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Adicción a la pornografía: interncia atencional y gravedad del Consumo
August 2019
DOI: 10.17060 / ijodaep.2019.n1.v4.1550
LicenseCC YA-NC-ND 4.0
V. Cervigón Carrasco, Jesús Castro-Calvo, Beatriz Gil, JuliáBeatriz, Gil Juliá, Rafael Ballester-Arnal, Rafael Ballester-Arnal
KUTANGA
Zvinonyadzisira kupindwa muropa: kucherechedza kukanganisika uye kuomarara kwemuitiro.
Nhanganyaya: Iko kushandiswa kwakawandisa kweRuzivo neCommunication Tecnologies (ICT) neinternet munharaunda yedu kwakawedzera mafomu manyowani ekupindwa muropa. Nekuda kwekunetseka kwehutano paruzhinji, chimwe chakanyanya kukosha kupindwa muropa necybersex, uye kunyanya kudhaka nekunetsa kushandisa zvinonyadzisira. Nhamba huru yezvidzidzo yakaratidza kuti mune vamwe vanhu, kuona zvinonyadzisira kunogona kunyanyisa uye kusingadzoreki, zvichigadzira matambudziko akati wandei munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzehupenyu. Neichi chikonzero, zvakakosha kuti uongorore izvo zviri pasi pezvinhu uye vanochengetedza mudambudziko iri. Izvo zvinotumirwa kuti chimwe chezvinhu izvi chingave chinonyadzisira zvemukati kukwanisa kukwezva uye paridza hanya zviwanikwa (cue reacction). Chinangwa chechidzidzo ichi ndechokuongorora hukama pakati pekuvhiringidzwa kwekutarisirwa kunoitwa nekuona zvinonyadzisira zvemukati nekuona kuoma kwemuitiro uyu.
Maitiro: Kuongorora izvi zvekutarisira, takagadzira nekushandisa basa rekuyedza kuboka revatori vechikamu vane zera risingasviki pakati pemakore gumi nemasere kusvika makumi matatu nemashanu. Basa rekuyedza raive rakavakirwa paStroop task paradigm: vatori vechikamu vakapindurawo mhinduro kune ino yekutarisira pavakaratidzwa mamwe marudzi mana ezvinyorwa (vhidhiyo inonyadzisira, sitcom, mutambo wevhidhiyo uye yakaderera inopindirana yezvinyorwa -murume kuverenga pepanhau-). Vatori vechikamu vakagamuchira mamiriro ekufuratira mavhidhiyo uye anotarisa pakupindura nekukurumidza uye nenzira chaiyo basa reStroop.
Mhedzisiro: Chikamu chekutarisirwa chakagadziriswa ne zvinonyadzisira zvichienzaniswa nezvimwe zvirimo zvakaongororwa kuburikidza nekuenzanisa pakati peyakaitika maitiro nguva nemhinduro dzechokwadi uye zvikanganiso zveyedzo imwe neimwe. Iyi mibairo, patakaratidza mutsauko wakakura pakati pemamiriro ekuyedza, ichafumurwa zvakadzama panguva yekuratidzwa kwechidzidzo.
Mhedziso: Ichi chidzidzo chinotsigira, kune rumwe rutivi, kugona kukuru kwezvakasiyana zvemidhiya zvinyorwa (pakati pavo, zvinonyadzisira), kukwezva uye kupedza zviwanikwa zvekutarisira; kune rumwe rutivi, zvakare inoratidzira hukama hwakasimba nekukwanisa kupindira kwekutarisa kune kwavo kugona kwekupinda. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kusanganisa nzira nyowani dzekiriniki dzinogadzirisa mamiriro aya pamazinga akasiyana: kudzivirira, kuongorora, uye kurapwa.
Mazwi akakosha: kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira; kutarira kusarura; Vechidiki
POSTER
Kunyanya uye pachena, hunhu hwekupindwa muropa huri kutora kubva kune ine chepfu maererano nehukama-hutsanana hunokosha.
✓ Iyo DSM-5 uye iyo yazvino yekudzokorora yeWorld International Kugadziriswa Kwezvirwere (ICD-11) inoona mutambo wevhidhiyo kupindwa semufananidzo uzere nekiriniki.
✓ Maitiro ekumanikidza ekuita zvepabonde ave achizivikanwawo semufananidzo wekiriniki neICD-11 (kukanganisa simba rekumanikidza).
✓ Kuzivikanwa kwemapuratifomu akadai seNetflix uye nehuwandu hwenguva iyo vanhu vanopedzera kwazvinoita zvakatungamira kumubvunzo wekuti kutarisa TV nhaurwa kunogona kupindwa muropa.
◊ Vanhu vane hunhu hunodakadza vanoratidza kugona kukuru kwekuziva (semuenzaniso, kupindira kwekutarisa) kuchinhu chekupindwa muropa kwavo, kunozivikanwa se "cue reactivity".
Naizvozvo, kupindira kwekutarisira kubva pakuvhenekerwa kune zvingangove zvinopinda muropa zvinofanirwa kufanotaura huwandu hwekunetseka kwetsika idzi
Ongorora kana danho rekupfungwa kwekukanganiswa rinokonzerwa nekuwonekera kweanogona kupinda muropa fungidziro inogadzirisa nezviratidzo zvekusanyanyisa uye zvinetso kunwa.
Kuedza basa rekuziva kupindira (komputa-yakabatsira):
✓ 1st Kupedzisa kweStroop basa pasina kufanana kwekukurudzira (kutonga mamiriro).
✓ Yechipiri Kupedzisa kweStroop basa panguva yekuratidzira inogona kuve inopinda muropa.
✓ Attentional kupindira = in average reaction times (TR) zvine chekuita nemamiriro ekudzora.
Zviratidziro zvekunyanyisa uye zvinetso doro (kuzvishuma):
✓ Kuwanzoitika kwekushandiswa kwe: (1) zvinonyadzisira; (2) Nhepfenyuro yeTV; uye (3) mitambo yemavhidhiyo.
✓ Kuomarara kwekushandiswa kwezvinonyadzisira: Internet Bonde Kuongorora Screen (SST).
✓ Kuomarara kwechinwiwa chechinwiwa cheTV chinyorwa: Binge-Kutarisa Engagement uye Zviratidzo (BWESQ).
✓ Rakaomarara rwemavhidhiyo mutambo wekushandisa: Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGDT-10).
Sezvo yaive hypothesized, vatori vechikamu neakanyanya (kwete kazhinji) kushandisa zvinonyadzisira kwakaratidza kukanganiswa kukuru
kuziva kana uchipedza basa Stroop apa uchiona zvinonyadzisira.
◊ Vanonyanya kushandisa vashandisi vevhidhiyo mitambo (kwete vanonyanya kunetsa vashandisi) vakaratidzawo yakakwira nhanho yekukanganisa panguva
Stroop basa apo yakapera panguva yekuratidzwa kwemavhidhiyo mitambo.
Haisi iyo kuwanda kana kuomarara kwekushandiswa kweTV nhepfenyuro inoenderana nehuremu hwekuvhiringidzika panguva yekutarisa.
◊ Izvo zvinosimbiswa chikamu chekuti kuvezwa kune hunhu hwehupombwe hunokanganisa kugadzirisa kwekuziva
KUKURUKURA
Pese padzidzo iyi takaedza kutsvaga kugona kweiyi kiyi dzepabonde, mune iyi chimiro chemavhidhiyo ekuona zvinonyadzisira, kupindira uye kukanganisa kutarisisa nekugadziriswa kwemamwe makiyi ekukurudzira: ndiko kuti, mhedzisiro iyo yekuona zvinonyadzisira inogona kuburitsa mune dzakasiyana uye akasiyana mashandiro ekuziva uye epamusoro mabasa, aine chinangwa chekutsanangura kushingirira uye kutadza kukanganisa mashandisirwo uye hunhu izvo zviri kukonzera rondedzero yemakakatanwa nezvinetso muhupenyu hwepabonde hwepabonde paInternet. Zvikurukuru, yakaedza kudhirowa uye kudhirowa hukama pakati peiyo sumo yeiyi, iyo paradigm yakagoneswa uye yakadzokororwa yakashandiswa sezvo iri iro rekutarisa basa Stroop. Kuti vaite izvi, vatori vechikamu makumi mashanu nevasere vari pakati pemakore gumi nemasere nemakumi matatu nemashanu vakanyoreswa uye vakaita basa rekuyedza kuongorora maitiro aya. Kusarudzwa kwezera iri hakusi kungoitika zvega, asi ongororo dzinoverengeka dzinoratidza kuti huwandu hweVadiki hwakabatana zvakanyanya kune ese marudzi eOSs (Egan & Parmar, 58; Meerkerk, Van Den Eijnden & Garretsen, 18), kuitira kuti uongorore chikamu chevanhu ichi. Iyo inogona kuve yakasvibira kuitira kuwedzera uye kuwedzera mhedzisiro.Idhata yakawanikwa mune ino ongororo inotsigira yekutanga hypothesis zvishoma. Kune rimwe divi, zvakave zvichisimbiswa kuti nguva dzekupindura dzakanyanya kureba panguva yebasa Stroop panguva imwe chete nekuratidzwa kwezvinonyadzisira, zvinoreva kuti zvinonyadzisira zvinoburitsa pachena kupindirana kwekuziva. Mhedzisiro iyi inoenderana nezvakawanikwa naMacapagal et. ku. (35) muchidzidzo chake, umo mairi kushandisa paradigm Go / NoGo yatove neyakajeka pesvedzero yekuita bonde mune kwakanyanya kugadzirisa uye nhanho dzepasi dzekucherechedza dzakapihwa zvimwe zvinokonzeresa zvakare zvakakosha asi zvingangodaro Kwete seinobuda senge bonde. Iyi data inogona kutsanangurwa nekureva iko kukuru kwekumisikidza kana kumutsa izvo zvinogadzira makiyi ezvepabonde ane hukama nehunhu hwavo hwepamoyo uye simba (Wéry & Billieux, 2013; Laier, Pawlikowski, Pekal, Schulte & Brand, 2006). Nekudaro, hazvina kuwanikwa kuti zvinyadzo zvinokanganisa huwandu hwebudiriro, kukundikana kana kusiiwa, chero zvandaive ndafungidzira pakutanga uye zvaisakwanisika kusimbiswa, nekuti misiyano yakawanikwa yakanga isiri Iyo yakakosha.
Kunyangwe isina kunyatso kuongororwa, muchiedza chedatha yakawonekwa zvinoita sekuti Iko kugona kubata zviwanikwa zvekunaka hakungopiwi mukuwongorora zvinonyadzisira, asi zvakare kunopa, kusvika pakaderera uye nenzira ine mwero, zvimwe zvirimo zvakapfuma uye inofambidzana yezvidzidzo, dzakadai senge terevhizheni, zvimwe senzira yekukurudzira, varaidzo uye kudzikisira kwemanzwiro nepfungwa dzepfungwa. Kutevera nzvimbo iyi kwaizokodzera kutarisira zvimwe kubva kuma videogames, asi mune chidzidzo ichi hapana mukana wakakura wakawanikwa wekutariswazve navo. Imwe tsananguro ingabvira ndeyekuti mitambo yemavhidhiyo ivo pachavo havana kana waya yekuronga inobvumira muoni kuti apinde mavari nekuona kwavo nyore, saka vaisazopindirana zvakanyanya nezvezvidzidzo zvacho. Ndokunge, kana panzvimbo yevhidhiyo nezvemitambo yemavhidhiyo, vatori vechikamu vangadai vakave nemukana wekutamba (ndiko kuti, kuzvizivisa kune yakakwana kunyudzwa yemitambo yemavhidhiyo), kazhinji mukana mhedzisiro Ivo vangadai vakasiyana kwazvo .. Simba re Chidzidzo ichi ndechekuti vatori vechikamu vakasanganisira vese varumekadzi, izvo zvingave zvitsva, nekuti tsika dzechivanhu mukumanikidzira uye Kupindwa muropa nechinangwa kwakanangwa neboka rechirume (fananidzo) yekuratidzira huwandu hwekare hweizvi, zvichisiya mukadzi pamwechete. Naizvozvo, mutsara unobvira wekufunda mune ramangwana unokwanisa kuve wekudzokorora kweichi chidzidzo chimwe chete uchisarirawo mutsauko nezvipabonde pamhedzisiro yezvinhu zvinonyadzisira pamabasa ekuziva. Kuti uite izvi, uye kuti uwane kuwedzera kwakasimba uye uremu mune izvo zvakawanikwa, zvingave zvakanaka kuwedzera sampli iripo muvese vari vaviri murume kana murume
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