https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/08/180802115515.htm
Na li-neuron tsa dopamine li na le karolo ea ho etsa hore li-cues tse tikolohong ea rona li fumane boleng? Mme, haeba ho joalo, na lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa "dopamine neuron" li sebeletsa mesebetsi e fapaneng ka har'a ts'ebetso ee?
Tsena ke lipotso tseo bafuputsi ba Univesithing ea Minnesota Medical School ba batlang ho li araba.
Patlisiso ea morao tjena e phatlalalitsoe ka Nature Neuroscience Setsebi sa methapo ea kutlo sa Univesithi ea Minnesota ea Sekolo sa Bongaka Benjamin Saunders, PhD, se sebelisa mofuta oa boemo ba Pavlovia ho bona hore na ho bonesa lebone - leseli le bonolo - pejana feela ha li-dopamine neurons li ka ts'oaroa li ka susumetsa ketso. Moetso oa khale oa Pavlov o ne o kopanya ho lla ha tšepe le ho fa ntja e lutlisang mathe eo, ha nako e ntse e tsamaea, e ileng ea etsa hore ntja e rothe ha tšepe e lla kapa e se na steak. Phuputsong ena, leha ho le joalo, ho ne ho se na moputso oa "'nete" joalo ka lijo kapa metsi, molemong oa ho lumella bafuputsi ho arola ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea dopamine neuron.
"Re ne re batla ho tseba hore na li-neuron tsa dopamine li ikarabella ka kotloloho bakeng sa ho fana ka boleng ho mekhoa ena ea nakoana ea tikoloho, joalo ka matšoao," ho boletse Saunders, ea ileng a etsa tse ling tsa lipatlisiso tsa hae e le motho ea sebetsang ka morao ho laboratori ea Patricia Janak, PhD, ho Johns Univesithi ea Hopkins.
Dopamine neurons, lisele tse bokong tse bulehang ha li fumana moputso. Hape ke li-neuron tse senyehang lefung la Parkinson.
"Re ithutile hore li-dopamine neurons ke tsela e 'ngoe eo boko ba rona bo fanang ka lintlha tse re potileng moelelo," ho boletse Saunders. "Ts'ebetso ea li-dopamine neurons feela - leha lijo li le sieo, lithethefatsi, kapa lintho tse ling tse putsoang ka tlhaho - e ka hlahisa maikutlo a bohlokoa, ea li fa matla a ho susumetsa liketso."
Ho arabela potso ea bobeli ea mantlha, bafuputsi ba ile ba lebisa tlhokomelo ho likarolo tse ikhethileng tsa li-dopamine neurons - tse fumanehang sebakeng se seholo sa nigra (SNc) le tse fumanehang sebakeng sa ventral tegmental (VTA). Mefuta ena e 'meli ea li-neuron e kile ea ithutoa makaleng a fapaneng a lipatlisiso tsa mafu - li-neuron tsa SNc ho lefu la Parkinson, le li-neurone tsa VTA lithutong tsa bokhoba.
Bo-rasaense ba ithutile hore lintlha tse bolelang esale pele ts'ebetsong ea mefuta e 'meli ea li-neurone li khanna likarabo tse fapaneng haholo - tse bolelang esale pele hore li-neuron tsa SNc li lebisitse karabong ea karabelo ea "tsoha' me e tsamaee" ea motsamao o potlakileng o matlafalitsoeng. Tlhahiso e boletsoeng esale pele ea ts'ebetso ea VTA neuron activation, leha ho le joalo, e ile ea hohela ka boyona, ea khannela sebaka sa sebaka sa cue, mofuta oa "ke ea kae?" karabo.
"Liphetho tsa rona li senola likarolo tse ts'oanang tsa ho susumetsa li-dopamine neurons ho arabela lits'oants'o. Boemong ba 'nete ba lefatše, mefuta eohle ea tšusumetso e bohlokoa, "ho boletse Saunders. "U tlameha ho khothala ho potoloha le ho itšoara hantle, 'me u tlameha ho khothaletsoa ho ea sebakeng se itseng sa lintho tseo u li batlang le tseo u li hlokang."
Liphetho tsena li fana ka kutloisiso ea bohlokoa mabapi le ts'ebetso ea li-dopamine neurons tse amanang le li susumetso tse susumetsoang ke likhakanyo tsa tikoloho. Mme mosebetsi ona o thusa kutloisisong ea ho khutla hape bakeng sa ba loanang le bokhoba ba ho lemalla.
"Haeba ho tseba - letshwao, mokokotlo, bareng e ratoang - e nka boleng bo matla ba ts'usumetso, ho tla ba thata ho hanela lisosa tsa ho oela hape," ho boletse Saunders. "Rea tseba hore dopamine e ea ameha, empa sepheo sa bohlokoa bakeng sa lithuto tsa nako e tlang ke ho utloisisa hore na tšusumetso e tloaelehileng, e phelisang hantle e fapana joang le tšusumetso e sa sebetseng e hlahang bathong ba nang le lithethefatsi le mafu a amanang le ona."
Mohloli oa pale:
thepa fanoeng ke Univesithi ea Minnesota Medical School. Tlhokomeliso: Boitsebiso bo ka fetoha bakeng sa mokhoa le bolelele.
Journal Reference:
- Benjamin T. Saunders, Jocelyn M. Richard, Elyssa B. Margolis, Patricia H. Janak. Li-neuron tsa dopamine li theha maemo a ts'oaetso a Pavlovian a nang le likarolo tsa tšusumetso tse hlalositsoeng ka potoloho. Nature Neuroscience, 2018; 21 (8): 1072 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-018-0191-4
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