Phuputso e ncha e fana ka leseli la ho amana pakeng tsa dopamine le matšoao a ho tepella maikutlong
Sehlopha sa bafuputsi se Stanford se atlehile ho khothaletsa le ho phokotsa bofokoli bo kang bo sithabetsang maikutlong le lithutong tsa litoeba ka ho laola sebaka sa boko se tsejoang ka hore ke ho qhekella ka hare sebaka. Karolo eo ea boko ke mohloli oa matla a dopamine le sebapali sa mantlha bokong ba methapo ea kelello le meputso.
Ena ke tsoelo-pele ea bohlokoa kutloisisong ea rona ea tlhaho ea khatello ea maikutlo le boits'oaro bo amanang, ka ts'usumetso ea lipatlisiso tsa nako e tlang
Lintlha tse ling mabapi le thuto li fanoa ho a ho lokolloa:
[Bafuputsi] ba ne ba khona ho kenyelletsa le ho imolla matšoao a kang khatello ea maikutlo ho litoeba tsa laboratori ka ho fetola liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa dopamine ho VTA hore e hlokomele khanya. Ba sebelisa likhoele tsa fiber optic tse kentsoeng bokong ba litoeba, ba ka hlahisa hang-hang le ho thibela matšoao a kang a khatello ea maikutlo ka ho tima lebone le ho le tima. Mokhoa ona oa ho etsa lipatlisiso, o ntlafalitsoeng ke Deisseroth ho Stanford ho 2005, o tsejoa e le optogenetics.
Sehlopha se ile sa hlahloba litoeba boemong ba ho tepella maikutlo bo fokolang, bo susumetsoang ke maemo a tlase a hlohlelletsoang ke khatello ea maikutlo eo li-neurons tsa VTA li neng li fetotsoe optogenetically. "Ha ho fanoa ka tšusumetso e bobebe ho li-dopamine neurons tsa VTA, litoeba tsena li bontšitse keketseho e matla boits'oaro bo amanang le ho baleha. Hanghang ba ile ba leka ka matla ho tsoa maemong a qholotsang - ba khutlela maemong a tloahelehileng a boemo bo kang ba khatello ea maikutlo ba bona, "ho hlalositse Deisseroth.
Stanford bioengineer le sengoli se phahameng sa thuto Karl Deisseroth, MD, PhD, o arabile ka bohlokoa ba lipatlisiso, a re, "Liphetho tsena li amme ka kotloloho sehlopha se le seng sa neuron sebakeng se le seng sa boko - ho hlahisa le ho imolla matšoao a amanang le khatello ea maikutlo, ho sebetsana le sephiri sa maloetse a amanang le lefu lena. ”
Ha e ntse e le diphetho (ngoliso e ea hlokahala) lia tsebahala, Deisseroth o hlokomelisitse hore khatello ea maikutlo le mafu a mang a kelello a rarahane, maemo a fapaneng a fapaneng ho bakuli. Empa, a re,
… VTA dopamine circry eo re ithutileng eona e ts'oana haholo litšoantšong le bathong. 'Me re bonts'a hore li-neurons tse potolohong ena li baka ka ho hlaka le ho tšoaea matšoao a fapaneng a khatello ea maikutlo. Ena ke tsoelo-pele ea bohlokoa kutloisisong ea rona ea tlhaho ea khatello ea maikutlo le boits'oaro bo amanang, ka ts'usumetso ea lipatlisiso tsa nako e tlang.
Nakong e fetileng: Ho sebelisa leseli ho utloisisa mafu a kelello haholoanyane
Bo-rasaense ba kenya letsoho le ho imolla khatello ea maikutlo ba sebelisa leseli litali
Bafuputsi ba tsoang Univesithing ea Stanford, ke lekhetlo la pele ba sebelisitse ka katleho leseli ho hlasimolla karolo ea boko ho litoeba ho hohela le ho phomola ho tepella maikutlong hona-Na matšoao a ho hloka thabo le ho hloka tšusumetso. Liphetho li phatlalalitsoe makasineng ea Dec. 12 ea koranta ea mahlale e tsebahalang Nature.
Har'a ba nang le khatello ea khatello ea maikutlo, bokhoni bo kopanetsoeng ba ho thabela ho natefeloa ke lintho tse khahlisang le ho itlhasimolla - ho kopana le liphephetso, kapa esita le ho tsoha betheng hoseng - li ngotsoe ka mashome a lilemo, leha e le hore ke mohopolo o makatsang. mefuta ena e fapaneng ea matšoao e bonts'a hammoho, hape e nyamela hammoho ha khatello ea maikutlo e phekoloa ka katleho.
Ho 'nile ha belaelloa hore dopamine ea k'hemik'hale ea boko e ka ba sebapali sa bohlokoa bokuling. Mme leha ho le joalo, nalaneng e telele ea boithuto ba khatello ea maikutlo, ha ho motho ea atlehileng ho tiisa likhopolo tsena tsa bohlokoa hammoho, ho fihlela joale.
Patlisiso e fana ka leseli ka mekhoa e meng e ka bakang bokuli bo amanang le nako ea selemo, e tsejoang haholo ke lebitso la SAD, le atileng libakeng tse nang le nako e matla ea mariha kapa e tsoetseng pele ea mariha.
Bafuputsi Univesithing ea Stanford ba atlehile ho susumetsa le ho kokobetsa bofokoli bo kang bo sithabetsang maikutlong le lithutong tsa litoeba ka ho laola karolo e le 'ngoe feela ea boko e tsejoang ka hore ke "ventral tegmental". Ke lekhetlo la pele mefuta e hlalositsoeng hantle ea li-neuron kahare ho karolo e itseng ea boko e ts'oeroe ka kotloloho taolong ea matšoao a kula a maholo a sithabetsang.
Sekolo sa Bongaka sa Stanford sa Bongaka se lula har'a likolo tse phahameng tsa bongaka tsa naha, se kopanyang lipatlisiso, thuto ea bongaka, tlhokomelo ea bakuli le ts'ebeletso ea sechaba. Bakeng sa litaba tse ling ka sekolo, ka kopo etela http://mednews.stanford.edu. Sekolo sa bongaka ke karolo ea Stanford Medicine, e kenyelletsang Sepetlele sa Stanford & Litleliniki le Sepetlele sa Bana sa Lucile Packard.
Stanford bioengineer Karl Deisseroth, MD, PhD, le sehlopha se kenyelletsang litsebi tsa morao-rao Kay Tye, PhD, le Melissa Warden, PhD, le motlatsi oa lipatlisiso Julie Mirzabekov ba sebelisitse mokhoa o tsejoang ka hore ke optogenetics ho supa sebaka se itseng sa boko se hlahisang khatello ea maikutlo e ngata joalo ka matšoao.
Sekolo sa Boenjiniere sa Stanford e bile ka pele ho boiphihlelo bakeng sa lilemo tse ka bang lekholo, se theha mahlale a morao-rao le likhoebo tse fetotseng lefatše la mahlale, bongaka, matla le likhokahanyo le ho rala motheo oa Silicon Valley. Sekolo se hatela pele saenseng ea sejoale-joale le boenjineri ka ho ruta le ho etsa lipatlisiso. Sekolo se na le mafapha a robong, fakalthi ea 245 le baithuti ba fetang 4,000, ho sebetsana le mathata a bohloko ka ho fetisisa lefats'eng libakeng tse kang bophelo bo botle ba batho le botsitso ba tikoloho.
Sebaka seo ho buuoang ka sona ke sebaka sa ventral tegmental, kapa VTA, mohloli oa dopamine le sebapali se bohareng lits'ebetsong tsa kahare tsa boko le meputso.
"Ka lekhetlo la pele re tlamme ka kotloloho li-dopamine neurons ho VTA ho laola le ho imolla matšoao ana a fapaneng haholo le a fapaneng,"
ho boletse Deisseroth, sengoli se phahameng sa thuto le moprofesa oa bioengineering le ea psychiatry le science science.
"Le ha khatello ea maikutlo e le lefu le rarahaneng le sa tsejoeng ka bongata, tsebo ena e ka thusa ho hlahisa mefuta e mecha ea lipatlisiso litseleng tsa khatello ea maikutlo bokong, le ho hlahisa likhopolo ho thusa batho ba nang le khatello ea maikutlo."
Sehlopha sa Deisseroth se khonne ho susumetsa le ho imolla matšoao a mangata a ho tepella maikutlo litoebong tsa laboratori ka ho fetola liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa dopamine neurons ho VTA hore li utloisise leseli. Ba sebelisa likhoele tsa fiber optic tse kentsoeng bokong ba litoeba, ka nako eo ba ne ba ka hlahisa le ho thibela matšoao a kang a khatello ea maikutlo ka ho bonesa le ho bonesa. Mokhoa ona oa ho etsa lipatlisiso, o hlahisitsoeng ke Deisseroth ho la Stanford ka 2005, o tsejoa e le optogenetics.
Sehlopha se ile sa hlahloba litoeba boemong ba ho tepella maikutlo bo fokolang, bo susumetsoang ke maemo a tlase a hlohlelletsoang ke khatello ea maikutlo eo li-neurons tsa VTA li neng li fetotsoe optogenetically.
“Ha litoeba tsena li fuoa matla a khanyang ho VTA dopamine neurons, li bontšitse keketseho e matla ea boitšoaro bo amanang le ho baleha. Hanghang ba ile ba leka ka matla ho tsoa maemong a phephetsang - ho khutlela maemong a tloaelehileng a boiteko bo tsoang boemong bo sithabetseng boo ba neng ba le ho bona, ”
ho hlalositse Deisseroth.
Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, o itse, ha a fana ka khetho ea metsi a tsoekere ka ntle ho thota, litoeba tse neng li le maemong a sithabetsang joalo li ile tsa khetha metsi a tsoekere ka maqhubu a mangata ha li-neurons tsa tsona tsa VTA dopamine li ne li susumetsoa ke khanya. Ba ikhethetse ho natefeloa - ho khutlela maemong a tloaelehileng.
Qetellong, ebile ho makatsang ke hore Deisseroth o hlokometse, optogenetically inhibitine ea VTA dopamine neurons ho e-na le ho e tsosa e bakoang, ho e-na le ho khalemeloa, mefuta ka bobeli ea matšoao a khatello ea maikutlo - hanghang le ka mokhoa o ikhethileng.
"Liphetho tsena li amme ka kotloloho sehlopha se le seng sa methapo ea kutlo sebakeng se le seng sa boko - ventral tegmental dopamine neurons - ka bobeli li hlahisa le ho imolla matšoao a fapaneng haholo a amanang le khatello ea maikutlo, ho sebetsana le sephiri sa lefu la pathophysiology," ho boletse Deisseroth.
Mme leha ho le joalo, potso e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa e ne e ntse e sala: Li-neuron tsa VTA dopamine li etsa eng ho li-circuits tse tlase? Ka mantsoe a mang, matšoao a amanang le khatello ea maikutlo a balwa joang?
Ho araba lipotso tsena, bafuputsi ka mor'a moo ba ile ba nka mosebetsi mohato o fetang pele ka ho bona litla-morao tsa tšebetso ea dopamine neuron ho VTA bokong ba li-nucleus, setsi sa kelello se nahanang ho susumetsa mesebetsi e fapaneng ea thabo, mme mohlomong ke sebaka sa ts'ebetso ea lithethefatsi tse lemaletseng. moho le tsa tlhaho meputso. Ho bona phetoho ea li-nucleus accumbens ho ka fana ka tlhahisoleseling ho mochine oa hore na litla-morao tsa VTA dopamine neuron li bonahatsoa joang bokong.
"Ka 'nete, re thehile hore setšoantšo sa ts'ebetso ea motlakase ho li-nucleus accumbens ha e le hantle se fetotsoe ke ts'ebetso ea VTA dopamine neuron. Haeba re kenya tšebetsong li-neuron tsa VTA dopamine, e susumetsa kopano ea bokello ea ketso ea 'mele le ketso e susumetsoang, ”
a hatisa Deisseroth. Ka bobeli, liphetho tsena li ne li supa temohisiso ea nako e telele ea potoloho mabapi le lisosa le mofuta oa boitšoaro bo amanang le khatello ea maikutlo.
Le ha litholoana li le bohlokoa, Deisseroth, eo hape e leng ngaka ea mafu a kelello, o lemositse hore khatello ea maikutlo le mafu a mang a kelello a rarahane, a mangata ebile a fapana ho isa ho mokuli ho ea ho mokuli. Matšoao a khatello ea maikutlo a hlile a susumetsoa ke li-circuits tse ngata tsa neural, o boletse joalo.
“Leha ho le joalo, potoloho ea VTA dopamine eo re ithutileng eona e ts'oana le litoeba le batho. Mme re bontšitse hore li-neuron tse potolohong ena li baka, li lokisa le ho kholisa matšoao a fapaneng a khatello ea maikutlo. Hona ke khatelo-pele ea bohlokoa kutloisisong ea rona ea motheo oa tlholeho ea khatello ea maikutlo le boits'oaro bo amanang le eona, ka ts'episo ea ts'ebeliso ea lipatlisiso tsa nako e tlang, "
ho boletse Deisseroth.
Phuputso ea morao-rao, e phatlalalitsoeng bekeng e fetileng ke bafuputsi Univesithing ea Queensland Australia e fumane mochine o bakang lebaka la ho ikoetlisa 'meleng o etsang hore lisele tsa "stem" li hlahise ka matla lisele tsa methapo ea kutlo bokong tse khutlisang ho theoha ho tsejoang hangata joalo ka lilemo tsa liphoofolo.
"Re fumane hore" Growth Hormone (GH) ea pele e fumanoeng e le e khothalletsang kholo ea liphoofolo e eketseha mohopolong oa liphoofolo tse mathang mme sena se matlafatsa ts'ebetso ea lisele tse ncha tsa neural stem, "
Rasaense oa QBI Dr Daniel Blackmore o boletse joalo.
Phuputso ena e ile ea etsoa ka litoeba tsa khale, tse bonts'a ho theoha ho lekanang ha batho.
Haeba u batla ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba hau ba kelello, e-ba le kelello e phetseng hantle 'me u ntlafatse tsela eo u ikutloang ka eona ka bophelo, hammoho le ho fokotsa PCOS matšoao ka ntlafatsa kutloisiso ea insulin, karabo, ka hona, e holim'a ho chaba letsatsi le ho ikoetlisa!
mehloling
Chaudhury, Lipesh. (2012-12-12) Melao e potlakileng ea boitšoaro bo amanang le khatello ea maikutlo ka taolo ea li-neurop tsa dbamine tsa midbrain. Tlhaho, 351. DOI: 10.1038 / nature11713
Tye, Kay M. (2012-12-12) Dopamine neurons e feto-fetola ho fana ka maikutlo a neural le polelo ea boitšoaro bo amanang le khatello ea maikutlo. Tlhaho, 2877. DOI: 10.1038 / nature11740
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-12/sumc-rir121112.php
Blackmore DG, Vukovic J, Metsi a Metsi, le Bartlett PF. (2012) GH Mediates Exercise-Dependent activation of SVZ Neural Precursor Cels in Aged Mice. PloS e le 'ngoe, 7 (11). PMID: 23209615
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