Kudzokorora basa rekusagadzikana uye kusagadzikana mumatambudziko ekuita zvepabonde (2018)

https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2018.1480744

ngovepo

Impulsivity uye kumanikidzwa zvinhu transdiagnostic zvinhu zvakabatana nekiriniki yakakosha zvikamu zvechirwere chepfungwa, kusanganisira kupindwa muropa. Nekudaro, tsvagurudzo shoma yakanzvera kuti kusanzwisisika pamwe nekumanikidzwa zvinoenderana papi nehupombwe uye zvinetso kushandisa zvinonyadzisira. Nekudaro, zvinangwa zvechidzidzo chiripo kwaive kuongorora (a) kuzviburitsa nekuzvimisikidza zvine chekuita nezve hypersexuality uye zvinetso kushandisa zvinonyadzisira uye (b) zvakafanana uye musiyano uripo pakati peanopusa uye zvinetso zvinoshandiswa mukuona zvinonyadzisira munzvimbo idzi. Kushandisa masystem equation modelling (SEM) mune yakakura nharaunda sampula (N = 13,778 4,151 vatori vechikamu; mukadzi = 30.1, 28%), mhedzisiro yakaratidza kuti kusagadzikana (β = .26, β = .23) uye kumanikidza (β = .14, β = .41) zvaive zvisina hukama zvine chekuita nezvinetso zvekushandisa zvinonyadzisira pakati pevarume nevakadzi, zvichiteerana. Kushushikana kwaive nehukama hwakasimba (β = .42, β = .21) nehupombwe kupfuura hwekumanikidza (β = .16, β = .XNUMX) pakati pevarume nevakadzi, zvichiteerana. Nekudaro, kushushikana uye kumanikidza zvinogona kusapa zvakanyanya sekushungurudza zvinonyadzisa zvinoshandiswa sezvakataurwa nevamwe vadzidzisi. Kune rimwe divi, kushushikana kunogona kuve nebasa rakakurumbira muhupombwe kupfuura mune dambudziko rekushandisa zvinonyadzisira. Ongororo yemberi inofanirwa kuongorora zvimwe zvehukama nehunhu zvine chekuita nezvinetso zvekushandisa zvinonyadzisira

Pamhepo zvinonyadzisira zvave kusazivikanwa, kuwanika, uye kutengeka nekufamba kwenguva. Imwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa zvinonyadzisira webhusaiti Statistics yakashuma vangangoita mamirioni makumi masere nemasere evashanyi pazuva uye vangangoita 81 mabhiriyoni ekushanya mu28.5 (Pornhub.com, 2017). Muzviitiko zvakawanda, kuona zvinonyadzisira hakuna kunetsa. Nekudaro, kune vamwe vaoni, zvinonyadzisira zvinoshandiswa zvinogona kunetsa (zvinofungidzirwa kungangoita 2018% yevanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira; Bőthe et al., 2018 Bőthe, B., Tóth-Király, I., Zsila, Á., Griffiths, MD, Demetrovics, Z., & Orosz, G. (2018). Kubudirira kwedambudziko rekuona zvinonyadzisira kushandiswa (PPCS). 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Dambudziko rekushandisa zvinonyadzisira rinogona kumiririra kuratidzwa kwehypersexuality (inonzi zvekare se kumanikidzwa kwepabonde, kupindwa muropa nebonde, kana kunyanyisa tsika dzebonde mune zvinyorwa; Kafka, 2010 Kafka, MP (2010). Hypersexual disorder: Chirongwa chinonzi chirongwa che DSM-V. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39, 377–400. doi:10.1007/s10508-009-9574-7[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Karila et al., 2014 Karila, L., Wéry, A., Weinstein, A., Cottencin, O., Petit, A., Reynaud, M., & Billieux, J. (2014). Zvepabonde kupindwa muropa kana hypersexual kusagadzikana: Akasiyana mazwi echinetso chimwe chete? Kuongororwa kwezvinyorwa. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 20, 4012-4020.[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Wéry & Billieux, 2017 Wéry, A., & Billieux, J. (2017). Dambudziko repamhepo pabonde: Kufunga, kuongorora, uye kurapwa. 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Iyo Proposed Yeanoona-Anomanikidza Spectrum Model seYakabatana neDambudziko Rekuita Bonde Behaviors

Anopfuura makumi maviri emakore apfuura, mucherechedzo-unosimbisa mucherechedzo wemufananidzo wakagadziriswa (Hollander, 1993 Hollander, E. (1993). Kuona-kumanikidzira kushungurudzika kwekusagadzikana kwekusagadzikana: Kuwedzeredza. Psychiatric Annals, 23, 255-358.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Hollander & Wong, 1995 Hollander, E., & Wong, CM (1995). Kucherekedza-kumanikidza kusarongeka kwematambudziko. Zvinyorwa zveKliniki Psychiatry, 56 (Suppl 4), 3-6.[PubMed], [Google Scholar]) ne conceptualization yekuti kupindwa muropa kwakasiyana kunogona kuvezwa pamusoro pekuenderera mberi kana kuwonekera. Kusagadzikana kwakatsanangurwa kuti varere pamwe chete nechiono ichi nekusava nehanya nekukuvara kuri pamagumo ekupedzisira uye kuwedzeredza kwekukuvara kuri pamagumo ekumanikidza (American Psychiatric Association, 2013 American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Kuongororwa uye nhamba yehuwandu hwehutano hwepfungwa (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Munyori.[Crossref], [Google Scholar]; Hollander & Benzaquen, 1997 Hollander, E., & Benzaquen, SD (1997). Iwo anodzvinyirira-ekumanikidza masaiti ekusagadzikana. Ongororo Yenyika Dzose Dzepfungwa, 9, 99-110. doi: 10.1080 / 09540269775628[Taylor naFrancis Pamhepo], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]. Zvinoenderana nekufungidzira kweHollander uye Wong (1995 Hollander, E., & Wong, CM (1995). Kucherekedza-kumanikidza kusarongeka kwematambudziko. Zvinyorwa zveKliniki Psychiatry, 56 (Suppl 4), 3-6.[PubMed], [Google Scholar]), zvepabonde zvine chekuita nekumanikidzwa kana kupindwa muropa kuri pedyo nekupedzisira kwekumanikidza. Anopfuura makore gumi gare gare, Mick naHollander (2006 Mick, TM, & Hollander, E. (2006). Kushushikana-kuita zvebonde maitiro. CNS Spectrums, 11, 944-955. doi: 10.1017 / S1092852900015133[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]) akaronga kuti matambudziko ezvepabonde aive nezvinetso zvekumanikidza uye zvekumanikidza. Nekudaro, aya mamodheru akarongedzwa zvakanyanya mukushayikwa kwemashoko enhoroondo achitsigira kuenderera kwekushushikana uye kumanikidzwa kurara pamhedzisiro yekumusoro kwakawanda. Paunenge uchiongorora kubhejera uye kusagadzikana kwekushandisa zvinhu, zvese zvinokuchidzira uye zvekumanikidza zvakaonekwa, uye vanhu vane matambudziko ekubhejera vanokwira pamatanho ekusagadzikana uye kumanikidza (Leeman & Potenza, 2012 Leeman, RF, & Potenza, MN (2012). Kufanana uye misiyano pakati pechirwere chekubhejera uye kusagadzikana kwekushandisa zvinhu: Kutarisisa kusagadzikana uye kumanikidza. Psychopharmacology, 219, 469–490. doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2550-7[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Potenza, 2007 Potenza, MN (2007). Kukurudzira uye kumanikidzirwa mune pathological kubhejera uye kungwarira-kunomanikidza kusagadzikana. Revista Brasileira De Psiquiatria, 29, 105-106. doi: 10.1590 / S1516-44462007000200004[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mibvunzo iripo maererano nehukama hwepakati pehukama pakati pezvinetso zvebonde uye kushushikana uye kumanikidzwa.

Sekureva kwaLochner et al.'s (2005) kudzidza, hypersexual disorder inogona kunge iri yemubhadharo-kushomeka cluster panzvimbo yekumanikidza kana masango mashoma pane hwaro hwekubvunzana kiriniki kiriniki nevarwere vane kusagadzikana-kunonamira kusimba kwekusagadzikana. Zvisinei, iyo ICD-11 (beta vhezheni yegumi neimwe yeiyo Chikamu cheStatistical Internationals of Diseases uye Matambudziko Ehutano Akaenzana) Kubata Boka pane anoona-anodzvinyirira uye ane hukama matambudziko akataura kuti zvinomanikidzira zvepabonde maitiro kusagadzikana (hypersexual kusagadzikana) inofanirwa kuverengerwa pasi pehunyorwa hwekuvhiringidza kudzora kutadza kusagadzikana ICD-11 (Grant et al., 2014 Grant, JE, Atmaca, M., Fineberg, NA, Fontenelle, LF, Matsunaga, H., Janardhan Reddy, YC,… Woods, DW (2014). Impulse kudzora kusagadzikana uye "maitiro anopindwa" muICD11. World Psychiatry, 13, 125-127. doi: 10.1002 / wps.20115[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Kraus et al., 2018 Kraus, SW, Krueger, RB, Briken, P., Kutanga, MB, Stein, DJ, Kaplan, MS,… Reed, GM (2018). Anomanikidzwa maitiro ekuita zvepabonde mu ICD ‐ 11. World Psychiatry, 17, 109-110. doi: 10.1002 / wps.20499[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Stein et al., 2016 Stein, DJ, Kogan, CS, Atmaca, M., Fineberg, NA, Fontenelle, LF, Grant, JE,… Van Den Heuvel, OA (2016). Kugadziriswa kwekutaridzika-kwekumanikidza uye kunetseka kusangana mu ICD-11. Zvinyorwa zveAffective Disorders, 190, 663-674. doi: 10.1016 / j.jad.2015.10.061[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; World Health Organization, 2017 World Health Organization. (2017). Nyika dzepasi rose kuongororwa kwezvirwere uye zvine hutano zvine hutano. (11th ed. Beta shanduro). Yakatorerwa December 8, 2017, kubva https://icd.who.int/dev11/l-m/en#/http%3a%2f%2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentity%2f1630268048 [Google Scholar]) nekuda kwekufungisisa kwayo uye chiratidzo chechiratidzo (semuenzaniso, kudzokorora kutadza kudzivisa kushuva kuita hunhu hwepabonde kunyangwe paine mhedzisiro yakaipa yenguva refu). Nekudaro, kurongeka kwakadai kwakabvunzwa nekuti kumanikidza kuita pabonde kune zvakafanana neurobiological maficha kumatambudziko ekushandisa zvinodhaka, zvichiratidza kuti kuita zvebonde zvekumanikidza zvinogona kutariswa sehurwere hwekupindwa muropa (Potenza, Gola, Voon, Kor, & Kraus, 2017 Potenza, MN, Gola, M., Voon, V., Kor, A., & Kraus, SW (2017). Kuita zvepabonde zvakawandisa chirwere chekupindwa muropa here? The Lancet Psychiatry, 4, 663–664. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30316-4[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]. Nekudaro, parizvino hapana chibvumirano chekuti kuita zvepabonde kwakanangana nematambudziko kana matambudziko (sekune dambudziko rekushandisa zvinonyadzisira kana hypersexourse) zvine chekuita nezvinokurudzirwa kana zvekumanikidza kana kuti zvinofanirwa kutariswa kupindwa muropa nemaitiro (semuenzaniso, Griffiths, 2016 Griffiths, MD (2016). Kumanikidzwa kwepabonde kuita sekupindwa muropa nehunhu: Iko kukanganisa kweinternet uye dzimwe nyaya. kujairira, 111, 2107-2108. doi: 10.1111 / Wedzera.13315[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Kraus, Voon, & Potenza, 2016 Kraus, SW, Voon, V., & Potenza, MN (2016). Kuita zvekumanikidzira kuita bonde kunofungidzirwa kupindwa muropa here? kujairira, 111, 2097- 2106. doi: 10.1111 / Wedzera.13297[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Potenza et al., 2017 Potenza, MN, Gola, M., Voon, V., Kor, A., & Kraus, SW (2017). Kuita zvepabonde zvakawandisa chirwere chekupindwa muropa here? The Lancet Psychiatry, 4, 663–664. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30316-4[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]), uchicherekedza kuti mikana iyi haina kungosarudzika. Tichifunga kuti hapana dzidzo dzakapfuura dzakamboongorora kusasimudzira pamwe nekumanikidzwa kwakabatana nehu hypersexuality uye zvinetso zvekushandisa zvinonyadzisira, pari zvino pane mukana wezivo munzvimbo ino.

Chimwe chidzidzo chakaongorora kumanikidza uye kusagadzikana pamwe chete zvine chekuita nekushandisa zvinonyadzisira (Wetterneck, Burgess, Pfupi, Smith, & Cervantes, 2012 Wetterneck, CT, Burgess, AJ, Pfupi, MB, Smith, AH, & Cervantes, ME (2012). Basa rekumanikidzwa kwepabonde, kushushikana, uye kudzivirirwa kwehunyanzvi muinternet zvinonyadzisira zvinoshandiswa. Psychological Rekodhi, 62, 3-18.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]. Nekudaro, mune ichi chidzidzo, kumanikidzwa kwepabonde, sekupesana nekumanikidzwa kwakawanda, kwakaongororwa. Zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro yeongororo iyi, izvo zvine chekuita neshungu (kutsvaga nekuisa njodzi nekutsvaga) zvaive zvakanaka uye zvisina hutano zvakabatana nezvezvakazviratidzira nezvakashata zvekushandiswa kwezvinonyadzisira uye kazhinji kwekushandiswa kwezvinonyadzisira. Nekudaro, mushure mekuparadzanisa sampuro muvashandisi vasina dambudziko uye vasingaiti, pakanga pasina musiyano wakakura pakati pemapoka nezvezinga ravo rekumanikidzwa. Panyaya yekumanikidzwa kwepabonde, izvo zvakanaka uye zvisina kunaka zvinokonzerwa nekushandiswa kwezvinonyadzisira uye kazhinji kwemaitiro ekushandiswa kwezvinonyadzisira zvaive zvakanaka uye zvine mwero zvakabatana nekumanikidzwa pabonde, uye pakanga paine musiyano wakakura pakati pematambudziko uye asiriproblematic vashandisi mapoka, nekuti vanhu mumapato ane matambudziko akataura 1.5-fold yakakwira manhamba ekumanikidzwa kwepabonde kupfuura iro risingaiti repoblematic. Chidzidzo ichi ndicho chete chakaongorora zvese kushomeka uye (zvepabonde) kumanikidzwa mune mumwe modhi, paine zvidzidzo zvishoma zvakanyatsoongorora kusashamisira kana kumanikidza zvine chekuita nehukama hwepabonde, senge hypersexuality uye zvinetso zvekuona zvinonyadzisira, sezvakakurukurwa muchikamu chinotevera. .

Impulsivity, Hypersexuality, uye Zvinonyadzisira Zvinoshandiswa

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Unhu uye Kusiyana Kwevamwe, 30, 669–689. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00064-7[Crossref], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]), kusafurirwa kunotsanangurwa kuburikidza nemativi mana: kunzwa kunotsvaga (kuvhurika kwezviitiko zvinogona kuve nengozi uye kunakidzwa kwezviitiko zvinonakidza), kukurumidza kukasira (tsika yekuita maitiro ekumanikidza kuitira kuti udzikise kushungurudzika uye kukanganisa, kunyangwe zvingangoitika zvinokuvadza kwenguva refu), kushaya kutsungirira (matambudziko nekuramba akatarisana nemabasa angave achinetsa uye aine maperero ekuita kana mabasa kana zvinotsausa zvinokurudzira zviripo), uye kushayikwa kwekufungidzira (kuita usati wafunga nezve zvinogona kuitika). Iyi yepakutanga-ina mativi emhando yekumanikidza yakazopedzeredzwa pamwe nechikamu chechishanu, kureva ,. kukurumidza kukurudzira (Billieux et al., 2012 Billieux, J., Rochat, L., Ceschi, G., Carré, A., Offerlin-Meyer, Ini, Defeldre, AC,… Van Der Linden, M. (2012). Kugadziriswa kweiyo pfupi yeFrance vhezheni yePSPS-P inokanganisa maitiro chiyero. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 53, 609-615. doi: 10.1016 / j.comppsych.2011.09.001[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Lynam, Smith, Whiteside, & maCyders, 2006 Lynam, DR, Smith, GT, Whiteside, SP, & Cyders, MA (2006). Iyo UPPS-P: Kuongorora hunhu shanu nzira dzekumanikidza maitiro. Technical report. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University. [Google Scholar]. Positive yokukurumidzira zvinoreva katsika asakurumidzira patinonetseka nyanyisa manzwiro akanaka. Mazhinji kutsvagurudza kunoongorora hukama pakati pekushandiswa kwekuona zvinonyadzisira uye kusanzwisisika kana hypersexuality pamwe nekusakendenga angave akashandisa unidimensional impulsivity pfungwa kana kusimbisa basa rekunzwa kwekutsvaga.

Mukati memunda wehupombwe, kutsvagurudza kwakapfuura kwevakadzi, bondexual, uye ngochani varume nevakadzi vakaratidza hukama hwakanaka asi husina kusimba pakati pehunhu-hunonzi hunhu hwekusagadzikana uye hupombwe. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti vanhu vane hukwiriri hwakanyanya vanowanzoita maitiro ehupombwe (Walton, Cantor, & Lykins, 2017 Walton, MT, Cantor, JM, & Lykins, AD (2017). Ongororo yepamhepo yehunhu, hwepfungwa, uye zvehunhu hunhu hwakabatana nehunhu-hunhu hunhu hwehupombwe. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 46, 721–733. doi:10.1007/s10508-015-0606-1[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]). Zvisinei, mune chidzidzo chekuongorora muenzaniso wakabatanidzwa wevanhurume vanoita zvepabonde uye hutano hwakanaka hwevanhu, hutano hwakanaka hunowanikwa pakati pekusagadzikana uye nehuwandu hwehupombwe, hukama hunoramba huripo apo kushungurudzika, kuora mwoyo, kushungurudzika, uye kufunga zvakatorwa mukufungisisa (Reid, Bramen, Anderson, & Cohen, 2014 Reid, RC, Bramen, JE, Anderson, A., & Cohen, MS (2014). Kungwarira, kushushikana kwepfungwa, kusagadzikana, uye kushushikana pakati pevarwere vehupombwe. Chinyorwa cheClinical Psychology, 70, 313-321. doi: 10.1002 / jclp.22027[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]). Panyaya yevanonyanya kuita zvepabonde ngochani uye bisexual vanhurume, yakafanana yakanaka, ine mwero kushamwaridzana yakave ichionekwa pakati pekuzvizivisa kusagadzikana uye nhanho dzehupombwe (Pachankis, Rendina, Ventuneac, Grov, & Parsons, 2014 Pachankis, JE, Rendina, HJ, Ventuneac, A., Grov, C., & Parsons, JT (2014). Basa remaladaptive cognitions muhupombwe pakati pevanonyanya kuita zvepabonde nevarume vanoita bonde. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 43, 669–683. doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0261-y[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]).

Nekudaro, apo hypersexual uye nonhypersexual vanhurume vakaenzaniswa maererano nezinga ravo rekushungurudzika, maitiro chete ekukosha akawanikwa maererano nekumanikidza (Mulhauser et al., 2014 Mulhauser, KR, Struthers, WM, Hook, JN, Pyykkonen, BA, Womack, SD, & MacDonald, M. (2014). Kuita pane iyo Iowa kubhejera basa mune sampuro yeiyo hypersexual varume. Zvepabonde Kupindwa muropa & Kumanikidzwa, 21, 170-183. doi: 10.1080 / 10720162.2014.908333[Taylor naFrancis Pamhepo], [Google Scholar]. Mune kumwe kuongorora kuenzanisa kushupika pakati pean hypersexual ngochani nevarume vasiri gyphersexual varume (Miner et al., 2016 Mucheri, MH, Romine, RS, Raymond, N., Janssen, E., MacDonald, A., & Coleman, E. (2016). Kunzwisisa hunhu uye maitiro maitiro anotsanangudza hupombwe mune varume vanoita bonde nevarume. Zvinyorwa zveHIV, 13, 1323-1331. doi: 10.1016 / j.jsxm.2016.06.015[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]), mumwe chete musiyano wakakosha wakaonekwa. Hypersexual ngochani varume dzakaratidza kukwidziridzwa kwezvikonzero zvisingaite zvekupimirana zvichienzaniswa nevarume vasiri hypersexual gay. Pakanga pasina musiyano wakakura pakati pemapoka maviri aya muhuwandu hwekutarisira uye mota kufambisa. Izvo zvataurwa pamusoro apa zvinoratidza kuti hypersexourse ine chekuita nekusawanikwa uye kuti hypersexual vanhurume haisi boka homo native maererano nekumanikidza mazinga (Miner et al., 2016 Mucheri, MH, Romine, RS, Raymond, N., Janssen, E., MacDonald, A., & Coleman, E. (2016). Kunzwisisa hunhu uye maitiro maitiro anotsanangudza hupombwe mune varume vanoita bonde nevarume. Zvinyorwa zveHIV, 13, 1323-1331. doi: 10.1016 / j.jsxm.2016.06.015[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Mulhauser et al., 2014 Mulhauser, KR, Struthers, WM, Hook, JN, Pyykkonen, BA, Womack, SD, & MacDonald, M. (2014). Kuita pane iyo Iowa kubhejera basa mune sampuro yeiyo hypersexual varume. Zvepabonde Kupindwa muropa & Kumanikidzwa, 21, 170-183. doi: 10.1080 / 10720162.2014.908333[Taylor naFrancis Pamhepo], [Google Scholar]. Nekudaro, izvo zvakawanikwa zvinoratidzira kuti kukurudzira kwakakosha kunoenderana ne hypersexuality (Pachankis et al., 2014 Pachankis, JE, Rendina, HJ, Ventuneac, A., Grov, C., & Parsons, JT (2014). Basa remaladaptive cognitions muhupombwe pakati pevanonyanya kuita zvepabonde nevarume vanoita bonde. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 43, 669–683. doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0261-y[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Reid et al., 2014 Reid, RC, Bramen, JE, Anderson, A., & Cohen, MS (2014). Kungwarira, kushushikana kwepfungwa, kusagadzikana, uye kushushikana pakati pevarwere vehupombwe. Chinyorwa cheClinical Psychology, 70, 313-321. doi: 10.1002 / jclp.22027[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Walton et al., 2017 Walton, MT, Cantor, JM, & Lykins, AD (2017). Ongororo yepamhepo yehunhu, hwepfungwa, uye zvehunhu hunhu hwakabatana nehunhu-hunhu hunhu hwehupombwe. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 46, 721–733. doi:10.1007/s10508-015-0606-1[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]).

Nezve kushandiswa kwezvinonyadzisira, kutsvaga kwekunzwa kupokana ndiko kwakanyanya kuwongorora hunhu-hune hukama nehukama hwakadzidzwa kusvika zvino. Kutsvaga kwekutsvaga kwakawanikwa kuve kune hukama chaihwo nekuwanda kwekuona zvinonyadzisira kushandiswa (Beyens, Vandenbosch, & Eggermont, 2015 Beyens, I., Vandenbosch, L., & Eggermont, S. (2015). Vechidiki vevechiri kuyaruka kuratidzwa kune internet zvinonyadzisira hukama kune nguva yekushomeka, kutsvaga kwekunzwa, uye kuita kwedzidzo. Zvinyorwa zveKutanga Kuyaruka, 35, 1045-1068. doi: 10.1177 / 0272431614548069[Crossref], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Peter & Valkenburg, 2010 Peter, J., & Valkenburg, PM (2010). Maitiro ari pasi pemhedzisiro yekushandisa kwevechiri kuyaruka 'zvekubuda pachena internet zvinhu: iro basa rekuona kwechokwadi. Research Research, 37, 375-399. doi: 10.1177 / 0093650210362464[Crossref], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]. Kune varume, ruzivo rwekutsvaga rwakawanikwawo kuva runoenderana nezvekushandisa zvinonyadzisira pamhepo (Paul, 2009 Pauro, B. (2009). Kufanotaura nezvekuona zvinonyadzisira paIndaneti kushandisa uye kumutsa: Basa rega rega kusiyana kunoshanduka. Zvinyorwa zveBonde Rokutsvaga, 46, 344- 357. doi: 10.1080 / 00224490902754152[Taylor naFrancis Pamhepo], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]. Sekureva kwaCooper, Delmonico, uye Burg's (2000) kutsvagurudza, vanhu vanoita zvebonde nevanodzvinyirira vane cybersex zvinodhaka vanokwira pamusoro pamhirizhonga yebonde neyekuzviona-kutsvaga zviyero pane kuita vanhu vasingaite-zvepabonde zvinomanikidza uye zvine mwero vanhu vanoita zvebonde. Muhuwandu, vanhu vane yakakwirira mazinga ekuona ekutsvaga vanogona kushandisa zvinonyadzisira zvakanyanya sekuratidzwa neyakawedzerwa nguva inopedzerwa paInternet zvinonyadzisira kana kugadziridzwa kwekunetseka kwekushandisa zvinonyadzisira pamhepo. Pamusoro pemamwe mana akarongwa ekumanikidza (kusakoshesa kukurumidza, kukurudzira kwakanaka, kushingirira, uye kushomeka kwekugadzirira), hapana ongororo yakambowongorora yakambowongorora hukama pakati pezvakasiyana izvi nekushandiswa kwekuona zvinonyadzisira pamhepo.

Nekuremekedza kukurumidzira, kuwanda kwekushandiswa kwekuona zvinonyadzisira kwakawanikwa kuve kwakashata kwakanangana nekushushikana pakati pevarume (kureva, kurasikirwa nehasha kana kutsamwiswa nyore nyore), asi izvi hazvaive zvakadaro kune vakadzi (Carroll et al., 2008 Carroll, JS, Padilla-Walker, LM, Nelson, LJ, Olson, CD, Barry, CM, & Madsen, SD (2008). Chizvarwa XXX kubvuma zvinonyadzisira uye kushandiswa pakati pevakuru vari kubuda Nyaya Yevana Vechiduku Ongororo, 23, 6-30. doi: 10.1177 / 0743558407306348[Crossref], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]). Mune kumwe kudzidza, kudzora kuzvidzora (kusanganisira kusagadzikana) kwakatsanangura chete shoma shoma yemisiyano ine chekuita nekuwanda kwekushanyira zvinonyadzisira maWebhu uye kurodha zvinyadzo mushure mekudzora zvezera uye zera (Buzzell, Foss, & Middleton, 2006 Buzzell, T., Foss, D., & Middleton, Z. (2006). Kutsanangura kushandiswa kwepamhepo zvinonyadzisira: Muedzo wekuzvidzora dzidziso uye mikana yekutsauka. Chinyorwa cheCriminal Justice uye Yakakurumbira Tsika, 13, 96-116. [Google Scholar]). Kumwe kutsvagurudza kwakawana kuti zvinokurudzira kushandisa zvinonyadzisira zvakanaka uye zvine mwero zvine chekuita nekusafunga kune ese ekukurudzira ekuyera akaongororwa (Reid, Li, Gilliland, Stein, & Fong, 2011 Reid, RC, Li, DS, Gilliland, R., Stein, JA, & Fong, T. (2011). Kuvimbika, kuvimbika, uye psychometric kuvandudza kweiyo porno yekushandisa kuverenga mune yemuenzaniso yevanhurume vanoita zvepabonde. Zvinyorwa zveBonde & Marital Therapy, 37, 359-385. doi: 10.1080 / 0092623.2011.607047[Taylor naFrancis Pamhepo], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]. Nekuda kweizvozvo, idzi datha dzinoratidza kushaya simba asi hukama hwakaoma pakati pekushandiswa kwekuona zvinonyadzisira uye kusanzwisisika uko kunoratidzika kunge kusinga tsanangurike muzvidzidzo zvese.

Muhuwandu, humbowo hwehumwari hunoratidza kuti kukurumidza kushomeka kana kushomeka zvine hukama nezvinhu zvinoverengeka zvekushandisa zvinonyadzisira, sekusimbisa mafirimu ekushandisa kana kukurudzira kwekuona zvinonyadzisira (semuenzaniso, Beyens et al., 2015 Beyens, I., Vandenbosch, L., & Eggermont, S. (2015). Vechidiki vevechiri kuyaruka kuratidzwa kune internet zvinonyadzisira hukama kune nguva yekushomeka, kutsvaga kwekunzwa, uye kuita kwedzidzo. Zvinyorwa zveKutanga Kuyaruka, 35, 1045-1068. doi: 10.1177 / 0272431614548069[Crossref], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Carroll et al., 2008 Carroll, JS, Padilla-Walker, LM, Nelson, LJ, Olson, CD, Barry, CM, & Madsen, SD (2008). Chizvarwa XXX kubvuma zvinonyadzisira uye kushandiswa pakati pevakuru vari kubuda Nyaya Yevana Vechiduku Ongororo, 23, 6-30. doi: 10.1177 / 0743558407306348[Crossref], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Peter & Valkenburg, 2010 Peter, J., & Valkenburg, PM (2010). Maitiro ari pasi pemhedzisiro yekushandisa kwevechiri kuyaruka 'zvekubuda pachena internet zvinhu: iro basa rekuona kwechokwadi. Research Research, 37, 375-399. doi: 10.1177 / 0093650210362464[Crossref], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Reid et al., 2011 Reid, RC, Li, DS, Gilliland, R., Stein, JA, & Fong, T. (2011). Kuvimbika, kuvimbika, uye psychometric kuvandudza kweiyo porno yekushandisa kuverenga mune yemuenzaniso yevanhurume vanoita zvepabonde. Zvinyorwa zveBonde & Marital Therapy, 37, 359-385. doi: 10.1080 / 0092623.2011.607047[Taylor naFrancis Pamhepo], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]. Nekudaro, tsvagurudzo shoma yakatarisa pahukama hwekumanikidza uye zvinetso kushandisa zvinonyadzisira. Kune rimwe divi, data inoratidza kuti kusapindirana kune chekuita ne hypersexuality, kune mamwe maitiro ane hukama anoratidzawo hukama (Miner et al., 2016 Mucheri, MH, Romine, RS, Raymond, N., Janssen, E., MacDonald, A., & Coleman, E. (2016). Kunzwisisa hunhu uye maitiro maitiro anotsanangudza hupombwe mune varume vanoita bonde nevarume. Zvinyorwa zveHIV, 13, 1323-1331. doi: 10.1016 / j.jsxm.2016.06.015[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Mulhauser et al., 2014 Mulhauser, KR, Struthers, WM, Hook, JN, Pyykkonen, BA, Womack, SD, & MacDonald, M. (2014). Kuita pane iyo Iowa kubhejera basa mune sampuro yeiyo hypersexual varume. Zvepabonde Kupindwa muropa & Kumanikidzwa, 21, 170-183. doi: 10.1080 / 10720162.2014.908333[Taylor naFrancis Pamhepo], [Google Scholar]; Pachankis et al., 2014 Pachankis, JE, Rendina, HJ, Ventuneac, A., Grov, C., & Parsons, JT (2014). Basa remaladaptive cognitions muhupombwe pakati pevanonyanya kuita zvepabonde nevarume vanoita bonde. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 43, 669–683. doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0261-y[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Reid et al., 2014 Reid, RC, Bramen, JE, Anderson, A., & Cohen, MS (2014). Kungwarira, kushushikana kwepfungwa, kusagadzikana, uye kushushikana pakati pevarwere vehupombwe. Chinyorwa cheClinical Psychology, 70, 313-321. doi: 10.1002 / jclp.22027[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Walton et al., 2017 Walton, MT, Cantor, JM, & Lykins, AD (2017). Ongororo yepamhepo yehunhu, hwepfungwa, uye zvehunhu hunhu hwakabatana nehunhu-hunhu hunhu hwehupombwe. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 46, 721–733. doi:10.1007/s10508-015-0606-1[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]).

Kurovera, Hypersexourse, uye Zvinonyadzisira Zvinoshandiswa

Kumanikidzwa humwe hunhu-hune hukama nehunhu hwave hwakabatana nehutano hwepfungwa uye maitiro (semuenzaniso, kushandisa zvinodhaka uye kusagadzikana kwekubhejera, Leeman & Potenza, 2012 Leeman, RF, & Potenza, MN (2012). Kufanana uye misiyano pakati pechirwere chekubhejera uye kusagadzikana kwekushandisa zvinhu: Kutarisisa kusagadzikana uye kumanikidza. Psychopharmacology, 219, 469–490. doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2550-7[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; kumanikidza kudya zvakanyanya, Davis & Carter, 2009 Davis, C., & Carter, JC (2009). Kumanikidza kudya zvakanyanya sekupindwa muropa nedambudziko. Kuongororwa kwedzidziso uye humbowo. Appetite, 53, 1-8. doi: 10.1016 / j.appet.2009.05.018[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; kunwisa doro uye kuvimba, Modell, Glaser, Mountz, Schmaltz, & Cyr, 1992 Modell, JG, Glaser, FB, Mountz, JM, Schmaltz, S., & Cyr, L. (1992). Kucherekedza uye kumanikidza hunhu hwekushandisa doro zvisina mwero uye kuvimba: Kuwedzeredzwa nemubvunzo mutsva uchangobva kugadzirwa. Kunwa doro: Kuongorora uye Kuongorora Ongororo, 16, 266–271. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1992.tb01374.x[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; bulimia amanosa, Engel et al., 2005 Engel, SG, Corneliussen, SJ, Wonderlich, SA, Crosby, RD, Le Grange, D., Crow, S.,… Mitchell, JE (2005). Kukurudzira uye kumanikidzwa mu bulimia amanosa. Runyorwa Rwenyika Dzese rweKudya Matambudziko, 38, 244-251. doi: 10.1002 / idya.20169[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]. Kumanikidza kunoonekwa ne "kuita kwekudzokorora uye kuita basa rakashata kana kuvharika maitiro pasina adaptive basa, rinoitwa mune yekugara kana stereotyped fashoni, ingave maererano nemitemo yakaoma kana senzira yekudzivirira inoonekwa yakaipa mhedzisiro" (Fineberg et al., 2014 Fineberg, NA, Chamberlain, SR, Goudriaan, AE, Stein, DJ, Vanderschuren, LJ, Gillan, CM,… Denys, D. (2014). Kuvandudzika kutsva muuropi hwevanhu: Kliniki, genetic, uye kufungidzira kweuropi kunoenderana nekukosheswa uye kumanikidzwa. CNS Spectrums, 19, 69-89. doi: 10.1017 / S1092852913000801[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar], p. 70). Naizvozvo, kumanikidzwa kunogona kureva kubatanidzwa mune zvetsika, zvinodzokororwa maitiro uye zviito zvekudzivirira kana kudzikisa kushushikana kana kubvisa mhedzisiro inotyiwa nemaitiro emunhu. Nekudaro, kunzwa uku kwekudzikisira kunogona kunge kuri kwechinguva, zvichitungamira kune yakashata kutenderera uko munhu wacho anowanzoita zviito zvetsika (Deacon & Abramowitz, 2005 Mudhikoni, BJ, & Abramowitz, JS (2005). Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale: Ongororo yezvinhu, kuvaka kuvimbika, uye mazano ekugadzirisazve. Zvinyorwa zvekuzvidya Mwoyo, 19, 573-585. doi: 10.1016 / j.janxdis.2004.04.009[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]).

Vashoma zvidzidzo vakaongorora kushamwaridzana pakati pekumanikidzwa uye hypersexourse. Pakati pevanhurume vane nonparaphilic hypersexual disorder, iyo hupenyu hwekuwedzera hwekuvhiringidzika -kumanikidza kusagadzikana-chirwere chepfungwa chinoratidzirwa nekumanikidzwa-kubva ku0% kusvika 14% (Kafka, 2015 Kafka, MP (2015). DSM-IV Axis I psychopathology mune varume vane non-paraphilic hypersexual disorder. Dzidziso Dzazvino dzekupindwa muropa, 2, 202- 206. doi: 10.1007 / s40429-015-0060-0[Crossref], [Google Scholar]). Obsessiveness - iyo inogona kuve inofambidzana neyakaomesera maitiro (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 2 (MMPI-2); Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, & Kaemmer, 1989 Mucheki, JN, Dahlstrom, WG, Graham, JR, Tellegen, A., & Kaemmer, B. (1989). MMPI-2: Chinyorwa chekutonga uye kuroora. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press. [Google Scholar]) - mune vanotsvaga kurapwa nevarume vane hupombwe vakawanikwa vachikwidziridzwa zvine chekuita neboka rekuenzanisa, asi saizi mhedzisiro yemusiyano uyu yaive isina kusimba (Reid & Carpenter, 2009 Reid, RC, & Muvezi, BN (2009). Kuongorora hukama hwepfungwa dzepfungwa mune varwere vane hutano hwevanhu vachishandisa MMPI-2. Zvinyorwa zveBonde & Marital Therapy, 35, 294-310. doi: 10.1080 / 00926230902851298[Taylor naFrancis Pamhepo], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]). Kana musangano uripakati peyero yekuzvibata-yekumanikidza maitiro - kuongororwa nekasiyasi reiyo Yakarongeka Clinical Bvunzurudzo yeDSM-IV (SCID-II) (Kutanga, Gibbon, Spitzer, Williams, & Benjamin, 1997 Kutanga, MB, Gibbon, M., Spitzer, RL, Williams, JBW, & Benjamin, LS (1997). SCID-II yemubvunzo mubvunzo. Washington, DC: American Psychiatry Press. [Google Scholar]) -Uye huwandu hwehupombwe hwakaongororwa pakati pevanhurume-vanotsvaga kurapwa vane hypersexual kusagadzikana, maitiro akananga kune yakanaka, isina kusimba kushamwaridzana yakawanikwa (Carpenter, Reid, Garos, & Najavits, 2013 Muvezi, BN, Reid, RC, Garos, S., & Najavits, LM (2013). Unhu kusagadzikana kusagadzikana mukurapa-kutsvaga varume vane hypersexual kusagadzikana. Zvepabonde Kupindwa muropa & Kumanikidzwa, 20, 79-90. doi: 10.1080 / 10720162.2013.772873[Taylor naFrancis Pamhepo], [Google Scholar]. Pahwaro hwezvataurwa pamusoro apa, kumanikidzwa kunoita senge kunobatsira munzira diki kune hypersexourse.

Kumanikidzwa pabonde (zvakanyanya kudarika kuzvimanikidza) kwakabatana nekushandisa zvinonyadzisira. Pakati pevadzidzi vechirume, kuona zvinonyadzisira kwakawanikwa kuve kwakanaka uye zvine mwero kwakabatana nekumanikidzwa kwepabonde, nekumanikidzirwa kurara pamwe nekuyanana kushamwaridzana pakati pekuona zvinonyadzisira uye zvine mutsindo maitiro ezvekuita (Twohig et al., 2009 Mbiri, MP, Crosby, JM, & Cox, JM (2009). Kuona internet zvinonyadzisira: Kunaani kune dambudziko, sei, uye nei? Zvepabonde Kupindwa muropa & Kumanikidzwa, 16, 253-266. doi: 10.1080 / 10720160903300788[Taylor naFrancis Pamhepo], [Google Scholar]). Zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro yekudzvinyirira kufunga kunoonekwa mukusagadzikana-kusagadzikana kusagadzikana (semuenzaniso, Abramowitz, Tolin, & Street, 2001 Abramowitz, JS, Tolin, DF, & Street, GP (2001). Zvinokatyamadza mhedzisiro yekufunga kudzvinyirira: Meta-ongororo yezvidzidzo zvinodzorwa. Clinical Psychology Review, 21, 683–703. doi:10.1016/S0272-7358(00)00057-X[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Tolin, Abramowitz, Przeworski, & Foa, 2002 Tolin, DF, Abramowitz, JS, Przeworski, A., & Foa, EB (2002). Kufunga kudzvinyirira mukutarisa-kusagadzikana kusagadzikana. Maitiro Okutsvakurudza uye Therapy, 40, 1255–1274. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(01)00095-X[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]), mhedzisiro iyi inoratidza kuti zvishuwo zvisingadiwe zvekushandisa zvinonyadzisira zvinogona kukanganisa kushandiswa kwezvinonyadzisira, zvichitungamira kune ego-dystonic kuona (kureva., Kuona zvinonyadzisira kunopesana nehunhu uye zvitendero zvemunhu), izvo zvinogona kutungamira kumhedzisiro yakaipa (kureva, kunetsekana kuona). Kushamwaridzana kwakanaka pakati pekusangana kwepabonde uye kunetseka kwekuona zvinonyadzisira kushandiswa kwakataurwa mune imwe nzira yekuenzanisira yevanhurume nevanhukadzi (Grubbs, Exline, Pargament, Hook, & Carlisle, 2015 Grubbs, JB, Exline, JJ, Pargament, KI, Hook, JN, & Carlisle, RD (2015). Kupinduka sekupindwa muropa: Kunamata uye kusaremekedza mutsika sevano fungidzira kuti vanoona kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44, 125–136. doi:10.1007/s10508-013-0257-z[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]). Kumwe kutsvagurudza kwakawana kuti kushuva zvinonyadzisira kwaivewo kwakanaka uye zvine mwero zvine chekuita nekumanikidza kwepabonde (Kraus & Rosenberg, 2014 Kraus, SW, & Rosenberg, H. (2014). Izvo zvinonyadzisira zvinoshuvira mibvunzo yemibvunzo: Psychometric zvivakwa. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 43, 451–462. doi:10.1007/s10508-013-0229-3[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]. Mhedzisiro iyi inoenderana nepfungwa yekuti hypersexourse inosanganisira zvinhu zvekumanikidzwa pabonde (semuenzaniso, Kafka, 2010 Kafka, MP (2010). Hypersexual disorder: Chirongwa chinonzi chirongwa che DSM-V. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39, 377–400. doi:10.1007/s10508-009-9574-7[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]).

Mune kumwe kuongorora, kumanikidzwa kwakawanda kwakaongororwa zvine chekuita nezvinetso zvekuona zvinonyadzisira zvinoshandiswa pakati pevarume, zvichiratidza kushamwaridzana kwakanaka asi kusimba (Egan & Parmar, 2013 Egan, V., & Parmar, R. (2013). Tsvina tsika? kuona zvinonyadzisira paInternet, hunhu, kukoshesa, uye kumanikidza Zvinyorwa zveBonde & Marital Therapy, 39, 394-409. doi: 10.1080 / 0092623.2012.710182[Taylor naFrancis Pamhepo], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]). Kana ichiongororwa mune yakasarudzika modhi, hukama pakati pezvekumanikidza uye kunetsa kwekuona zvinonyadzisira kushandiswa kwakapindirana nehupombwe uye kupindwa muropa neInternet, pamwe nekudhakwa zvakanyanya (Egan & Parmar, 2013 Egan, V., & Parmar, R. (2013). Tsvina tsika? kuona zvinonyadzisira paInternet, hunhu, kukoshesa, uye kumanikidza Zvinyorwa zveBonde & Marital Therapy, 39, 394-409. doi: 10.1080 / 0092623.2012.710182[Taylor naFrancis Pamhepo], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]. Kutorwa pamwe chete, kushamwaridzana pakati pekumanikidzira uye hypersexuality uye kumanikidzwa uye zvinetso kushandiswa kunoratidzika kushaya simba (Carpenter et al., 2013 Muvezi, BN, Reid, RC, Garos, S., & Najavits, LM (2013). Unhu kusagadzikana kusagadzikana mukurapa-kutsvaga varume vane hypersexual kusagadzikana. Zvepabonde Kupindwa muropa & Kumanikidzwa, 20, 79-90. doi: 10.1080 / 10720162.2013.772873[Taylor naFrancis Pamhepo], [Google Scholar]; Egan & Parmar, 2013 Egan, V., & Parmar, R. (2013). Tsvina tsika? kuona zvinonyadzisira paInternet, hunhu, kukoshesa, uye kumanikidza Zvinyorwa zveBonde & Marital Therapy, 39, 394-409. doi: 10.1080 / 0092623.2012.710182[Taylor naFrancis Pamhepo], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]).

Kuongorora Kusimudzira uye Kubvumirana Nepfungwa nezve Hypersexuality uye Dambudziko Rekuona Zvinonyadzisira Zvinoshandiswa

Kuvaka pane basa risati rapfuura (Wetterneck et al., 2012 Wetterneck, CT, Burgess, AJ, Pfupi, MB, Smith, AH, & Cervantes, ME (2012). Basa rekumanikidzwa kwepabonde, kushushikana, uye kudzivirirwa kwehunyanzvi muinternet zvinonyadzisira zvinoshandiswa. Psychological Rekodhi, 62, 3-18.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]), inotevera nhanho kuongororwa panguva imwechete kwekumanikidzirwa uye kusanzwisisika uye kuti mumwe nemumwe wevanyori angaenderana sei nedambudziko rekushandisa zvinonyadzisira uye hypersexuality mune nyaya yevarume nevakadzi. Zvinangwa zvechidzidzo chiripo kwaive kuongorora kusanzwisisana uye kumanikidza zvine hukama pamwe nehunyanzvi hwekuona zvinonyadzisira kushandiswa kuona kufanana uye mutsauko muhukama ne hypersexuality uye zvine dambudziko kushandisa zvinonyadzisira mune yakakura, isiri nhoroondo uye kushandisa matanho akasimbiswa. Zvaifungidzirwa kuti kusanzwisisana uye kumanikidzwa kwaizogadziriswa zvine hunyanzvi nezvekushandisa zvinonyadzisira, uye kuti hukama uhwu hunenge husina kusimba asi hwakasimba kune hypersexourse.

nzira

Vatori vechikamu uye Nzira

Chidzidzo chezvino chakaitwa maererano nekutenderwa nekambani yekuongorora bhodhi (IRB) yeyunivhesiti inoenderana nekutevera Chirevo cheHelsinki. Mvumo yekuziva yakawanikwa kubva kune vese vatori vechikamu. Kuunganidzwa kwedata kwakaitwa munaNdira 2017 kuburikidza nemubvunzo wepamhepo wakashambadzwa pane imwe yenhau huru dzeHungary senhau yekutsvaga kuongorora zviitiko zvepabonde. Ivo chete vanhu vane makore gumi nemasere ekuberekwa kana kupfuura ndivo vakakokwa kuti vatore chikamu muchidzidzo chazvino. Vatori vechikamu vakagamuchira ruzivo rwakadzama nezve zvinangwa zvechidzidzo (kureva, kuferefetwa kwetsika dzepabonde nemaitiro evanhu), uye vakavimbiswa kusazivikanwa uye kuvanzika. Mushure mezvo, vatori vechikamu vakaverenga uye vakapa kubvumidzwa kune ruzivo. Kuzadza iro remibvunzo kwakatora ingangoita maminetsi makumi matatu.

Pakazara, vanhu makumi maviri nemaviri nemakumi matatu nemaviri vakabvuma kutora chikamu Nekudaro, 24,372 vatori vechikamu vakasiya vasati vapedza zviyero zvakashandiswa mune idzi ongororo. Zvine zvinodiwa zvaive zvakaisirwa kuverengerwa mukuwongorora kwazvino: (7,282) kuona zvinonyadzisira kamwe chete mugore rapfuura, (1) kupedzisa chiyero chine chekuita nezvehupombwe, (2) kupedzisa chiyero chine chekuita nekumanikidza, uye (3) kupedzisa chiyero chine chekuita nekusagadzikana. Kunze kwevatori vechikamu 4, 17,090 vakanga vasina kutarisa zvinonyadzisira kamwechete mugore rapfuura; 1,602 haina kupedzisa chiyero chine chekuita nezvehupombwe; 469 haina kupedzisa chiyero chine chekuita nekumanikidza, uye 899 haina kupedzisa chiyero chine chekuita nekusagadzikana. Naizvozvo, vatori vechikamu 342 vakasangana nematanho ataurwa pamusoro (echikadzi = 13,778, 4,151%; haana kuratidza mukadzi = 30.1, 72%) uye vaive zera pakati pemakore 0.5 ne18 (M_zera = 33.52, SD_zera = 10.93). Nezvekugara, 7,505 (54.5%) vaigara muguta guru, 2,133 (15.5%) mumataundi ematunhu, 2,881 (20.9%) mumataundi, uye 1,259 (9.1%) mumisha. Panyaya yedanho redzidzo, 350 (2.5%) yaive nedhigirii repuraimari kana kushoma, 541 (3.9%) yaive nemadhigirii ekudzidzira basa, 4,383 (31.8%) vaive nedhigirii rechikoro chepamusoro, uye 8,504 (61.7%) vaive nedzidzo yepamusoro madhigirii (bachelor's, master's) , kana chiremba). Nezve chinzvimbo chehukama, 3,198 vaive vasina kuroora (23.2%), 5,932 43.1 vaive muhukama (556%), 4.0 vakavimbiswa (3,430%), 24.9 vakaroora (384%), 2.8 vakarambana (67%), 0.5 vaive chirikadzi / shirikadzi (211%), uye 1.5 yakaratidza iyo "imwe" sarudzo (XNUMX%). Mubvunzo wakambosimbiswa wakabvunzwa kuti uongorore maitiro evatambi vechikamu (Træen, Nilsen, & Stigum, 2006 Træen, B., Nilsen, TSR, & Stigum, H. (2006). Kushandiswa kwezvinonyadzisira mune zvetsika midhiya uye painternet munorway. Zvinyorwa zveBonde Rokutsvaga, 43, 245-254.[Taylor naFrancis Pamhepo], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]). Zvichienderana nemhinduro kumubvunzo uyu, 11,388 vaive vehukama (82.7%), 1,401 vaive vehukama pamwe chete nehukadzi hwepabonde kune imwe nhanho (10.2%), 380 vaive bondexual (2.8%), 99 vaive ngochani nehupombwe kune imwe nhanho (0.7% ), 384 vaingoita bonde-rimwe chete (2.8%), 16 vaive asexual (0.1%), 73 vaive vasina chokwadi nezve kwavo kuita zvepabonde (0.5%), uye 37 vakaratidza iyo "imwe" sarudzo (0.3%). Nezve yapfuura-gore rekuona zvinonyadzisira vanoshandisa, vatori vechikamu vakatarisa pamhepo zvinonyadzisira vhiki nevhiki, uye vakataura kushandisa 26.4 maminetsi pachikamuSD = 20.5).

Nzira

UPPS-P Impulsive Behaeve Scale (UPPS-P)

Ipfupi UPPS-P Inokanganisa Maitiro Scale (Zsila, Bőthe, Demetrovics, Billieux, & Orosz 2017 Zsila, Á., Bőthe, B., Demetrovics, Z., Billieux, J., & Orosz, G. (2017). Kuenderera mberi kwekutsvaga kweiyo SUPPS-P yekumhanyisa maitiro maitiro echinhu chimiro: Uchapupu kubva kune yakakura chiHungary sampuro. Current Psychology, 1–11. doi:10.1007/s12144-017-9773-7[Crossref], [Google Scholar]) yakagadziridzwa naBillieux et al. (2012 Billieux, J., Rochat, L., Ceschi, G., Carré, A., Offerlin-Meyer, Ini, Defeldre, AC,… Van Der Linden, M. (2012). Kugadziriswa kweiyo pfupi yeFrance vhezheni yePSPS-P inokanganisa maitiro chiyero. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 53, 609-615. doi: 10.1016 / j.comppsych.2011.09.001[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]) kubva kune yekutanga 59-chinhu UPPS-P (Lynam et al., 2006 Lynam, DR, Smith, GT, Whiteside, SP, & Cyders, MA (2006). Iyo UPPS-P: Kuongorora hunhu shanu nzira dzekumanikidza maitiro. Technical report. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University. [Google Scholar]. Iyo Ipfupi UPPS-P ndeye 20-chinhu chiitiko chinosanganisira mashanu akasiyana ekumanikidza zvinhu zvina zvinhu pachiyero: kusakosha kukurumidza (semuenzaniso, "Kana ndagumbuka ndinowanzoita ndisingafungire"), kukurumidza kukurudzira (semuenzaniso, "Kana ini ndiri chaizvo kufara, handidi kufunga nezvemhedzisiro yemaitiro angu "), kunzwa kwekutsvaga (semuenzaniso," Dzimwe nguva ndinoda kuita zvinhu zvinotyisa "), kushaya gadziriro (semuenzaniso," Ini ndinowanzo funga nokungwarira ndisati ndaita chero chinhu " ), uye kushaya kutsungirira (semuenzaniso, "Ini kazhinji ndinofarira kuona zvinhu kusvika kumagumo"). Zvese zvinhu zvakabikwa pachiyero-mana Likert sikero (kubva pa1 = Ini ndinobvuma nesimba to 4 = Ini handibvumirani zvakanyanya. Iwo maficha akasarudzika, kukurumidza kuita zvakanaka, uye kutsvaga kwekutsvaga kunosanganisira zvinodzoreredzwa. Nhamba dzinotsanangurwa uye kuwanda kwemukati wesikero kunoratidzwa muTafura 1.

Tafura 1. Inotsanangudza Statistics, Reliability Indices uye Correlations Pakati pezvinhu zveSimba, Kuzvimanikidza, Hypersexourse uye Kunetsa Zvinonyadzisira Zvinoshandiswa

CSVRatidza Tafura

Yakagadziriswa Kliniki Kubvunzurudza kwe DSM Matambudziko

Iyo SCID-II (Kutanga et al., 1997 Kutanga, MB, Gibbon, M., Spitzer, RL, Williams, JBW, & Benjamin, LS (1997). SCID-II yemubvunzo mubvunzo. Washington, DC: American Psychiatry Press. [Google Scholar]; Szádóczky, Unoka, & Rózsa, 2004 Szádóczky, E., Unoka, Z., & Rózsa, S. (2004). Chinoshandiswa nevashandisi cheiyo yakarongeka kiriniki kubvunzurudza kwe DSM-IV axis II hunhu hunhu (SCID-II), yeHungary shanduro. Budapest, Hungary: OS Hungary Kft. [Google Scholar]) inosanganisira zvinhu zve140 zvinofukidza 10 hunhu hwehunhu hunosanganisirwa mukati IyoDiagnostic uye Statistical Manual yeMepfungwa Dzepfungwa, Chinyorwa chechina (DSM-IV), Axis II pamwe nehunhu huviri hwakasanganiswa muwedzero yekuongorora inoda zvimwe zvidzidzo. Mukutsvagurudza kwazvino, chete kwekumanikidzirwa subscale kwakashandiswa, kunoongorora maitiro ekumanikidzira, vachishandisa mapfumbamwe echokwadi (1) kana nhema (0) zvinhu (semuenzaniso, "Unonetseka kurasa zvinhu kunze here nekuti zvinogona kuuya zvinoshanda mune rimwe zuva?") . Nhamba dzinotsanangudza uye kuwanda kwemukati wepakati peiyo chiyero kunoratidzwa muTafura 1.

Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (HBI)

Iyo HBI (Bőthe, Bartók et al., 2018 Bőthe, B., Bartók, R., Tóth-Király, I., Reid, RC, Griiths, MD, Demetrovics, Z., & Orosz, G. (2018). Kuita zvepabonde, zvepabonde, uye zvepabonde: Chidzidzo chikuru chekuongorora kwepfungwa. Archives of Sexual Behavior. doi: 10.1007 / s10508-018-1201-z[Crossref], [Google Scholar]; Reid et al., 2011 Reid, RC, Li, DS, Gilliland, R., Stein, JA, & Fong, T. (2011). Kuvimbika, kuvimbika, uye psychometric kuvandudza kweiyo porno yekushandisa kuverenga mune yemuenzaniso yevanhurume vanoita zvepabonde. Zvinyorwa zveBonde & Marital Therapy, 37, 359-385. doi: 10.1080 / 0092623.2011.607047[Taylor naFrancis Pamhepo], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]) inosanganisira zvinhu zve19 zvichiongorora mwero wehu hypersexual maitiro pamativi matatu. The masimba Chinhu (zvisere zvinhu; semuenzaniso, "Ini ndinobata zviitiko zvepabonde zvandinoziva kuti ndichazozvidemba") inoongorora kushomeka kwekuzvidzora mune zvehukama zvine hukama, sekutadza kwemunhu kuedza kushandura hunhu hwake hwepabonde. The kubata Chinhu (zvinhu zvinomwe; semuenzaniso, "Kuita chimwe chinhu pabonde kunondibatsira kutsungirira nekushushikana") zvinoreva maitiro ekupinda pabonde semhinduro yekushushikana mupfungwa, sekushushikana, kusuwa, kana kunetseka kwehupenyu hwezuva nezuva. The migumisiro Chinhu (zvinhu zvina; semuenzaniso, "Pfungwa dzangu dzebonde uye fungidziro dzinonditadzisa kuita basa rakakosha") zvinoreva izvo zvinoonekwa pamhedzisiro yekusangana pabonde, pfungwa, uye maitiro, sekuita zvinhu zvepabonde zvinokanganisa mabasa akakosha, zvidzidzo, kana basa. Chiyero ichi chakashandurwa pachishandiswa protocol yakatsanangurwa naBeaton, Bombardier, Guillemin, naFerraz (2000 Beaton, DE, Bombardier, C., Guillemin, F., & Ferraz, MB (2000). Nongedzo yeiyo nzira yekuchinjika-kwetsika kuchinjika kweako-chirevo matanho. Wakapona, 25, 3186-3191.[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]. Zvese zvinhu zvinowanirwa pachiyero-mashanu Likert sikero (kubva pa1 = Never to 5 = Nguva zhinji. Nhamba dzinotsanangudza uye kuwanda kwemukati wepakati peiyo chiyero kunoratidzwa muTafura 1.

Zvinetso Zvinonyanya Kuona Zvinonyadzisira Kushandiswa Kwakaitwa (PPCS)

Iyo PPCS (Bőthe, Tóth-Király et al., 2018 Bőthe, B., Tóth-Király, I., Zsila, Á., Griffiths, MD, Demetrovics, Z., & Orosz, G. (2018). Kubudirira kwedambudziko rekuona zvinonyadzisira kushandiswa (PPCS). Zvinyorwa zveBonde Rokutsvaga, 55, 395-406. doi: 10.1080 / 00224499.2017.1291798[Taylor naFrancis Pamhepo], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]) yakavakirwa padanho rinotsanangurwa rezvikamu zvitanhatu zvekuwedzera maitiro (Griffiths, 2005 Griffiths, M. (2005). Iyo 'element' modhi yekupindwa muropa mukati me biopsychosocial chimiro. Chinyorwa cheKushandisa Zvidimbu, 10, 191-197. doi: 10.1080 / 14659890500114359[Taylor naFrancis Pamhepo], [Google Scholar]. Iyo PPCS ndeye 18-chinhu muyero inoongorora zvinetso zvekuona zvinonyadzisira uchishandisa zvinhu zvitanhatu, zvine zvinhu zvitatu zvine chekuita nechinhu chimwe nechimwe. kubvumidza zvigadzirwa kana huwandu hwechiitiko chiwedzerwe uchifanirwa kuita izvo zvinogadzirisa-mamiriro ekushandura (semuenzaniso, "Ndainzwa kunge ndichifanira kuona yakawanda uye yakawanda porn kuti ndigutsikane"). Salience zvinoreva kukosha kwezve zvinonyadzisira muhupenyu hwomunhu (semuenzaniso, "Ndainzwa kuti porno chikamu chakakosha chehupenyu hwangu"). Mood shanduko Ichi chiitiko chinomutsa kana kuzorora chiitiko icho vashandisi vanotaura semhedzisiro yekuona zvinonyadzisira (semuenzaniso, "Ndakaburitsa kusagadzikana kwangu nekuona zvinonyadzisira"). kunetsana inosanganisira kusawirirana pakati pevashandisi vezvinetso uye nevamwe vavo vanokosha, kusawirirana kwepfungwa (semuenzaniso, kuziva chiitiko ichi kuunza matambudziko asi kuwana kunetseka kupedza zvishoma kana kurega), uye kunetsekana nezvebasa kana zvedzidzo (semuenzaniso, "Ndainzwa porn yakonzera matambudziko muhupenyu hwangu hwepabonde" . Kudzokorora ndiwo maitiro ekudzoka kuzoona zvinonyadzisira nekukurumidza mushure mekuramba kana kuzvidzora (semuenzaniso, "Ini ndakakundikana kubudirira kudzikisa huwandu hwe porno yandinotarisa"). Pekupedzisira, kushaya hanya inoreva kusazvifadza uye kutaura kwemanzwiro kunoitika kana chiitiko ichocho chadzikira kana chapera (semuenzaniso, "ndakatanga kunetseka kana chimwe chinhu chikanditadzisa kuona zvinonyadzisira"). Zvese zvinhu zvinowanirwa pachiyero che7-point Likert (kubva ku1 = Never to 7 = Nguva zhinji. Nhamba dzinotsanangudza uye kuwanda kwemukati wepakati peiyo chiyero kunoratidzwa muTafura 1.

Statistical Analyzes

Zvekuongororwa kwenhamba, SPSS 21 uye Mplus 7.3 (Muthén & Muthén, 1998 Muthén, LK, & Muthén, BO (1998-2012). Mplus mushandisi (7th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén. [Google Scholar]-2015) yakashandiswa. Zvakajairika zvakaongororwa nekuongororwa kwe skewness uye kurtosis. Kuvimbika kwakaongororwa uchishandisa Cronbach's alpha (Nunnally, 1978 Nunnally, JC (1978). Psychometric dzidziso. In McGraw-Hill inoteedzana mune zvepfungwa (2nd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Chikomo. [Google Scholar]) mune zviyero zvinoramba zvichienderera. Kune imwe dichotomous chikero chakashandiswa (kureva., Kumanikidza subscale yeSCID-II), kusapindirana kwemukati kwakaongororwa neKuder-Richardson fomula 20 (KR-20, Kuder & Richardson, 1937 Kuder, GF, & Richardson, MW (1937). Dzidziso yekufungidzira kwekuvimbika kwekuedzwa. Psychometrika, 2, 151-160. doi: 10.1007 / BF02288391[Crossref], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]). Structural equation modelling (SEM) yakashandiswa kuongorora kushamwaridzana pakati pekusagadzikana, kumanikidza, hupombwe, uye kunetsa kushandisa zvinonyadzisira. Zvinhu zvakarapwa sezviratidzo zvechikamu, nekuti zvakave nemhedzisiro yepasi (pahwaro hwekurtosis uye skewness). Nekudaro, iyo inoreve- uye mutsauko-yakagadziridzwa yakaremerwa mashoma masikwere fungidziro (WLSMV) yakashandiswa (Finney & DiStefano, 2006 Finney, SJ, & DiStefano, C. (2006). Kwete-yakajairwa uye data rezvikamu mune yakaumbwa equation modelling. Mu GR Hancock & RD Mueller (Eds.), Structural equation modelling: Iyo yechipiri kosi (pp. 269-314). Charlotte, NC: Zera Reruzivo Kubuditsa. [Google Scholar]. Chaiwanzoshandiswa kunaka-kwe-kukodzera ma indices (Brown, 2015 Brown, TA (2015). Confirmatory Chinhu kuongororwa kwekutsvaga kwekushandisa (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press. [Google Scholar]; Kline, 2011 Kline, RB (2011). Nheyo uye maitiro ehurongwa hwekuenzanisa maitiro (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press. [Google Scholar]) akacherechedzwa (Bentler, 1990 Bentler, PM (1990). Inofananidza yakakodzera indekisi mumhando dzakaumbwa. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 238-246. doi: 10.1037 / 0033-2909.107.2.238[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Bhurawuni, 2015 Brown, TA (2015). Confirmatory Chinhu kuongororwa kwekutsvaga kwekushandisa (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press. [Google Scholar]; Browne & Cudeck, 1993 Browne, MV, & Cudeck, R. (1993). Dzimwe nzira dzekuongorora modhi inokodzera. MuKA Bollen & JS Yakareba (Eds.), Kuedza masystem equation (pp. 136-162). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.[Crossref], [Google Scholar]; Hu & Bentler, 1999 Hu, L., & Bentler, PM (1999). Cutoff zviyero zveakakodzera ma indexes mune covariance chimiro ongororo: Yakajairwa nzira maringe newedzimwe nzira. Structural Kuenzanisa Modeling, 6, 1-55. doi: 10.1080 / 10705519909540118[Taylor naFrancis Pamhepo], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Schermelleh-Engel, Moosbrugger, & Müller, 2003 Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Kuongorora kukodzera kweanorongeka equation mamodheru: Kuyedza kwekukosha uye kunotsanangudza kunaka-kwe-kukodzera matanho. Nzira dzePsychological Research Online, 8, 23-74. [Google Scholar]; Tabachnick & Fidell, 2001 Tabachnick, BG, & Fidell, LS (2001). Kushandisa machiringi evanhu (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn uye Bacon. [Google Scholar]) kuongorora kugamuchirwa kwemuenzaniso wakatsanangurwa. Iwo anoongorora anoongorora kuenzanisa akakodzera index (CFI; ≥ .95 nezvakanaka, ≥ .90 kuti igamuchirwe), iyo Tucker-Lewis indekisi (TLI; ≥ .95 nezvakanaka, ≥ .90 yezvinogamuchirika), uye iyo midzi inoreva kukanganisa kwechiwere. of approximation (RMSEA; ≤ .06 nezvakanaka, ≤. 08 yezvinogamuchirika) ine 90% chidimbu chekubvumirana (CI).

Muchiitiko cheiyo SCID-II kumanikidza subscale uye zvinhu zveHBI, nzira yekuparadzanisa yakaitwa nekuda kwekuti izvozvi zvimiro zvakavanzika zvakaongororwa vachishandisa zvinhu zvakawanda. Mapasuru zvinhu zvakaunganidzwa izvo zvaishandiswa mune yemhando yezvino sezvakaongororwa akasiyana. Maitiro aya anogamuchirwa mune zviyero zveyori unidimensional (semuenzaniso, Bandalos & Finney, 2001 Bandalos, DL, & Finney, SJ (2001). Icho chinhu chinoburitsa nyaya mune zvakaumbwa equation modelling. MuGA Marcoulides & RE Schumacker (Eds.), Kuvandudzwa kutsva uye hunyanzvi mune zvakaumbwa equation modelling (pp. 269-296). London, UK: Lawrence Erlbaum. [Google Scholar]; Mudiki, Cunningham, Shahar, & Widaman, 2002 Mudiki, TD, Cunningham, WA, Shahar, G., & Widaman, KF (2002). Kuparadzira kana kusapasa: Kuongorora mubvunzo, kuyera hunhu. Structural Kuenzanisa Modeling, 9, 151–173. doi:10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_1[Taylor naFrancis Pamhepo], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Orosz et al., 2016 Orosz, G., Vallerand, RJ, Bőthe, B., Tóth-Király, I., & Paskuj, B. (2016). Pane macolorates echishuwo cheiyo skrini-yakavakirwa maitiro: Iyo kesi yekusagadzikana uye kunetsekana uye kusiri-kunetsa kushandiswa kweFacebook uye terevhizheni kutarisisa. Unhu uye Kusiyana Kwevamwe, 101, 167-176. doi: 10.1016 / j.paid.2016.05.368[Crossref], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]), uye inogona kudzikisira zvinhu zvine chekuita nezve-isiri yakagovaniswa dhata (Bandalos, 2002 Bandalos, DL (2002). Mhedzisiro yechinhu parceling pane kunaka-kwe- kukodzera uye paramende inofungidzira bias mune ehurongwa equation modelling. Structural Kuenzanisa Modeling, 9, 78–102. doi:10.1207/S15328007SEM0901_5[Taylor naFrancis Pamhepo], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Matsunaga, 2008 Matsunaga, M. (2008). Item parceling mune zvimisikidzwa equation modelling: Iyo primer. Nzira dzekukurukurirana uye Zviyero, 2, 260-293. doi: 10.1080 / 19312450802458935[Taylor naFrancis Pamhepo], [Google Scholar]. Munyaya yeSCID-II yekumanikidzwa subscale, Rogers naSchmitt's (2004 Rogers, WM, & Schmitt, N. (2004). Parameter kupora uye modhi inokodzera uchishandisa multidimensional composites: Kufananidza kweane empirical parceling algorithms. Multivariate Kuzvibata Kutsvaga, 39, 379- 412. doi: 10.1207 / S15327906MBR3903_1[Taylor naFrancis Pamhepo], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]) yekutsvagisa chinhu ongororo - yakavakirwa algorithm yakashandiswa mukuvaka kwepasuru. Kune iyo HBI, nzira-inomiririra nzira yakashandiswa (Mudiki, Rhemtulla, Gibson, & Schoemann, 2013 Mudiki, TD, Rhemtulla, M., Gibson, K., & Schoemann, AM (2013). Nei zvinhu zvinopesana nemapasuru kukakavara hazvidi kuve imwe. Psychological Nzira, 18, 285-300. doi: 10.1037 / a0033266[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]) uye imwe neimwe subscale (kureva, kubata, kutonga, uye mhedzisiro) yakaverengerwa. Nekudaro, zvitatu zviratidzo zvakagadzirwa.

Results

Yakatsanangurwa data, yakavimbika indices, uye kuwirirana pakati pezvimisikidzwa zvekumanikidzwa, kumanikidzwa, hypersexuality, uye zvinetso kushandisa zvinonyadzisira zvinoratidzwa muTafura 1. Zvinoenderana nekuwirirana, kwaingova nemisiyano diki pakati pezviripo zvekushandisa zvinetso zvekuona zvinonyadzisira, hypersexuality, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvekukanganisa. Naizvozvo, nekuda kwekureruka, uwandu hwese hwekumanikidza hwakashandiswa mukuwedzera kuongororwa.

Nekushandisa SEM, kushamwaridzana pakati pekushushikana, kumanikidzwa, hypersexourse, uye zvinetso kushandisa zvinonyadzisira kwakaongororwa muhuwandu hwehuwandu uye mune varume nevakadzi mune dzakasiyana mhando zvakare. Mhando dzine zvimiriri dzakamiswa dzinoratidzwa mukati Mufananidzo 1.

Mufananidzo 1. Iko kukurudzira uye kumanikidzwa kumashure kweiyo hypersexuality uye zvine dambudziko kushandisa zvinonyadzisira (N_chizere = 13,778; N_vanhurume = 9,555; N_vakadzi = 4,151). Yese misiyano inoratidzwa mune ellipses ari latent akasiyana. Nekuda kwekujekeswa, zviratidzo zvinongedzo zvine chekuita nazvo hazviratidzirwe muuwandu uhu. Miseve ine musoro mumwe inomiririra yakarembera kudzoreredzwa uye maviri-misoro miseve inomiririra correlations. Nhamba yekutanga pane miseve inoratidza iyo nzira coefficients yeiyo yakazara sampu, nhamba yechipiri inoratidza nzira coefficients yeiyo sampuli yemurume, uye chechitatu manhamba anoratidza nzira coefficients yemukadzi sampuli. Nzira dzese dzaikosha pakurera p <.01.

Ratidza uwandu hwakazara

Mune yakazara modhi modhi, akakodzera maindices aigamuchirwa (CFI = .941, TLI = .937, RMSEA = .055 [90% CI = .054 – .055]). Zvese kushushikana uye kumanikidza zvaive zvine hukama zvakanaka asi zvisina simba kumatambudziko ekushandisa zvinonyadzisira anoshandisa (β = .17, p <.01, uye β = .19, p <.01, zvichiteerana). Chiyero chekutsanangurwa kwakasiyana kwekunetseka kwekushandisa zvinonyadzisira kwaive 6.6%. Muchiitiko chehupombwe, kumanikidza kwaivewo kwakanaka asi kusimba zvine hukama nehupombwe (β = .19, p <.01). Zvisinei, kushushikana kwaive kwakanaka asi zvine mwero zvine hukama nehupombwe (β = .37, p <.01). Chiyero chekutsanangurwa kwakasiyana kwehupombwe hwaive 18.1%.

Mune yemurume sampuro modhi, akakodzera indices aigamuchirwa (CFI = .929, TLI = .924, RMSEA = .059 [90% CI = .058 – .059]). Zvese kushushikana uye kumanikidza zvaive zvine hukama zvakanaka asi zvisina simba kumatambudziko ekuona zvinonyadzisira anoshandisa (β = .28, p <.01, uye β = .23, p <.01, zvichiteerana). Chiyero chekutsanangurwa kwakasiyana kwekunetseka kwekushandisa zvinonyadzisira kwaive 13.2%. Muchiitiko chehupombwe, kumanikidza kwaivewo kwakanaka asi kusimba zvine hukama nehupombwe (β = .21, p <.01). Zvisinei, kushushikana kwaive kwakanaka asi zvine mwero zvine hukama nehupombwe (β = .41, p <.01). Chiyero chekutsanangurwa kwakasiyana kwehupombwe hwaive 21.7%.

Mumuenzaniso wechikadzi wechikadzi, indices dzakakodzera dzaigamuchirwa (CFI = .914, TLI = .908, RMSEA = .055 [90% CI = .054 – .056]). Zvese kushushikana uye kumanikidza zvaive zvine hukama zvakanaka asi zvisina simba kumatambudziko ekuona zvinonyadzisira anoshandisa (β = .26, p <.01, uye β = .14, p <.01, zvichiteerana). Chiyero chekutsanangurwa kwakasiyana kwekunetseka kwekushandisa zvinonyadzisira kwaive 9.1%. Muchiitiko chehupombwe, kumanikidza kwaivewo kwakanaka asi kusimba zvine hukama nehupombwe (β = .16, p <.01). Zvisinei, kushushikana kwaive kwakanaka asi zvine mwero zvine hukama nehupombwe (β = .42, p <.01). Chiyero chekutsanangurwa kwakasiyana kwehupombwe hwaive 21.0%.

Muhuwandu, kuwirirana pakati pekushomeka kwekuona zvinonyadzisira nekumanikidza uye kumanikidzwa, zvakateedzana, zvaive zvisina simba, uye kusiyana kwakatsanangurwa kwekushandiswa kwezvekuona zvinonyadzisira nekumanikidza uye kumanikidzwa kwaive kushoma (6.6% kusvika 13.2% mune muyenzaniso yese), varume nevakadzi. Panyaya ye hypersexourse, impulsivity yaive nesimba rakanyanya pa hypersexual maitiro pane kumanikidzwa, nehu hypersexourse kuva nekutsanangurwa kwakasarudzika kweinenge 20% nekusundirwa uye kumanikidzwa mune yakazara sampu, pamwe nevarume nevakadzi.

hurukuro

Pane gakava riripo pamusoro penzira yekuti ungafunga sei zvinetso zvebonde (zvakadai sedzimisikidzo uye kushandisa dambudziko rezvinonyadzisira), nemakwikwi ari kukwikwidza achikurudzira kusagadzikana sekusanzwisisika-kudzora kusagadzikana, kusarudzika-kunomanikidza kuwoneka kushushikana, kana kupindwa muropa nemaitiro (semuenzaniso, Griffiths, 2016 Griffiths, MD (2016). Kumanikidzwa kwepabonde kuita sekupindwa muropa nehunhu: Iko kukanganisa kweinternet uye dzimwe nyaya. kujairira, 111, 2107-2108. doi: 10.1111 / Wedzera.13315[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Kraus et al., 2016 Kraus, SW, Voon, V., & Potenza, MN (2016). Kuita zvekumanikidzira kuita bonde kunofungidzirwa kupindwa muropa here? kujairira, 111, 2097- 2106. doi: 10.1111 / Wedzera.13297[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Potenza et al., 2017 Potenza, MN, Gola, M., Voon, V., Kor, A., & Kraus, SW (2017). Kuita zvepabonde zvakawandisa chirwere chekupindwa muropa here? The Lancet Psychiatry, 4, 663–664. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30316-4[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]. Hukama pakati pe transdiagnostic chimiro chekumanikidza uye kumanikidza uye zvinetso zvepabonde zvine dambudziko dzinofanira kuzivisa kufunga kwakadaro, kunyangwe zvese kushomeka uye kumanikidzwa kwakakanganiswa mukupindwa muropa (Fineberg et al., 2014 Fineberg, NA, Chamberlain, SR, Goudriaan, AE, Stein, DJ, Vanderschuren, LJ, Gillan, CM,… Denys, D. (2014). Kuvandudzika kutsva muuropi hwevanhu: Kliniki, genetic, uye kufungidzira kweuropi kunoenderana nekukosheswa uye kumanikidzwa. CNS Spectrums, 19, 69-89. doi: 10.1017 / S1092852913000801[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Leeman & Potenza, 2012 Leeman, RF, & Potenza, MN (2012). Kufanana uye misiyano pakati pechirwere chekubhejera uye kusagadzikana kwekushandisa zvinhu: Kutarisisa kusagadzikana uye kumanikidza. Psychopharmacology, 219, 469–490. doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2550-7[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]. Ichi chidzidzo chazvino chinopa gakava riripo nekuongorora uye kuona mutsauko muhukama pakati pezviyero zvekuzvishuma-kutaurwa, kumanikidzwa, hypersexourse, uye zvinetswa kushandisa zvinonyadzisira.

Zvakawanikwa zvekuongororwa zviripo zvakaratidza kuti kuzvishingisa kwaive zvine mwero uye kwakanakira kune hunhu, asi kumanikidzwa kwaive kushaya simba chete, zvichiratidzira kuti kukurudzira kunobatsira zvakanyanya kuhukama pane kumanikidzwa kune vese varume nevakadzi. Nekudaro, kushurikidza uye kumanikidzwa zvine chekuita chete nekushomeka kune dambudziko rekushandisa zvinonyadzisira pakati pevasikana vese. Kubva pamaonero ehuwandu, kushingairira uye kumanikidzwa zvese zvakafanofungidzirwa kuita dambudziko rekuona zvinonyadzisira, asi magadzirirwo aive mashoma mune zvese zviitiko uye chikamu chekutsanangurwa kwezvekushandisa zvinonyadzisira chinetso hachina kusvika 15%, zvichiratidza kuti kusimbisa kwakanyanya kunofanirwa kuiswa pane zvimwe zvinhu (semuenzaniso, nzanga uye yakabatana nevanhu) mukutsvaga uye kupindira kwekiriniki mune dambudziko rekushandisa zvinonyadzisira. Kune rimwe divi, kutsvaga kuti kusanzwanana kwakabatana zvine mwero kune hypersexourse kunopa rutsigiro rwese rwekusarudzika kweanomanikidza kuita zvepabonde kusagadzikana. ICD-11; World Health Organisation, 2017 World Health Organization. (2017). Nyika dzepasi rose kuongororwa kwezvirwere uye zvine hutano zvine hutano. (11th ed. Beta shanduro). Yakatorerwa December 8, 2017, kubva https://icd.who.int/dev11/l-m/en#/http%3a%2f%2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentity%2f1630268048 [Google Scholar]) sekukanganisa-kudzora kusagadzikana kana seye hunhu hwekumanikidza. Mukufunga nezvehumwe hurombo huri kurondedzerwa sekukanganisa-kudzora kusagadzikana (semuenzaniso, kuputika kuputika kusagadzikana, pyromania, uye kleptomania) uye zvinhu zvepakati pekumanikidza kugona zvepabonde kusagadzikana uye kusarudzika kwakashata kunokonzerwa nounhu hwekumanikidza (semuenzaniso, kubhejera uye kusagadzikana kwemitambo), kupatsanurwa kweanomanikidzwa kuita zvepabonde kusagadzikana mune yekupedzisira chikamu kunoratidzika kuri kutsigirwa.

Izvo zvakawanikwa zvekuongororwa zviripo zvinoratidza kuti zvinetso zvekushandisa zvinonyadzisira zvinogona kusiyanisa nehukama zvakanyanya. Nekudaro, kufunga nezvenzira dzakanyanyisa dzekuita kana kubata zvinetso muitiro zvichave zvakakosha nekuti vanhu vakasiyana vane maitiro akasiyana ekutsamwa vanokwanisa kuve panjodzi, nekusangana nematambudziko, nemhando dzakasiyana dzebonde.

Basa reKushusha nekumanikidza muHypersexuality uye Dambudziko Rekuona Zvinonyadzisira

Kukurudzira uye kumanikidzwa ndezvimwe zvezvinowanzo bvunzwa hunhu zvine hukama nenyaya yematambudziko ane hunhu anogona kupindwa muropa (semuenzaniso, Billieux et al., 2008 Billieux, J., Rochat, L., Rebetez, MML, & Van Der Linden, M. (2008). Izvo zvese zvikamu zvekushushikana zvine hukama neako wega-unonzi unomanikidza maitiro ekutenga? Unhu uye Kusiyana Kwevamwe, 44, 1432-1442. doi: 10.1016 / j.paid.2007.12.011[Crossref], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Davis & Carter, 2009 Davis, C., & Carter, JC (2009). Kumanikidza kudya zvakanyanya sekupindwa muropa nedambudziko. Kuongororwa kwedzidziso uye humbowo. Appetite, 53, 1-8. doi: 10.1016 / j.appet.2009.05.018[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Deckman & DeWall, 2011 Deckman, T., & DeWall, CN (2011). Kukurumidzira kwakashata uye maitiro ane njodzi pabonde: Kujekeswa kwehukama pakati pekusagadzikana uye kuita kune njodzi pabonde. Unhu uye Kusiyana Kwevamwe, 51, 674-678. doi: 10.1016 / j.paid.2011.06.004[Crossref], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Engel et al., 2005 Engel, SG, Corneliussen, SJ, Wonderlich, SA, Crosby, RD, Le Grange, D., Crow, S.,… Mitchell, JE (2005). Kukurudzira uye kumanikidzwa mu bulimia amanosa. Runyorwa Rwenyika Dzese rweKudya Matambudziko, 38, 244-251. doi: 10.1002 / idya.20169[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Leeman & Potenza, 2012 Leeman, RF, & Potenza, MN (2012). Kufanana uye misiyano pakati pechirwere chekubhejera uye kusagadzikana kwekushandisa zvinhu: Kutarisisa kusagadzikana uye kumanikidza. Psychopharmacology, 219, 469–490. doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2550-7[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Mottram & Fleming, 2009 Mottram, AJ, & Fleming, MJ (2009). Kuwedzeredza, kushushikana, uye nhengo yeboka repamhepo sevamiriri vekunetseka kwekushandisa internet. CyberPsychology & Maitiro, 12, 319-321. doi: 10.1089 / cpb.2007.0170[Crossref], [PubMed], [Google Scholar]. Nekudaro, tsvagurudzo shoma yakanzvera hushamwari hwekumanikidza, kumanikidza, uye zvine hutano maitiro ehupombwe (semu hypersexourse uye zvinetso kushandisa zvinonyadzisira). Uyu muviri mudiki webasa unoshoja mashoma mhedzisiro misikero uye zvisingawirirani mhedzisiro. Nekudaro, hapana kudzidza kwekutanga kune ino kwakamboongorora panguva imwechete hukama hwehukama uye kumanikidzwa kune hypersexuality uye zvinetso kushandisa zvinonyadzisira.

Nezve zvinonyadzisira shandisa kukurudzira (Reid et al., 2011 Reid, RC, Li, DS, Gilliland, R., Stein, JA, & Fong, T. (2011). Kuvimbika, kuvimbika, uye psychometric kuvandudza kweiyo porno yekushandisa kuverenga mune yemuenzaniso yevanhurume vanoita zvepabonde. Zvinyorwa zveBonde & Marital Therapy, 37, 359-385. doi: 10.1080 / 0092623.2011.607047[Taylor naFrancis Pamhepo], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]), kukurudzira kwaive kwakanaka uye zvine mwero zvine chekuita nezvese zvinosimudzira zvinhu, nepo, mumamiriro ekushandiswa kwekuona zvinonyadzisira, maitiro asina kuwirirana akacherechedzwa, kubva pakushamwaridzana kwakanaka kusaenda kusonganirano (semuenzaniso, Beyens et al., 2015 Beyens, I., Vandenbosch, L., & Eggermont, S. (2015). Vechidiki vevechiri kuyaruka kuratidzwa kune internet zvinonyadzisira hukama kune nguva yekushomeka, kutsvaga kwekunzwa, uye kuita kwedzidzo. Zvinyorwa zveKutanga Kuyaruka, 35, 1045-1068. doi: 10.1177 / 0272431614548069[Crossref], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Carroll et al., 2008 Carroll, JS, Padilla-Walker, LM, Nelson, LJ, Olson, CD, Barry, CM, & Madsen, SD (2008). Chizvarwa XXX kubvuma zvinonyadzisira uye kushandiswa pakati pevakuru vari kubuda Nyaya Yevana Vechiduku Ongororo, 23, 6-30. doi: 10.1177 / 0743558407306348[Crossref], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Peter & Valkenburg, 2011 Peter, J., & Valkenburg, PM (2011). Iko kushandiswa kweinternet yakajeka zvinhu zveinternet uye zvinopesana nazvo: kureba kwekuenzanisa kwevechiri kuyaruka nevakuru. Archives Of Bonde Kuzvibata, 40, 1015-1025. doi: 10.1007 / s10508-010-9644-x[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]. Chidzidzo chimwe chete (kureva, Wetterneck et al., 2012 Wetterneck, CT, Burgess, AJ, Pfupi, MB, Smith, AH, & Cervantes, ME (2012). Basa rekumanikidzwa kwepabonde, kushushikana, uye kudzivirirwa kwehunyanzvi muinternet zvinonyadzisira zvinoshandiswa. Psychological Rekodhi, 62, 3-18.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]) yakaongorora kushamwaridzana pakati pekusagadzikana, kumanikidza, uye kunetseka kwezvinonyadzisira zvinoshandisa panguva imwe chete. Zvakafanana nemhedzisiro yechidzidzo chazvino, hukama hwakanaka asi husina kusimba pakati pezvakasiyana zvakaonekwa, uye mushure mekuparadzanisa sampuro kuva vashandisi vane dambudziko uye vasina dambudziko, hapana mutsauko wakakosha wakawanikwa pakati pemapoka maererano nematanho ekusagadzikana. Naizvozvo, kushushikana kunogona kunge kusiri kunetsa kumatambudziko anonyadzisira anoshandiswa sezvakafanotaurwa kare (semuenzaniso, Hollander & Wong, 1995 Hollander, E., & Wong, CM (1995). Kucherekedza-kumanikidza kusarongeka kwematambudziko. Zvinyorwa zveKliniki Psychiatry, 56 (Suppl 4), 3-6.[PubMed], [Google Scholar]; Mick & Hollander, 2006 Mick, TM, & Hollander, E. (2006). Kushushikana-kuita zvebonde maitiro. CNS Spectrums, 11, 944-955. doi: 10.1017 / S1092852900015133[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]).

Panyaya ye hypersexuality, kutsvagurudza kwakaratidza kuti kusanzwisisika kushaya simba kana zvine mwero kwakabatana nehukama maitiro, fungidziro, uye kukurudzira (Pachankis et al., 2014 Pachankis, JE, Rendina, HJ, Ventuneac, A., Grov, C., & Parsons, JT (2014). Basa remaladaptive cognitions muhupombwe pakati pevanonyanya kuita zvepabonde nevarume vanoita bonde. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 43, 669–683. doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0261-y[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Reid et al., 2014 Reid, RC, Bramen, JE, Anderson, A., & Cohen, MS (2014). Kungwarira, kushushikana kwepfungwa, kusagadzikana, uye kushushikana pakati pevarwere vehupombwe. Chinyorwa cheClinical Psychology, 70, 313-321. doi: 10.1002 / jclp.22027[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Walton et al., 2017 Walton, MT, Cantor, JM, & Lykins, AD (2017). Ongororo yepamhepo yehunhu, hwepfungwa, uye zvehunhu hunhu hwakabatana nehunhu-hunhu hunhu hwehupombwe. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 46, 721–733. doi:10.1007/s10508-015-0606-1[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]. Nekudaro, kuenzanisa kwe hypersexual uye nonhypersexual vanhu havana kuratidza zvinoenderana mhinduro (Miner et al., 2016 Mucheri, MH, Romine, RS, Raymond, N., Janssen, E., MacDonald, A., & Coleman, E. (2016). Kunzwisisa hunhu uye maitiro maitiro anotsanangudza hupombwe mune varume vanoita bonde nevarume. Zvinyorwa zveHIV, 13, 1323-1331. doi: 10.1016 / j.jsxm.2016.06.015[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Mulhauser et al., 2014 Mulhauser, KR, Struthers, WM, Hook, JN, Pyykkonen, BA, Womack, SD, & MacDonald, M. (2014). Kuita pane iyo Iowa kubhejera basa mune sampuro yeiyo hypersexual varume. Zvepabonde Kupindwa muropa & Kumanikidzwa, 21, 170-183. doi: 10.1080 / 10720162.2014.908333[Taylor naFrancis Pamhepo], [Google Scholar]. Mhedzisiro yeiyo yazvino chidzidzo inogadzirisa zvakawanikwa naPachankis et al. (2014 Pachankis, JE, Rendina, HJ, Ventuneac, A., Grov, C., & Parsons, JT (2014). Basa remaladaptive cognitions muhupombwe pakati pevanonyanya kuita zvepabonde nevarume vanoita bonde. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 43, 669–683. doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0261-y[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]) uye Reid et al. (2014 Reid, RC, Bramen, JE, Anderson, A., & Cohen, MS (2014). Kungwarira, kushushikana kwepfungwa, kusagadzikana, uye kushushikana pakati pevarwere vehupombwe. Chinyorwa cheClinical Psychology, 70, 313-321. doi: 10.1002 / jclp.22027[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]) nekuti kushamwaridzana pakati pekushushikana uye hypersexourse kwakanaka uye kuri pakati nepakati, zvichidaro kuti kukurudzira kunogona kubatsira zvakanyanya mukukudziridza uye kuchengetedza hypersexourse.

Nezve kumanikidza, kushamwaridzana pakati pekushandisa zvinonyadzisira nekumanikidza kwepabonde zvakaongororwa zvakanyanya kupfuura izvo pakati pekushandisa zvinonyadzisira nekumanikidza kwakawanda. Hazvishamisi kuti, kana kumanikidzwa kwepabonde kwakaongororwa zvine chekuita nekuona zvinonyadzisira (semuenzaniso, Grubbs, Exline et al., 2015 Grubbs, JB, Exline, JJ, Pargament, KI, Hook, JN, & Carlisle, RD (2015). Kupinduka sekupindwa muropa: Kunamata uye kusaremekedza mutsika sevano fungidzira kuti vanoona kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44, 125–136. doi:10.1007/s10508-013-0257-z[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Dziri mbiri et al., 2009 Mbiri, MP, Crosby, JM, & Cox, JM (2009). Kuona internet zvinonyadzisira: Kunaani kune dambudziko, sei, uye nei? Zvepabonde Kupindwa muropa & Kumanikidzwa, 16, 253-266. doi: 10.1080 / 10720160903300788[Taylor naFrancis Pamhepo], [Google Scholar]; Wetterneck et al., 2012 Wetterneck, CT, Burgess, AJ, Pfupi, MB, Smith, AH, & Cervantes, ME (2012). Basa rekumanikidzwa kwepabonde, kushushikana, uye kudzivirirwa kwehunyanzvi muinternet zvinonyadzisira zvinoshandiswa. Psychological Rekodhi, 62, 3-18.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]), musangano uyu waive pakati nepakati uye wakanaka. Zvikonzero zvinoverengeka zvinobvira zvehukama uhu zvakatsanangurwa. Kutanga, kumanikidzwa-kwakanangana kumanikidzwa kunogona kutarisirwa kuve kwakanyanya kuenderana nekunetseka kwekushandisa zvinonyadzisira pane mamiriro-akasununguka (kureva, general) kumanikidzwa. Chechipiri, hypersexuality nekududzirwa inogona kusanganisira kusangana pabonde (semuenzaniso, Kafka, 2010 Kafka, MP (2010). Hypersexual disorder: Chirongwa chinonzi chirongwa che DSM-V. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39, 377–400. doi:10.1007/s10508-009-9574-7[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]). Zvisinei, apo kunyanya kumanikidzirwa kwakaongororwa sechinhu chinopesana nezvinetso zvekuona zvinonyadzisira zvinoshandiswa, zvakafanana nemigumisiro yechidzidzo chezvino, masangano akanaka asi asina simba akaonekwa (Egan & Parmar, 2013 Egan, V., & Parmar, R. (2013). Tsvina tsika? kuona zvinonyadzisira paInternet, hunhu, kukoshesa, uye kumanikidza Zvinyorwa zveBonde & Marital Therapy, 39, 394-409. doi: 10.1080 / 0092623.2012.710182[Taylor naFrancis Pamhepo], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]. Pakutanga, kumanikidzwa kwakawanda kana kungwarira zvaingoita husina kusimba kana kubatana ne hypersexuality (semuenzaniso, Carpenter et al., 2013 Muvezi, BN, Reid, RC, Garos, S., & Najavits, LM (2013). Unhu kusagadzikana kusagadzikana mukurapa-kutsvaga varume vane hypersexual kusagadzikana. Zvepabonde Kupindwa muropa & Kumanikidzwa, 20, 79-90. doi: 10.1080 / 10720162.2013.772873[Taylor naFrancis Pamhepo], [Google Scholar]; Reid & Muvezi, 2009 Reid, RC, & Muvezi, BN (2009). Kuongorora hukama hwepfungwa dzepfungwa mune varwere vane hutano hwevanhu vachishandisa MMPI-2. Zvinyorwa zveBonde & Marital Therapy, 35, 294-310. doi: 10.1080 / 00926230902851298[Taylor naFrancis Pamhepo], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]. Muchidzidzo chazvino, hukama hwakafanana hwakacherechedzwa nekuti kumanikidzwa kwakawanda (kubva pamaonero) zvakafanotaurwa zvakanyanya hypersexourse, asi ukuru hwesimba hwaive hwakadzikira.

Muchidzidzo chiripo, iyo shanu-chimiro chimiro chekushungurudzika (Billieux et al., 2012 Billieux, J., Rochat, L., Ceschi, G., Carré, A., Offerlin-Meyer, Ini, Defeldre, AC,… Van Der Linden, M. (2012). Kugadziriswa kweiyo pfupi yeFrance vhezheni yePSPS-P inokanganisa maitiro chiyero. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 53, 609-615. doi: 10.1016 / j.comppsych.2011.09.001[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Lynam et al., 2006 Lynam, DR, Smith, GT, Whiteside, SP, & Cyders, MA (2006). Iyo UPPS-P: Kuongorora hunhu shanu nzira dzekumanikidza maitiro. Technical report. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University. [Google Scholar]) yakaongororwa maererano nechinetso chekushandisa zvinonyadzisira uye hypersexuality. Nzvimbo shanu idzi - dzinoti, kushaya hanya kwakashata, kushingirira kwakasimba, kushaiwa kugadzirira, kushingirira, uye kutsvaga kwekutsvaga-zvaive zvakanaka asi zvisina hukama nezvedambudziko rekushandisa zvinonyadzisira uye zvine mwero uye zvine mwero kune hypersexourse, zvichiratidza hukama hwakaenderana pakati pezvinhu zveizvi kusanzwisisika uye zvinetso zvekushandisa zvinonyadzisira uye hypersexuality. Naizvozvo, uwandu hwese hwekushupika hwakashandiswa senge fungidziro yekufungidzira yekushandisa zvinonyadzisira uye hushamwari. Sezvingatarisirwa, kufambiswa kwaive kwakabatana nehutano hwekushandisa zvinonyadzisira uye hunhu. Nekudaro, iyo hukama hwehukama pakati pekushupika uye kunetseka kushandisa zvinonyadzisira kwaive kuri kushoma.

Tsananguro Dzingaitika dzeIshamwari Dzisina Kusimba Pakati Pakusimbisa, Kubvumirana, uye Dambudziko Rekuona Zvinonyadzisira

Zvinhu zvinoverengeka zvinogona kutsanangura kuti nei kushushikana nekumanikidzwa kuchingofungidzira zvishoma nezve huwandu hwekushandiswa kwezvekuona zvinonyadzisira nepo hushamwari hwaifungidzirwa zvine hunyanzvi nekufungidzirwa. Zvinogoneka kuti kukurudzira uye kumanikidzwa hazvina simba rakasimba pakushandisa zvinetso zvinonyadzisira asi zvine mhedzisiro yakasimba kuburikidza nekuyananisa kusiyanisa. Panyaya yekumanikidzwa, Reid et al. (2011 Reid, RC, Li, DS, Gilliland, R., Stein, JA, & Fong, T. (2011). Kuvimbika, kuvimbika, uye psychometric kuvandudza kweiyo porno yekushandisa kuverenga mune yemuenzaniso yevanhurume vanoita zvepabonde. Zvinyorwa zveBonde & Marital Therapy, 37, 359-385. doi: 10.1080 / 0092623.2011.607047[Taylor naFrancis Pamhepo], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]) yakawana kuti kukurumidza kuenda kwakabatana kwakaringana nehukama hwese hwekushandisa zvinonyadzisira. Kubva pazvinhu zvavo zvina zvinokurudzira, kudzivirira kwepamoyo kune hukama hwakasimba hwekusavimbika, nemufaro kutsvaga kuve wechipiri hwakasimba uye hwepabonde mafaro kuve echitatu akasimba, nepo kuda zvepabonde kuve neusina kusimba hukama nekusanyanyisa. Zvichibva pane izvi zvabuda, kusanzwisisa kwepfungwa kunogona kumiririra muyananisi pakati pekumanikidza uye zvinetso zvinoshandiswa mukuona zvinonyadzisira, kunyangwe kuongorora zvakananga nezve mukana uyu kuchidikanwa kusimbisa fungidziro.

Uyezve, iyo frequency yekushandiswa kwekuona zvinonyadzisira inogona kushandawo semurevereri pakati pekumanikidza uye zvinetso kushandisa zvinonyadzisira. Kune varume, kukurumidza kuwanikwa kwakawanikwa kuve kwakabatana nehukama hwekuona zvinonyadzisira; yevakadzi, yakanga isina hukama (Carroll et al., 2008 Carroll, JS, Padilla-Walker, LM, Nelson, LJ, Olson, CD, Barry, CM, & Madsen, SD (2008). Chizvarwa XXX kubvuma zvinonyadzisira uye kushandiswa pakati pevakuru vari kubuda Nyaya Yevana Vechiduku Ongororo, 23, 6-30. doi: 10.1177 / 0743558407306348[Crossref], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]). Sezvo varume vanowanzove nezvikamu zvepamusoro zvekushushikana (semuenzaniso, Chapple & Johnson, 2007 Chapple, CL, & Johnson, KA (2007). Kusiyana kwepabonde mukusagadzikana. Chisimba chevechidiki uye Kuruka kwevechidiki, 5, 221-234. doi: 10.1177 / 1541204007301286[Crossref], [Google Scholar]; Muchinjikwa, Kukopa, & Campbell, 2011 Muchinjikwa, CP, Kukopa, LT, & Campbell, A. (2011). Kusiyana pabonde mukusagadzikana: Meta-ongororo. Psychological Bulletin, 137, 97-130.[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Waldeck & Miller, 1997 Waldeck, TL, & Miller, LS (1997). Gender uye impulsivity misiyano mune rezinesi kushandisa zvinhu. Chinyorwa chekushungurudza zvinodhaka, 9, 269–275. doi:10.1016/S0899-3289(97)90021-3[Crossref], [PubMed], [Google Scholar]), inogona kuve yakafungidzirwa kuti iyi yakasimudza nhanho yekumanikidza inogona kutungamira kuwanda kwekushandiswa kwekushandisa zvinonyadzisira, izvo zvinoguma zvichitungamira kune dambudziko rekushandisa zvinonyadzisira (semuenzaniso, Brand et al., 2011 Brand, M., Laier, C., Pawlikowski, M., Schächtle, U., Schöler, T., & Altstötter-Gleich, C. (2011). Kuona zvinonyadzisira mifananidzo paInternet: Basa rekuita zvepabonde ratings uye zvepfungwa- Zviratidzo zvepfungwa zvekushandisa zvakanyanya nzvimbo dzebonde dzepainternet. Cyberpsychology, Maitiro, uye Social Networking, 14, 371-377. doi: 10.1089 / cyber.2010.0222[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Grubbs, Exline et al., 2015 Grubbs, JB, Exline, JJ, Pargament, KI, Hook, JN, & Carlisle, RD (2015). Kupinduka sekupindwa muropa: Kunamata uye kusaremekedza mutsika sevano fungidzira kuti vanoona kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44, 125–136. doi:10.1007/s10508-013-0257-z[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Grubbs, Volk et al., 2015 Grubbs, JB, Volk, F., Exline, JJ, & Pargament, KI (2015). Zvinonyadzisira zvepaInternet zvinoshandisa: Kuonekwa kupindwa muropa, kushushikana kwepfungwa, uye kugoneswa kwechiyero chipfupi. Zvinyorwa zveBonde & Marital Therapy, 41, 83-106. doi: 10.1080 / 0092623.2013.842192[Taylor naFrancis Pamhepo], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Dziri mbiri et al., 2009 Mbiri, MP, Crosby, JM, & Cox, JM (2009). Kuona internet zvinonyadzisira: Kunaani kune dambudziko, sei, uye nei? Zvepabonde Kupindwa muropa & Kumanikidzwa, 16, 253-266. doi: 10.1080 / 10720160903300788[Taylor naFrancis Pamhepo], [Google Scholar]. Kune vakadzi, kukurudzira hakuna hukama nehuwandu hwekushandisa zvinonyadzisira (Carroll et al., 2008 Carroll, JS, Padilla-Walker, LM, Nelson, LJ, Olson, CD, Barry, CM, & Madsen, SD (2008). Chizvarwa XXX kubvuma zvinonyadzisira uye kushandiswa pakati pevakuru vari kubuda Nyaya Yevana Vechiduku Ongororo, 23, 6-30. doi: 10.1177 / 0743558407306348[Crossref], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]); Naizvozvo, zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti kushushikana kwavo hakugone kuratidzira muhuwandu hwezvinonyadzisira zvinotungamira mukushungurudza zvinonyadzisira zvinoshandiswa, asi dambudziko rekushandisa zvinonyadzisira rinogona kukura nenzira dzakasiyana (semuenzaniso, Lewczuk, Szmyd, Skorko, & Gola, 2017 Lewczuk, K., Szmyd, J., Skorko, M., & Gola, M. (2017). Kurapa kutsvaga kwekunetseka zvinonyadzisira kunoshandiswa pakati pevakadzi. Nyaya Yezviito Zvokutadza, 6, 445-456. doi: 10.1556 / 2006.6.2017.063[Crossref], [PubMed], [Google Scholar]. Muna Egan naParmar's (2013 Egan, V., & Parmar, R. (2013). Tsvina tsika? kuona zvinonyadzisira paInternet, hunhu, kukoshesa, uye kumanikidza Zvinyorwa zveBonde & Marital Therapy, 39, 394-409. doi: 10.1080 / 0092623.2012.710182[Taylor naFrancis Pamhepo], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]) kudzidza, kusangana pakati pekumanikidza uye zvinetso kushandisa zvinonyadzisira kwakanamirwa nekupindwa muropa kwepabonde, kupindwa muropa neInternet, uye kupindwa muropa zvakanyanya. Naizvozvo, imwe nzira yekumiririra yakafanana inogona kuve yakafungidzirwa maererano nekudyidzana pakati pekumanikidzwa uye hypersexuality.

Saizvozvowo, kuzvigonesa kunogona kupindirana nehukama hunowanikwa pakati pekusagadzikana, kumanikidza, uye kunetsa kushandisa zvinonyadzisira. Mune zvidzidzo zvakapfuura (semuenzaniso, Kraus, Rosenberg, Martino, Nich, & Potenza, 2017; Kraus, Rosenberg, & Tompsett, 2015), kuzvigonesa mukudzora kushandiswa kwezvinonyadzisira nekuzvishingisa mukudzivirira mamiriro ezvinhu angave akaonekwa sezvakakosha zvinhu. mukuderedza kunetseka kwezvinonyadzisira kushandisa. Naizvozvo, mumwe anogona kufungidzira kuti vanhu vane huwandu hwakanyanya hwekusafunga kana kumanikidza vanogona kudzora zvishuwo zvavo nekuda kwenzvimbo yavo yepamusoro yekuzvikwanisa kudzivisa mamiriro anoedza, ayo anozoguma ave nematanho akaderera ezvinetso zvekushandisa zvinonyadzisira.

Zvakangodaro, zvinokwanisika kuti nhanho dzekusagadzikana uye kumanikidza muhukama nematambudziko ekuzvibata pabonde (senge zvinonetsa kushandisa zvinonyadzisira uye hupombwe) zvave kufungidzirwa. Zvinoenderana nevanoverengeka vevadzidzi (semuenzaniso, Conway, Kane, Bhora, Poling, & Rounsaville, 2003 Conway, KP, Kane, RJ, Bhora, SA, Poling, JC, & Rounsaville, BJ (2003). Hunhu, chinhu chesarudzo, uye polysubstance kubatanidzwa pakati pevarwere vanovimba nevarwere. Zvinodhaka uye Alcohol muropa nedoro, 71, 65–75. doi:10.1016/S0376-8716(03)00068-1[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Griffiths, 2017 Griffiths, MD (2017). Ngano ye 'hunhu hunopinza'. Global Zvinyorwa zveAddiction & Rehabilitation Mishonga, 3, 555610. doi: 10.19080 / GJARM.2017.03.555610[Crossref], [Google Scholar]; Kerr, 1996 Kerr, JS (1996). Nhema mbiri dzekupindwa muropa: Hunhu hwekupindwa muropa uye nyaya yekusununguka kwemahara. Psychopharmacology yevanhu, 11, S9-S14.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Szalavitz, 2016 Szalavitz, M. (2016). Uropi husina kubhuroka: Iyo inochinja nzira itsva yekunzwisisa kupindwa muropa. New York, NY: St. Martin's Press. [Google Scholar]), hapana hunhu humwe hunhu kana kuteedzera kwemaitiro kunogona kutungamira kune zvinetso maitiro kana kupindwa muropa. Matombo matatu emakona ekushambadzira kweinternet kushandisa (kusazivikanwa, kugona, uye kuwanikwa; Cooper, 1998 Cooper, A. (1998). Zvepabonde uye internet: Kutsvaga kupinda mune itsva milenia. CyberPsychology & Maitiro, 1, 187-193. doi: 10.1089 / cpb.1998.1.187[Crossref], [Google Scholar]) inogona kuumba mamiriro ezvinhu anoita kuti kuwedzerwa kushandiswa kwekuona zvinonyadzisira, uye izvi zvinogona zvakare kubatsira mukukudziridza kwedambudziko rekushandisa zvinonyadzisira. Kunyatsoongorora, kuyedza kuyedza kweaya matombo emakona kunogona kubatsira zvakanyanya kunzwisiswa kwedambudziko rekushandisa zvinonyadzisira. Uyezve, zvinhu zvine chekuita nemamiriro ezvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa vanhu mune yakapihwa nhanho yehupenyu, senge kusurukirwa (semuenzaniso, Bozoglan, Demirer, & Sahin, 2013 Bozoglan, B., Demirer, V., & Sahin, I. (2013). Kusurukirwa, kuzviremekedza, uye kugutsikana kwehupenyu sekufungidzira kweinternet kupindwa muropa: Muchinjikwa-chikamu chechikamu pakati pevadzidzi veyunivhesiti yeTurkey. Scandinavia Chinyorwa chePsychology, 54 (4), 313-319. doi: 10.1111 / sjop.12049[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Ceyhan & Ceyhan, 2008 Ceyhan, AA, & Ceyhan, E. (2008). Kusurukirwa, kushushikana, uye kugona kwemakomputa sevashandisi vekunetseka kwekushandisa internet. CyberPsychology & Maitiro, 11, 699-701. doi: 10.1089 / cpb.2007.0255[Crossref], [PubMed], [Google Scholar]) kana kunetseka kunonzwisisika (semuenzaniso, Grubbs, Volk, et al., 2015 Grubbs, JB, Volk, F., Exline, JJ, & Pargament, KI (2015). Zvinonyadzisira zvepaInternet zvinoshandisa: Kuonekwa kupindwa muropa, kushushikana kwepfungwa, uye kugoneswa kwechiyero chipfupi. Zvinyorwa zveBonde & Marital Therapy, 41, 83-106. doi: 10.1080 / 0092623.2013.842192[Taylor naFrancis Pamhepo], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Levin, Lillis, & Hayes, 2012 Levin, ME, Lillis, J., & Hayes, SC (2012). Ndeipi online zvinonyadzisira ichiona zvichinetsa pakati pevadzidzi vekoreji? Kuongorora chinzvimbo chekumisikidza chekuziva kudzivisa. Zvepabonde Kupindwa muropa & Kumanikidzwa, 19, 168-180. doi: 10.1080 / 10720162.2012.657150[Taylor naFrancis Pamhepo], [Google Scholar]; Paul & Shim, 2008 Paul, B., & Shim, JW (2008). Gender, zvepabonde zvinokanganisa, uye zvinokurudzira internet zvinonyadzisira kushandisa. Rondedzero Yenyika Dzese Dzepabonde, 20, 187-199. doi: 10.1080 / 19317610802240154[Taylor naFrancis Pamhepo], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Reid et al., 2011 Reid, RC, Li, DS, Gilliland, R., Stein, JA, & Fong, T. (2011). Kuvimbika, kuvimbika, uye psychometric kuvandudza kweiyo porno yekushandisa kuverenga mune yemuenzaniso yevanhurume vanoita zvepabonde. Zvinyorwa zveBonde & Marital Therapy, 37, 359-385. doi: 10.1080 / 0092623.2011.607047[Taylor naFrancis Pamhepo], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]), zvinogona zvakare kukanganisa huwandu hwehupamhi hunhu hwepamhepo maitiro akadai anonetsa kushandisa zvinonyadzisira. Chekupedzisira, zvinofanirawo kucherechedzwa kuti zvemagariro zvinhu zvakaita semirairo nemifambisirwo inokonzeresa kuwanika, kugona, uye kusazivikanwa kwezvinonyadzisira zvingazosimudzira kana kuvhiringidza kubuda kwezviitiko izvo umo (zvinetso kana zvisiri zvinobata) kushandisa zvinonyadzisira kungave nekukosha. psychosocial kukanganisa.

Zvidzidzo Zvenguva Yemberi uye Zvinogumira

Dzimwe nhanho dzinodiwa muzvidzidzo zvenguva yemberi izvo zvinogona kuongorora zvakananga maitiro evapinduri nekuremekedza zvakavanzika zvevanhu. Kuwanda kwekunetseka kwekushandisa zvinonyadzisira uye huwandu hwehupombwe hungave hwakadzikama kwenguva pfupi kana kuti hunogona kuchinja nekufamba kwenguva. Zvinogoneka kuti munhu anogona kushandisa kwenguva pfupi zvinonyadzisira zvakanyanya kana nenzira yakaoma, asi maitiro aya anogona kuchinja. Naizvozvo, zvidzidzo zvehurefu zvinodiwa kuti upindure mubvunzo wekugadzikana. Zvidzidzo zvenguva yemberi zvekuyedza zvine magadzirirwo akasimba anodikanwa kuti uone chinokonzeresa chinokonzeresa chekusiyana kwemunhu uye mamiriro ezvinhu mukusimudzira nekuchengetedza hupombwe uye chinetso chekushandisa zvinonyadzisira, senge pfungwa dzepabonde-seti zvitendero (Bőthe, Tóth-Király, Demetrovics, & Orosz, 2017 Bőthe, B., Tóth-Király, I., Demetrovics, Z., & Orosz, G. (2017). Basa rakatekeshera repfungwa dzebonde: Zvitendero nezvekukanganisika kwehupenyu hwepabonde zvakabatana nematanho epamusoro ehukama kugutsikana uye kugutsikana pabonde uye nhanho dzakaderera dzezvinetso zvinonyadzisa zvinoshandiswa. Unhu uye Kusiyana Kwevamwe, 117, 15-22. doi: 10.1016 / j.paid.2017.05.030[Crossref], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]), mubairo wekushomeka kwechirwere (Kuuya & Blum, 2000 Kuuya, DE, & Blum, K. (2000). Mubairo wekushomeka kwechirwere: Mageneti maitiro ehunhu hunhu. Kufambira mberi muhurongwa hweBongo, 126, 325–341. doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(00)26022-6[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Lochner et al., 2005 Lochner, C., Hemmings, SM, Kinnear, CJ, Niehaus, DJ, Nel, DG, Corfield, VA,… Stein, DJ (2005). Kuongororwa kwemasumbu kwekusagadzikana-kusimba kuwoneka kwevasingaoneki muvarwere vane obsessive-inomanikidzira kusagadzikana: Clinical uye genetic inogadzirisa. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 46, 14-19. doi: 10.1016 / j.comppsych.2004.07.020[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]), Kunetseka kunonzwisisika (Grubbs, Volk, Exline, & Pargament, 2015 Grubbs, JB, Volk, F., Exline, JJ, & Pargament, KI (2015). Zvinonyadzisira zvepaInternet zvinoshandisa: Kuonekwa kupindwa muropa, kushushikana kwepfungwa, uye kugoneswa kwechiyero chipfupi. Zvinyorwa zveBonde & Marital Therapy, 41, 83-106. doi: 10.1080 / 0092623.2013.842192[Taylor naFrancis Pamhepo], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]), kana zvakakosha zvepfungwa zvinodiwa (Tóth-Király, Morin, Bőthe, Orosz, & Rigó, 2018 Tóth-Király, I., Morin, AJ, Bőthe, B., Orosz, G., & Rigó, A. (2018). Kuongorora kuwanda kwehuwandu hwekuda kuzadzikiswa: bifactor inoongorora mamiriro eiyo equation modelling inomiririra. Structural Kuenzanisa Modelling: Iyo Multidisciplinary Journal, 25, 267-286. doi: 10.1080 / 10705511.2017.1374867[Taylor naFrancis Pamhepo], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]. Chekupedzisira, chinofanira kuchengetwa mundangariro kuti zvawanikwa zvakawanikwa muchidzidzo chiripo zvino zvinoenderana nezvimwe zvinetso zvepabonde (kureva., Zvinetso zvepamhepo zvinonyadzisira kushandisa uye hypersexourse). Kugadzira matanho anogona kuongorora nonproblematic maitiro ezvekushandisa zvinonyadzisira anogona kunge achibatsira mune kumwezve kuongorora. Kubatana kwakasimba pakati peWebhu saiti zvinonyadzisira-izvo zvinogona kupa hunhu hwemaitiro-uye nzanga yesainzi inogona kubatsira mukupa fungidziro yekuita kwematanho ane hukama. Zvidzidzo zvenguva yemberi zvinofanirwa kutarisa nezvekudzivirira uye kupindira izvo zvinosimbisa kwete chete-zvakabikwa zvakajeka zvakasiyana asiwo zvemagariro uye mamiriro ezvinhu ane chekuita nekuvandudzwa uye kuchengetedza maitiro ane hukama hwepabonde.

Zvimwe zvinogumira pakufunda kwazvino zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa. Iko kushandiswa kwekuzvisarudzira nzira yekuchinjika-nzira vane mukana wekutsvagisa unofanirwa kutariswa kana uchidudzira zvakawanikwa. Uyezve, causality haigoni kukanganiswa kubva pane zvazvino-chikamu chikamu chakawanikwa. Iko kufanana kwemukati kwekumanikidzwa kwekubhadharira kweCCID-II kwaive kusakwana; saka, zvinogoneka kuti yakaderera mwero yekubatana kwemukati inogona kunge yakanganisa zviwanikwa. Uye zvakare, kuzviremedza pachako kwakadudzirwa kunoongororwa nenzira dzeSCID-II. Dzimwe miedzo yekumanikidza (semuenzaniso, kuburikidza nePadua Inventory kana kumwe kuongorora; Andrews et al., 2011 Andrews, MM, Meda, SA, Thomas, AD, Potenza, MN, Krystal, JH, Worhunsky, P.,… Pearlson, GD (2011). Nhoroondo yemhuri yakasarudzika yakanakira kudhakwa inoratidza inoshanda mashiripiti resonance kufungidzira misiyano yekunzwa kwemubayiro zvinoenderana nezvisingaiti zvezvinhu. Biological Psychiatry, 69, 675-683. doi: 10.1016 / j.biopsych.2010.09.049[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Scherrer, Xian, Slutske, Eisen, & Potenza, 2015 Scherrer, JF, Xian, H., Slutske, WS, Eisen, SA, & Potenza, MN (2015). Kushamwaridzana pakati pekunyanyisa-kumanikidza makirasi uye pathological kubhejera mune yenyika cohort yemurume mapatya. JAMA Psychiatry, 72, 342-349. doi: 10.1001 / jamapsychionze.2014.2497[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]) vanogona kunge vakabereka zvakasiyana. Kunetseka kwakadai kuripo maererano nePSPS-P uye zvimwe zvekuzvirevera matanho ekumanikidza. Uye zvakare, nekuti self-mushumo nhanho dzinosiyana nemaitiro maitiro evanoumba (semuenzaniso, Krishnan-Sarin et al., 2007 Krishnan-Sarin, S., Reynolds, B., Duhig, AM, Smith, A., Liss, T., McFetridge, A.,… Potenza, MN (2007). Kuzvibata kunofungidzira kurapwa kwechirongwa chekuputa kurasa kwevanosvuta vechidiki. Zvinodhaka uye Alcohol muropa nedoro, 88, 79-82. doi: 10.1016 / j.drugalcdep.2006.09.006[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]), zvakakosha kuti zvidzidzo zvenguva yemberi zviongorore maitiro ese uye maitiro ekuzvitaurira zvine chekuita ne hypothesized fungidziro yeakapihwa maitiro (semuenzaniso, kushandisa cued go / hapana-enda basa [Fillmore, 2003 Fillmore, MT (2003). Kushungurudzwa kwezvinodhaka sedambudziko rekutadza kukanganisika: Maitiro azvino uye zviwanikwa. Kuve Nekuziva uye Kuziva Neuroscience Ongororo, 2, 179-197. doi: 10.1177 / 1534582303257007[Crossref], [PubMed], [Google Scholar]] kana chinomira chiratidzo basa [Logan, 1994 Logan, GD (1994). Pakukwanisa kudzivisa kufunga uye kuita: Yevashandisi 'gwara kune inomira chiratidzo paradigm. Muna D. Dagenbach & TH Carr (Eds.), Inhibitory process mukutarisira, ndangariro, uye mutauro (pp. 189-239). San Diego, CA: Academic Press. [Google Scholar]] nechiyero chakazvirondedzera pachako mune kushungurudzika [Ding et al., 2014 Ding, WN, Zuva, JH, Zuva, YW, Chen, X., Zhou, Y., Zhuang, ZG,… du, YS (2014). Trait impulsivity uye inokamadzika yekutanga kusimudzira inhibition basa muhudiki nehutachiona hwemitambo kupindwa muropa kunoratidzwa neGo / No-Go fMRI kudzidza. Kuzvibata uye Brain Mabasa, 10(1), 20. doi:10.1186/1744-9081-10-20[Crossref], [PubMed], [Google Scholar]]). Izvo zvichave zvakakosha kuti panguva imwechete kuongorora maitiro pachezvayo (semuenzaniso, huwandu chaihwo hwekushandisa zvinonyadzisira uchishandisa nzira yekutsvaga-yekubatira mukubatana nevanoona zvinonyadzisira Webhu saiti vashandi seizvo zvave zvichiitwa mune dzimwe ndima dzakadai sekubhejera; Griffiths, 2014 Griffiths, MD (2014). Kushandiswa kwemaitiro ekutevera nzira mukudzidzira kwe online kubhejera. SAGE Nzira dzekutsvagisa Nyaya. doi: 10.4135 / 978144627305013517480[Crossref], [Google Scholar]).

Mhedziso uye Maitiro

Muhuwandu, kushurikidza uye kumanikidzwa hazvina kubatsira zvakanyanya uye zvakanangana nekunetseka kune dambudziko rekushandisa zvinonyadzisira sekufungidzirwa kwazvakaitwa mumabhuku, uye kukurumidza kuenda kunogona kutora chinzvimbo chakatanhamara muhunyanzvi. Uyezve, izvi zvabuda zvine zvirevo zvinoverengeka uye zvekutsvaga. Kutanga, nyaya dzinoverengeka dzinomuka maererano nekugadziriswa kwekushandisa zvinonyadzisira. Imwe nyaya ndeyekuti kushandisa dambudziko rekuona zvinonyadzisira kungaonekwa sechikamu chehorosheni kana hukama nekumanikidza uye kumanikidzwa kwanga kusati kwakasimba sekurebesa. Nyaya yechipiri - ingave ine chekuita nekugadziriswa kwekushandiswa kwezvekuona zvinonyadzisira pasi peamburera yehu hypersexourse - ndeyekushandisa zvinonyadzisira zvinonetsa sei (uye kunyanya zvine dambudziko online kushandisa zvinonyadzisira) 2016 Griffiths, MD (2016). Kumanikidzwa kwepabonde kuita sekupindwa muropa nehunhu: Iko kukanganisa kweinternet uye dzimwe nyaya. kujairira, 111, 2107-2108. doi: 10.1111 / Wedzera.13315[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Kraus et al., 2016 Kraus, SW, Voon, V., & Potenza, MN (2016). Kuita zvekumanikidzira kuita bonde kunofungidzirwa kupindwa muropa here? kujairira, 111, 2097- 2106. doi: 10.1111 / Wedzera.13297[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Potenza et al., 2017 Potenza, MN, Gola, M., Voon, V., Kor, A., & Kraus, SW (2017). Kuita zvepabonde zvakawandisa chirwere chekupindwa muropa here? The Lancet Psychiatry, 4, 663–664. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30316-4[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]).

Kubva pamaonero ekutsvagira, maitiro anozvirondedzerwa anogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakasimba pane zvinetso zvebonde kuburikidza nekuyananisa zvinorehwa zvakadai sekusimudzira, mafambisirwo uye nguva inopedzerwa chiitiko, kushushikana zvine chekuita nezvinodiwa nepfungwa, zvinotenda nezvekuremara kwemabasa akapihwa, chinyorwa- zvinotarisirwa kuzvishandira-zvinobudirira zvitendero, uye / kana zvimwe zvinhu. Yese mikana iyi inogonesa kuongororwa zvakananga. Uyezve, zvakakosha kuti utarise hunhu hwakaomarara hwekupindwa muropa. Zvikurukuru, zvinogona kuti chikamu chakaomarara chehunhu, zvimwe zvinopesana zvakasiyana, uye zvemagariro uye mamiriro ezvinhu zvinotungamira mukukudziridzwa uye kuchengetedza kwezvibodzwa zvine hunhu maitiro uye izvi zvinogona kusiana zvichienderana nerudzi rwe zvinetso zvepabonde maitiro. Kuwedzera kutsvaga kunodiwa kuti unzwisise zvinhu zvine chekuita nezvematambudziko ezvepabonde maitiro uye kududzira zvinhu zvacho mukuvandudzwa kudzivirira, kurapwa, uye nheyo zvirongwa.

Kurwisana kwezvaunofarira

Vanyori vacho vanotaura kuti hapana kupokana kwekufarira maererano nezviri mugwaro iri. Dr. Potenza akabvunza uye nekupa zano Rivermend Health, Opiant / Lightlake Therapeutics, uye Jazz Pharmaceuticals; akagamuchira rutsigiro rwekutsvagisa (kuna Yale) kubva kuMogangan Sino Casino uye National Center yeMutoro Wekutamba mitambo; rakabvunzwa nezvepamutemo uye kubhejera masangano pazvinhu zvine chekuita nekumanikidza kudzora uye maitiro ekupindwa muropa. Iwo vamwe vanyori vanotaura kuti hapana hukama hwemari nezvido zvevatengesi.

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