J Behav Addict. 2018 Nov 14: 1-3. doi: 10.1556 / 2006.7.2018.110.
inahaneloang
Mathata a lipapali tsa inthanete a tsejoa e le taba e ncha ea bophelo bo botle. Hajoale, re na le kholo e potlakileng ea tsebo ka likarolo tse fapaneng tsa lefu lena, joalo ka, mohlala, sekhahla sa ho ata, metheo ea methapo ea pelo le maano a kalafo. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho thibela batho ka bomong ho ba le bothata ba ho bapala Inthaneteng ke taba e so tsoeleng pele hantle. Leha re ka bua feela ka mehato le mekhoa e tsejoang e le e atlehang ho thibela mekhoa e meng e lemalloang, litlhoko tse ikhethang tsa ho thibela bothata ba lipapali tsa inthanete li lula li patiloe kapa li sa tsotelloe. Liketso tsa leano tse khethiloeng tlhahlobisong ea Király et al. (2018) bonts'a mekhoa ea pele ea thibelo e se e qaliloe empa, ka lehlakoreng le leng, e supa hape hore lipatlisiso tse matla mabapi le ho khonahala le katleho ea tsona li hloka ntlafatso.
LITLHAKISO: Bothata ba lipapali tsa inthanete; phokotso ea likotsi; leano; thibelo
PMID: 30427215
Mabaka a Matle a ho Nka Khato
Lintlha tse ngata tsa lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng li bontšitse hore ho bapala lipapali tsa k'homphieutha ho ka felloa ke taolo. Maemong a mabe ka ho fetesisa, ketsahalo e bitsoang ho bapala papali ea marang-rang e ka lebisa ho senyeha hoa ts'ebetso le matšoao a psychopathological ho kenyelletsa le nts'etsopele ea mathata a kelello. Patlisiso e hatetse pele likarolong tse 'maloa nakong ea ho phahama ha bothata ba lipapali tsa inthanete. Re tseba ho hongata ka likarolo tsa eona tsa lefu la seoa, leha ho tsebahala hore litekanyetso tsa tlhaselo li fapana haholo, mohlomong e le ka lebaka la mekhoa e fapaneng ea mohlala (mohlala, Ferguson, Coulson, & Barnett, 2011). Re na le leseli le tebileng la likarolo tsa neurobiological le neuropsychological tsa ts'ebeliso ea papali ea marang-rang, ho bonts'a ts'ebetso ea meputso e senyehileng ho bakuli le tlhokomeliso e matla ea khothatso (mohlala, Kuss le Griffiths, 2012). Re bile re na le tlhaiso-leseling e itseng mabapi le ho nepahala le ho khoneha ha maano a kalafo bakeng sa bothateng bona bo bocha (mohlala, King et al., 2017). Leha ho le joalo, se haellang ke mehopolo le lintlha tse tiileng tsa ho thibela bacha le batho ba baholo ho ba le bothata ba ho bapala Inthaneteng. Ka tsela eo, thuto ea Király et al. (2018) e fana ka setšoantšo se akaretsang mabapi le maano a seng a ntse a le teng 'me ka nako e ts'oanang a re bonts'a tsebo e teng hona joale ea rona e fokolang ea maano a thibelo ea thibelo.
Le ha e le ka pono e pharalletseng, ke hore, thibelo hangata e ipapisitse le maano a mangata (mohlala, mananeo a sekolo, mekhoa ea thuto, jj.), Thuto ea Király et al. (2018) e shebisisa ka kotloloho liketso tse seng li ntse li le teng tsa mmuso. Ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho ikhethang hoa utloahala ka lebaka la ho rarahana ha taba e boletsoeng ka holimo. Phumano, eo re e tsebang ho thibela ts'ebeliso ea bokoali le ho nka karolo ha papali ea papali ea chelete, e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa mona.
Tlhahlobo ea Pele: Ho ba teng ka moeli
Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe kaholimo, phumaneho e tlameha ho ananeloa e le lebaka le le leng la mantlha la ho thibela boits'oaro bo itseng bo sa sebetseng (mohlala, ts'ebeliso ea nikotine, tšebeliso ea joala le ho nka karolo ho papali ea chelete). Ntle le pelaelo, ho thibela ho fumaneha ha ho fane ka tharollo e felletseng ea bothata bona, empa motho a ka e nka e le sekoto se le seng sa jigsaw. E tsoa lingoliloeng, Király et al. (2018) thathamisa mehato e meraro e meholo ea ho fokotsa ho ba teng (ho koala, ho koala le ho tepella) le mokhoa o le mong o tobileng o thusang taolo ea botsoali e kholo.
Ho sitisa motho ho fumana lipapali tsa k'homphieutha ea nako e itseng ka nako e itseng ho bonahala e le mokhoa o motle. Phihlelo ea tleleniki e bontša hore batho ba seng ba le haufi le ho ba le mekhoa ea ho bapala papali ea mathata ba tloaetse ho eketsa lipapali ho fihlela li se li le sieo. Ha e le hantle, liperesente tse ngata tsa bakuli ba kalafo ba bontša morethetho o hlephileng oa circadian le litlamorao tse amanang le ona, tse kang mokhathala, mathata a ho tsepamisa maikutlo le boroko ba letsatsi (Müller, Beutel, le Wölfling, 2014). Lintlha tsena li netefalitsoe ke lipatlisiso tse thehiloeng ho baahi (Cheung & Wong, 2011; Griffiths, Davies, & Chappell, 2004). Kahoo, ho tsoa ho sebopeho sa theoretical, litlamorao tseo li tlatsetsa tahlehelong e tsoelang pele ea ts'ebetso ea kelello le e ka bang lebaka la ho boloka pherekano ea lipapali tsa inthanete kamora nako e telele. Ka ho fetisisa, tlhaiso-leseling e bonts'a hore le har'a bacha ba sa angoeng ke ts'ebeliso ea lipapali tsa inthanete, lipapali tsa mantsiboea li tsamaisana le ho phela hantle le maemo a phahameng a khatello ea maikutlo (Lemola et al., 2011). Kahoo, hoa utloahala ho nka mehato ea ho sireletsa boroko ba bacha ka ho hlalosetsa nako ea lipapali tsa k'homphieutha bosiu.
Leha ho le joalo, lintlha tse fumanoeng ke Király et al. (2018) li isa maemong a nyahamisang. Le ha papali ea chelete ka mor'a khitla e fokotsehile har'a bacha, nako e sebelisitsoeng hangata ho bapala lipapali ha ea ka ea fetoha haholo. Leha ho le joalo, boiphihlelo ba tlhaiso-leseling bo fumanehang bo bonts'a tlhokahalo e potlakileng ea ho bontša cheseho e kholo ho hlahloba mananeo a joalo. Maano a nkiloeng ka mohopolo le maano a teng a ka sebelisoang tikolohong a ts'episa batho ba tla etsa lipatlisiso. Ehlile, hona ke ntlha eo mohato oa mmuso o bang oa bohlokoa ka tsela ea bobeli. Tlhahlobo e hlakileng ea mananeo a thibelo a hloka bokhoni ba lichelete. Bakeng sa ho qoba likhohlano tsa lithahasello le ho boloka ts'ebetso e ntle ea mahlale, lithuso tsa mmuso li hlokahala ho ts'ehetsa lipatlisiso tsa matla mona.
Thibelo ea ho nahanisisa hape: Phokotso ea Kotsi
Taba ea phokotso ea likotsi e ikemiselitse ho fokotsa liphihlelo tse mpe tse bakoang ke boitšoaro bo bobe ho e-na le ho thibela kapa ho fokotsa boitšoaro ka bo bona. Ka hona e ka nkuoa e le mokhoa o rarahaneng haholo-holo mabapi le litlhoko tse ikhethang tsa papali ea lipapali tsa khomphutha le mathata a lipapali tsa inthanete. Joalokaha bohle re tseba, ho bile le lipuisano tse matla mabapi le hore na sechaba se lokela ho sebetsana le ntho ena e ncha joang. Ho na le ho hloka kutloano ho itseng haeba papali ea likhomphutha e tlameha ho nloa e le mokhoa oa bophelo o sa lokelang ho ba le mathata kapa haeba papali ea likhomphutha e ka hlahisa menyetla e tlatsetsang ho batho ba tlokotsing mme e be sesosa sa mahlomola (mohlala, Aarseth et al., 2017; Billieux et al., 2017; Griffiths, Kuss, Lopez-Fernandez, le Pontes, 2017; Király & Demetrovics, 2017; Müller le Wölfling, 2017). Kahoo, ho ka ba le papali e ntle lipakeng tsa ngangisano ea hore ho bapala lipapali tsa khomphutha ha ho kotsi empa ho na le monyetla oa sejoale-joale oa ho fihlela tsebo e itseng le mohopolo oa phokotso ea likotsi. Leha ho le joalo, maano a nepahetseng ka kotloloho bakeng sa phokotso ea kotsi lipapaling tse thata tsa k'homphieutha ha a so ka a ntlafatsoa kapa ho lekoa ka ho lekana. Boithuto ba Király et al. (2018) o thathamisa likarolo tse tharo le menyetla mabapi le seo: (a) melaetsa ea temoso, haholo-holo e hlahang e le karolo ea papali ka boeona; (b) lekanya lipapali ka "ho lemalla" monyetla; le (c) ho fokotsa matla a ho lemalla a lipapali tse ling.
Tlhahiso ea pele e bonahala e le ntho e ka khonehang le ea tlhaho ebile ha ho makatse, e seng e le karolo ea lipapali tse ling tsa khomphutha. Leha ho le joalo, potso ea sala hore na melaetsa e joalo e na le phello efe sebopeho sa sebapali kapa maikutlo a hae mabapi le boitšoaro. Lintlha tse qapiloeng ke meralo ea liteko li ka hlakisa potso ena empa ha li fumanehe hajoale.
Karolo ea bobeli, ho hlahisa sekhahla se ikhethileng sa tahi bakeng sa lipapali tsa komporo ke se ts'episang, leha ho le joalo, le phae leholimong. Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe ke Király et al. (2018), ho qalile liteko tse tšoanang Hungary le Jeremane bakeng sa lihlahisoa tsa papali ea chelete. Jeremane, ts'ebetso ena e ne e le leeto le lelelele ka mabaka a mangata. Ho buisana ka menyetla ea ho ba le mokhoa o joalo oa litekanyetso bakeng sa lipapali tsa k'homphieutha ho sa tsoa qalisoa Jeremane empa hape leetong leo e ntse e tla ba ntho e tenang (Rumpf et al., 2017). Ntle ho pelaelo, ho ba le sistimi e mamellang bokhoba ba tahi e ka ba molemo o moholo. Patlisiso mabapi le lintlha tse ikarabellang bakeng sa ho baka boikitlaetso bo fetelletseng ho sebapali, bo ka lebisang tahlehelong ea taolo, mme bothata ba lipapali tsa inthanete ke ntho ea bohlokoa bakeng sa eona. Le ha ho na le tlhaiso-leseling e mabapi le sehlooho sena e fumanehang, hajoale re hole le ho ba le setšoantšo se hlakileng sa likarolo tsena. Mohlala, rea tseba hore linako tse ling tsa matlafatso le lintlha tse ikhethileng tsa moralo (mohlala, maano a ho etsa chelete; Dreier et al., 2017; Morena, Delfabbro, & Griffiths, 2011) bonahala eka o bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ha o sebelisa papali. Leha ho le joalo, tsebo ea rona e tebileng ka taba ena e ntse e haella. Hape, ho hlokahala lipatlisiso tse eketsehileng.
Ka lona lebaka le tšoanang, ho thata ho hakanya menyetla ea rona ea ho fokotsa menyetla ea lipapali tsa likhomphutha, kaha sena se ka hloka ho tseba lintlha tse qaqileng ka lintlha tsena. Ntle le moo, potso e sala haeba ehlile e le tsona lintlha tse ntlafatsang thabo ea papali e ka bang ka lehlakoreng le leng le ikarabellang bakeng sa papali ea matla. Hajoale, re ke ke ra fana ka karabo ea potso eo mme tlhokeho ea lipatlisiso tse matla e ea bonahala hape.
Menahano e Meng ea Mehato e Latelang
Liphihlelo tsa rona tse tsoang mathateng a ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi le bothata ba papali ea chelete li rutile hore thibelo ke taba e rarahaneng e hlokang litšenyehelo tsa lichelete le mekhoa e utloahalang ea mahlale ea ho lekola ho sebetsa ha eona. Mokhoa, ke phephetso e kholo ho bonts'a hore na leano le itseng la thibelo le sebetsa joang. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, ho bohlokoa haholo ho tobana le liphephetso tsa bothata ba lipapali tsa inthanete eseng feela ka ho lekola le ho kenya tšebetsong mananeo a kalafo a ikhethileng empa hape le ka ho ba le maano a thibelo a sebetsang le a ikhethang le maano a ho kenella kapele. Joalokaha ho boletsoe pejana, hoa utloahala ho nahana hore ke tšebelisano lipakeng tsa likarolo tse itseng tsa papali le litsobotsi tsa sebapali (mohlala, lisosa tsa kotsi ka bomong) tse khothalletsang ts'ebeliso e nang le mathata le bothata ba papali ea inthanete. Bakeng sa ho khetholla batho ba tloaetseng ho ba le litlamorao tse mpe tsa papali ea komporo, ho tla hlokahala lithuto tse tlang. Leha ho le joalo, tlhahlobisong e hlophisitsoeng ea haufinyane ea lingoliloeng tse teng, Mihara le Higuchi (2017) e lemohile feela lipatlisiso tse tlang ho ba 13 tse nang le boleng bo lekaneng ba mokhoa. Setsi sa polokelo se pharaletseng se ka thusa haholo molemong oa thibelo ea khetho.
Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, re tla tlameha ho nka ka botebo litlamorao tsa maano a ho fokotsa likotsi nakong e tlang. Ho leka ho fokotsa litlamorao tse kotsi tse bakoang ke papali ea likhomphutha ho bonahala e le mohato o nahannoeng hantle, ebile o na le moelelo oa ho thibela tšitiso ea lipapali tsa inthanete. Leha ho le joalo, ha re tsebe hore na boiteko bona bo bile le melemo e mengata hamorao. Hape, datha tse tlang ho ba teng lia hlokahala empa lia lahleha.
Tlatsetso ea mongoli
KWM e ikarabella bakeng sa moralo, mohopolo, le mofuta oa ho qetela oa buka e ngotsoeng ka letsoho
Khohlano ea thahasello
Sengoli ha se phatlalatse hore ha ho na likhohlano tsa phaello.
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