Ts'ebeliso ea mecha ea litaba nakong ea bohlankana: likhothaletso tsa Mokhatlo oa Matsoho oa Mataliana (2019)

Background

Ts'ebeliso ea sesebelisoa sa mecha ea litaba, e kang smartphone le tablet, e ntse e eketseha hajoale, haholoholo hara ba banyenyane. Bacha ba qeta nako e eketsehileng le bona ba sebelisa li-smartphones ho buisana le sechaba, haholo-holo Facebook, Instagram le Twitter hobane. Bacha hangata ba utloa ho hlokahala hore ba sebelise sesebelisoa sa media e le mokhoa oa ho iketsetsa lebitso le ho itlhalosa. Bakeng sa bana ba bang, ho ba le smartphone ho qala le ho feta ha ba le lilemo li 7, ho latela litsebi tsa polokeho ea inthanete.

Lintho tse bonahalang le mekhoa

Re ile ra hlahloba bopaki mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea mecha ea litaba le litlamorao tsa eona bohlankana.

Results

Litlolong, ho sebelisoa ha li-smartphones le matlapa ho ka ba le tšusumetso e mpe kholong ea kelello ea mocha, joalo ka ho ithuta, ho robala le ho feheloa. Ho feta moo, botenya, tšitiso, tšebeliso ea maikutlo, cyberbullism le Hikikomori phenomena li hlalosoa ho bacha ba sebelisang sesebelisoa sa media khafetsa. Mokhatlo oa Matsoho oa Mataliana o fana ka likhothaletso tse ikemiselitseng molemong oa malapa le lingaka ho qoba litlamorao tse mpe.

Nahanisisa

Ka bobeli batsoali le baoki ba lokela ho hlokomela ketsahalo e atileng ea tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa media har'a bacha 'me ba leke ho qoba litlamorao tsa psychophysical ho e monyane.

Ts'ebeliso ea sesebelisoa sa media, haholo-holo li-programme tse kenang, ho kenyelletsa le marang-rang a sechaba le lipapali tsa video, e ntse e eketseha haholo bongoaneng [1].

Nahana ka marang-rang a sechaba, Facebook ke sethala se sebelisoang haholo se nang le basebelisi ba limilione tse likete tse 2.4 lefatšeng ka bophara se lateloang ke Instagram le Twitter [2].

Haholo, hara bacha, lilemo tsa ts'ebeliso ea pele ea marang-rang a marang-rang li theohela ho lilemo tse 12 ho isa ho tse 13 ka lebaka la tlhoko ea ho e sebelisa e le mokhoa oa ho theha boits'oaro ba batho 'me ba itlhalose [2] [3].

Ho latela ISTAT, bacha ba 85.8% ba lilemong tsa bocha ba lilemo tse 11 ho isa ho tse 17 ba na le phihlello ea li-smartphones, mme ba fetang 72% ba fihlella inthanete ka li-smartphones. Banana ba bangata (85.7%) ba sebelisa li-smartphone ha ba bapisoa le bashanyana [4]. Ho feta moo, liphuputso tsa morao-rao li tlalehile hore bacha ba mashome a supileng a metso e robeli ba lilemong tsa bocha ba sebelisa liwebsaete tseo batho ba etsang metsoalle ho tsona, ba etsang liphesente tse 76 tsa bona ba sebelisang li-network tse fetang e le 'ngoe [5]. Hoo e batlang e le halofo ea bacha ba lula ba le inthaneteng [6].

Khokahano ea inthaneteng, thuto le boithabiso li ntse li tsoela pele ka inthanete. Europe, tlhahlobo ea Eurostat e bonts'itse kholo e kholo ea phihlello ea inthanete ho tloha ho 55% ka 2007 ho ea ho 86% ka 2018, le phihlello ea inthanete ka sesebelisoa sa mohala ho tloha ho 36% ka 2012 ho isa ho 59% ka 2016 [7, 8].

Ha ho nahanoa ka data ea lefats'e ka bophara, palo ea basebelisi ba li-smartphone e hakanyetsoa ho fihla ho basebelisi ba limilione tse likete tse 2.87 ka 2020 [9].

Ntle le moo, ts'ebeliso ea mathata a marang-rang e hlile e nkuoa e le taba ea bohlokoa sechabeng ea batho ba nang le ts'oaetso tse joalo ka lihlopha tse kang bacha. Mohlala, lithuto tsa Chaena le Japane li tlaleha hore bacha ba 7.9 ho isa ho 12.2% e ne e le basebelisi ba marang-rang ba nang le bothata [10, 11]. India, tšoaetso e phahame le ho feta, e fihla ho 21% ka lihlopha tse tlokotsing [12].

Naheng ea Italy ho na le data e fokolang mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea mecha ea phatlalatso bongoaneng [4, 13, 14].

Phuputso e bontšitse hore bacha ba 75% ba sebelisa li-smartphone nakong ea mesebetsi ea sekolo mme ba 98% ba e sebelisa har'a mp'a bosiu. Bacha ba bangata ba robala le li-smartphone tsa bona tlas'a mosamo (45%) mme ba hlahloba li-smartphone bosiu (60%). Ho feta moo, 57% ea bona e sebelisa li-smartphone nakong ea metsotso e leshome ho tloha ho tsoha mme ba 80% ba robala ba tšoere smartphone ea bona [14].

Sepheo sa

Sepheo sa thuto ke ho hlalosa bopaki bo mabapi le tšebeliso ea mecha ea litaba le litlamorao tsa eona ho bacha.

Molemong oa thuto re ithutile liphetho tse ntle le tse mpe tsa ts'ebeliso ea mecha ea phatlalatso ho bacha, ho nahana ka mathata a amanang le bophelo bo botle, ho fana ka likhothaletso tsa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebeliso le ho fokotsa litlamorao tse mpe. Morero oa ho batla o kenyelletsa tlhahlobo e hlophisehileng ea lingoliloeng tsa mahlale tse hlophisitsoeng tse phatlalalitsoeng ho tloha ka Pherekhong 2000 ho isa ka Pherekhong 2019 o sebelisa Lintho tse Ikhethileng tsa Boitsebiso bakeng sa Tlhahlobo le Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Ho ile ha etsoa patlisiso e batsi ea lingoliloeng tsa MEDLINE / PubMed, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINHAL). Algorithm ea ho batla e ne e thehiloe ho kopanya mantsoe a latelang: ts'ebeliso ea media, ts'ebelisano ea sechaba, lipapali tsa video, bongoana, bohlankana, lelapa, batsoali, smartphone, marang-rang, ho ithuta, ho robala, ho bona, ho lemalla, mesifa, ho sitisoa, hikikomori, ho itokolla sechabeng. , cyberbullying, likarolo tse ntle, likarolo tse mpe. Ha ho thibelo ea puo e ileng ea sebelisoa.

Ithuta

Marang-rang le li-smartphone li ka amana le litlamorao tsa ho ithuta, joalo ka sephetho se tlase sa thuto, ho tsepamisa mohopolo le ho lieha [15,16,17].

Ts'ebeliso ea mathata a smartphone (PSU) e hokahana le mokhoa o ka holimo oa ho ithuta ho feta ho atamela ka botebo [18]. Har'a litlamorao tse mpe tsa ho ba haufi le maemo, khafetsa ke: ho theoloa hoa bokhoni, tsebo ea mokhatlo, monahano le kutloisiso ea leseli [19, 20]. Ho feta moo, baithuti ba nang le mokhoa oa ho ithuta ba ikemiseditse ho etsa feela se hlokahalang ho ithuta, ba fihlela litholoana tse sa khotsofatseng ho feta barutoana ba tebileng [15, 21,22,23,24].

boroko bo

Ho latela tlhahlobo ea morao-rao ea lingoliloeng, ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa media nakong ea ho robala e etsahala khafetsa: bana ba mashome a mabeli a mabeli a metso e robeli le ba 72% ba lilemong tsa bocha ba na le sesebelisoa se le seng sa media ka phapusing [25]. Tšebeliso ea smartphone ea pele ho boroko e tlalehiloe e sitisa nako ea ho robala le boleng ba [26, 27].

Ho feta moo, mathata a mangata a bophelo bo botle a hlalositsoe mabapi le boleng bo bobe ba ho robala: likotsi tsa tšebeliso ea joala, khatello ea maikutlo, lefu la mahlo, ho tepella hoa 'mele, ho hloka taolo-leseling le ho eketseha habonolo ha sefuba le feberu [28,29,30,31,32,33].

Lerumo la circadian le ka ba le tšusumetso e mpe ho ts'ebeliso ea tšebeliso ea smartphone pele ho boroko, e lebisang borokong bo sa lekaneng: ho eketsa boroko, ho tsosa le ho fokotsa nako ea ho robala ke hoo e ka bang 6.5 h ka matsatsi a beke [34,35,36].

Maqhubu a motlakase a nang le motlakase le mabone a li-smartphones a khanyang a ka baka tsitsipano e kang bohloko ba mesifa kapa hlooho [37,38,39].

Ntle le moo, lipatlisiso tsa morao-rao li bontšitse hore boleng bo sa lekaneng ba ho robala kapa ho robala bo amana le maemo a metabolic a kang lefu la tsoekere le lefu la pelo kapa mathata a kelello a kang khatello ea maikutlo kapa tlhekefetso ea lithethefatsi [40, 41].

Palo ea bacha ba nang le nako ea ho robala e khuts'oanyane ho feta e khothalelitsoeng ke nako ea ho robala ea Mokhatlo oa Boroko oa Naha e eketsehile, haholoholo ho banana (45.5% vs 39.6% ho bashanyana) [42].

Kamora nako, lihora tse 5 kapa ho feta tsa ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa media li amana le kotsi e kholo ea mathata a ho robala ha a bapisoa le tšebeliso ea h 1 letsatsi le letsatsi [43].

Sheba

Ts'ebeliso e eketsehileng ea li-smartphones e ka baka mathata a ocular a kang lefu la mahlo le omeletseng (DED), ho tepella mahlo le ho tepella, maikutlo a tukang, ente ea conjunctival, fokotseha hoa pono ea kelello, khatello, ho tepella ho feteletseng ho fumanoeng komello ea esotropia (AACE) le ho putlama ha macular [44, 45].

Nakong ea ts'ebeliso ea li-smartphone ho na le phokotso ea sekhahla sa blink ho 5-6 / min e khothalletsang mouoane oa meokho le bolulo, e lebisang ho DED [46,47,48]. Ka lehlohonolo, ho emisoa ha libeke tse 4 ka tšebeliso ea li-smartphone ho ka lebisa ntlafatsong ea kliniki ho bakuli ba DED [49].

Ha e le AACE, sebaka se haufi sa ho bala se ka eketsa molumo oa mesifa ea mokokotlo, sa etsa hore ho be le phetoho pakeng tsa boteng le bolulo. Le ho DED, matšoao a kliniki a ka ntlafatsa ho qoba ho li-smartphones [50, 51].

lemalla ntho e

E 'ngoe ea lintho tse thatafatsang mathata haholo ka ho sebelisa li-smartphones le Inthanete ho bacha. Tlatsetso e fetisetsoa ho motho ea hlokofalitsoeng ke ketsahalo e itseng e sitisang mesebetsi ea dailies [52].

Maemong a bokhoba ba li-smartphone, batho ba lula ba sheba melaetsa ea e-mail le ea sechaba sechabeng. Ho fihlella habonolo ha boiphihlelo ba smartphone mots'eare ho thusa ho phatlalatsoa ha mofuta ona oa bokhoba [53]. Tšebeliso ea li-smartphone esita le nakong ea puisano ea sefahleho le sefahleho ke ntho e eketsehileng le eona. E bitsoa "phubbing" [54].

Joalokaha ho khothalelitsoe ke lithuto tse fetileng, bokhoba ba li-smartphone bo ka bapisoa le bokhoba ba tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi [55].

Ho hlahisitsoe mekhoa ea ho khetholla bokhoba ba li-smartphone e le ho nolofatsa ho e lemoha kapele [56].

Ho ea ka lipotso tsa Teen Smartphone Addiction National Survey tse entsoeng ho tloha ka 2016 ho fihlela 2018, 60% ea metsoalle ea bacha, ka tekanyo ea bona, ba lemaletse mehala ea bona [57]. Ha e le hantle, ke linaha tse 'maloa tse khethollang bokhoba ba ho lemalla e le lefu. Mohlomong lena ke lona lebaka le etsang hore re be le data e fokolang ho lemaletseng lisebelisoa tsa ts'ebeliso ea bohlankana lilemong tsa bocha.

Patlisiso ea morao-rao e entsoeng ke Setsi sa Sechaba sa Boitsebiso sa 2012 ka bopaki ba hore ho lemalla li-smartphone ho Chorea e ne e le 8.4% [58].

Lithuto tse ling li ile tsa hatisa lintlha tse behang kotsing ea ho lemalla li-smartphones tse kang botho le litšobotsi tsa sechaba empa le maikutlo a botsoali. Ka lintlha, ho tšoenyeha, tahlehelo ea taolo ea mamello, ho tlohela, ho se tsitse le ho se tsitsinyehe, ho feto-fetoha ha maikutlo, mashano, ho lahleheloa ke thahasello ho fumanoe e le mabaka a kotsi a ho lemalla ha smartphone [59].

Ha ho nahanoa ka lintlha tsa bong, lipatlisiso tsa pejana li hlalositse hore basali ba qeta nako e ngata ho li-smartphone mme ba bile le menyetla e batlang e le makhetlo a 3 ea ho lemalla li-smartphone ho feta banna [60, 61]. Ho boetse ho tlalehiloe hore lithethefatsi tsa basali li ka amana le takatso e matla ea likamano tsa sechaba [62].

Mabapi le maikutlo a botsoali a tšebeliso ea li-smartphone, thuto ea botsoali e bohlokoa ho tšoara bacha ka lits'ila:63, 64]. Boemong bona, batsoali ba ka thibela bokhoba ba li-smartphone har'a bacha ka ho ba tšehetsa. Ebile, kamano e ntle ea motsoali le mocha e ka fokotsa tsitsipano ea sechaba mme ea eketsa tšireletseho le boitšepo [65]. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho ikamahanya le batsoali le ho se sireletsehe ha bona ho ka eketsa kotsi ea ho lemalla li-smartphones ho bacha lilemong [66].

Mathata a mantlha a kelello a amanang le ho lemalla ke: ho itšepa ho tlokotsi, khatello ea maikutlo, khatello ea maikutlo, khatello ea maikutlo, ho se sireletsehe le ho ba boinotšing [18, 67].

Liphetho tsa sekolo li kanna tsa ameha hobane lithethefatsi tsa smartphone li ka etsa hore bacha ba hlokomolohe boikarabello le ho qeta nako ba sa etse letho [68, 69].

Hangata marang-rang a sebelisetsoa ho baleha maikutlo a fosahetseng le ho ba boinotšing, qoba litšebelisano tsa sefahleho, ho eketsa boitšepo, ho ntlafatsa kotsi ea khatello ea maikutlo, matšoenyeho a sechaba le ho lemalla [70, 71].

Ho lemalla Smartphone ho amana le liketsahalo tse peli: tšabo ea ho lahleha (FOMO) le ho teneha.

FOMO e ka hlalosoa e le letsoalo la boiphihlelo bo hlephileng le sephetho sa eona sa ho lakatsa ho lula le kamano le batho ba bang. FOMO e hlahisa tlhokahalo ea ho lekola ts'ebetso ea sechaba ka nako le nako e le hore e le morao le ho etsa mesebetsi ea metsoalle [72].

Boredom e hlalosoa e le boemo bo sa thabiseng ba maikutlo, bo amanang le ho se amehe ha kelello le maikutlo a amanang le ho se khotsofale. Batho ba kanna ba leka ho sebetsana le ho sithabela maikutlo ka ho batla ho tsosa le ho sebelisa li-smartphones ka ho phehella [73,74,75].

Bacha, ba hlaselehang habonolo, ba kotsing e kholo ea ho teneha le ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea methapo ea kutlo [76]. Ho fapana le hoo, bokhoba ba li-smartphone bo ka susumetsoa hampe ke lifahleho tsa bocha tsa sefahleho [77].

Mesifa le masapo

Tšebeliso e nang le bothata ea smartphone (PSU) e amana le mathata a marapo, bohloko ba mesifa, mokhoa oa ho lula fatše, ho hloka matla a 'mele le ho itšireletsa mafung a fokotsang matla [78, 79].

Litlaleho tse ling tsa Machaena, li hlalosa hore 70% ea bacha ba ile ba utloa bohloko ba molala, 65% mahlaba a mahetla, 46% leqaqaileng le bohloko ba menoana. Mathata a musculoskeletal a amanang le li-smartphones a ka susumetsoa ke lintlha tse ngata, ho kenyelletsa le boholo ba pontsho ea li-smartphone, palo ea melaetsa ea mongolo e rometsoeng le lihora tse sebelisoang letsatsi le leng le le leng le li-smartphones [80, 81].

Ntle le moo, nakong ea tšebeliso ea li-smartphone, boemo ba 'mele boo eseng ba' mele bo ka baka mathata a mmele. Mohlala, ho feto-fetoha ha molala (33-45 °) ho ka baka litlamorao tsa musculoskeletal haholo karolong ea molala.82, 83].

Haholo-holo, ho romellana melaetsa ke e 'ngoe ea lisosa tse bakang khatello ea maikutlo mokokotlong le bohlokong ba molala ho ba qetileng letsatsi la 5.4 ha ho smartphone ea bona [82, 84].

Tšitiso

Mesebetsi ea li-smartphone e amahanngoa le tšitiso e phahameng ea kelello le ho ba le tsebo e tlase ka nako le nako e behang maphelo a basebelisi [85].

Kotsi ea ho khelosoa e phahame haeba ho na le likhalase tse kholo tsa smartphone le maemong a lipapali [86].

Boitsebiso bo makatsang bo bontšitse hore likotsi tsa koloi ke e 'ngoe ea lisosa tse kholo tsa likotsi ho bana. USA e bone keketseho ea 5% ea likotsi tsa likoloi tsa koloi ho bacha.87, 88]. Sena se ka amana le PSU. Ebile, ba tsamayang ka maoto ba sebelisang marang-rang le li-smartphones ba na le kotsi e kholo ea ho etsa likotsi tsa sephethephethe hobane hangata ha ba shebahale ka bobeli mme ba tšela tsela ka tlhokomelo e nyane [89]. Ka ho khetheha, bamameli ba mmino ba na le temohisiso e fokotsehileng ea maemo [90].

Moelelong ona, karolo ea mohlala oa botsoali ke ea bohlokoa kholisong ea boitšoaro ba bacha lilemong tsa bocha: Bacha ba nang le batsoali ba kenang ho khanna lintho tse amanang le selefouno ba na le monyetla oa ho sebelisa selefouno ha ba ntse ba khanna. Phuputso e entsoeng ho batsoali ba 760 ha bana (lilemo tse 4 - 10) ba le ka koloing ba hlokometse hore 47% ea batsoali e buile ka mohala o ts'oereng matsoho, 52.2% e buile ka mohala o se nang matsoho, 33.7% e bale melaetsa ea mongolo, 26.7% ba romelle molaetsa, mme 13.7% e sebelisitse marang-rang a batho ba bang ha ba ntse ba khanna [91]. Sena e ka ba ntho e kotsi haholo mme e ntseng e eketseha e sa khaotseng e kenyeletsang bacha le batho ba baholo ba ka moso.

Ho hlekefetsoa ha libuka

Sekhahla se ntseng se eketseha sa cyberbullying se amana le phumaneho e pharalletseng ea li-smartphones, marang-rang le lisebelisoa tsa mehala. E ka hlalosoa e le mokhoa oa bompoli o etsoang ke motho kapa sehlopha ka mokhoa oa elektroniki le ho phetheloa ho baka ho se khotsofale, tšabo, tšabo kapa ho kenella ho mohlaseluoa [92]. Ho na le mefuta e fapaneng ea cyberbullying e hlalositsoeng ke lingoliloeng: mehala ea fono, melaetsa ea mongolo, litšoantšo / likotlo tsa video, mangolo-tsoibila le lisebelisoa tsa melaetsa ke tse ling tsa tse sebelisoang haholo [93]. Ena ke tšoenyeho e kholo ea bophelo bo botle ba sechaba: Italy, data ea ISTAT ea 2015 e bonts'itse hore 19.8% ea basebelisi ba marang-rang ba lilemo li 11- 17, ba tlaleha ba cyberbullied [94,95,96].

Hikikomori

Ketsahalo e itseng sechabeng e bitsoang Shakaiteki hikikomori (phumano ea sechaba) e ntse e tsebahala le ho feta linaheng tse 'maloa [97]. Ho fihla joale, ho hakanngoa hore hoo e ka bang karolo ea 1% ea bacha le batho ba baholo ba hikikomori linaheng tsa Asia. Boholo ba bona ke ba batona 'me ba phela lilemo tse 2 ho isa ho tse 1 [98,99,100,101,102,103,104]. Ba hana ho buisana le ba malapa a bona, ba ntse ba sebelisa Inthanete ebile ba ithaopela ho sebetsana le litlhoko tsa bona tsa 'mele.

Hikikomori e ngata e qeta matsatsi a fetang 12 ha e le ka pel'a skrini 'me ka lebaka leo e kotsing e kholo ea ho lemalla inthanete [105,106,107].

Lintlha tse ntle

Smartphone le inthanete li boetse li amana le likarolo tse ngata tse ntle tse amanang le tšebelisano ea sechaba le puisano, likarolo tsa nts'etsopele le kelello.

Bacha ba ka ntlafatsa boitšoaro, ba hlahisa maikutlo le liqeto tse hlakileng [108].

Bacha ba ikutloang ba qheletsoe ka thoko ebile ba sithabetse maikutlo, ba ka theha likamano ntle le hore na ba bang ba lekola litšobotsi tsa bona tsa mmele joang, ba ntlafatse maikutlo a bona a sithabetsang mme ba fumane tšehetso ea ho eketsa boitšepo ba bona le ho amoheloa ke lithaka le ho fumana tšehetso ea maikutlo [109,110,111,112,113].

Liphetho li akarelelitsoe ho Lethathamo 1.

Malebela

Ho batsoali

Motheong oa litlaleho tsa lingoliloeng, batsoali ba lokela ho tseba ka litlamorao tse mpe le tšebeliso e mpe ea ts'ebeliso ea sesebelisoa sa li-smartphone le tsa media ho bacha. Ka lebaka leo, likhothaletso tse ikemiselitseng molemong oa malapa li kenyeletsa:

• Ntlafatsa puisano: mema bacha hore ba bue ka ho hlaka ka nako eo ba e qetileng ba sebelisa sesebelisoa sa mecha ea phatlalatso le ka app eo ba e sebelisang sechabeng. Ba khothaletse ho arolelana mathata ba ka bang le ona inthaneteng le marang-rang. Ba tsebise ka litaba tsa inthanete le boinotšing ba inthanete.
• Monitor: netefatsa nako e sebelisitsoeng marang-rang le se kahare; ntšetsa pele puisano e sebetsang mabapi le tšebeliso ea sesebelisoa sa media; fana ka maikutlo mabapi le ho bapala papali 'moho.
• Hlalosa melaoana le melaoana e hlakileng: qoba tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa media nakong ea lijo, mosebetsi oa lapeng le nako ea ho robala.
• Fana ka mohlala: fokotsa nako e sebelisitsoeng ho li-smartphones nakong ea liboka tsa lelapa, ha u tšela seterata le nakong ea lijo.
• Ts'ebetsommoho: theha marang-rang le bana le ba fanang ka tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle ho hlokomela mathata a marang-rang a bacha le li-smartphones.

Ho baoki

Motheong oa litlaleho tsa lingoliloeng, litlhahiso bakeng sa baoki le ba fanang ka tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle li kenyeletsa:

• Puisano le bacha le batsoali: tsebisa bacha lilemong tse ntle le ka litlamorao tse mpe tsa tšebeliso ea sesebelisoa sa media. Fana ka tlhaiso-leseling ka: kotsi ea ho lemalla, ho sitisoa, liphetho tsa thuto, litlamorao tsa neuropsychological, kutlwisiso. Buisana le bacha lilemong tsa bona ka li-smartphones le tšebeliso ea marang-rang ea sechaba, ho tla ho eona ka tsela e hlokolosi le e nang le tsebo. Nahana ka bacha le batsoali ka hore na litšitiso tse ipapisitseng le li-screen tse ling li amana kae le ts'ebetso e mpe ea thuto le hore na batsoali ke mohlala oa bohlokoa joang ho bana ba bona.
• Marang-rang a sechaba le lintlha tse ntle: nyahamisa bacha ho sebelisa marang-rang le li-smartphones ho qoba ho ba boinotšing le ho eketsa boitšepo; khothaletsa tšebeliso e bolokehileng ea media ho hokahana le metsoalle le ho arolelana litaba.
• Ntlafatsa kamano ea baithuti le baithuti: khothaletsa likamano tsa sefahleho le bacha le bacha.
• Elelloa liphetoho tse etsahalang bophelong bo botle le setjhabeng: e le hore o ka sebetsana ka potlako le tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi tsa smartphone le ho fokotsa litlamorao tse mpe, baoki ba lokela ho hlokomela matšoao le matšoao a supang ts'ebeliso ea sesebelisoa sa media se sa nepahalang, joalo ka ho eketsa boima ba 'mele / hlooho, hlooho le bohloko ba mesifa, pono / Ho ferekana ha mahlo, jj.
• Ruta: hlahisa lipotso tse hlahlobang mabapi le bophelo ba ngoana Inthaneteng ketelong ea bana ka kakaretso, ho kenyelletsa le lipotso mabapi le tšebeliso ea papali ea video le cyberbullying, e le ho khetholla bacha ba kenang boits'oarong ba bophelo bo botle kapa mathata a ho lemalla.

  Likeletso li akaretsoa ho Tafole 2.

Li-smartphone le liwebsaete tseo batho ba etsang metsoalle ho tsona e fetohile karolo ea bohlokoa ea bophelo ba bocha bo susumetsang bophelo bohle ba motho. Ka bobeli batsoali le baoki / ba fanang ka tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle ba lokela ho utloisisa melemo le likotsi tse ka ba teng ho qoba litlamorao tse mpe tse joalo ka ho lemalla ha smartphone. Lingaka le batsoali ka bobeli ba lokela ho loanela ho utloisisa hamolemo mesebetsi ea bongoaneng ea inthaneteng, buisana le bona ka tšebeliso ea li-smartphone le ho thibela liketsahalo tse bohloko.