirira kune mamwe maitiro e "normalized" zvepabonde kana mifananidzo uye vanhu vanotendeukira kune zvimwe 'zvakanyanya' zvinokonzera kuti vaone kuti vanoda sei. Izvi zvinopindirana nebasa rinoratidza kuti 'vane utano' varume vanowanzotarisirwa kujekesa nguva yakareba uye kuti tsika iyi inoratidzika nekuderera kunomutsa uye kukanganisa mhinduro [39]. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti vamwe vanoita zvechisimba, vanoita zvepabonde vanenge vava 'numb' kana kuti vakawanda vasina hanya nemashoko e "normalized" ane chokuita nepabonde anoshandiswa munharaunda yemazuva ano uye sezvakadaro kuratidza kuderedza kufunganya kwevanhu, asi avo vane kuwedzera kwekunyengedzera uye vasati vasati vadzidza vachiri kuratidza kupesana nokuti zvinokurudzira zvinoratidza kunyanya kunzwisiswa kugogodza. Basa remangwana rinotarisirwa kuti riongorore kuongorora uku nekuenzanisa mapoka evanhu vanoita zvepabonde, akakwirira uye akaderera mukuita zvepabonde, pamusana pekukurudzirwa uye kusagadziriswa.
;