Tšebeliso e Ntseng e Atamela e Eketsehileng pakeng tsa Prefrontal Cortex le Mokhoa oa Moputso ho Papali ea Pathology (2013)

Ho lokisoa

21 Jul 2015: Khalemelo ea basebetsi ba PLOS ONE (2015): Ho eketsa ts'ebelisano pakeng tsa ts'ebetso pakeng tsa Preortal Cortex le Reward System ho Pathological Gossip. PloS ONE 10 (7): e0134179. Doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0134179 Sheba khalemelo

inahaneloang

Pathological gambel (PG) e arolelana litšobotsi tsa bongaka le mathata a ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi 'me kahoo e tšohloa e le tšibollo ea boitšoaro. Boithuto ba morao-rao bo mabapi le liphetoho tsa ts'ebetso tsa PG li hlahisa liphetoho tse sebetsang kahong ea meaho ea pele le tsamaiso ea moputso oa mesolimbic. Le ha ho leka-lekana pakeng tsa meaho ena ho amana le boitšoaro ba bokhoba, hore na ho se sebetse ha bona ho PG ho bonahala ka tšebelisano lipakeng tsa bona e ntse e sa hlaka. Re ile ra araba potso ena re sebelisa mokhoa oa ho kopanya fMRI e sebetsang ho lithuto tsa banna ka PG le taolo. Khokahano ea ts'ebetso e thehiloeng ho peo e ne e kopitsoa ho sebelisoa libaka tse peli-tsa phaello, e ipapisitse le liphetho tsa tlhahlobo ea morphometry e fetileng, e fumanehang ka pele ho cortex le sisteme ea moputso oa mesolimbic (ka ho le letona le kahare la pele le ka pele).

Bakuli ba PG ba bonts'itse khokahano e eketsehang ho tloha ho "gyrus" e nepahetseng ea bohareng ho ea ho striatum e nepahetseng joalo ka ha e bapisoa le taolo, e neng e boetse e lumellana hantle le tšobotsi ea ho se ts'oenyehe, ho tsuba le ho lakatsa lintlha tse ngata sehlopheng sa PG.

Ntle le moo, bakuli ba PG ba bonts'itse ho fokotseha ho kopanya ho tloha ho "gyrus" e nepahetseng ea bohareng ho ea libakeng tse ling tsa pele ho bapisoa le taolo.

The nepahetseng ea ventral striatum e bonts'itse khokahano e eketsehileng ho gyrus e holimo le e bohareng ea kapele le cerebellum ea leqeleng ho bakuli ba PG ha e bapisoa le taolo. Khokahano e eketsehang ho "cerebellum" e ne e amana hantle le ho tsuba sehlopheng sa PG.

Liphetho tsa rona li fana ka bopaki bo bong ba liphetoho bakeng sa khokahano e sebetsang ho PG ka khokahano e eketsehang pakeng tsa libaka tsa pele le ts'ebetso ea moputso, e ts'oanang le liphetoho tsa khokahano tse tlalehiloeng boteng ba tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi.

Tlhaloso: Koehler S, Ovadia-Caro S, van der Meer E, Villringer A, Heinz A, Romanczuk-Seiferth N, et al. (2013) Khokahano e Eketsehileng ea Mosebetsi pakeng tsa Preortal Cortex le Sisteme ea Meputso ho Papali ea Pathological. PloS ONE 8 (12): e84565. Doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0084565

mohlophisi: Yu-Feng Zang, Univesithi e tloaelehileng ea Hangzhou, China

Re amohetse: August 3, 2013; E amohetse: Novemba 15, 2013; E phatlalalitsoe: December 19, 2013

Copyright: © 2013 Koehler et al. Ena ke sengoloa se bulehileng se fihletsoeng ka tlase ho License ea Boikarabelo ba Creative Commons, e lumellang hore ho sebelisoe, ho abeloa, le ho beleha ho sa sebelisetsoe, ho fana ka moqapi le mohloli oa pele.

Lithuso: Phuputso e ne e tšehelitsoe ke "Senatsverwaltung für Gesundheit, Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz, Berlin", Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), sekolo se abeloang mangolo 86 "Berlin School of Mind and Brain" (Koehler le Ovadia-Caro), le Minerva Stiftung (Ovadia-Caro) . Andreas Heinz o fumane chelete ea ho etsa lipatlisiso ho Jeremane Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; HE 2597 / 4-3; 7-3; 13-1; 14-1; 15-1; Excellence Cluster Exc 257 & STE 1430 / 2-1) le Lekala la Jeremane la Lekala la Thuto le Lipatlisiso (01GQ0411; 01QG87164; NGFN Plus 01 GS 08152 le 01 GS 08 159). Bafani ba lichelete ba ne ba sena karolo ho moralo oa boithuto, pokello ea lintlha le tlhahlobo, qeto ea ho e phatlalatsa kapa ho hlophisa sengoloa.

Lithahasello tse tsitsitseng: Bangoli ba balile leano la koranta mme ba na le likhohlano tse latelang: Andreas Heinz o fumane lithuso tse sa thibeloeng tsa lipatlisiso ho Eli Lilly & Company, Janssen-Cilag, le Bristol-Myers Squibb. Bangoli ba bang kaofela ba phatlalalitse hore ha ho na lithahasello tsa tlholisano tse teng. Mongoli-'moho Daniel Margulies ke setho sa Boto ea Tlhophiso ea PLOS ONE. Sena ha se fetole ho khomarela ha bangoli ho maano ohle a PLOS ONE mabapi le ho arolelana data le lisebelisoa.

Selelekela

Ho betla papali ea kelello (PG) ke bokuli ba kelello bo tšoauoang ke boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho phehella ba ho becha. E nkoa e le tšenyo ea boits'oaro kaha e arolelana litšobotsi tsa kliniki tse joalo ka ho lakatsa le tahlehelo ea taolo ka mathata a ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi [1]. Ho DSM-5 [2], PG e kenyellelitsoe hammoho le mathata a ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi mokhahlelong oa tlhahlobo ea 'Tšebeliso ea Lithethefatsi le Mathata a Tlatsetsang'.

Karolo ea mantlha ea bokhoba ba tahi e fokotse melao ea boits'oaro, ke hore, bokhoni bo sa lekaneng ba ho laola le ho emisa boitšoaro ba ho sebelisa lithethefatsi. Boitaolo bo khaotsoeng bo ka hlalosoa hape e le leeme la boits'ebetso ho phehelleng meputso ea kapele ho fapana le ho phethoa ha lipheo tsa nako e telele [3,4]. Mesebetsi ea phethahatso, e lumellang ho koaloa ha khotsofalo ea litlhoko tsa hang-hang, e amana le ts'ebetso ea preortalal cortex (PFC) [5]. Boitšoaro ba ho batla moputso hang-hang bo hokahane le libaka tsa sisteme ea mesolimbic, hobane libaka tse tlasa subcortical tse kang ventral striatum (ho kenyelletsa le li-nucleus accumbens) li sebetsa haholo nakong ea ts'ebetso ea moputso [6]. Boithuto bo sebelisang ts'ebetso ea matla a matla a matla a kelello (fMRI) a tlaleha kamano e sebetsang lipakeng tsa li-ventral striatum le likarolo tsa medial tsa PFC [7-9]. Haufinyane, Diekhof le Gruber [3] e bonts'itse kamano e mpe lipotsong tsa boko lipakeng tsa PFC le libaka tsa sistimi ea moputso (ke hore, li-nucleus accumbens le sebaka sa likarolo tsa moea) ha lithuto li ne li loantšana pakeng tsa sepheo sa nako e telele le moputso oa hang-hang. Ho feta moo, ho koala moputso ka potlako ho ne ho tsamaisana le boemo bo kopaneng ba ho ikopanya ho seng monate pakeng tsa PFC le libaka tsa moputso. Ha ho kopanngoa hammoho, ho fumanoa ha Diekhof le Gruber ho fana ka maikutlo a hore bokhoni ba ho thibela khethollo ea boitšoaro bo lebisang thabong e haufi bo amana le tšebelisano lipakeng tsa PFC le tsamaiso ea moputso.

Tumellanong le liphumano tse boletsoeng ka holimo, lithuto tsa fMRI li fumane liphetoho tse sebetsang ho PFC le tsamaisong ea mesolimbic ho latela ts'ebeliso ea thepa. Batho ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi ba bonts'a ho hloka taolo ea PFC ka ho fokotseha ho amanang le ts'ebetso nakong ea mesebetsi e phahameng ea mosebetsi [10]. Ka har'a sistimi ea moputso, maikutlo a ho fetelletseng (ke hore, likarabo tse ntlafalitsoeng tsa boko) ho susumetso e amanang le lithethefatsi [11-13] le ho fokotsa ts'ebetso ea boko ho fumana meputso e seng ea lithethefatsi [13-16] e hlalositsoe ho batho ba nang le ts'ebeliso ea tahi le nicotine, mme ts'ebetso e eketsehileng ea boko ho arabela meputsong eo e seng ea lithethefatsi e fumanoe ho batho ba itšetlehileng ka koae [17]. Ho nka liphetoho tsena, ho ile ha khothalletsoa hore ho be le ho leka-lekana pakeng tsa ts'ebetso ea bokong ba pele le ts'ebetso ea mesolimbic ho kenya letsoho molemong oa boitšoaro bo lematsang [18,19].

Liphetoho tsa ts'ebetso ho PFC le mesolimbiccome system le tsona li tlalehiloe ho PG. Bakuli ba nang le PG ba bontšitse ho fokotseha hoa ts'ebetso pele ho ts'ebetso nakong ea ts'ebetso ea thibelo [20], e bontshang ho se sebetse ka pele ho lobe, mme e tsamaellana le lithuto tsa boits'oaro bo fetileng mabapi le ts'ebetso e kholo le ho etsa liqeto ho PG [21-24]. Ho feta moo, bakuli ba PG ba bonts'itse ho fokotseha hoa ts'ebetso ha ba fumana moputso oa chelete [25-27], le ts'ebetso e kholo ea ts'ebetso ea dorsolateral pele ho araba livideo le litšoantšo tse nang le litšoantšo tsa papali ea chelete [28,29], e fana ka tlhahiso ea phetoho ts'ebetsong ea sepheo se bonts'ang moputso. Ka hona, liphuputso tse sebelisang matla a amanang le ketsahalo li fana ka maikutlo a hore maikutlo a pele a moputso ho moputso litabeng tsa papali ea chelete [30,31]. Liphetoho ts'ebetsong ea meputso li boetse li fumanoe ka har'a sepheo sa ventral: Bakuli ba PG ba bonts'itse ts'ebetso e sa bonahaleng nakong ea tebello ea moputso oa chelete [25,32], athe tšebetso e eketsehang e tlalehiloe bakeng sa ba becang ka mathata [33]. Bakuli ba PG le bona ba bontšitse ho fokotseha hoa ts'ebetso ha ba fumana moputso oa chelete [27], le ts'ebetso e eketsehileng ea ho araba litšoantšo tse nang le litšoantšo tsa papali ea chelete [29], e bonts'a likarabo tsa boko bo fetotsoeng tsamaisong ea moputso bakeng sa tšusumetso e amanang le papali ea chelete. Liphumano tsena li fana ka maikutlo a hore bakuli ba PG ba bonts'a liphetoho tse sa sebetseng ka mokhoa o ikemetseng maemong a mantlha a bokapele ba mesolimbic.

Tšebelisano e sebetsang pakeng tsa sistimi ea pele le mesolimbic e ka hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa ho ikamahanya le maemo a sebetsang a mmuso - ke ho re, tumellano ea nakoana ea phello ea moea oa ts'ebetso ea moea (oxygen) pakeng tsa libaka tsa boko. Mefuta ea tšebelisano ea tšebetso ea methapo e hokahantsoe le lipaterone tse ts'oanang le tse hlahisitsoeng nakong ea mesebetsi e amanang le mesebetsi [34,35]. FMRI ea phomolo e na le monyetla o mong bakeng sa palo ea bakuli ba sa hlokeng ts'ebetso ea tšebetso le nako e batlang e le khuts'oane ea ho lekola (<10 metsotso) [36]. Haufinyane, lithuto tsa fMRI tsa naha ea phomolo li tlalehile liphetoho khokahanong e sebetsang mathateng a ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi [37-47]. Tse ling tsa lithuto tsena li fana ka maikutlo a lipapatso tsa khokahano e fetotsoeng lipakeng tsa li-node tsa taolo ea kelello joalo ka lateral PFC, anterior cingulate cortex le libaka tsa parietal [39,41,46], le liphetoho mabapi le khokahano ho tsoa ho li-ventral striatum [38,41,43-45] e nang le sephetho se kopaneng mabapi le mekhoa ea khokahano ea PFC le ventral striatum. Keketseho e sebetsang ea pakeng tsa ventral striatum le orbitofrontal PFC e fumanoe ho basebelisi ba li-heroin ba sa foleng [41]. Ho fapana le hoo, thuto e 'ngoe le batho ba itšetlehileng ka opioid [44] e hlokometse tšebelisano e sebetsang pakeng tsa li-nucleus accumbens le orbitofrontal PFC. Ho feta moo, lithuto mabapi le tlhekefetso ea koae / ts'ebeliso ea koae e bonts'itse khokahano e sebetsang pakeng tsa "ventral striatum" le "ventral"45] le phokotso ea khokahanyo ea mantlha ea tšebelisano ea methapo [39]. Mmoho, lithuto tsena tsa maemo a phomolo li bonts'a hore tšebelisano lipakeng tsa PFC le sistimi ea moputso oa mesolimbic e fetotsoe ho bakuli ba nang le mathata a ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi.

Ho fihla joale, ha ho na letho le tsebaalo ka liphetoho tse sebetsanang le tšebeliso ea taolo ea boitšoaro bo joalo ka PG. Letšoao la pele la puisano e fetotsoeng e sebetsang ea "conto-striatal function" ho PG e fumanoe tlhahlobisong ea lipatlisiso tsa naha ea ho phomola e entsoeng ke Tschernegg et al. [48]. Ka ho sebelisa mokhoa oa graph-theoretical, ba bone khokahano e sebetsang pakeng tsa caudate le anterior cingulate ho bakuli ba PG ha ba bapisoa le taolo. Leha ho le joalo, ho ntse ho sa hlaka hore na bakuli ba PG ba bonts'a liphetoho tse tšoanang ts'ebelisanong lipakeng tsa PFC le sebopeho sa mantlha sa tsamaiso ea moputso (ke hore, ventral striatum) joalo ka ha ho bonts'oa ke liphetho tsa khokahanyo tse sebetsang ho litheko tse amanang le lithethefatsi. Ka tsebo ea rona, ha ho thuto e joalo ea PG e seng e phatlalalitsoe. Ka hona, thuto ea hona joale e hlahloba mekhoa ea khokahano e sebetsang ho pele le tsamaiso ea mesolimbic ho bakuli ba nang le matšoao a PG. Tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso ea ho hokahanya e ne e ipapisitse le likarolo tse hlalositsoeng ka ntle tsa "libaka" "lipeo" tse neng li le ka hare ho frontal gyrus le ventral striatum, tse neng li ipapisitse le liphetho tsa phuputso e fetileng ea voxel-morphometry (VBM) [49]. Kaha lithuto tsa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea PG li fumane kamano pakeng tsa matšoao a thata [27] hammoho le ho se qhekelloe [25] le bopaki ba phetoho ea tšebetsong ea boko, re ile ra nahana hore mekhoa ena ea boits'oaro le boitšoaro ba ho tsuba e le letšoao le eketsehileng bakeng sa boitšoaro bo lemalloang li ka amana le phetoho e sebetsang ea li-network tse amehang sehlopheng sa PG.

Lisebelisoa le mekhoa

Boitšoaro ba Melao

Phuputso e entsoe ho latela Phatlalatso ea Helsinki mme ea ananeloa ke Ethics Committee of the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin. Barupeluoa bohle ba fane ka tumello e ngotsoeng e nang le tsebo pele ba nka karolo.

barupeluoa ba

Lintlha tse tsoang ho bakuli ba 19 PG (lilemo tse bolelang lilemo tse 32.79 ± 9.85) le taolo ea 19 (e bolelang lilemo tse 37.05 ± 10.19), ba nkileng karolo thutong ea fMRI ho Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (bona Mekhoa ea Tlatsetso ho Fanala S1), li ne li sebelisoa bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea boemo ba fMRI ea ho phomola. Bakuli ba PG ba ile ba hapuoa ka papatso ea inthanete le tsebiso ka har'a likhasinse. Ba ne ba se maemong a thibeloang kapa ba batlang kalafo. Tlhahlobo ea PG e ne e ipapisitse le lipotso tsa Jeremane tsa boitšoaro ba papali ea chelete ("Kurzfragebogen zum Glücksspielverhalten", KFG) [50]. Potso ea lipotso e na le lintho tsa 20 mme e thehiloe ho tlhahlobo ea DSM-IV / ICD-10 ea tlhahlobo ea PG. Ho khaola ha PG ho behiloe ho lintlha tsa 16. Re boetse re kentse Scand Signal Scale (G-SAS) [51] joalo ka keketseho ea matšoao a boima. Ha ho le ea mong oa bakuli kapa batsamaisi ba PG ea neng a e-na le nalane e tsebahalang ea mathata a amanang le methapo kapa khatello ea kelello ea kelello Axis-I ho kenyeletsa le ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi kapa joala joalo ka ha ho netefalitsoe ke tlhahlobo ho latela Phatlalatso ea Clinical Clinical ea DSM-IV Axis I Disorder (SCID-I) [52]. Bolaoli ha bo a bonts'a matšoao afe kapa afe a papali ea chelete ea papali ea chelete joalo ka ha ho netefalitsoe ke KFG.

Handsness e lekantsoe ke Edinburgh Handedness Inventory [53]. Re ile ra bokella tlhaiso-leseling ka lilemo tsa thuto ea sekolo, palo ea lisakerete ka letsatsi, joala ka khoeli ka ligrama, le tlhaiso-leseling ea tlhahlobo ea lihlahisoa tsa boithuto bakeng sa batho ba baholo [54]. Batho ba tsubang ha baa ka ba lumelloa ho tsuba bakeng sa metsotso ea 30 pele ho lenaneo la scan.

Ho susumetsa ho ile ha lekanngoa ho sebelisoa mofuta oa Sejeremane oa Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-Version 10 (BIS-10) [55], e nang le dintho tsa 34 e arotsoe lits'enyehelong tse tharo tse hlokang thuso: ho hloka botsitso, koloi le ho ba le kelello. Kamora ho hlahlojoa ha fMRI, takatso ea papali ea chelete (ho lakatsa) e lekantsoe ke tekanyetso ea analog (VAS), moo barupeluoa ba ileng ba araba lipotso tse hlano tse amanang le takatso (mohlala, "Morero oa hau oa ho becha o matla hakae?") Ka ho tšoaea mola lipakeng tsa 0 ('' ha ho joalo '') ho 100% ('' e matla haholo '').

Bakeng sa tlhahlobo e sebetsang ea khokahano ea sebaka se bohareng sa peo ea pele, lithuto tsohle tsa 38 li ile tsa hlahlojoa. Lihlopha li ne li sa fapana ka thuto, bohlale ba mokelikeli, tloaelo ea ho tsuba, joala kapa ho ferekana (Lethathamo 1). Mabapi le mekhoa ea papali ea chelete, bakuli ba 17 PG haholo-holo ba ne ba sebelisa mechine ea slot mme bakuli ba babeli ba PG e ne e le libeteri.

 Bakuli ba PG (N = 19)taolo (N = 19)  Bakuli ba PG (N = 14)taolo (N = 18)  
 E bolelang (SD)E bolelang (SD)t-senolop-senoloE bolelang (SD)E bolelang (SD)t-senolop-senolo
lilemo ka lilemo32.79 (9.85)37.05 (10.19)1.31.2031.29 (9.09)36.50 (10.19)1.50.14
palo ea lisakerete ka letsatsi5.11 (7.23)6.79 (8.39)0.66.515.43 (8.15)6.06 (7.98)0.22.83
lino tse tahang ka har'a ligrama128.74 (210.89)161.19 (184.38)10.50.62153.00 (236.28)167.74 (187.89)20.19.85
lilemo tsa thuto ea sekolo10.82 (1.95)11.32 (1.57)0.87.3911.32 (1.75)11.39 (1.58)0.11.91
bohlale ba mokelikeli (tlhahlobo ea materase)17.42 (4.22)19.21 (3.66)1.40.1718.36 (3.69)19.17 (3.76)0.61.55
nehelano (EHI)65.34 (66.60)81.03 (38.19)0.89.3854.39 (75.01)82.90 (38.39)1.40.17
BIS-10 kakaretso2.38 (0.41)1.96 (0.27)3.73.0012.42 (0.44)1.97 (0.27)3.54.001
BIS-10 e hlokolosi2.30 (0.39)1.85 (0.33)3.88<.0012.34 (0.45)1.86 (0.34)3.49.002
BIS-10 motor2.33 (0.56)1.86 (0.36)3.08.0042.38 (0.55)1.85 (0.36)3.31.002
BIS-10 e sa sebetseng2.52 (0.38)2.18 (0.38)2.76.0092.54 (0.38)2.21 (0.35)2.48.019
KFG32.95 (10.23)1.42 (2.32)13.10<.00134.21 (10.81)1.50 (2.36)12.52<.001
G-SAS21.05 (9.37)1.94 (2.90)18.28<.00122.14 (10.11)2.00 (2.98)27.84<.001
VAS e labalabela ho%34.62 (29.80)17.19 (16.77)2.22.03333.41 (29.32)16.97 (17.23)1.99.056
 

Tafole 1. Lintlha tsa sechaba le sechaba, tlhahlobo ea bongaka le psychometric bakeng sa sampole eohle le bakeng sa polokelo e sebelisitsoeng bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea peral ea striatal peo.

Tlhokomeliso: Mehlala e 'meli t-etest (tse peli-tailed) le df = 36 (1Nlithibelo = 18, df = 35) bakeng sa sampole kaofela le df = 30 (2Nlithibelo = 17, df = 29) bakeng sa subsource. EHI, Edinburgh Handedness Inventory; BIS-10, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-Version 10; KFG, "Kurzfragebogen zum Glücksspielverhalten" (lipotso tsa papali ea papali ea chelete); G-SAS, Sekala sa Tlhahlobo ea Matšoao a Papali ea Chelete; VAS, sekala sa analog ea pono.
CSV

Khoasolla CSV

Bakeng sa tlhahlobo e sebetsang ea khokahano ea karolo ea peral ea striatal peo, re ile ra tlameha ho khetha bakuli ba bahlano ba PG le sehlooho se le seng sa taolo ka lebaka la khaello ea ts'ireletso e phethahetseng ea sebaka seo (bona tlhahlobo ea data ea fMRI); li-subgroups tsena li na le bakuli ba 14 PG (bolele lilemo tsa 31.29 ± 9.09) le 18 taolo (e bolela lilemo tsa 36.50 lilemo ± 10.19). Lihlopha li ne li sa fapana ka thuto, bohlale ba mokelikeli, tloaelo ea ho tsuba, joala kapa ho ferekana (Lethathamo 1). Bakuli ba leshome le metso e meraro ba sebelisang mochini oa slot haholo mme mokuli a le mong oa PG e ne e le bettor.

Ho fumana MRI

Litšoantšo li ne li etsoa ho 3 Tesla Siemens Magnetom Tim Trio (Siemens, Erlangen, Jeremane) ho Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany. Bakeng sa seboka sa ho nka litšoantšo se sebetsang, ho sebelisitsoe mekhahlelo e latelang ea sekena: nako ea ho pheta-pheta (TR) = 2500 ms, echo time (TE) = 35 ms, flip = 80 °, matrix = 64 * 64, field of view (FOV) = 224 mm, voxel size = 3.5 * 3.5 * 3.0, lilae tse 39, meqolo e 120.

Bakeng sa ngoliso ea anatomical ea data ea ts'ebetso, re fumane skena ea anatomical re sebelisa mahlakore a mararo a mahlaseli a hlophisitsoeng a hlophisehileng ka potlako gradient (3D MPRAGE) ka litekanyetso tse latelang: TR = 1570 ms, TE = 2.74 ms, flip = 15 °, matrix = 256 * 256, FOV = 256 mm, boholo ba voxel = 1 * 1 * 1 mm3, Likhechana tsa 176.

tlhahlobo ea data ea fMRI

Litšoantšo li ne li ntlafalitsoe li bile li hlahlobisisoa ka ho sebelisoa ka bobeli la laebrari ea software ea FMRIB (FSL, http://www.fmrib.ax.ac.uk/fsl) le Analysis of Functional Neuroimages (AFNI, http://afni.nimh.nih.gov/afni/). Preprocessing e ne e thehiloe ho li-script tsa 1000 Functional Connectomes (www.nitrc.org/projects/fcon_1000). Ho ile ha etsoa mehato e latelang ea ho e lokisa: tokiso ea nako ea selae, tokiso ea motsamao, ho boreleli ha sebaka se nang le bophara ba 6 mm ka bophara ba halofo ea sefahleho sa Gaussian, sefahleho sa band pass (0.009 - 0.1 Hz) le ho tloaela 2 * 2 * 2 mm3 Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) -152 template ea template. Matšoao a tsoang libakeng tse se nang thahasello: taba e tšoeu le lets'oao la "cerebrospinal fluid" li tlositsoe ka mokhoa o mong le o mong. Letšoao la lefats'e ha lea ka la tlosoa kaha ho sa tsoa bontšoa hore mohato ona oa ntlafatso o ka baka likhohlano tsa sehlopha se fosahetseng [56].

Libaka tsa peo bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea khokahano e sebetsang li hlalositsoe ho latela litholoana tsa phuputso ea VBM e fetileng ho sebelisoa lintlha tsa sebopeho tsa bankakarolo ho tsoa boithutong ba hajoale [49]. Thutong ena, bakuli ba PG ba bonts'itse keketseho ea taba ea bohlooho ea lehae e shebaneng le li-gyrus tse ka pele bohareng (x = 44, y = 48, z = 7, 945 mm3) le striatum ea ventral e nepahetseng (x = 5, y = 6, z = -12, 135 mm3). Thutong ea khokahanyo e sebetsang, likarolo li ile tsa hlalosoa e le lintlha tsa tlhoro ea phapang ea taba e putsoa (Setšoantšo sa 1). Li-sphere radii li ile tsa khethoa e le hore sebaka sa bohlokoa ho tsoa tlhahlobisong ea VBM se lumellane le boholo ba sebaka. Bakeng sa peo ea pele, re sebelisitse radius ea 6 mm (880 mm3, Li-voxels tsa 110). Bakeng sa peō ea "stralatal seed", re sebelisitse radius ea 4 mm (224 mm3, Li-voxels tsa 28). Ka lebaka la tahlehelo ea mats'oao ho cortex ea orbitofrontal le likarolo tse haufi tsa eona re ile ra tlameha ho kenyelletsa lithuto tse tšeletseng ho tsoa ho tlhahlobo ea khokahano e sebetsang bakeng sa peo ea "stralatal seed" (Setšoantšo sa S1). Taba e ile ea qheleloa ka thoko haeba ho ne ho na le li-voxels tse ka tlase ho 50% sebakeng sa peo.

ponahalo e nyane
Setšoantšo sa 1. Sebaka sa libaka tsa peo bakeng sa tlhahlobo e sebetsang ea khokahanyo

 

Gyrus e bohareng bo ka pele: x = 44, y = 48, z = 7, radius ea 6 mm. Peo e nepahetseng ea "striatal pearl" x = 5, y = 6, z = -12, radius ea 4 mm.

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0084565.g001

Re entse tlhahlobo ea tšebeliso ea bohlale ba voxel e sebetsang sebakeng ka seng sa peo. Nako ea karolelano ea lithuto e nkuoe sebakeng se seng le se seng sa peo bakeng sa thuto e ngoe le e ngoe, 'me li-coefficients tsa mela e pakeng tsa nako ea nako ea peo le nako ea li-voxels tsohle bokong li ile tsa kopitsoa ka taelo ea 3dFIM + AFNI. Li-coefficients tsa likhohlano li ile tsa fetoloa hore z- Litsela tse sebelisang Fisher r-to-z phetoho. The zHo ne ho sebelisoa lithuto tse sebelisoang bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea mahareng le ea lipakeng. Bakeng sa sehlopha ka seng, mohlala o le mong tLiteko li ile tsa etsoa sebakeng ka seng sa peo bakeng sa ho fana ka limmapa tsa khokahano kahare ho sehlopha ka seng. Papiso ea sehlopha ka seng bakeng sa sebaka ka seng sa peo e ne e etsoa ho sebelisoa mehlala e 'meli tLiteko. Ho ikarabella bakeng sa liphapang tse amanang le bohlooho khokahanong e sebetsang, e ka bang ka lebaka la ho sebelisa libaka tsa peo ho latela liphetho tsa VBM, re sebelisitse molumo oa litaba tsa bohlooho joalo ka "covariate" ea bohlale. Fanala S1 'me Letlapa la S1 bakeng sa liphetho tsa khokahanyo e sebetsang ea tšebeliso ntle le tlhaiso-taba ea bohlooho, le Setšoantšo sa S2 'me Setšoantšo sa S3 bakeng sa papiso ea bobeli bohlahlobisisoa le bohlahlobisiso ntle le boits'oaro bo botala). Liphetho tsa sehlopha sa limmapa tsa khokahano li ne li thibetsoe a z-score> 2.3, e tsamaellanang le p <.01. Ho ikarabella bakeng sa bothata ba lipapiso tse ngata, re sebelisitse khalemelo e bohlale ka sehlopha re sebelisa mohopolo oa tšimo oa Gaussian o sa sebetseng o sebelisitsoeng ho FSL, le tokiso ea Bonferroni bakeng sa palo ea lipeo.

E le ho hlahloba hore na liphetoho tse mabapi le ts'ebetso e kopaneng sehlopheng sa PG li ne li amana le ho ts'oaroa, matšoao a tebang le matšoao a ho tsuba, re tlositse moelelo zLitlhaselo bakeng sa lihloho tsa bohlokoa, tse thonngoeng (lihlotšoana tse peli bakeng sa peo e ka pele e bohareng le lihlotšoana tse peli bakeng sa peo e nepahetseng ea "ventri striatal") ho mokuli ka mong oa PG Joale, z- Litaba li ne li hokahantsoe le mekhoa ea ho itlaleha ea thahasello (BIS-10 kakaretso le lithuso, KFG, G-SAS, VAS takatso, palo ea lisakerete ka letsatsi).

Qetellong, re lekile khokahano lipakeng tsa lipeo ka bobeli bakeng sa sampole ka ho kenya likhokahanyo pakeng tsa Pearson lipakeng tsa lithuto tsa nako tse ntšitsoeng.

Tlhahlobo ea tlhaiso-leseling ea boitšoaro

Lintlha tsa kliniking, tsa sechaba le tsa psychometric, hammoho le setsoalle pakeng tsa z- Litlhahlobo le mehato ea ho itlaleha ea phaello, li ile tsa hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa SPSS Statistics 19 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA). Lipapiso tsa sehlopha li ile tsa etsoa ho sebelisoa mehlala e 'meli t-lahloba (tse-tailed tse pedi). Likamano li ile tsa sebetsoa ho sebelisoa li-coefficients tsa Pearson le Spearman. Ho ile ha sebelisoa monyetla oa phoso ea alpha ea <.05.

Results

Tlhahisoleseling ea Clinical le psychometric

Re fumane Matšoao a Phahameng a Bokhukhuni ba Papali ea Papali ea CheleteLethathamo 1).

Khokahano ho tloha letsohong le letona le bohareng bo ka pele (Nlithibelo = 19, NLits'oants'o = 19)

Lihlopheng ka bobeli (Setšoantšo sa 2 'me Lethathamo 2), khokahano e kholo ho tloha ho leqele le kahare le kahare le kahare le ile la fumanoa kahare e nepahetseng ho potoloha peo, e neng e fetela ho PFC e nepahetseng le ho kenella ka ho le letona, striatum, gyrus ea angular, lateral occipital cortex le gramus ea supramarginal. Ntle le moo, khokahano ea bohlokoa e tsoang ho "gyrus" ea bohareng bo kaholimo e fumanoe sebakeng sa eona sa kontane ea malapeng (ea morao-rao ea PFC) ho fetela lefifing le letšehali. Khokahano e mpe e fumanoe karolong e ka morao ea mokokotlo oa "gyrus" e feteletsang leqeleng le letšehali, le libaka ka likarolo tse peli tse kang ling, gyrus, cortex ea intracalcarine, occipital pole, precuneus, gyrus ea pele le ea morao-rao. le cerebellum.

ponahalo e nyane
Setšoantšo sa 2. Sebetsa se sebetsanang le peo e bohareng bohareng

 

Mefuta ea likamano tse ntle haholo (red spectrum) le tse mpe (blue spectrum) le gyrus e ka pele e bohareng (peo e bontšitsoeng ka botala) ka har'a lithuto tsohle le ka har'a lihlopha. Papiso ea sehlopha bakeng sa likamano tse kholo: bakuli ba PG <taolo le bakuli ba PG> taolo (pherekano ea violet). Limmapa tsohle li koetsoe ka z-score> | 2.3 | (bohlale bo sebelisang sehlopha se lokisitsoe ho sebelisoa mohopolo oa tšimo oa Gaussia o sa sebetseng 'me Bonferroni a lokisa palo ea lipeo). Nlithibelo = 19, NLits'oants'o = 19.

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0084565.g002

PeōbapisaSebaka sa Anatomicallehlakoreng laMokhahlelo oa lihlopha p-karoloe (e lokisitsoe)Boholo ba lihlopha (li-voxels)Boemo ba Voxel z-senoloMNI e hokahanya ho fihlela tlhalo ea voxel
       xyz
Gyrus e bohareng bo ka pelebolela tse khothatsangbokapele ba pelaR<.00012624110.4464810
 bolela tse mpeposterior cingulate gyrusL<.0001504377.18-14-5032
 PG <laolaho nahana ka gyrusR.00155083.65182030
 PG> taoloputamenR.00266683.47260-2
Striatum ea letsoho le letonabolela tse khothatsangnucleus accumbensR<.000190258.9386-10
 bolela tse mpepele gyrusL<.0001179875.22-50220
  lingual gyrusL<.000123624.7-10-80-12
 PG <laola  ha e bohlokoa     
 PG> taolocerebellumL.00266704.31-32-52-38
  pina e holimo peleR.01015433.92262650
 

Tafole 2. Libaka tsa boko li bonts'a khokahanyo ea bohlokoa lihlopheng tsena ka bobeli le bakeng sa karohano ea sehlopha.

Tlhokomeliso: Mehlala e 'meli t-etest (tse peli-tailed) le df = 36 (1Nlithibelo = 18, df = 35) bakeng sa sampole kaofela le df = 30 (2Nlithibelo = 17, df = 29) bakeng sa subsource. EHI, Edinburgh Handedness Inventory; BIS-10, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-Version 10; KFG, "Kurzfragebogen zum Glücksspielverhalten" (lipotso tsa papali ea papali ea chelete); G-SAS, Sekala sa Tlhahlobo ea Matšoao a Papali ea Chelete; VAS, sekala sa analog ea pono.
CSV

Khoasolla CSV

Phapano ea sehlopha (Setšoantšo sa 2, Setšoantšo sa 3A le Tafole 2) e senotse khokahano e eketsehang ho tloha ho "gyrus" ea bohareng bo kahare ho isa ho striatum e nepahetseng ea bakuli ba PG ha e bapisoa le lits'ebetso. Tlhako e phahameng ea phapang ena e ho "putamen" e nang le sehlopheng se kenang ho globus pallidus, dorsal caudate, insula le thalamus. Khokahano e theohileng e fumanoe ka lehlakoreng le letona la cortrate cortex e atolohileng ho pele le ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho bakuli ba PG ha ho bapisoa le taolo.

ponahalo e nyane
Setšoantšo sa 3. Phapang ea sehlopha ka tsela e sebetsang ea khokahano ea lipeo

 

Lipotso lia bonts'oa z- Liratso tsa lihlopha tsa bohlokoa tsa phapang (tse potiloeng ka 'mala o mosehla). Palo ea lithuto tsa sebaka sa peo ea "gyrus" ea mabele a ka pele): Nlithibelo = 19, NLits'oants'o = 19, le sebakeng se nepahetseng sa peo ea striatal B): Nlithibelo = 18, NLits'oants'o = 14.

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0084565.g003

Phapang ea sehlopha e lula e ts'oana ho sebelisa li-subgroups tse kenyelletsang feela batho ba nang le tšireletso e felletseng (Nlithibelo = 18, NLits'oants'o = 14; liphetho tse sa bonts'oang).

Khokahano ho tsoa ho "ventral striatum" e nepahetseng ea letsoholithibelo = 18, NLits'oants'o = 14)

Lihlopheng ka bobeli (Setšoantšo sa 4 'me Lethathamo 2), khokahano e kholo ho tsoa sebakeng se nepahetseng sa "ventral striatum" se fumanoe se potolohile peo le sebakeng sa konteraka ea lapeng, ho kenyelletsa le li-nucleus tse bokellanang le li-gcus tse tsoang habeli, le ho fetela ho patate ea patate, li-putamen, amygdala, li-ventromedial PFC, le lipalo tsa pele le tsa nakoana. Khokahano e mpe e fumanoe ka har'a li-gyrus tse nepahetseng tsa pele tse fetelang sebakeng se kopaneng, bokaholimo bo ka pele, bo kahare bo ka pele le bo phahameng ka pele, gyrus e nepahetseng ea morao-rao, le libaka tse ka morao tsa hemispheric tse kang poleiti ea ka pele, insula le karolo ea pele le e bohareng ea operculum. Khokahano e mpe e ile ea fumaneha hape ka leqeleng le ka letsohong le letšehali le fetela ka letsohong le letona la gyrus le libakeng tse kopaneng le cerebellum, le li-girase tsa naha tse lipakeng tsa bongaka ba bongaka ba bongaka ba bongata le ba morao.

ponahalo e nyane
Setšoantšo sa 4. Sebetsa se sebetsanang le peo e nepahetseng ea "ventral striatal seed")

 

Mefuta ea likamano tse ntle haholo (red spectrum) le tse mpe (blue spectrum) le ventral striatum e nepahetseng (peo e bontšitsoeng ka botala) ka har'a lithuto tsohle le ka har'a lihlopha. Papiso ea sehlopha bakeng sa likamano tse kholo: bakuli ba PG> taolo (pherekano ea violet). Ka kopo hlokomela hore taolo ea phapang> bakuli ba PG e ne e se bohlokoa. Limmapa tsohle li koetsoe ka z-score> | 2.3 | (bohlale bo sebelisang sehlopha se lokisitsoe ho sebelisoa mohopolo oa tšimo oa Gaussia o sa sebetseng 'me Bonferroni a lokisa palo ea lipeo). Nlithibelo = 18, NLits'oants'o = 14.

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0084565.g004

Phapano ea sehlopha (Setšoantšo sa 4, Setšoantšo sa 3B le Tafole 2) e senotse khokahano e eketsehang ho tloha ho "ventral striatum" e nepahetseng ea letsoho le ka lehlakoreng le phahameng la sefahleho, ho fetela ka ho le letona le kahare le ka pele la gyrus ho bakuli ba PG ha ho bapisoa le taolo.

Khokahano le mehato ea ho itlaleha

Se bolelang zLikarolo tsa lihlopha tsa phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa lihlopha tse peli li sebelisitsoe ho leka likamano le litekanyetso tsa boits'oaro kahare ho sehlopha sa PG (lihlopha tsa 4). Khokahano e ntle e fumanoe bakeng sa khokahano lipakeng tsa peo e ka pele e ka pele e bohareng le striatum (bakeng sa PG> phapang ea taolo) le BIS-10 e sa reroang, litloaelo tsa ho tsuba (palo ea lisakerete ka letsatsi) le litakatso tse ngata (Setšoantšo sa 5A). Hape re fumane khokahano e ntle bakeng sa khokahano lipakeng tsa peo e nepahetseng ea "ventral striatal" le "cerebellum" (bakeng sa PG> taolo ea phapang) le litloaelo tsa ho tsuba (Setšoantšo sa 5B). Kaha tloaelo ea ho tsuba e ne e sa tloaelo ho ajoa, re boetse re kopanya khokahano ea puisano ea Spearman bakeng sa phapang ena. Bakeng sa peo e nepahetseng ea bohareng bohareng e bolela z-core thellelation e ne e ntse e bohlokoa, rS = .52, p = .021. Bakeng sa peo e nepahetseng ea "striatal seed" e bolela z-Kore, re fumane sephetho sa bohlokoa, rS = .51, p = .06. Ha rea ​​fumana khokahano ea bohlokoa bakeng sa lipapatso tse ling tsa BIS-10 le BIS-10 kakaretso le KFG le G-SAS.

ponahalo e nyane
Setšoantšo sa 5. Litokellano tsa bohlokoa tse amanang le mekhoa ea khokahano

 

Merero ea Scatter e bonts'a khokahanyo ea bohlokoa lipakeng tsa moelelo zLitekanyetso tsa lihlopha tse thibetsoeng tsa sehlopha li bapisa bakuli ba PG> taolo le litloaelo tsa ho tsuba (palo ea lisakerete ka letsatsi [cig / d]), BIS subscale e sa reroang le VAS ea takatso. Palo ea bakuli ba PG bakeng sa peo ea gyrus e ka pele e bohareng ba sebaka se A): N.Lits'oants'o = 19, le sebakeng se nepahetseng sa peo ea striatal B): NLits'oants'o= 14.

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0084565.g005

Likhohlano pakeng tsa gyrus e nepahetseng ea bohareng bo kahare le lehare le letona la moea (Nlithibelo = 18, NLits'oants'o = 14)

Lihlopha ha lia ka tsa fapana haholo ho boleng ba khokahano pakeng tsa peo ea pele le ea harese.

Puisano

Re fumane hore bakuli ba PG ba bonts'a khokahanyo e sebetsang pakeng tsa libaka tsa PFC le sisteme ea moputso oa mesolimbic, hammoho le khokahano e fokolisitsoeng sebakeng sa PFC. Ka ho khetheha, bakuli ba PG ba bonts'itse khokahano e kholo lipakeng tsa gyrus e nepahetseng ea bohareng le striatum e nepahetseng joalo ka ha e bapisoa le taolo, e neng e tsamaellana hantle le subscale e sa sebetseng ea BIS, ho tsuba le ho lakatsa lintlha. Phokotso ea khokahano e fumanoe ho bakuli ba PG ho tloha ka letsohong le letona la bohare bo ka pele ho ea libakeng tse ling tsa pele. Habohlokoa, sehlopheng sa sehlopha re hlokometse khokahano e sebetsang ho tloha ho "ventral striatum" ho ea likarolong tsa orbital PFC, tse neng li pheta mekhoa ea khokahano ea pejana [7,8,57].

Ho se leka-lekane pakeng tsa ts'ebetso ea pele le ts'ebetso ea moputso oa mesolimbic ho khothalelitsoe ho kenya letsoho molemong oa boitšoaro bo tlatsetsang [18,19] e ipapisitse le liphuputso tse entsoeng ho bakuli ba tlalehang mosebetsi o fetotsoeng oa PFC [10], le liphetoho tsa tšebetso libakeng tsa sistimi ea moputso joaloka "ventral striatum [11-16]. Ho tšoana le ha re fumana khokahanyo e sebetsang pakeng tsa PFC le striatum, Tschernegg et al. [48] e bone ho eketseha ha ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ho bakuli ba PG ha ho bapisoa le taolo e sebelisang mokhoa oa graph-theoretical. Khokahano e kenelletseng ea ts'ebelisano pakeng tsa PFC le sistimi ea moputso le eona e tlalehiloe ka bothata ba tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi [41,44,45,58]. Khokahano e ntseng e eketseha pakeng tsa "ventromedial / orbitofrontal PFC" le "ventral striatum" e fumanoe ho basebelisi ba heroin ba sa foleng [41le basebelisi ba koae ba bang [45]. Tšebelisano e fetotsoeng lipakeng tsa meralo ea pele le sesebelisoa sa meputso ea mesolimbic ho PG e arolelana mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng o tšoanang le litheko tsena tse amanang le litheko, ho fana ka maikutlo a hore mokhoa oa ts'ebetso o akaretsang oa mathata a amanang le keketseho ea boitšoaro ba tloaelo.

Ntle le moo, re fumane ho fokotseha ha khokahano e sebetsang pakeng tsa gyrus e nepahetseng ea bohareng le libakeng tse ling tsa pele (ke hore, anterior cingrate cortex e atolohileng ho bilateral Supreme frontal and paridingulate gyrus) ho bakuli ba PG ha ho bapisoa le taolo. Hammoho le sephetho sa lithuto tsa ho nahana ka boitšoaro le boitšoaro ho PG tse tlalehang li fokotse tšebetso ea PFC ea "20,59le ho sitisa tšebetso ea botsamaisi le ho etsa liqeto [21-24], ho fumana ha rona ho fana ka maikutlo a phetoho mokhatlong o sebetsang oa PFC. Leha ho le joalo, ha rea ​​ka ra fumana phapang lipakeng tsa bakuli ba PG le taolo ea bohlale ba mokelikeli, e leng moaho o amanang le ts'ebetso ea pele ea lobe [60], ho fana ka tlhahiso ea hore liphetoho tse hlokometsoeng mabapi le khokahano ha li na matla a ho lemoha, 'me li ka' na tsa ikhetholla ts'ebetsong ea lefu lena. Khokahano e fetotsoeng kahare ho PFC e tsamaellana le tlhekefetso e tlang pele e tlalehiloeng ts'ebetsong ea mosebetsi [10] le lithuto tsa fMRI tsa phomolo ea boemo ba tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi [39,41] le PG [48]. Ho feta moo, e kanna ea kenya letsoho khokahanong e fetotsoeng lipakeng tsa PFC le sebaka sa mantlha sa tsamaiso ea moputso oa boko, sephethephethe sa moea, mme se ka ba le tšusumetso ea ho fetoha ha maemo a holimo-limo a libaka tse amanang le moputso.

Bakeng sa ho hlahloba hore na liphumano tse amanang le ts'ebeliso ea bakuli ba PG li amana le mekhoa ea boits'oaro, re ile ra hlahloba khokahano lipakeng tsa khokahano e sebetsang ea li-network tse amehang le ho qobelloa, matšoao a ho teba le ho tsuba ka har'a sehlopha sa PG. Re fumane khokahano e nepahetseng lipakeng tsa puisano e nepahetseng ea bohareng ba bohareng le khokahano e nepahetseng ea "striatum" le tšitiso ea ho se ts'oarelle le ho ts'oara litheko tsa papali ea chelete. Ntle le moo, lenane la lisakerete ka letsatsi le kopantsoe hantle le matla a khokahano pakeng tsa peo e kahare ea bohareng le li-striatum tse nepahetseng le matla a khokahano lipakeng tsa peo e nepahetseng ea "striatal seed" le "cerebellum". Litlatsetso tse ntle li fana ka maikutlo a hore liphetoho tse mabapi le ts'ebetso ea khokahano e sebetsang ha li amane feela le ho lakatsa, empa hape le sesupo sa bokhoni ba ho rala bakeng sa bokamoso - mohlala, ho batla ho hlahisa sepheo le menyaka - le tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi joalo ka ho tsuba. Ha Reuter et al. [27] e bonts'itse mosebetsi oa pele oa ho kenyelletsa pele le ho fumana chelete nakong ea ho fumana phaello ea chelete ho PG e boletsoeng esale pele ka ho teba ka ho becha ho lekantsoeng ke KFG, ha rea ​​ka ra fumana kamano lipakeng tsa KFG le lintlha tsa G-SAS le liphetoho lipakeng tsa khokahano e sebetsang pakeng tsa PFC le striatum. Kahoo, liphetoho tse bonoeng tšebetsong ea ts'ebetso li ka bonts'a mekhoa e eketsang menyetla ea ho ba le mekhoa ea papali ea chelete ho fapana le matšoao a PG ka boyona.

Libaka tsa peo tse sebelisitsoeng mona bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea khokahano e sebetsang li ile tsa phatlalatsoa hamorao ho fihlela hemisphere e nepahetseng. Sena se bakoa ke hore li ne li ipapisitse le liphetho tsa thuto ea rona ea VBM e fetileng [49] e bonts'a phapang e kholo ea molumo oa litaba oa bohlooho o sebakeng sa PFC se nepahetseng le litekanyetso tse nepahetseng lipakeng tsa bakuli ba PG le taolo e tsamaeang. Kameho e nepahetseng ea morao-rao e lumellana le bopaki ba pejana bo bonts'ang hore ts'ebetso ea botsamaisi ba pele, joalo ka taolo ea thibelo, e haholo kahara hemisphere [61-63]. Ho feta moo, ho nka karolo ha PFC e nepahetseng ho bontšitsoe le ho itaola [64-67]. Mabapi le ts'ebetso ea moputso, lithuto tse inahaneloang ho PG li tlaleha liphetoho tsa morao-rao nakong ea ts'ebetso ea meputso: Liphetoho tse fumanoeng feela kahare ho sepheo se nepahetseng li fumanoe ka lebaka la ts'usumetso ea papali ea chelete [29] le nakong ea ts'ebetso ea moputso oa chelete [27].

Kaha bakuli ba PG ba ne ba sa thijane ebile ba sa phekoloe, boithuto ba hona joale bo lekantsoe ho kakaretso ea eona. Ho bapisoa le lithuto tse ling ka ho itšetleha ka thepa ho thata, kaha li entsoe haholo ho bakuli ba maemong a thibeloang [39,45]. Ntle le moo, tlhaiso-leseling e fumanoeng ha e lumelle tlhahlobo ea likamano lipakeng tsa marang-rang a khokahano [68], e neng e tla fana ka kutloisiso e eketsehileng ea tšebelisano e tataisang pakeng tsa PFC le sistimi ea moputso oa mesolimbic.

Qetellong, sephetho sa rona se bonts'a liphetoho lipakeng tsa ts'ebelisano 'moho le PG ka khokahano e eketsehileng lipakeng tsa libaka tsa sistimi ea moputso le PFC, e ts'oanang le e tlalehiloeng bothateng ba tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi. Ho se leka-lekane pakeng tsa ts'ebetso ea pele le ts'ebetso ea moputso oa mesolimbic ho PG, le ho lemalla haholo, ho ka u tsoela molemo ka ho kenella ho tsa tlhaho le tsa kelello, joalo ka boits'oaro bo ikhethileng ba boits'oaro [69] kapa kalafo ea euthymic [70] e shebaneng haholo le ho tloaelana le likhokahano tsa marang-rang tse amanang le ho lokisa moputso.

Ho tšehetsa Boitsebiso

File_S1.pdf
 

Mekhoa ea Tlatsetso le Liphetho tsa tlatsetso.

Fanala S1.

Mekhoa ea Tlatsetso le Liphetho tsa tlatsetso.

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0084565.s001

(PDF)

Setšoantšo S1.

Tahlehelo ea matšoao ho orbitofrontal cortex / ventral striatum : Taba e le 'ngoe ea taolo (1002) le bakuli ba bahlano ba PG (2011, 2019, 2044, 2048, 2061) e ne e na le li-voxels tse ka tlase ho 50% e nang le lets'oao kahare ho peo e nepahetseng ea podral striatal (green). Mohlala, 1001 ea sehlooho e ne e e-na le letšoao ho voxel e ngoe le e ngoe kahare ea peo.

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0084565.s002

(TIF)

Setšoantšo S2.

Ts'ebetso e hokahanyang ea peo e bohareng bo lebileng ha e khannoe ke phapang ea li-grey taba : Ts'ebetso ea khokahano e sebetsang e nang le taba e se nang bohlooho ka ha covariate e fella ka li-voxels tse tšoanang tse tšoanang (tse fetang tse bonts'itsoeng ka 'mala o mosehla). Li-voxels tse bonts'ang likamano tse kholo tsa tlhahlobo le lintho tse bohlooho joalo ka ha li-covariate li bonts'oa ka 'mala o mofubelu. Li-voxels tse bonts'ang likamano tse kholo tsa tlhahlobo ntle le covariate efe kapa efe li bonts'itsoe ka putsoa. Peo e hlahisoa ka botala. A) Likamano tse ntle haholo lihlopheng ka bobeli, B) likamano tse mpe haholo lihlopheng ka bobeli, C) le D) phapang ea sehlopha bakeng sa likamano tse kholo. Nlithibelo = 19, NMesebetsi ea bongaka = 19.

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0084565.s003

(TIF)

Setšoantšo S3.

Ts'ebetso e hokahanyang ea peo e nepahetseng ea "ventral striatal" ha e tsamaisoe ke phapang ea litheko tsa taba e putsoa : Ts'ebetso ea khokahano e sebetsang e nang le taba e se nang bohlooho ka ha covariate e fella ka li-voxels tse tšoanang tse tšoanang (tse fetang tse bonts'itsoeng ka 'mala o mosehla). Li-voxels tse bonts'ang likamano tse kholo tsa tlhahlobo le lintho tse bohlooho joalo ka ha li-covariate li bonts'oa ka 'mala o mofubelu. Li-voxels tse bonts'ang likamano tse kholo tsa tlhahlobo ntle le covariate efe kapa efe li bonts'itsoe ka putsoa. Peo e hlahisoa ka botala. A) Likamano tse ntle haholo lihlopheng ka bobeli, B) likamano tse mpe haholo lihlopheng ka bobeli, C) phapang ea sehlopha bakeng sa likamano tse kholo: bakuli ba PG> taolo. Ka kopo hlokomela hore taolo ea phapang ea sehlopha> bakuli ba PG e ne e se bohlokoa. Nlithibelo = 18, NMesebetsi ea bongaka = 14.

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0084565.s004

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Tafole S1.

Libaka tsa boko li bonts'a khokahanyo ea bohlokoa lihlopheng tsena ka bobeli le bakeng sa phapanyetsano ea sehlopha mabapi le ts'ebetso ea tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso ntle le bohloeki ba litaba tse hlakileng.

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0084565.s005

(PDF)

lumela hore baa fokola

Re leboha Caspar Dreesen, Eva Hasselmann, Chantal Mörsen, Hella Schubert, Noemie Jacoby le Sebastian Mohnke ka thuso ea bona ho kenyeng thuto le ho fumana lintlha tsa thuto ena. Re rata hape ho leboha lithuto tsohle ka ho nka karolo.

Menehelo ea Mongoli

O ile a amohela le ho hlophisa liteko: SK EVDM AH AV NRS. O entse liteko: SK NRS. Ho hlahlobisisa data: SK SOC DM. Li-reagents tse kentsoeng / lisebelisoa / lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo: AH AV NRS DM. Ngola mongolo o ngotsoeng: SK SOC EVDM AH AV NRS DM. Ho nka karolo ha barupeluoa: SK NRS.

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