Kuita zvepabonde Kunokanganisa uye Kurega: Phenomenology, Neurogenetics uye Epigenetics (2015)

COMMENTS: Chikamu chekupokana pepa iri chine zvinotevera:

Kune akati wandei wedzero dzemagetsi dzakavakirwa pamagetsi, neboka raPrause iro rinopa humwe humbowo hwekuti chishuwo chebonde, kwete hushingi, chinofanotaura kuzvitongesa kwehukombwe [92]. Vanoongorora vanoti mune rimwe basa kuti zvidzidzo zvinodzidzisa matambudziko ekugadzirisa maonero avo ekuona zvepabonde zvinosimudzira (VSS) avo vakataura chishuwo chepamusoro chekuratidzira chakaratidza kunonoka kwakanaka kuita (LPP) pakupindura VSS. Vanyori vanofunga kuti iyi nzira inoratidzika zvakasiyana kubva kune zvinodhaka zvinodhaka [93].

Mapepa maviri eEEG ne "boka raPrause" akaongororwa zvakanyanya mumagazini akaongororwa-nevamwe uye nevamwe (kusanganisira YBOP). Muzvokwadi, zvakawanikwa mumapepa ese ari maviri zvinoenderana nemhando yekupindwa muropa, kunyangwe mhedzisiro yevanyori vavo. Yeye 2013 EEG kudzidza ona:

Nezve 2015 EEG kudzidza ona:

Hazvingave zvakanaka here kana vaongorori vakaverenga izvo zvidzidzo zvavanotaura pane kungodzokorora misoro yemunyori anotungamira?

RATIDZA KUTI BHUKU

Yakabudiswa: October 12, 2015 (ona nhoroondo)

DOI: 10.7759 / kurapa.348

Taura nyaya ino se: Blum K, Badgaiyan RD, Goridhe MS (Gumiguru 12, 2015) Hypersexuality Kupindwa muropa uye Kubviswa: Phenomenology, Neurogenetics uye Epigenetics. Cureus 7 (10): e348. doi: 10.7759 / kurapa.348

ngovepo

Hypersexuality yakatsanangurwa sekuita zvisina kujairika kuita bonde. Epidemiological uye kiriniki zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti iyi isiri-paraphilic mamiriro ane "akawandisa" maitiro epabonde uye kusagadzikana kunoperekedzwa nekushushikana kwega uye kwehukama nehutano hwekurapa. Iyo inyaya ine gakava zvikuru uye yezvematongerwo enyika maererano nemabatirwo aungaiitwa seakafanana kana kuti asina kufanana nehunhu hwekudhakwa kusanganisira kushandisa zvinodhaka. Hypersexual kusagadzikana kunofungidzirwa sechinhu chisiri-cheparaphilic chishuwo chepabonde kusagadzikana nekusagadzikana. Maonero ePathophysiological anosanganisira kukanganisika kwekusimudzira zvepabonde uye chishuwo, kushushikana pabonde, uye kumanikidza kwepabonde. Iyo nucleus accumbens, iri mukati meiyo ventral striatum, inopindirana nekusimbisa mhedzisiro yezvinodhaka zvekushungurudzwa, senge cocaine, doro, nicotine, uye chikafu pamwe nemumhanzi. Chokwadi, zvinofungidzirwa kuti chimiro ichi chinoraira maitiro akakwidziridzwa nechikurudziro. Aya maitiro anosanganisira mibairo yepanyama sekudyisa, kunwa, kuita bonde, uye kuongorora kwekutsvagisa. Mutemo wakakosha wekusimbisa kwakanaka ndeyekuti mota mhinduro dzinowedzera mukukura uye nesimba kana zvichiteverwa nechiitiko chinopa mubayiro. Pano, isu tiri kufungidzira kuti kune yakajairika mashandiro ekuita (MOA) yemasimba masimba zvinodhaka, mimhanzi, chikafu, uye bonde zvine chekuita nevanhu. Kutyaira kwevanhu kweaya matatu anodiwa maitiro ekukurudzira "nzara, nyota, uye bonde" vanogona vese kuve neakajairika mamorekuru echisimba zvipikiso izvo, kana zvisina kukwana, zvinotungamira kune zvakashata maitiro. Isu tinofungidzira kuti zvichibva pane yakawanda yesainzi yekutsigira hypersexual chiitiko zvechokwadi kunge zvinodhaka, chikafu, uye mimhanzi iyo inoita kuti huropi mesolimbic mubairo wedunhu. Zvakare, dopaminergic geni uye pamwe imwe yemubatanidzwa neurotransmitter-inoenderana neyemagene polymorphisms inokanganisa zvese hedonic uye anhedonic maitiro emhedzisiro. Pane zvishoma zvinozivikanwa nezveese mageneti uye epigenetics yehupombwe mune zvinyorwa zvazvino. Zvisinei, isu tinofungidzira kuti zvidzidzo zvenguva yemberi zvichibva pakuongororwa nemakiriniki ekurapa pamwe chete nejenotyping yevanopindwa muropa nepabonde zvichapa humbowo hwekusangana kwehunyanzvi hwepabonde nemasangano epolymorphic. Pakave nezvimwe zvidzidzo zvichishandisa maekisesaizi emagetsi asingatsigire iwo maonero ekuti hupombwe chaihwoihwo hwakafanana nekushandisa zvinodhaka nezvimwe zvinodhaka. Vanyori vari kukurudzirawo masayendisiti emakiriniki uye ezvidzidzo kuti vatange kutsvagisa vachishandisa maturusi ekuongorora zvisikwa dopaminergic agonistic vamiririri vachinongedzera chaiwo magene polymorphisms kuti "vagadzirise" hunhu hwehupombwe.

Nhanganyaya & kumashure

Chokwadi, hypersexual maitiro yakanyorwa mukati mezvirwere zvekiriniki uye zvekutsvaga mumakore gumi apfuura [1]. VaBenjamin Rush, chiremba mumwe wevakatanga baba vekuUnited States vakanyora zvakanyanyisa kuzvibata [2] Richard von Krafft-Ebing, 19th yezana ramakore ekuEuropean piyona wezvepabonde, uye Hirshfeld mu1948 vese vakaenderera nebasa [3-4]. Mushandi wepamutemo wevaongorori ava akataura kuti hunhu hunopfuurira hwekuita hupombwe (hunhu) hwevanhurume nevanhukadzi vane chishuwo chakanyanya chekuita zvepabonde nekukanganisa. Mu1975, Stroller yakaratidza mamiriro ezvinhu saDon Juanism [5]. Mu1969, Allen akataura satyriasis yechirume uye nymphomania mune zvevakadzi zvinotsigirwa naEllis naSagarin. [6-7]. Kunyangwe hazvo hupombwe husina kuverengerwa sechirwere chepfungwa muDSM, basa revanoongorora mazuva ano vanosanganisira Kafka, Reid, Bancroft, vavanoshanda navo uye mafungiro esangano reWorld Health zvinogona kutungamira mukuisirwa kwechiitiko ichi sechimwe chinhu chekuongorora. [8-11].

ongorora

Literature maitiro

Iyo Medline dhatabhesi, kubva muna Chikunguru 12, 2015, yakashandiswa kuita internet-yakavakirwa kutsvaga mabhuku. Aya mazwi anotevera aisanganisira: hupombwe (170), hupombwe (479), kupindwa muropa nemurume nemukadzi (1,652), kupindwa muropa nemurume nemukadzi (1,842), kushushikana pabonde (989), kuita zvebonde (946), kuita zvekumanikidza (1,512), kumanikidzwa pabonde (782) ), chirwere chine chekuita neparaphilia (234), uye kunyanyisa zvepabonde (857). Sezvo chinyorwa ichi chiri chipfupi ongororo kwete meta-ongororo, zvinoenderana nesarudzo inomiririra yezvidzidzo izvi zvine chekuita netumusoro twemukati twemukati. Iko kusabatanidzwa kwechero chaiyo kudzidza hakuregerere kukosha kwayo kumunda. Zvinonzwisisika, kune izvo zvisingawirirane nepfungwa yekuti kupindwa muropa pabonde zvirokwazvo kusagadzikana uye kunogona kunge kune humbowo kuratidza kuti vari pavhu rakasimba. Nekudaro, isu tinopokana kuti pane humbowo hwakawanda hwekuratidza kuti kupindwa muropa kwepabonde kuriko uye zvidzidzo zvinosanganisira neuroimaging, neurogenetics uye kunyange epigenetics inotsigira pfungwa yekuti kumanikidzira kupindwa muropa kwepabonde pamwe nehupombwe zvinogona kutariswa sedambudziko rekupindwa muropa. Kunyangwe isu tichiziva nezve mutsauko uyu isu tinoteedzera maonero edu kuti tiwedzere kuongorora kwesainzi uye kwete kudzora rondedzero yesainzi panhau yakakosha iyi. Kuti tivhenekere zvimwe pamusoro penyaya iyi isu takatsvaga zvinyorwa kuti tibvumirane. Musi waAugust 17, 2015 takatsvaga PUBMED Central tichishandisa izwi rinotevera - "Kuita bonde kupindwa muropa chaiko here?" ndokutora zvinyorwa makumi mana nenomwe.

Tsanangudzo yekupindwa muropa

Kuita zvebonde kunotsanangurwa sechero hunhu hwekumanikidza hwepabonde hunokanganisa hupenyu chaihwo uye hunokonzeresa kushushikana kwakanyanya pamhuri, shamwari, vadikani, uye nharaunda yekushandira. Kuita zvepabonde kwave kunzi kuvimba kwepabonde, hupombwe, uye zvekuita zvepabonde. Nezita chero ripi zvaro, hunhu hwekumanikidza hunonyatsotonga hupenyu hwechirwere. Vakapindwa muropa nepabonde vanoita bonde chinhu chakakosha kupfuura mhuri, shamwari, nebasa. Bonde rinova iro rinoronga hupenyu hwezvipenga. Ivo vakagadzirira kupa izvo zvavanokoshesa zvakanyanya kuchengetedza uye kuenderera nehunhu hwavo husina hutano [12]. Hypersexualishuwo yakavezwa senge chishuwo chakavakirwa paupenyu hwekuongororwa kwehuwandu hwekuita kwepabonde nguva uye nguva inoshandiswa mune dzakabatana fungidziro yekufunga. Mune vanhurume, kuongororwa kwechido chakakosheswa chakatsanangurwa naKafka naHannen senge nguva yakachengetedzeka (inokwana mwedzi mitanhatu yekureba kwenguva) yekuenderera mberi kuita mutemo wepabonde (yakazara zvepabonde kubuda / Svondo mushure zera 15). Muchokwadi, nhoroondo yekureba ye hypersexual chido, inoshanda yakatsanangurwa sezviri pamusoro, yakawanikwa mu 72-80% yevanhurume kutsvaga kurapwa kweparazilias nekushungurudzika- [13].

Hypersexuality uye kusiana kwevakadzi

Izvo zvakanyatsosimbiswa kuti munharaunda yevanhu vepano pabonde uye mabhuku zvepamoyo zvido zvinofambiswa sehunhu hwepfungwa dzekufungidzira, zviitiko kana kukurudzira, uye kukurudzira kunoitwa nemunhu kuita hupombwe. Kune ese ari mukati uye ekunze akakodzera matare [14]. Vanotsigira dzidziso yekushanduka-shanduka vakapokana kuti varume nevakadzi vane mazera akasiyana kana zvasvika pane zvebonde [15]. Ongororo dzakawanda dzinoratidza kusiyana kwakasiyana pakati pechirume neechikadzi. Vanhurume vakawedzera kufungidzira kwepabonde [16], kuwedzera kuwanda kwe bonhora [17], kuwedzera kuwanda kwekunze kwekugadzirwa kwekuona kwepabonde kunoonekera [18] mafungiro anobvumidza kuita zvepabonde [19], kudzikama kwemutsvo [20], uye intrinsic kukurudzira [21]. Mukupesana, vanhukadzi vanoratidza chimiro chakasiyana chebonde nechikurudzire chebonde, humhandara, uye tsika yekuita zvepabonde ichiumbwa nezvinhu zvekushanduka-shanduka. [22] uye hukuru hwokubereka, hwepfungwa, uye hwediki kudzimba mukubereka nekurera vana [23]. Vanhukadzi havanyanyo pererwa ne hypersexourse [24] uye yakagadziridzwa kukurudzira hukama pamwe uye kwenguva yakareba kuzvipira kwemumwe murume [25]. Kunyange kupindwa muropa kwepabonde kuri kufungidzirwa kusvika kune 3% kusvika ku6% yehuwandu, nzwisiso yakajeka yeanopokana antobiediki ishoma [26] pamwe chete nemakiriniki kuongororwa [27]. Isu tinokurudzira kuenderera mberi nekuverenga pamusoro pekumanikidzwa kwepabonde, kubatanidzwa uye kutarisa zvepabonde [28], uye kusiana kwevakadzi mukupindura kune zvinokurudzira zvepabonde [29-30].

Zvinokosha kuti Kafka naHennen [13], yakawana kuti zera rekureva kwekutanga kweanopfuurira hypersexual maitiro aive 18.7 ± 7.2 makore mune varume vanoita zvepabonde uye zera rekutangira kwe hypersexual maitiro yaive zera 7-46. Nguva yepakati yeiyo yepamusoro-soro yakachengetedzwa maitiro ehupombwe hwekuita zvepabonde yaive 12.3 ± 10.1 makore. Nekudaro, iyo nguva yekuremerwa yeaya evarume vanoita zvepabonde ari hypersexual akatsvaga kurapwa aive 37 ± 9 makore. Hanson, et al. yakaongororawo hypersexourse mune vatadzi uye yakawana kuti vakaderera vane mitero yepasi yekudzora kupfuura avo vane mhosva zvakanyanya. [31].

Hypersexuality uye co-morbid chinodhaka zvinodhaka

Iko kune yakanyanya kubatana-morbidity pakati pe hypersexual kusagadzikana uye zvimwe zvinodhaka, zvakadai sekushandiswa kwezvinodhaka kusagadzikana [32-33]. Kunyanya, Garcia naThorbaut vakakurudzira kuti phenomenology yekunyanyisa isiri-paraphilic zvepabonde chirwere inofanira kuverengerwa seyakaipirwa maitiro, pane kungovhiringidza-kunomanikidza, kana chisimba chekumanikidza kusagadzikana [34]. Ivo vanonongedza nenzira kwayo kuti maitiro ari padyo zvakanyanya neaya ehurombo hwekupindwa muropa sekurudzirwawo nevamwe [35]. Ava vaongorori vakapa kukurudzira kwekuenderera mberi nekutsvagisa munzvimbo ino uye zvingangoitika mune ramangwana kubatanidzwa kwehypersexual kusagadzikana muDSM-6. Zvinodhaka zvekushungurudzwa, dombo 'n' roll, uye bonde zviri kuitika, uye mhemberero dzese dzakavakwa dzakakomberedza misanganiswa iyi kubva kuWoodstock kusvika parizvino.

Izvo zvinyorwa zvinoratidza kuti vashandisi ve methamphetamine vanotaura kuti uyu mushonga unomutsa unowedzera chishuwo chebonde, kunyanya njodzi. Nekudaro, amphetamine yakaratidzirwa kuderedza chiitiko chebonde chemakonzo echikadzi. Uine izvi mupfungwa, Holder, et al. akaongorora basa re methamphetamine mune vakadzi makonzo [36]. Vakawana kuti, pane zvinopesana, methamphetamine yakafambisa chimiro chevakadzi chepabonde, uye izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuwedzerwa kwekutapurirana kwe dopaminergic uye kunyangwe kuitisa neurotransmission nekuda kwekubatanidzwa kwemahomoni eOvarian uye methamphetamine. Kunyanya, ivo vakawana kuwedzera kwekurudziro yekuita zvepabonde pamwe chete nekuvandudza kweiyo neuronal chiitiko mune medial amygdala uye ventromedial nucleus ye hypothalamus.

Zvakare, masayendisiti kubva kuNetherlands akadzidza kubatana-kwesimba kwekudhakwa kwezvinodhaka mune avo vakazviratidza pachavo mapasuru [37]. Muchidzidzo ichi, Spauwen, et al. akagumisa kuti 79% yevapfeki vakataura kusevenzesa kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka (kusanganisira doro uye kushandisa erectile dysfunction zvinodhaka); 46% yavo yakataura kakawanda kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka. Muchokwadi, kushandisa zvinodhaka kwekuvaraidza (kusanganisa doro uye erectile dysfunction zvinodhaka) kwakabatana zvakanyanya nehukasha hwepabonde maitiro mune varume nevakadzi. Zvakare, kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka kwaive kwakazvimiririra kwakabatana nehutachiona hwepabonde (STI) mune vakadzi mapurazi, kunyanya avo vanoita chikamu pabonde.

Castelo-Branco, et al. yakataura kuti vakadzi vechidiki vakuru vanoona kuti kuita zvepabonde chinhu chakakosha muhupenyu hwavo asi kwete kwekutanga kunetseka (77.6%) [38]. Vakataurawo kuti doro rinobvisa zvipingaidzo zvekuita bonde (62.3%). Zvikurukuru, ivo vakawana zvakare kuti kunwisa doro kwaive kufanofungidzira kwakasiyana mukuvandudza maitiro ane njodzi akazvimiririra zera remukadzi.

Izvo zvinokoshesa kuti Jia, et al. yakataurwa nenjodzi muvatano pakati pevane psychostimulant nevanodzvinyirira vanhurume, kusanganisira kuita zvepabonde kwakawanda, vakomana nevanhurume vanoita zvebonde, uye vanoita zvepabonde zvisingaite kana. [39].

Muridzi wedu mukuru ndeyekuti zvinodhaka, zvakaita sengeampamphetamine, cocaine, heroin, uye doro, zvinomutsa chishuwo chebonde mune zvisina kupindwa muropa. Mune vakapindwa muropa, zvakasiyana chaizvo; iyo iyo mishonga inogona kukonzera anhedonia pane chisingaperi chirwere. Nekudaro, post-kupindwa muropa panguva yekudzora chikamu mune dzakawanda zviitiko aphrodisiac kunge maitiro akacherechedzwa.

Hypersexuality uye kubvisa

Kutsvaga kwakaitwa muPubMed (7-19-15) uchishandisa izwi rekuti "hupombwe uye zviratidzo zvekusiya" kwakakonzera muzvinyorwa zvishanu chete, hapana chimwe chazvo chakatsanangura "kubvisa zviratidzo." Nekudaro, kumwe kutsvagisa uchishandisa mazwi ekuti "kukwirira kwekuita bonde zviratidzo" kwakaburitsa muzvinyorwa makumi maviri neshanu zvakanyorwa.

Kupindwa muropa nemushumo wekupora kunowedzera mukudya uye kutyaira kwekutya kune zvimwe zvekudya uye kushungurudzwa kwefodya panguva yekuramba kwenguva refu. Kurera huremu kwakaratidzirwazve uye kunyorwa munguva pfupi yapfuura uye kwenguva refu zvinoregedzerwa mhuka nevanhu [39]. Bruijnzeel akaita kutarisa kunonakidza kuti kubvisa zvakanyanya aciate kunogona kukonzera kusagadzikana orgasms [40]. Zvakakosha, mune chinyorwa, Bruijnzeel akaronga kuti kubvisa chiratidzo chechiratidzo kubva kune zvinodhaka uye zvimwe kurwara kwakasimba kuchiratidzira kungave kuri kwekusarongeka kwebasa re kappa opioid receptor chiratidzo chinokanganisa kuburitswa kwe dopamine uku ichiwedzera norepinephrine mumatunhu mubairo weropa.

Mapepa ari mumabhuku akatambura nekushaikwa kwekuomarara zvine chekuita nekubviswa kwenguva refu uye kuramba uchisimbisa kunongedzerwa nekuongororwa kwewaini. Zvirongwa zvekurapa zvemakiriniki zvakawedzera kubva pakurapa varume nevakadzi vaviri kuti vasarure vanhukadzi, nekupa zvirongwa zvekurapa. Vanopawo dzidzo yekugadzirisa yekutanga uye kwenguva refu kuwedzera kwekuda zvepabonde uye chiitiko, uye hukama hwekudzosera kuchikafu nekudya zvakanyanya.

Hypersexuality-inosimudzira kubvisa zviratidzo zvakave zvataurwa nevamwe vaongorori vane kusiana madhigirii ekuoma kwegwara uye co-morbid chinodhaka [41-45]. Nekuda kwekutsvaga uku, hatina kuwana pepa rimwechete rinotsanangura chaizvo zviratidzo zvekubvisa zvine chekuita nekuzvidzivirira kubva pabonde. Mazhinji emapepa akataurwa aisanganisira mhedzisiro yekusiya kubva kune zvinodhaka zvekushungurudza, sopopidino, amphetamines, uye cocaine, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kuita zvepabonde.

Hypersexuality uye neurogenetics

Tsvagiridzo yePubMed (7-19-15) yakaratidza mapepa matanhatu chete akanyorwa achishandisa izwi rekuti "magen'a nehupombwe" kunyanya ichitarisa pazvinyorwa zvine chekuita neKleine-Levin syndrome (KLS), chirwere chisingawanzoitika chekuti hupombwe hwaigona kusvika makore makumi maviri nemanomwe. Mune kumwe kuongorora, zvakaonekwa kuti immune immune inoteerera HLA-DQBl, DQBl * 27 yakaonekwa muhuwandu hwakakura kune varwere vane KLS uye inogona kukwidziridza njodzi yeKLS [46-47].

Nekudaro, patakashandisa mazwi ekuti "kuita bonde nemajini," zvinyorwa zvinokwana 2,826 zvakanyorwa, uye tinopa pfupiso pfupi yezvinhu zvakakosha zveeurogenetic. Iyo fungidziro yedu yekuti ese mahedonic uye anhedonic maitiro mhedzisiro muchikamu chemumwe munhu chengozi yezvezviito izvi uye kurapwa kwacho kunoenderana nenzira yakanangana neaya anozivikanwa mapolymorphisms. Zvakare, kurapwa kurapwa kunoenderanawo nezviitiko izvi zvine njodzi uye kunopa kukosha kwakakosha kwefamacogenetic kuyedza uye pharmacogenomic / nutrigenomic mhinduro.

Kutevera iyo ine nharo yekutanga kuwana neBlum, et al. mu1990 yeuchapupu hwekutanga hwehukama pakati peDRD2 Al allele uye kudhakwa kwakanyanya, kwave paine zvinyorwa zve3,938 muPubMed (7-19-15) [48]. Izvo zvidzidzo zvinofukidza iyo psychiatric gene polymorphism, iyo DRD2 Al allele, uye hunhu hunobatana nemaitiro uye physiology. Iko kune, zvisinei, paucity yedata inobatanidza chiitiko chebonde kune ino uye humwe hukama hunobatana zvisinei neuchapupu hwakawandisa hweesolimbic activation, kunyanya mune dopaminergic nzira uye neuronal loci inoenderana nekukurudzira kwepabonde uye chiitiko. Izvo zvinokoshesa kuti Blum naNoble vakanyatsorongedza gene reDRD2 senge genge rakaenzana remubhadharo rinoitisa maitiro ese ekushomeka kunoshungurudzika (RDS) maitiro. Muchokwadi, kushandisa Bayesian theorem ongorora inotakura yeiyo Taq Al allele ichave, pamusoro pehupenyu hwavo, vane 74% mukana, wekuti ivo vanopa negwaro rimwe kana rimwe chete rekuperevedza kushomeka syndrome (RDS) maitiro [49].

Kubatana kwekutanga chero gene polymorphism uye kuita zvepabonde hakuna kuitika kusvika 1999 apo Miller, et al. akaongorora mamwe marudzi edopaminergic [50]. Chekutanga chekutsvaga ndechekuti dopaminergic system muuropi inoita sekutora chikamu chikuru mukutendiswa kwemaitiro ebonde. Hukama pakati pezvibereko zveDl, D2, uye D4 dopamine receptors uye zera panguva yekutanga kuita zvepabonde (AFSI) yakaongororwa muyenzaniso ye414 isiri-Hispanic, yeEuropean-American varume nevakadzi. Kushamwaridzana kwakakosha kwakacherechedzwa pakati peDRD2 allele uye AFSI uye kusonganira kusimba apo iyo DRD2 allele yakafambidzana neDRDl allele. Iyo yakamanikidzwa kudzora modhi yakavakirwa kufembera AFSI uchishandisa bonde neboka revapfumbamwe psychosocial akasiyana-siyana sevateedzeri. Kuwedzera iyo DRD2 uye iyo DRD2-na-DRD1 fungidziro kune iyi modhi yakawedzera mutsauko wakatsanangurwa ne23% uye 55%, zvichiteerana. Chokwadi ichi chakawanikwa chinoratidza kusangana kwakasimba pakati pevanhurume kupfuura vechikadzi kunowirirana nebasa razvino uno revamwe rinoratidza kusimudzira kwevakomana mune zvevakadzi kupfuura zvevakadzi. [51]. Saka pamwe "varume vanobva kuMars uye vakadzi vanobva kuVenus" uye izvi zvinogona kutove zvechokwadi pakushungurudzwa kwecocaine [52].

Kunyanya, zvese preclinical uye kliniki zvidzidzo zvakaratidza zvepabonde dimorphic maitiro mune maitiro ekupindura kune cocaine mune zvese zvikamu zvecocaine kupindwa muropa maitiro (kupinza, kugadzirisa, uye kudzokorora). Nekudaro, mufananidzo wakajeka uri kubuda uyo unoratidza kuti pane hwaro hwekusangana-hwakasiyana misiyano yebonde mukupindwa muropa nekofi. Iyi misiyano inokonzerwa kubva mukuparadzaniswa kweiyo CNS nemurume nemukadzi gonadal mahormone uye inogona kufungidzirwa nekuvapo kweDRD2 gene polymorphisms [53]. Uyezve, zvinozivikanwa kuti kubatana kwezvisikwa pakati peCTT uye dzakasiyana-siyana zvepfungwa phenotypes zvinowanzoratidza kusiyana pakati pevarume nevakadzi. Izvi zvinosanganisira inoshanda yeVal (158) Met polymorphism mu COMT ichibatanidzwa neessessive-inodzvinyirira kusagadzikana mune varume uye kunetseka phenotypes muvakadzi. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo Val (158) Met polymorphism mu COMT ine huwandu hwakanyanya pabasa rekunzwisisa muvakomana kupfuura vasikana [54].

Miller, et al. hauna kuwana kusangana kwepolymorphisms yakabatana neiyo DRD4 gene uye zera rekutanga zvepabonde. [50]. Nekudaro, vamwe vakawana kusangana kwakakosha mune mamwe madzinza. Kunyanya, ongororo yavo yemapolymorphisms muDRD4 inoratidza kuti avo vane chero - 3R genotype vakasangana nenjodzi yekutanga kusangana pabonde kupfuura avo vane mamwe (kana chero - 4R) genotype mune ese-marudzi (n = 2,552). Sezvineiwo, njodzi yekuita bonde yekutanga haina kusiyana pakati pemageneti maviri muamuenzaniso wemuAfrica -America, zvichimutsa mubvunzo wekurerwa mutsika. [55].

Iyo yekuita zvepabonde, sekudzokorora kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka, inogadzira shanduko kwenguva refu, inosanganisira sensitization muiyo nucleus accumbens (NAc) uye dorsal striatum. Bradley, et al. kushandisa microarray kuongororwa hamsters yakawanikwa kekutanga iyo iyo chiitiko chebonde mune kana chechirume kana chikadzi misiyano kumusoro kana pasi chinotonga mRNA kutaura kwenyonganiso yeiyo genite muNAc. [56]. Ivo vakawana kuti mukuenzanisa nemhuka dzepabonde, vane ruzivo nezvekuita zvepabonde vanogamuchira vanomutswa vanhurume paVhiki 7 vakaratidza kuwedzera kwenhamba huru yemarudzi. Sezvineiwo, vakadzi vane bonde vane ruzivo hamsters vasingagamuchire munhurume wekusimudzira paVhiki 7 yakaratidza kudzora kwekutaura kwemarudzi mazhinji. Sekureva kwevanyori, iyi yekutanga gene inonyora mune vakadzi hamsters inogona kupa nzwisiso mune izvo maitiro ayo ese maitiro (zvepabonde) uye zvinodhaka zvekushusha zvinosimudzira shanduko refu-refu mune mesolimbic uye nigrostriatal dopamine nzira.

Bipolar electrodes, inoiswa mukati meviri munharaunda inotevera ye hypothalamus uye nzvimbo yakakura nigraventral tegmental nzvimbo, stereotaxically yakashandiswa kupa zvisingaperi inomutsa iwe inomutsa mubairo zviitiko zvakafanana nehupombwe. Rudzi urwu rwekukurudzira rwakawanikwa kuti ruchidzire kuwedzera kwakanyanya muhuwandu hweCAPXUMUMX mudunhu rehippampus uye neyemoleky cm yeiyo mota cortex mumakonzo. Mukukosha, kusimudzira kwehuropi kusingaperi kwakakonzera kureba kwenguva refu potentiation (LTP), inozivikanwa kuti inowedzera itsva synaptic kubatana [57]. Kutaurwa kamwechete kweecocaine mune mhuka dzisingazivi kwakaringana kukonzeresa shanduko inosimudzira munzvimbo yecyral tegmental area (VTA) glutamatergic synapses yakafanana nebasa-inotsamira pakati pePPP mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzehuropi. Iyi cocaine-induction LTP inoita seinopindirwa kuburikidza nedopamine D5 receptor activation yeN-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors uye inoda protein synthesis. [58], yakambotsigirawo yedu yekufungidzirwa yakatsanangurwa pano kuti zvinodhaka uye zvepabonde zvingave neyakajairika neurochemical substrates.

Tsvakiridzo yeEmpirical yakaratidza hukama hwakanaka pakati pehuwandu hwevasikana vanoita zvepabonde uye kubatikana mune zvisingaiti maitiro [59]. Kwayedza zhinji yekutsanangura kushamwaridzana uku kwatora shanduko yemafungiro. Kubva pamaonero ekushanduka-shanduka, hunhu humwe, semuenzaniso, kushushikana, kuona zvisingaiti, uye hutsinye, zvinoenderana nenhamba huru yevanoita zvepabonde zvakare zvine chekuita nekupara mhosva. Nekudaro, pane zvakare chikonzero chekutenda kuti mutsauko wekudyidzana pakati pevasikana vekuita zvepabonde nemafambiro ematsotsi anogona kutsanangurwa muchidimbu nenzira yakajairika yeiyo genetic nzira, apo majini ane hukama nehukama hwehukama hwehukama ane hukama zvakare nemafambiro asiri kuita. Uchishandisa iyo yepamusoro-inotsanangurwa rationale, Beaver et al. yakawana kusimbisa kwakasimba kwakasangana pakati pevanoita zvepabonde uye vanokanganisa maitiro uye ma polymorphisms eiyo dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) inotsanangura mutsauko mune huwandu hwese hwevakadzi vanoita zvepabonde uye maitiro ematsotsi evarume. [59]. Iyo polymorphic mhedzisiro yeDZ l gene uye huwandu hwevanobatana navo hunogona kunge huri musangano unowanikwa pakati pevamwe polymorphisms uye wechirume wepamberi penile ejaculation. Vatakuri veiyo 1OR / 1OR genotype yakanga ine zviyero zvakaderera chikumbaridzo chekuenzanisira pane chimwe nechimwe chezviratidzo zvichienzaniswa neiyo 9R9R / 9R10R (9R yepamusoro basa rakaderera dopamine kuwanikwa) boka rinotakura. [60]. Polymorphisms of the DATl gene, kunyanya iyo 10R / 10R genotype, yakawanikwa mune vanyengeri vechidiki vanopinda chikoro cheBrown School (San Marcos, Texas) kune maitiro ehupombwe anotyisa, kusanganisira hunhu hwekupokana nemagariro. [61]. Kurongeka kwakanaka kwezvese zviri zviviri DRD2 uye iyo yePDl polymorphisms yakaonekwa nemhirizhonga yepfungwa muvachiri kuyaruka vakapofomara muedzo wechipatara. Zvakare, kunyangwe pakutanga kufungidzirwa sekukonzerwa nekutevedzera kwevezera kutanga-kwevacheche kana hupenyu hwepamoyo-huchiramba, pane humbowo huri kuwedzera kubva kumapatya zvidzidzo zvekuti kutanga-kuyaruka kana hunhu husingafambiki hwekuzvibata hunogonawo kuvezwa. Burt naMikolajewski havana kungosimbisa izvi zvakawanikwa neDNAl gene asi vakatambanudzira izvi zvakawanikwa kuti zvisanganise His452Tyr mutsauko weiyo gene inonyora 5-HT2A receptor futi [62], Munguva pfupi yapfuura, Jozkow et al. yakataura kushamwaridzana pakati pehupombwe hwevakwegura 'zviratidzo (AMS) uye maitiro akasiyana-siyana e5-HTRlB G861C [63]. Uyezve, Kutengesa, et al. inowanikwa kuburikidza neyemubtivariable logistic regression kuongorora, kuwirirana pakati pekunetswa uye iyo 5-HTTLPR boka maive paine kusangana kwakakosha neusina kuchinja shanduko, pamwe nekukurukurirana kwemunhu frequency zvikoro mukutevera [64] Kuva nenhoroondo yekushungurudzwa kwakabatana zvakanyanya nekumwe kusanzwisisika kwekushandiswa kwecondom kushandisa post-kupindira kune avo chete vane allele.

Izvo zvinozivikanwa kuti ma polymorphisms ari munzvimbo dzisinga coding yevasopressin la receptor gene (Avpr la) yakabatana nehukama-hwepfungwa hunhu muvanhu, chimpanzee, uye voles, uye zvinogona nekuda kweiyo saiti-yakatarisana nekusiyana kwekutaura kwechigadzirwa. Sekureva kwaBarrett, et al., Yemagariro monogamous prairie vole inopa mukana wakasarudzika wekudzidza neurobiology yemonogamy [65]. Muchokwadi, vasopressin la receptor (VlaR) kusaina kuri madikanwa kuti kuumbwe kwema bond bond muhurume. Sezvineiwo, nzanga yevamwari inoratidzira yakakura VlaR inosunga mubairo kugadzirisa ventral pallidum pane kuita asocial voles yeiyo genus. Barrett, et al. yakawana kuti kudzora-kwekutadza kwepallidal VlaR kushushikana kwakakonzeresa kukanganisika kwakakosha mukufarira kune mukadzi akaroora mukadzi uye kuderedzwa kwekunetseka-senge maitiro mukukura. [65]. Rimwe basa naGarcia, et al. zvakaburitsa pachena kuti vanhu vane kana imwechete-inodzokororwa allele (7R +) yeDRD7 vanotaura huwandu hwakakura hwehunhu hwepabonde, kusanganisira kuve ne "husiku humwechete," uye vanotaura kuwedzera kudarika makumi mashanu muzana muzana kusavimbika pabonde [66].

Zvikurukuru, Daw naGeo vakashuma kuti vanhu vakatakura genotypes DRD2 * Al / A2, DRD2 * A2 / A2, DATl * 9R / 10R, uye MAOA * 2R / vanobatana nemhando yepamusoro yekusangana pabonde zvisina kudzivirirwa pane mamwe ma genotypes aya. [67]. Masangano eDRD2 anoshanda kune vese varume nevakadzi, nepo mamwe maratidziro anoshanda kune vakadzi chete. Pakupedzisira, Emanuele, et al. yakazivisa kusangana kwakakosha pakati peDRD2 TaqI A genotypes uye "Eros · (chimiro cherudo chinoratidzirwa nekombamiro yekukudziridza zvakadzama zviitiko zvepfungwa zvinoenderana nekukwezva kwenyama kune mumwe wako), pamwe nepakati peC516T 5HT2A polymorphism uye" mania "( chinhu chinobata uye chinodanana chekudanana, chinozivikanwa nekuzvikunda wega manzwiro) [68].

Epigenetics uye zvepabonde zviitiko

Kuongororwa kwemabhuku kunoratidza kuti zvinoverengeka zvinyorwa zvazvino zvinonongedzera kukosha kwe epigenetic mhedzisiro pachiitiko chebonde. Semuenzaniso, Matsuda akaongorora epigenetic shanduko yeestrogen receptor a (ERalpha) uye pesvedzero kune hunhu hwehukama. [69]. Muchokwadi, kuchinjika kweEER alpha geni chiitiko chakapindirana neepigenetic michina, senge histone kugadzirisa uye DNA methylation, inoshandura maitiro emunhu pabonde. Panyaya yeungochani, Rice, et al. yakagadzira modhi inogona kutsanangura iyo canalization (kutendeuka) ungochani kukura pabonde [70]. Ivo vanotsanangura kuti iyi modhi yakavakirwa epigenetic mamakisi akaiswa pasi mukupindura kune XX vs. XY karyotype mune embryonic stem cell. Nekudaro, aya mavara anowedzera kunzwa kwe testosterone mu XY fetus uye ndokuidzikisa mu XX fetus, nekudaro inokwanisisa kukura kwepabonde. Izvo zvakaiswa kuti subset yeiyo inoshandura epigenetic mamakisi akawanda inogona kutakura kupfuura trans-genetically, uye inogona kutungamira kune mosaicism yekuvandudza kwepabonde muvakomana-vepwere-yehureti phenotype.

Mune yemagariro monogamous prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster), mating induces inotsungirira maviri ma bond mairi ayo anotangwa nekushamwaridzana kwemukati yekuda uye kuongororwa neakasiyana-siyana eanorotransmitters, kusanganisira oxytocin, vasopressin, uye dopamine. Shanda naGundersen [71], naWang, et al. [72] inopa zano rekuti histone deacetylase inogona kuitisa kudyidzana kwevakadzi mumahara emahara emukadzi anogona kuve anokodzera vanhu. Kunyanya, Wang, et al. yakawana kuti histonedeacetylase-inhibitors-sodium butyrate uye trichostatin A (TSA) yakavandudza kufambidzana kwekufambidzana mukuvakwa kwevakadzi prairie voles [72]. Iyi yekudiwa yekufambidzana nayo yakabatanidzwa pamwe nekukwira kweiyo oxytocin receptor (OTR, oxtr) uye vasopressin V la receptor (VlaR, avprla) muNAc, kuburikidza nekuwedzera kwe histone acetylation kune avo vanosimudzira.

Pane humbowo hunokura hunoratidza kuti vakadzi vanoshingairira kuita polyandry kuti vadzivise kusawirirana kana kuberekwa kwevanhukadzi vachimiririra vanhurume vepamusoro. Iko kune mukana wekuti kusarudzwa kwehurume hwepamusoro hwechirume kunogona kunge kwakakonzerwa nepigenetic maitiro. Zvinoenderana naZeh naZeh, zvakasiyana neDhivhidiki yakateedzera-kusiyana-siyana, epigenetic mutsauko inogona kushandisirwa zvakanyanya nekune zvakatipoteredza uye stochastic mhedzisiro inoitika panguva yehupenyu hwomunhu [73]. Vanokurudzira kuti epigenetic mutsauko inogona kuve yakakosha kune yakasarudzika yepamusi yekusangana pabonde uye inogona kuverengera kune zvinowanikwa zvinobatanidza kugona kwemurume kukwikwidza mukusimba kwevana.

Genetic uye meme kushanduka: Kuzvara kwevanhu

Eysenck akaronga kuwirirana kwakanaka pakati pekuwedzera uye kuwedzera hunhu hwepabonde uye pakati peiyo neuroticism nezvinetso muhunhu hwepabonde (hunhu-hunhu). Chidzidzo chekutanga nevanhu vakaroora hachina kuratidza chero cheiyi hukama. Zvaifungidzirwa kuti kubatana uku kunowanikwa chete kune vanhu vasina kuroora kana kuroorwa vasina kuita hukama hunogara kwenguva refu nekuti mhando yehukama ndiyo inosarudza kusangana pabonde. Mukati meyenzaniso yevarume vechidiki vasina kuroora, paive nekuwirirana kwakanaka pakati pekuwedzera uye zvinhu izvo munhu akatsanangura zvekutanga zvekuita bonde nevanhu vazhinji uye nepamusoro frequency. Hapana kuwirirana kwakawanikwa neuroticism. Pakanga paine zvakare kuwirirana kushoma nehumwe hunhu uye magariro maitiro masikero. Nekuda kwekuyanana pamwe neyakaenzana-hunhu hunhu, zvakawanikwa zvakadudzirwa kubva kumagariro-epfungwa maonero. Munharaunda yanhasi, mukomana mudiki anotarisirwa kutora danho rekuita bonde kuti mukomana akakwenenzverwa anogona kuona zvirinani pane uya anopinza [74]. Maonero aya ari muchibvumirano chakanangana nepfungwa yaRichard Brodie pamusoro pemagene enjere epfungwa [75]. Kubva pamaonero eDNA, hongu, nyanzvi dzevanhu dzinobvumirana kuti "tichiri pano nechikonzero chimwe chete; kuti uende, uwande. ” Nepo kufambira mberi kwekushanduka-shanduka kuchinonoka, nhanho imwe chete mukati memakore makumi maviri kana kupfuura, zvichienzaniswa ne "meme shanduko, zano rinoshanduka munguva inotora kuverenga chirevo." Uropi hwedu hauna chekuita nemajini kushanduka kunze kwekunge iine hukama nevanhu vakangwara vane vana vashoma. Asi izvo, kana paine majini anopa vanhu tsika yekutora memes inotapudza huwandu hwevana, vanozofa muzvizvarwa zvishoma vachida majini anopa vanhu tsika yekuwana vana. Kunyangwe hazvo paine kupokana, zvinosuruvarisa, ongororo dzinoverengeka dzinoratidza kuti Homo sapiens pamusoro pemakore makumi mana nemaviri apfuura vakadzikamisa maQ avo nekuda kwekusarudza kusangana. [76].

Nekuwedzera, zvinoitika kuti sezvo kuwedzeredza kuchisanganiswa nekuita zvepabonde kunyanya muvanhurume, huwandu hwenyaya yekufungidzira hunofungidzira hunhu hwehukasha hwakawedzerwa kuve hwakapoterera 40-60%. Smillie nevasonganiri vakadzidza uye vakawana kuti imwe kopi yeDRD2 gene Al allele yakabatana nekunyanyisa kwakanyanya kushandura [77]. Sangano iri rinomutsa mubvunzo unonakidza maererano nekuberekana kwevanhu. Kuuya kwakaratidza kuti nekuda kweakakonzeresa maitiro pakubereka, kusagadzikana pakudzidza uye zvimwe zvinokanganisa, zvekumanikidza, zvechisimba, uye zvekupindwa muropa nezvinotakurwa nevatakuri veDRD2 Al vane mukana wekukonzera shanduko inofambira mberi nekusingaperi mukuwanda kweDRD2Al kutsakatika kwezvibereko zvemarudzi acho ” [78].

Mubhuku rake, Comings inopa humbowo hwekuti vanhu vane hunhu-hwekuvhiringidza hunhu vane vana kare, uye izvi zvinokanganisa kusarudzwa kwekupindwa muropa kwenge kwakafanana neDRD2 Al allele [79]. Anopa pfungwa yekuti vanhu vakatakura njodzi iyi yekukanganisa vanozove nevana ngatitii pamakore makumi maviri ekuberekwa uye vanhu vasina izvi vanokwanisa kuva nevana pamakore makumi maviri nemashanu. Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyo inoshanduka jeni inozvara nekukurumidza, ndokuti, pese pese makore makumi maviri nepo chimiro chakajairika cheiyo geni chinoita kubereka makore ese makumi maviri neshanu. Chiyero che20 / 25 chiri 20. Nekudaro, chiyero icho geni rine 25-kanosarudza mukana unowedzera muhuwandu kubva kuchizvarwa kuenda kuchizvarwa. Musiyano wemakore mashanu muzera ramamai kana vanababa pavanenge vaine vana vavo vekutanga zvakakwana kukonzera kusakosha uye nekukurumidza kusarudzika kwemajini anotakurwa neboka rinotanga kubereka pazera rapfuura. Kuwedzera mune mamwe maitiro e RDS akanyorwa kubva muna 25 kusvika parizvino. Uku kuwedzera kunosanganisira kuyaruka maitiro ehurwere (zvinodhaka, bonde, nhumbu dzevechidiki, uye hunhu husina kunaka, kuputa), kusagadzikana kwehunhu, utsotsi, kushandisa zvinodhaka, kudhakwa, hunhu husina kudzivirirwa pabonde, vanaamai vasina kuchata, hutano, kudzingwa kwechikoro, uye kusiira chikoro panzira, pamwe ne kuderera kunowirirana muIQ [80]. Mhedzisiro iyi inotangira paBerkeley Study ichishandisa danho refu kubva muhutano hweMwana uye Dzekuvandudza Zvidzidzo uye reNational Longitudinal Surveys yeYechidiki kana kuti NLYS [81]. Ichishandisa ruzivo urwu, Comings akafanotaura kuti kubva ku1955 kuenda ku2015 pachave nekuwanzika kaviri kweiyo, semuenzaniso, iyo DRD2 Al allele, nekudaro iri kuwedzera kuwanda kwemafambiro eASS, kusanganisira kuchenjera kwepabonde. [50]. Isu tinokurudzira kuti vatevedzere kwekufanotaura uku kunonakidza.

Kunyangwe pane kusawirirana, tiri kupa zano rekuti hypersexourse sectype yeRSS yekugovana maitiro nechero zvinhu zvisiri zvinodhaka zvinopinda muropa nekutaura kwayo kwechiitiko kuchikanganiswa nezvose zviri zviviri genetics uye epigenetics. Kunyangwe isina kubvunzwa panguva ino, isu tinokumbira zvakare pfupi-FDA-yakabvumirwa mishonga-yakarapwa kurapwa (MAT) inovhara basa rekuvhara dopamine ichiteverwa nekunyorova kwekugadziriswa kwe dopaminergic nzira inotungamira yekureba dopamine homeostasis. Iyo yekupedzisira inogona kuitwa nedzimwe modalities dzinogona kubatsira mukupora.

Albeit zvinogona kusarudzika, zvinosanganisira dopamine agonist therapy-nutraceuticals (KB220), iyo 12 Nhanho chirongwa uye tsika, kurapa kwakazara, cognitive maitiro ekurapa (CBT), uye trauma kusimudzira kurapa (TRT) pamwe neye dopamine-inowedzera mabasa uye zvekudya (Mufananidzo 1) [82].

Kupokana

Kunyange isu tichitenda zvakadzama kuti hypersexeness disorder inofanira kuverengerwa mune ramangwana edhisheni yeDMM, isu tiri kushushikana zvekuti zvishoma zvinozivikanwa nezve dambudziko iri maererano neurogenetics uye epigenetics uye kunyangwe kubvisa chiratidzo. [83]. Mharidzo yekutora-kumba ndeyekuti iko zvino tinokurudzira vanhu vesainzi kuti vaite zvekuyedza, kunyanya munhau yekushandurwa uye neurogenetics, kusanganisira epigenetics yakanangana nemadzinza, senge oxetocin-vasopressin-orexin-dopamine pamwe nemamwe marudzi emubayiro. Zvichida mamiriro aya anogona kubatsirwa kubva kurapwa iyo inotarisira mubayiro gene polymorphisms kubatsira mukusimudzira dopamine homeostasis [84-89]. Kuverengeka kwekuongororwa kwakaitwa naJoranby, et al. uye Edge uye Goridhe inotsigira yakajairika mikana yekurapa ine chekuita neakagovana neurochemical masisitimu muuropi mubayiro wedunhu sezvakatsanangurwa pakutanga kwepfungwa yeRAS [90-91].

Nhoroondo "kupindwa muropa kwepabonde" kwaive kwakabatanidzwa muDSM-III, zvisinei, zvakabviswa kubva kuDSM-1V nekuti chibvumirano chevanyori veDSM-1V vaitenda kuti pakanga pasina humbowo hwakakwana kuti hukodzere mhedziso yacho. Iyi sarudzo yaive yakazara nemanzwiro makuru nevatungamiriri mumunda. Kutevera chiitiko ichi, masayendisiti akati wandei anosanganisira Kafka, Reid, Prause, nevamwe vakasarudza kuumba "Hupombwe" kwete sekupindwa muropa nepabonde asi kusagadzikana kwepfungwa kwakazvimirira uye kwete sekupindwa muropa neese. Nepo basa ravo rekutanga mu2010 rakaratidza sezvakataurwa pano kuti "hupombwe" hwaive hwakafanana nekupindwa muropa nepabonde uye pamwe zvimwe zvinodhaka, kusanganisira kushandisa zvinodhaka, basa ravo razvino uno rinodzoka kubva mukukakavara uku. Basa razvino munzvimbo ino rinoratidza kuenderera mberi kwekukakavara. Kune akatiwandei eelectophysiological-yakavakirwa zvidzidzo, neboka raPrause iro rinopa humwe humbowo hwekuti chishuwo chebonde, kwete hupombwe, hunofanotaura kuzvidzora kwekumutsa zvepabonde. [92]. Vanoongorora vanoti mune rimwe basa kuti zvidzidzo zvinodzidzisa matambudziko ekugadzirisa maonero avo ekuona zvepabonde zvinosimudzira (VSS) avo vakataura chishuwo chepamusoro chekuratidzira chakaratidza kunonoka kwakanaka kuita (LPP) pakupindura VSS. Vanyori vanofunga kuti iyi nzira inoratidzika zvakasiyana kubva kune zvinodhaka zvinodhaka [93]. Nekudaro, kunyangwe zvisingabatanidze zvidzidzo zvine hypersexual kusagadzikana, basa neboka raVoon rakaratidza kuti muzvidzidzo zvekumanikidza-zvepabonde, kuvhurwa vhidhiyo inoratidza zvepabonde, chiitiko chikuru mu neural network yakafanana neinoonekwa mune zvinodhaka-cue-reacaction zvidzidzo. [94]. Chido chikuru kana kuda pane kuda pane chakawedzerwazve nebasa neizvi neural network. Iri basa dovetails nefungidziro yekukurudzira kukurudzira [95].

Isu, vanyori vechinyorwa chazvino, tinobvuma kuti isu hatina kuziva nezvese akakosha kudyidzana kwakaitika pakati pevatsigiri ve "Hypersexuality Disorder" uye kwavo kwakatendeseka chinangwa chekuti chirwere ichi chibatanidzwe mune yazvino DSM-5. Ipo ichitadza iyo inonzi "acid-bvunzo", pane zvikonzero zvese zvekutenda kuti ichazosanganisirwa mune ramangwana edhisheni yeDSM. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti Steven Hyman, director weNIH, akataura nenzira kwayo kuti "iyo DSM girazi rakashata rezvekiriniki uye neichoicho chokwadi; nzira nyowani nyowani yekugadzirisa hutachiona inodiwa sezvo vaongorori vachifumura nzira dzekufunda nekunzwisisa chirwere chepfungwa ” [96]. Uyezve, Casey, et al. yakaratidza kuti nepo DSM ichiona kusarongeka kwakasiyana senzvimbo dzakasiyana, "miganhu pakati pekusawirirana kazhinji haina kunyanyoomarara sekufunga kunoita DSM" [97].

Mu2014, Karila, et al. yakakurudzira kuti kupindwa muropa kwepabonde, kunozivikanwawo se hypersexual kusagadzikana, kwakafuratirwa nevamwe vanorwara nepfungwa, kunyangwe mamiriro ezvinhu ari kukonzera matambudziko akanyanya epfungwa. Sekureva kwevanyori ava, vanofunga kuti kupindwa muropa nebonde kana hypersexual disorder kunomirira mazwi akasiyana padambudziko rimwe chete. Ivo vanonongedza kuti huwandu hwehuwandu hwekunetseka kwehupombwe-hukama nekushushikana kubva ku3% kusvika ku6%. Nekudaro, kugadzirwa kweBonde Kupindwa muropa / Hypersexual Disorder kunoratidza maitiro anetsa kusanganisira: kuita bonhora zvakanyanya, cybersex, kushandisa zvinonyadzisira, kuitisa hupombwe nevanhu vakuru vanobvumirana, kurara nefoni, kushanyirwa kirabhu, uye humwe hunhu hunopinda muropa. [98]. Zvirokwazvo tinobvuma kuti panogona kuve nemusiyano wakasarudzika pakati pekupindwa muropa nebonde uye hunhu sezvakataurwa naCarvalho, et al. [99], Rettenberger, et al. [100], Kor, et al. [1], Reid, et al. [9], Kafka naHennen [13], uye Prause, et al. [93-94] pakati pevamwe.

Muchidimbu, takurudzira kuti, kunyangwe paine mimwe misiyano pakati pekunetsekana nekupindwa muropa nebonde, kutsvagisa kwakawanda kunodiwa kuisa mumamiriro aya mamiriro akakosha. Isu tinobvumirana nebasa raWalters, et al. [101] yakakurudzira kuti mutsauko wega wega mune hypersexuality ndeyekuwedzera pane kukwana mune zvakasikwa. Ivo vanotaurawo kuti hypersexourse yakarongedzwa pamwe nekuenderera kunowira kumucheto kwekupedzisira kweiyo inopfuurira (Mufananidzo 1).

 

Mufananidzo 1: Mepu inotsanangudza yeHypersexuality Disorder senge subtype yeRSS

Iyo nhamba inoratidza inofambidzana neurogenetic uye epigenetic mhedzisiro. Ose mapfupi-kwenguva dopamine anovharira uye kwenguva refu "dopaminergic-homeostasis" -akavakirwa marapirwo uye dopamine inosimudzira marapirwo uye zviitiko zvezuva nezuva zvakanyorwa. Madenderedzwa anoratidza maitiro eRSS uye mabhokisi anoratidza maitiro eRSS.

 

mhedziso

Tichiri kuziva kupokana, isu tinokurudzira kuti misiyano inogona kuitika uye fanano pakati pehupombwe nehutano hwepabonde zvinofanirwa kuongororwa zvakaringana uchishandisa neuroimaging (fMRI, PET, SPECT), optogenetics, mukwikwidzi uye kuongorora kwemicroarray, uye epigenetic hunyanzvi. Isu tinotenda kuti kuferefeta uku kunopa hwaro hwekubatanidzwa kwehupombwe sechirwere mune ramangwana edhisheni yeDSM.

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