Mekhoa e tloaelehileng le e fapaneng e thehiloeng ho valence ea moputso le mekhahlelo ea ho sebetsana le lintlha: Kakaretso ea lipalo tsa lithuto tsa ts'ebetso ea tlhaho ea bokooa (2011))

E hatisitsoe ka mokhoa o qetelle o hlophisitsoeng e le:

PMCID: PMC3395003

NIHMSID: NIHMS261816

Moetso oa khatiso oa ho qetela oa mohatisi o fumaneha ho Neurosci Biobehav Rev

Sheba lihlooho tse ling ho PMC hore Qotsa sehlooho se hatisitsoeng.

Eya ho:

inahaneloang

Ho utloisisa hofeta potolohong ea moputso bokong ba motho, re entse tlhahlobo ea bokhoni ba ts'ebetso (ALE) le parametric voxel-based meta-analysis (PVM) lithutong tse 142 tsa neuroimaging tse ileng tsa hlahloba ts'ebetso ea boko ho mesebetsi e amanang le moputso ho batho ba baholo ba phetseng hantle. Re hlokometse likarolo tse 'maloa tsa boko tse nkileng karolo ho etseng liqeto tse amanang le moputso, ho kenyelletsa le li-nucleus accumbens (NAcc), caudate, putamen, thalamus, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), patella ea ka hare ea naha, anterior (ACC) le posterior (PCC) cingrate cortex. , hammoho le libaka tse laoloang ke kelello kahara parietal lobule e ka tlase le preortal cortex (PFC). NAcc e ne e tloaetse ho etsoa ke meputso e mebe le e mebe ho pholletsa le mekhahlelo e mengata ea ts'ebetso ea moputso (mohlala, tebello, sephetho le tlhahlobo). Ntle le moo, ea kalafo ea OFC le ea PCC li arabetse moputsong likhethong tse ntle, athe ACC, bankeng ea naha e kenang ka ntle le bohlophisi, 'me ka kotlolloho e ile ea amohela likhetho tse mpe. Tebello ea moputso e entse hore ts'ebetso ea ACC e sebetse ka kotloloho, le lefu la kelello, athe sephetho sa moputso se hlahisitse NAcc, medial OFC le amygdala haholo. Likhopolo tsa Neurobiological tsa ho etsa liqeto tse amanang le moputso li lokela ho tsamaisoa le ho hokahanngoa le lipapatso tsa boleng ba moputso le teko ea maemo a holimo.

Keywords: tlhatlhobo ea meta, moputso, li-bokellase tsa nucleus, orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingrate cortex, anterior insula

1. Selelekela

Batho ba tobana le liqeto tse ngata tse amanang le moputso tse etsang menyetla ea letsatsi le letsatsi. Bophelo ba rona ba 'mele, ba kelello le ba boiketlo ba sechaba ka kakaretso bo itšetleha ka litlamorao tsa likhetho tseo re li etsang. Ka hona, ho bohlokoa haholo ho utloisisa hore na ho etsa liqeto tse amanang le moputso ho sebetsa joang. Ho ithuta ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea ho etsa liqeto tse amanang le moputso ho boetse ho re thusa ho utloisisa hamolemohali likotsi tse fapaneng tsa boitšoaro le kelello tse bang teng ha ts'ebetso e joalo e sitisoa, joalo ka khatello ea maikutlo (Drevets, 2001, tlhekefetso (Bechara, 2005; Garavan le Stout, 2005; Volkow et al., 2003), le mathata a ho ja (Kringelbach et al a., 2003; Volkow le Bohlale, 2005).

Patlisiso e sebetsang ea neuroimaging mabapi le moputso e fetohile tšimo e ntseng e hola ka potlako. Re hlokometse phuputso e kholo ea lipatlisiso tsa neano e mabapi le sebaka sena sa marang-rang, re e-na le lingoliloeng tse ngata tse bohlokoa tse hlahang sebakeng sa database sa PubMed khoeli le khoeli. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, sena sea thabisa hobane sephetho se hloahloa se bohlokoa haholo ho hlophiseng liqeto tse amanang le ho etsa liqeto tse amanang le moputso.Basebetsi, 2004; Trepel et al a., 2005). Ka lehlakoreng le leng, heterogeneity ea liphetho hammoho le mekhoa e hanyetsanang nako le nako e etsa hore ho be thata ho fumana setšoantšo se hlakileng sa potoloho ea moputso bokong ba motho. Motsoako oa sephetho se hlahisoa ke lipapatso tse fapaneng tsa liteko tse hlahisitsoeng ke lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa lipatlisiso tse ikemiselitseng ho sebetsana le likarolo tse fapaneng tsa ho etsa liqeto tse amanang le moputso, joalo ka phapang lipakeng tsa tebello ea moputso le sephetho (Breiter et al a., 2001; Knutson et al a., 2001b; McClure et al a., 2003; Rogers et al a., 2004), boleng ba moputso o motle le o seng monate (Liu et al., 2007; Nieuwenhuis et al., 2005; O'Doherty et al., 2003a; O'Doherty et al., 2001; Ullsperger le von Cramon, 2003), le tlhahlobo ea kotsi (Bach et al., 2009; d'Acremont le Bossaerts, 2008; Hsu et al., 2009; Huettel, 2006).

Ka hona, ho bohlokoa ho bokella lithuto tse seng li ntse li le 'moho le ho hlahloba li-network tsa moputso oa mantlha bokong ba motho, ho tsoa lits'ebetsong tse tsamaisoang ke data le maikutlo ho lekola ho tšoana le phapang ea likarolo tse fapaneng tsa ho etsa liqeto tse amanang le moputso. Ho fihlela sepheo sena, re ile ra sebetsa le ho bapisa mekhoa e 'meli e hokahanyang ea meta-analysis (CBMA) (Salimi-Khorshidi et al a., 2009), tekanyetso ea monyetla oa ts'ebetso (ALE) (Laird et al., 2005; Turkeltaub et al., 2002) le parametric voxel-based meta-analysis (PVM) (Litšenyehelo et al a., 2009), e le ho senola concordance ho palo e kholo ea lithuto tse entsoeng ka neanoimaging mabapi le ho etsa liqeto tse amanang le moputso. Re ne re lebelletse hore ts'ebetso ea "ventral striatum" kapa "orbitofrontal cortex" (OFC), libaka tse peli tse kholo tsa projeke tse amanang le ts'ebetso ea moputso, li tla kengoa ts'ebetso kamehla.

Ntle le moo, ho tloha ka pono e susumetsoang ke khopolo, re ikemiselitse ho hlakisa hore na ho na le khethollo ho li-network tsa boko tse nang le boikarabello ba ho sebetsana le tlhahisoleseling e ntle le e mpe ea moputso, mme ba khethang ka mokhoa o khethollang mekhahlelo e fapaneng ea ts'ebetso ea moputso joalo ka tebello ea moputso, sephetho ho lekola, le tlhahlobo ea liqeto. Ho etsa liqeto ho kenyelletsa ho kenyeletsa le ho emisa mekhoa e meng le ho bapisa boleng kapa lits'ebeletso tse amanang le likhetho tsena. Ntle le lits'ebetso tsena, ho nka liqeto hangata ho amahanngoa le maikutlo a mabe kapa a fosahetseng a tsoang liphellong kapa likarabo tsa maikutlo ho likhetho tse entsoeng. Phallo e ntle ea moputso e bua ka likarolo tse ntle tseo re li fumanang (mohlala, thabo kapa khotsofalo) ha sephetho se le setle (mohlala, ho hapa lottery) kapa ho feta kamoo re neng re lebelletse (mohlala, ho lahleheloa ke boleng bo tlase ho feta kamoo ho nahanoang ka teng). Valence ea moputso o fosahetseng e bua ka maikutlo a mabe ao re fetang ho ona (mohlala, ho ferekana kapa ho ikoahlaela) ha sephetho se le seng (mohlala, ho lahleheloa ke papali ea chelete) kapa ho mpefala ho feta kamoo re lebelletseng (mohlala, boleng ba setoko bo ntseng bo eketseha bo tlase ho feta bo nahanoang). Leha lithuto tse fetileng li lekile ho khetholla marang-rang a meputso a shebileng ho sebetsana le leseli le nepahetseng kapa le seng (Kringelbach, 2005; Liu et al a., 2007), hammoho le tse amehang tebello ea moputso kapa sephetho (Knutson et al a., 2003; Ramnani et al a., 2004), liphetho tsa empirical li kopantsoe. Re ikemiselitse ho bokella lipampiri tse lumellanang ka ho ithuta palo e kholo ea lithuto tse hlahlobang liphapang tsena.

2. Mekhoa

2.1 Patlo ea lingoliloeng le mokhatlo

2.1.1 Tsebiso ea tlhahlobo

Bafuputsi ba babeli ba ikemetseng ba entse patlisiso e batsi ea lingoliloeng bakeng sa lithuto tsa fMRI tse hlahlobang ho nka liqeto tse thehiloeng ho batho. Mantsoe a sebelisitsoeng ho tsoma litšebeletso tsa tlhahiso ea likhakanyo tsa inthanete PUBMED (ho tloha ka Phupjane 2009) e ne e le "fMRI", "moputso", le "qeto" (e entsoeng ke mofuputsi oa pele), "mosebetsi oa ho etsa liqeto", "fMRI" le "motho ”(Ka mofuputsi oa bobeli). Liphetho tsa pele tsa patlo li kopantsoe ho hlahisa kakaretso ea lingoloa tse 182. Lingoloa tse ling tse 90 li fumanoe sebakeng sa polokelo ea lipatlisiso tsa mofuputsi oa boraro ho fihlela ka Phupjane 2009 a sebelisa "moputso" le "MRI" e le mokhoa oa ho sefa. Re batlana le database tsa BrainMap re sebelisa Sleuth, ka "task task" le "fMRI" joalo ka lipatlisiso, 'me ra fumana lingoliloeng tse 59. Lingoloa tsena kaofela li ne li kentsoe ka har'a database 'me lipehelo tse fetisisang li felisitsoe. Ka mor'a moo re sebelisitse mekhoa e 'maloa ea ho khetholla ho tlosetsa lingoloa tse sa amaneng le thuto ea hona joale. Litekanyetso tsena ke: 1) lithuto tse seng tsa pele tse matla tsa matsoho (mohlala, lingoloa tsa tlhahlobo); 2) lithuto tse sa tlalehang sephetho sebakeng se tloaelehileng sa stereotactic (e ka ba Talairach kapa Montreal Neurological Institute, MNI); 3) lithuto tse sebelisang mesebetsi e sa amaneng le moputso kapa ho etsa liqeto tse thehiloeng ho boleng; 4) lithuto tsa sebopeho sa tlhahlobo ea boko (mohlala, voxel-based morphometry kapa imaging tensor imaging); 5) lithuto feela li ipapisitse le sebaka sa tlhahlobo (ROI) (mohlala, ho sebelisa limmiki kapa lihokela tsa lithuto tse ling); 6) lithuto tsa batho ba khethehileng bao mesebetsi ea bona ea boko e ka khelohang ho batho ba baholo ba phetseng hantle (mohlala, bana, batho ba baholo ba seng ba tsofetse kapa batho ba its'epahallang ke lithethefatsi), le ha ho kopantsoe lihokela tsa lithuto tsena bakeng sa sehlopha sa batho ba baholo ba phetseng hantle. Phapang pakeng tsa mekhoa eo lithuto li neng li laetsoe ho tlaleha liqeto nakong ea mesebetsi (ke hore, ka molomo, ka tobetsa ea tobetsa) e ile ea amoheloa. Sena se hlahisitse lingoliloeng tse 142 lethathamong la ho qetela (le thathamisitsoeng ho sehlomathiso).

Nakong ea tlhahlobo ea data, lithuto li ne li hlophisoa ka merero e fapaneng ea sebaka ka ho lumellanya liphetoho tse kentsoeng lebokoseng la lisebelisoa la GingerALE (http://brainmap.org, Setsi sa Lipatlisiso sa Boithuto ba Univesithi ea Setsi sa Saense sa Bophelo sa Texas, San Antonio, Texas): ho sebelisa FSL ho tlaleha lihokela tsa MNI, ho sebelisa SPM ho tlaleha li-link tsa MNI, ho sebelisa mananeo a mang ho tlaleha li-link tsa MNI, ho sebelisoa mekhoa ea Brett ho fetolela lihokela tsa MNI ho Talairach sebaka, ho sebelisa template ea setso ea Talairach. Manane a likhokahano a neng a le sebakeng sa Talairach a ile a fetoloa sebaka sa MNI ho latela merero ea ona ea pele ea bongaka. Bakeng sa lenane la Brett-Talairach, re fetotse lihokelo tsa khutlisetsa sebakeng sa MNI re sebelisa phetoho e fapaneng ke Brett (ke hore, tal2mni) (Brett et al a., 2002). Bakeng sa lenane la matsoalloa a Talairach, re sebelisitse phetoho ea BrainMap's Talairach-MNI (ke hore, tal2icbm_other). Lenane le hloahloa la lithuto tsohle le entsoe ka ho kopanya lihokela tsohle sebakeng sa MNI ho itokisetsa tlhahlobo-leseling ea ALE e GingerALE.

2.1.2 Ts'ebetso ea liteko

Ho hlahloba li-hypotheses mabapi le litsela tse tloaelehileng le tse ikhethileng tsa moputso tse nkuoang ke likarolo tse fapaneng tsa ho etsa liqeto tse amanang le moputso, re hlophisitse likarolo tsa mekhahlelo ho latela mefuta e 'meli ea tatellano: meputso e ntle le moputso. Re amohetse polelo ea "liteko" e sebelisoang ke database ea BrainMap ho bua ka li-regressor kapa li-phapang tse atisang ho tlaleheloa lithutong tsa fMRI. Bakeng sa moputso o motle, re ile ra hlophisa liteko hore e be meputso e mebe le e mebe. Bakeng sa mekhahlelo ea liqeto, re arotse liteko ka sepheo sa moputso, sephetho le tlhahlobo. Li-coordinates lenaneng le hloahloa tse lumellanang le mekhahlelo ena li kentsoe lenaneng; tseo ho neng ho le thata ho li hlalosetsa kapa ho sa hlalosoe hantle li ne li sa tloheloa. Ka tlase re thathamisa mehlala e ileng ea beoa ho e 'ngoe ea mekhahlelo ena.

Lipapatso tse latelang li thathamisitsoe e le ho sebetsana le meputso e metle: tseo lithuto li hapileng chelete kapa lintlha (Elliott et al a., 2000) (moputso nakong ea katleho); Qoba ho lahleheloa ke chelete kapa lintlha (Kim et al a., 2006) (papiso e tobileng pakeng tsa ho qoba sephetho se nyarosang le ho amohela moputso); o hapile kakaretso ea chelete kapa lintlha tse peli (Knutson et al a., 2001a) (tebello e kholo ea moputso o nyane); lahleheloa ke sekhahla sa chelete kapa lintlha tse peli (Ernst et al a., 2005) (ha ho na tlhōlo $ 0.50> no-win $ 4); amohetse mantsoe a khothatsang kapa lits'oants'o skrineng (Zalla et al a., 2000) (keketseho ea "win"); ba fumana tatso e monate melomong ea bona (O'Doherty et al a., 2002) (tsoekere> tatso e sa nke lehlakore); o ile a lekola hantle khetho (Liu et al a., 2007) (ka ho le letona> ka phoso), kapa o fumane mofuta ofe kapa ofe oa meputso e metle ka lebaka la ho phethela mosebetsi ka katleho.

Liteko tse thathamisitsoeng bakeng sa moputso o seng monate li kenyelletsa tseo lithuto li ileng tsa lahleheloa ke chelete kapa lintlha (Elliott et al., 2000) (kotlo nakong ea ho hloleha); Ha ea ka ea hlola chelete kapa lintlha (Ernst et al a., 2005) (ho se khotsofale ha ho hlotsoe); o hapile chelete e nyane ea chelete kapa lintlha tse peli (Knutson et al a., 2001a) ($ 1 vs. $ 50 moputso); lahleheloa ke kholo ea chelete kapa lintlha tse peli (Knutson et al a., 2001a) (kholo khahlanong le tebello e nyane ea kotlo); hlahlobisisa khetho (Liu et al a., 2007) (fosahetse> ho le letona); kapa ba fumane meputso e meng e mebe joalo ka ts'ebeliso ea tatso e bohloko melomong ea bona (O'Doherty et al a., 2002) (letsoai> tatso e sa nke lehlakore) kapa mantsoe a nyahamisang kapa litšoantšo (Zalla et al a., 2000) (eketsa bakeng sa “lahleha” le phokotso ea "win").

Ho lebella moputso ho hlalositsoe e le nako eo sehlooho se neng se nahanisisa ka likhetho tse ka bang teng pele o etsa qeto. Mohlala, ho beha bethe le ho lebella ho hapa chelete ho bethe eo ho ka khetholloa e le tebello (Cohen le Ranganath, 2005) (likotsi tse phahameng khahlanong le khetho e tlase). Sephetho sa moputso / phumants'o e ne e thathamisitsoe e le nako eo taba e fumaneng karabo mabapi le khetho e khethiloeng, joalo ka skrini se nang le mantsoe a "win x $" kapa "lahle x x" (Bjork et al a., 2004) (fumana vs sephetho se sa fumaneheng). Ha maikutlo a ne a susumetsa qeto le boitsoaro ba thuto eo tekong e ileng ea latela kapa e sebelisoa e le lets'oao la ho ithuta, phapang e ne e khethiloe e le tlhahlobo ea moputso. Mohlala, qeto e kotsi e fuoang moputso tekong ea pele e ka lebisa taba hore e nke nyeoe e 'ngoe, mohlomong e kholo ho feta tekong e latelang (Cohen le Ranganath, 2005) (Meputso e tlase e lateloang ke liqeto tse nang le likotsi tse tlase). Ho felloa ke matla, tloaelo ea batho ea ho khetha ho qoba tahlehelo ea ho fumana phaello, ke mohlala o mong oa tlhahlobo (Tom et al a., 2007) (kamano lipakeng tsa lambda le neural lahleheloa ke taolo).

2.2 Tekanyetso ea monyetla oa ts'ebetso (ALE)

Algorithm ea ALE e thehiloe ho (Eickhoff et al a., 2009). ALE e etsa mohlala oa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso e le lipehelo tsa 3D tsa Gaussia tse shebaneng le likhokahano tse tlalehiloeng, ebe e bala ho kopana ha lipehelo tsena litekong tse fapaneng (ALE e sebetsana le phapano ka 'ngoe thutong e le teko e arohaneng). Ho se ts'oanehe ha sebaka se amanang le ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ho hakanngoa mabapi le palo ea lithuto thutong e ngoe le e ngoe (ke hore, sampole e kholo e hlahisa mekhoa e ts'epahalang ea ts'ebetso le ho etsa libaka tsa lehae; ka hona likhokahano li kholisitsoe ka kernel e thata ea Gaussian). Khokahano ea mekhoa ea ts'ebetso nakong ea liteko e baloa ka ho kopanya bonngoe ba limmapa tsa ts'ebetso tse boletsoeng ka holimo. Kabo e sa sebetseng e emelang lintlha tsa ALE tse hlahisitsoeng ke ho se lumellane ha sebaka ka har'a lithuto li hakanngoa ka mokhoa oa tumello. Qetellong 'mapa oa ALE o baliloeng ho tsoa likhokahanong tsa' nete tsa ts'ebetso e lekoa khahlano le lintlha tsa ALE ho tloha kabo e sa sebetseng, ho hlahisa 'mapa oa lipalo o emelang litekanyetso tsa p tsa lintlha tsa ALE. Litheko tsa nonparametric p ebe li fetoloa ho ba li- z 'me li seheloa molemong oa sehlopha se lokisitsoeng p <0.05.

Litlhatlhobo tse tšeletseng tse fapaneng tsa ALE li ile tsa etsoa ho sebelisoa GingerALE 2.0 (Eickhoff et al a., 2009), e le ngoe bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea mantlha ea lithuto tsohle, 'me e le' ngoe bakeng sa lethathamo le leng le le leng la tse hlano tse bonts'ang ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea boko ka meputso e ntle kapa e mpe hammoho le tebello, sephetho le tlhahlobo. Litlhahlobo tse peli tsa ho tlosa ALE li ile tsa etsoa ho sebelisoa GingerALE 1.2 (Turkeltaub et al a., 2002), enngwe bakeng sa phapano lipakeng tsa meputso e ntle le e fosahetseng, 'me e' ngoe bakeng sa phapano lipakeng tsa tebello le sephetho.

2.2.1 Tlhahlobo ea mantlha ea lithuto tsohle

Lithuto tsohle tse 142 li kenyellelitsoe tlhahlobisong ea mantlha, e neng e kenyelletsa lintlha tse 5214 tse tsoang ho liteko tsa 655 (lipapatso). Re sebelisitse algorithm e kentsoeng tšebetsong ea GingerALE 2.0, e bonts'ang ALE e ipapisitse le tsitsipano ea sebaka ka seng ho sebelisa tekanyetso ea phapang pakeng tsa lihlooho le liteko tsa liteko. Tekanyetso e qobelletsoe ke mask oa taba e putsoa mme a hakanya ho ts'oana ha menyetla e kaholimo le liteko e le sesosa sa litla-morao, ho e-na le ho sebelisa tlhahlobo ea litlamorao tse lebisitsoeng ho li-foci (Eickhoff et al a., 2009). 'Mapa oa ALE o hlahisitsoeng o ne o thibetsoe ka mokhoa oa bohata oa ho sibolla (FDR) ka p <0.05 le boholo bo tlase ba sehlopha sa li-voxels tse 60 tsa 2 × 2 × 2 mm (ka kakaretso ea 480 mm3) ho itšireletsa khahlanong le litumellano tsa bohata tsa papiso e ngata.

2.2.2 Patlisiso ea motho ka mong ea lethathamo la tse ka tlase

Litlhahlobo tse ling tse hlano tsa ALE li ile tsa boela tsa etsoa ho latela lenane lena le thathamisang liteko tse fapaneng ho ba le meputso e ntle le e fosahetseng, hammoho le tebello ea moputso, tlhahiso ea moputso (sephetho), le tlhahlobo ea khetho. Bakeng sa tlhahlobo e ntle ea moputso, ho ile ha kenyelletsoa tse 2167 tse tsoang litekong tse 283. Tlhahlobo e mpe ea moputso e ne e le tse boletsoeng ho 935 ho tloha litekong tse 140. Palo ea tsepamiso e kenyellelitsoe tlhahlobisong ea tebello, sephetho, le tlhahlobo ea khetho e ne e le 1553 tsepamiso (liteko tsa 185), 1977 (253), le 520 (97), ka ho latellana. Re sebelisitse tlhahlobo e le 'ngoe le mekhoa e menyako joalo ka ha re ile ra etsa tlhahlobo ea mantlha kaholimo.

2.2.3 Ho sekasekoa tlhatlhobo

Re ne re boetse re thahasella ho bapisa libaka tsa boko tse neng li khethiloe ka mokhoa o khethiloeng kapa o khethiloeng ke meputso e metle khahlanong le meputso e mebe, le ka tebello ea moputso le phano ea meputso. GingerALE 1.2 e sebelisitsoe ho etsa litlhahlobo tsena tse peli. Limmapa tsa ALE li ntlafalitsoe ka kernel e nang le FWHM ea 10 mm. Teko ea tumello ea li-foci tse ajoang ka mokhoa o sa reroang le lipapiso tsa 10000 e ile ea etsoa ho fumana boleng ba lipalo tsa limmapa tsa ALE. Ho lokisa lipapiso tse ngata, limmapa tsa ALE tse hlahisitsoeng li ile tsa emisoa ka mokhoa oa FDR ka p <0.05 le boholo ba sehlopha sa li-voxels tse 60.

2.3 Ts'ebetso ea Parametric voxel-based meta-analysis (PVM)

Re boetse ra sekaseka lenane le tšoanang la ho hokahanya re sebelisa mokhoa o mong oa tlhahlobo ea meta, PVM. Ho fapana le tlhahlobo ea ALE, e sebelisang phapang e fapaneng thutong e le liteko tse ikhethileng, tlhahlobo ea PVM e pharalla ho tsoa lipapisong tsohle tse fapaneng lipatlisisong mme e theha 'mapa o le mong o lumellanang bakeng sa thuto e ikhethang.Litšenyehelo et al a., 2009). Ka hona, sephetho sa tlhahlobo ea PVM ke lithuto tsa, ha ho bapisoa motho ka mong liteko / lipapatso tlhahlobisong ea ALE. Sena se boetse se fokotsa leeme la ho hakanya le bakoang ke lithuto tse nang le lipapatso tse ngata tse tlalehang mekhoa e ts'oanang ea ts'ebetso. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang le mokhoa oa ALE, re ile ra etsa lipatlisiso tse tšeletseng tse fapaneng tsa PVM re sebelisa li-algorithm tse sebelisitsoeng ho software ea R ea lipalo (R)http://www.R-project.org) ho tsoa thutong e fetileng (Litšenyehelo et al a., 2009), e le ngoe bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea mantlha ea lithuto tsohle, 'me e le' ngoe bakeng sa lethathamo le leng le le leng la tse hlano tse supang ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea boko ka likarolo tse fapaneng tsa ts'ebetso ea moputso. Litlhahlobo tse peli tsa PVM tse ling li ile tsa etsoa ho sebelisoa motheo o ts'oanang oa khoutu ho bapisa pakeng tsa meputso e ntle le e fosahetseng hammoho le lipakeng tsa tebello ea moputso le sephetho.

2.3.1 Tlhahlobo ea mantlha ea lithuto tsohle

MNI e hokahanya (5214) ho tsoa liphuputsong tse tšoanang tse 142 tse sebelisitsoeng tlhahlobisong ea ALE li ile tsa fetoloa tafole ea mongolo, 'me thuto ka' ngoe ea khetholloa ka leibole e ikhethileng ea boitsebiso ba boithuto. Likhomphutha tse 'mapeng oa tlhoro li ne li thibeloa ka har'a mask sebakeng sa MNI. 'Mapa oa tlhoro o ile oa ntlafatsoa ka lekhetlo la pele ka khenele ea junifomo (ρ = 10 mm) ho hlahisa' mapa o akaretsang, o emelang palo ea lithuto tse tlalehang litlhoro tse kenang tse kenang sebakeng sa 10 mm radius. Ka mor'a moo, litla-morao tsa tlhahlobo ea PVM li ile tsa sebetsoa ho hakanya bohlokoa ba lipalo tse amanang le voxel e ngoe le e ngoe 'mapeng oa kakaretso. Palo ea lithuto 'mapeng o akaretsang e fetotsoe karolo ea lithuto tse tlalehileng ts'ebetso ea concordant. Re sebelisitse monyako o ts'oanang le o sebelisitsoeng tlhahlobisong ea ALE ho khetholla lihlopha tse kholo tsa 'mapa o lekanang (ho sebelisa mokhoa oa FDR ka p <0.05 le boholo ba sehlopha sa li-voxels tse 60).

2.3.2 Patlisiso ea motho ka mong ea lethathamo la tse ka tlase

Litlhahlobo tse ling tse hlano tsa PVM li entsoe lethathamong lena la meputso e mebe le e mebe, hammoho le tebello ea moputso, sephetho le tlhahlobo. Tlhahlobo e ntle ea moputso e kenyelelitse tse 2167 tse lebisitsoeng ho tsoa lithutong tse 111 athe tlhahlobo e mpe ea moputso e kenyelelitse lithuto tse 935 ho tsoa lithutong tse 67. Palo ea lithuto tse kenyellelitsoeng tlhahlobisong ea tebello, sephetho le tlhahlobo ea likhetho e ne e le 1553 tsepamiso (lithuto tse 65), 1977 (86), le 520 (39), ka ho latellana. Re sebelisitse tlhahlobo e le 'ngoe le mekhoa e menyako joalo ka ha re entse tlhahlobo ea mantlha kaholimo.

2.3.3 Sekaseka se bapisang

Re boetse re entse litlhahlobo tse peli tsa PVM ho bapisa mekhoa ea ts'ebetso pakeng tsa meputso e metle le e mebe hape le lipakeng tsa tebello ea moputso le sephetho. Limmapa tse peli tsa tlhoro (mohlala, e 'ngoe bakeng sa tse ntle' me e 'ngoe e fosahetse) li ile tsa ntlafatsoa pele ka khenele ea junifomo (ρ = 10 mm) ho hlahisa limmapa tse akaretsang, e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e emela palo ea lithuto tse nang le tlhoro e kenang ea ts'ebetso sebakeng se haufi sa 10 mm radius. Limmapa tsena tse peli tse akaretsang li kentsoe tekong ea Fisher ho lekanya karolelano ea boleng le boleng ba palo ea p bakeng sa voxel e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e tlatsetsang kahare ho mask oa sebaka sa MNI. Kaha tlhahlobo ea Fisher e sa etsoa ka kotloloho bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea data ea fMRI ebile e sa utloisisehe ho feta mekhoa e meng, re sebelisitse moeli o batlang o le bonolo bakeng sa tlhahlobo e tobileng ea PVM, re sebelisa p <0.01 e sa nepahalang le boholo ba sehlopha sa li-voxels tse 60 (Xiong et al a., 1995), ho lokisa phoso e fapaneng ea mofuta oa I ea ho bapisa.

3. Liphetho

Liphetho tsa ALE

Tlhahlobo e akaretsang ea lithuto tse 142 e bonts'itse ts'ebetso e kholo ea sehlopha se seholo se kenyellelitseng li-virus tse kahare tsa bokellane (NAcc), pallidum, anterior insula, lateral / medial OFC, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), supplementary motor area (SMA), lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), amygdala ka ho le letšehali, hippocampus, thalamus le stem ea boko (Setšoantšo sa 1A). Mekha e meng e menyenyane e ne e kenyelletsa lebili le ka pele le ka pele le ka pele le ka morao le ka bohareng bo ka tlase, bohare bo tlase / bo phahameng ba parietal lobule, le posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) (Lethathamo 1).

Setšoantšo sa 1 

Concordance ea ts'ebetso ea boko ho tsoa ho tlhahlobo ea ALE. A. Marang-rang a marang-rang a hlahisoang ke likarohano tsohle le liteko. B. Ho akaretsa libaka tsa boko ka thoko ho kenyelletsang ts'ebetso e ntle khahlanong le moputso o fosahetseng. C. Ho akaretsa libaka tsa boko ka bonngoe ...
Lethathamo 1 

Libaka tsa boko tse atisang ho ts'oaroa ke lithuto tsohle ho tsoa tlhahlobisong ea ALE (FDR p <0.05 le boholo bo tlase ba sehlopha sa li-voxels tse 60).

Meputso e ntle e ts'ebetse ts'ebetso ea marang-rang a marang-rang a boletsoeng ka holimo, ho kenyelletsa pallidum e kopaneng, anterior insula, thalamus, stem ea bongo, medial OFC, ACC, SMA, PCC, le libaka tse ling tse ka pele le tsa parietal (Setšoantšo sa 1B 'me Lethathamo 2, hape bona Lisebelisoa tsa Tlatsetso - Setšoantšo sa S1A). Meputso e fosahetseng e bonts'itse ts'ebetso ho li-NAcc tse kopaneng, caudate, pallidum, anterior insula, amygdale, thalamus, stem ea boko, rostral ACC, PFC ea dorsomedial, morao-rao OFC, le "gorus" e bohareng le e tlase.Setšoantšo sa 1B 'me Lethathamo 2, hape bona Lisebelisoa tsa Tlatsetso - Setšoantšo sa S1B). Ho bapisa ts'ebetso ka ho bapisa le meputso e ntle le e seng ntle, re fumane hore meputso e ntle e ntlafalitse likarolo tse latelang ka tekanyo e kholo: linaha tse peli tsa Nacc, insula ea ka ntle, medali ea OFC, hippocampus, putamen ea setseng, le thalamus (Setšoantšo sa 1D 'me Lethathamo 4). Ha ho motho ea bonts'itseng ts'ebetso e fetang ea meputso e ntle.

Lethathamo 2 

Libaka tsa boko li sebelisitsoe ke meputso e metle kapa e mebe ho tsoa tlhahlobisong ea ALE (FDR p <0.05 le boholo bo tlase ba sehlopha sa li-voxels tse 60).
Lethathamo 4 

Libaka tsa boko li sebelisitsoe ka mokhoa o fapaneng ka meputso e metle le e mebe ho tsoa tlhahlobisong ea ALE ea ho tlosa (FDR p <0.05 le boholo ba sehlopha sa li-voxels tse 60).

Mehato e fapaneng e sebetsanang le moputso e arolelane mekhoa e tšoanang ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea marang-rang ho li-network tsa mantlha tse boletsoeng ka holimo, ho kenyelletsa NACC e kopaneng ea naha, insula ea ka ntle, thalamus, medial OFC, ACC le dorsomedial PFC (Setšoantšo sa 1C 'me Lethathamo 3, hape bona Lisebelisoa tse tlatselletsang - Lipalo S1C – E). Tebello ea moputso, joalo ka ha e bapisoa le sephetho sa moputso, e senotse ts'ebetso e kholo ts'ebetsong e kahare ea naha, ACC, SMA, e tlohile maemong a tlase a parietal lobule le gorase e bohareng ba bohareng (Setšoantšo sa 1E 'me Lethathamo 5). Ts'ebetso ea khethollo ea sephetho e kenyelelitse NAcc ea machaba, caudate, thalamus, le medial / lateral OFC (Lethathamo 5).

Lethathamo 3 

Libaka tsa boko li sebelisitsoe ke tebello, sephetho le tlhahlobo ho tsoa tlhahlobisong ea ALE (FDR p <0.05 le boholo bo tlase ba sehlopha sa li-voxels tse 60).
Lethathamo 5 

Libaka tsa boko li sebelisitsoe ka mokhoa o fapaneng ka tebello le sephetho ho tsoa tlhahlobisong ea ALE ea ho tlosa (FDR p <0.05 le boholo ba sehlopha sa li-voxels tse 60).

Liphetho tsa PVM tsa 3.2

Tlhahlobo ea mantlha ea lithuto tsa 142 e bonts'itse ts'ebetso e kholo ho linaha tse kopaneng tsa NAcc, insula ea ka ntle, morao-rao / medial OFC, ACC, PCC, parietal lobule e tlase, le pele-pele Galus (Setšoantšo sa 2A 'me Lethathamo 6).

Setšoantšo sa 2 

Concordance ea ts'ebetso ea boko ho tsoa ho PVM e lekola. A. Marang-rang a marang-rang a hlahisoang ke likarohano tsohle le liteko. B. Ho akaretsa libaka tsa boko ka thoko ho kenyelletsang ts'ebetso e ntle khahlanong le moputso o fosahetseng. C. Ho akaretsa libaka tsa boko ka bonngoe ...
Lethathamo 6 

Libaka tsa boko tse atisang ho ts'oaroa ke lithuto tsohle ho tsoa tlhahlobisong ea PVM (FDR p <0.05 le boholo bo tlase ba sehlopha sa li-voxels tse 60).

Meputso e ntle e qaliloe NAcc e kopaneng, pallidum, putamen, thalamus, medial OFC, pregenual cingulate cortex, SMA, le PCC (Setšoantšo sa 2B 'me Lethathamo 7, hape bona Lisebelisoa tsa Tlatsetso - Setšoantšo sa S2A). Ts'ebetso ka meputso e seng monate e fumanoe ho Nage ea naha le naha le sebaka sa ka ntle sa naha, pallidum, ACC, SMA, le gyrus e bohareng / e tlase.Setšoantšo sa 2B 'me Lethathamo 7, hape bona Lisebelisoa tsa Tlatsetso - Setšoantšo sa S2B). Phapang e tobileng pakeng tsa meputso e ntle le e fosahetseng e senotse ts'ebetso e khethiloeng ke meputso e ntle ho NAcc, pallidum, medial OFC, le PCC, le ts'ebetso e kholo ka meputso e seng monate ho ACC le bohareng / bo tlase bo ka pele ho brus (Setšoantšo sa 2D 'me Lethathamo 9).

Lethathamo 7 

Libaka tsa boko tse sebelisitsoeng ke meputso e metle kapa e mebe ho tsoa tlhahlobisong ea PVM (FDR p <0.05 le boholo bo tlase ba sehlopha sa li-voxels tse 60).
Lethathamo 9 

Libaka tsa boko li sebelisitsoe ka mokhoa o fapaneng ke meputso e metle le e mebe ho tsoa tlhahlobisong ea likhahla tsa PVM Fisher (voxel p <0.01 le boholo ba sehlopha sa li-voxel tse 60).

Mehato e fapaneng ea ho lokisa meputso ka mokhoa o ts'oanang e sebelisitse NAcc le ACC athe ka mokhoa o fapaneng ba hloa libaka tse ling tsa boko tse kang medial OFC, insula ea ka ntle, le amygdala (Setšoantšo sa 2C 'me Lethathamo 8, hape bona Lisebelisoa tsa Tlatsetso - Setšoantšo sa S2C-E). Tebello ea moputso, joalo ka ha e bapisoa le sephetho sa moputso, e senotse ts'ebetso e kholo ho ts'ebetso ea naha e kenang kahare ea matlo, thalamus, gyrus ea pele, le parietal lobule e tlase (Setšoantšo sa 2E 'me Lethathamo 10). Ha ho sebaka sa bokong se bonts'itseng ts'ebetso e kholo ka sephetho sa moputso ha se bapisoa le tebello.

Lethathamo 8 

Libaka tsa boko li sebelisitsoe ke tebello, sephetho le tlhahlobo ho tsoa tlhahlobisong ea PVM (FDR p <0.05 le boholo bo tlase ba sehlopha sa li-voxels tse 60).
Lethathamo 10 

Libaka tsa boko li kentsoe ka mokhoa o fapaneng ke tebello le sephetho ho tsoa tlhahlobisong ea likhahla tsa PVM Fisher (voxel p <0.01 le boholo bo tlase ba sehlopha sa li-voxel tse 60).

3.3 Papiso ea liphetho tsa ALE le PVM

Phuputso ea morao-rao e boetse e bonts'a hore le ha mekhoa ea ALE le PVM e ne e sebetsana le datha e hokahantsoeng ka tsela e fapaneng le ho amohela likhakanyo tse ikhethang tsa tlhahlobo, liphetho tsa lenane le le leng la lihokela ho tsoa lits'ebetsong tsena tse peli tsa tlhahlobo ea meta li ne li ts'oana ebile li bapisoa (Litšoantšo 1A-C 'me 2A-C, Lethathamo 11, hape bona Litšoantšo S1 'me S2 ka Sesebelisoa sa tlatsetso). Algorithm e ntlafalitsoeng e kentsoe tšebetsong GingerALE 2.0, ka moqapi, e nka liteko (kapa li bapisoa) joalo ka sesosa sa litlamorao, tse fokotsang khethollo e bakoang ke liteko tse tlalehang liteko tse ngata tse bapisoang le li loci tse fokolang. Lithuto tse fapaneng, leha ho le joalo, li kenyelletsa palo e fapaneng ea liteko / lipapatso. Ka hona, liphetho tsa GingerALE 2.0 li kanna tsa angoa ke leeme le boima bo fetang lithutong tse tlalehang lipapatso tse ngata, mohlomong ho o kopanya ho kopaneng ha lithuto tsa sefapano. Empa, ka khetho, basebelisi ba ka kopanya lihokela ho tsoa lipapisong tse fapaneng hammoho e le hore GingerALE 2.0 e ka tšoara thuto e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e le tlhahlobo e le 'ngoe. Sena ke seo lisebelisoa tsa PVM li se sebelisang, ho hokahanya libaka tsohle ho tsoa lipatlisisong ho etsa 'mapa o le mong oa ts'ebetso, ka hona, e lekanya lithuto tsohle ka mokhoa o lekanang ho hakanya ts'ebetso e fetang le lithuto tsohle.

Lethathamo 11 

Kakaretso ea sephetho sa ALE le PVM libakeng tse bohlokoa tsa phaello.

Ho fapana le hoo, papiso ea manane a mabeli a lihokela a fapane haholo lipakeng tsa mekhoa ea ALE le PVM (Lethathamo 11), ka lebaka la liphapang tsa bona ba kutloisiso ea ka hare ho boithuto le boithuto ba lithuto. Kaha algorithm e ntlafalitsoeng ea ALE ha e so sebetse tlhahlobo ea ALE e sa sebetseng, re sebelisitse mofuta oa pejana, GingerALE 1.2, e sebelisang likhokahano e le sesosa sa litlamorao le liteko joaloka liteko tse sa fetoheng. Ka hona phapang lipalo tsa lihokela tsa bobeli le liteko tsa lethathamo ka bobeli li ka ama sephetho sa ho tlosoa. Tlhatlhobo e poteletseng ea ALE e leeme ho lenane ka liteko tse ling khahlanong le e ngoe ka tse fokolang (Setšoantšo sa 1D / E). Lithuto tse ntle tsa moputso (2167 foci tse tsoang ho liteko tse 283) li hlalositse hantle ho feta lithuto tse mpe (935 tse hlahang ho tsoa litekong tse 140). Phapang lipakeng tsa tebello ea moputso (tse 1553 tse tsoang ho liteko tsa 185) le sephetho (1977 tse hlahang ho liteko tsa 253) li ne li le nyane, empa li ka baka leeme mahlakoreng a sephetho. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ts'ebeliso ea tlhahlobo ea Fisher ho lekanya likotsi le ho abela li-voxels ho e 'ngoe ea lethathamo lena la bobeli ke PVM e ne e bonahala e sa tsotelle letho ho fumana phapang ea ts'ebetso lipakeng tsa lethathamo leo la bobeli (Setšoantšo sa 2D / E).

4. Puisano

Kamehla re etsa liqeto bophelong ba rona ba letsatsi le letsatsi. Liqeto tse ling li kenyelletsa boleng bo sa bonahaleng kapa bo bobe ba litlamorao ha tse ling li na le tšusumetso e kholo ho tsebiso ea sephetho le karabelo ea rona maikutlong likhethong tseo re li etsang. Re ka ikutloa re thabile ebile re khotsofetse ha sephetho se le setle kapa tebello ea rona e phethahala, kapa re ikutloa re tenehile ha sephetho se le seng kapa se le tlase ho feta seo re neng re se lebelletse. Ho feta moo, liqeto tse ngata li tlameha ho etsoa ntle le tsebo ea litlamorao tsa tsona. Ka hona, re hloka ho tseba ho bolela esale pele ka moputso oa nako e tlang, le ho lekola boleng ba moputso le kotsi e ka bang teng ea ho e fumana kapa ho fuoa kotlo. Sena se hloka hore re sekaseke khetho eo re e etsang ho latela boteng ba liphoso tsa ho bolela esale pele le ho sebelisa lipontšo tsena ho tataisa boits'oaro ba rona ba ho ithuta le boits'epo ba kamoso. Boithuto bo bongata ba neuroimaging bo ithutile ho etsa liqeto tse amanang le moputso. Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la ts'ebetso e rarahaneng le e matla ea kelello ea kelello e kenyelletsang ho etsa liqeto tse thehiloeng boleng, ha se mosebetsi o bobebe ho hlahloba marang-rang a neural a fanang ka boemeli le ts'ebetso ea tlhahisoleseling e amanang le moputso. Re hlokometse kholo e potlakileng palong ea lithuto tse matlafatsang lefapheng la li-neuroeconomics, leha ho le joalo ho fihlela joale ho bile thata ho bona hore na lithuto tsena li fetohile joang e le ho hlakisa moputso oa mantlha bokong ba motho. Phuputsong ea hona joale ea meta, re bonts'itse concordance ho palo e kholo ea lithuto mme ra senola mekhoa e tloaelehileng le e fapaneng ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea boko ka likarolo tse fapaneng tsa ts'ebetso ea moputso. Ka mokhoa o khannoang ke data, re hlophisitse likhokahano tsohle ho tsoa lipapaling / liteko tse fapaneng tsa lithuto tsa 142, mme re hlokometse marang-rang a moputso oa mantlha, o nang le NAcc, ea morao-rao / medial OFC, ACC, insula ea ka ntle, PFC ea dorsomedial, le libakeng tse ka pele tsa pele. Phuputso ea morao-rao ea meta e shebileng tekanyetso ea kotsi mabapi le ho etsa liqeto e tlaleha potoloho e tšoanang ea moputso (Mohr et al., 2010). Ntle le moo, ho tloha ka pono e tataisoang ke mohopolo, re bapisitse likhokahano tsa neural tse neng li kentse letsoho lipapatsong tse ntle le tse mpe tse mabapi le tebello le sephetho sa ts'ebetso ea moputso, le lintlha tse ikhethileng tsa neural tse fanang ka tlhahlobo e amanang le valence le ho nka karolo ha bona ka khetho sephetho.

Libaka tsa meputso ea mantlha: NAcc le OFC

NAcc le OFC ke khale li nkuoe e le libapali tse kholo ts'ebetsong ea meputso hobane ke libaka tse kholo tsa kholo tsa litsela tse peli tse ikhethileng tsa dopaminergic pathways, mesolimbic le mesocortical pathways. Leha ho le joalo, e ntse e sa tsejoe hore na li-dopamine neurons ka mokhoa o ikhethileng li sebetsa joang libakeng tsena tsa maoto le methapo. Boithuto bo fetileng bo lekile ho khetholla likarolo tsa likarolo tsena tse peli ho latela methati ea nakoana, li hokahanya NAcc ka tebello ea moputso le e amanang le medical OFC ho amohela moputso (Knutson et al a., 2001b; Knutson et al a., 2003; Ramnani et al a., 2004). Liphetho tse tsoang liphuputsong tse ling li belaella phapang e joalo (Breiter et al., 2001; Delgado et al., 2005; Roger et al., 2004). Boithuto bo bongata bo boetse bo boletse hore NAcc e ikarabelletse ho bona phoso ea ho bolela esale pele, lets'oao la bohlokoa ho khothaletsong ho ithuta le moputso oa moputso (McClure le al., 2003; O'Doherty et al., 2003b; Pagnoni et al., 2002). Boithuto bo boetse ba fumane hore NAcc e bonts'a karabo e kholo, hore ts'ebetso ea NAcc e tla fokotseha ebe e theoha ka tlase ho motheo ho arabela liphoso tse mpe tse boletsoeng esale pele (Knutson et al a., 2001b; McClure et al a., 2003; O'Doherty et al a., 2003b). Leha OFC hangata e bonts'a mekhoa e ts'oanang ea ts'ebetso e le NAcc, lithuto tsa neuroimaging tsa nakong e fetileng ho batho li khothalelitse hore OFC e sebeletsa ho fetola mefuta e fapakaneng ea chelete hore e be chelete e tloaelehileng ho latela boleng ba moputso oa bona (Arana et al., 2003; Cox et al., 2005; Elliott et al., 2010; FitzGerald et al., 2009; Gottfried et al., 2003; Kringelbach et al., 2003; O'Doherty et al., 2001; Plassmann et al., 2007). Liphumano tsena li tšoantšisa tse fumanoeng thutong e le 'ngoe ea ho rekota lisele le lithuto tsa lesion ho liphoofolo (Schoenbaum le Roesch, 2005; Schoenbaum et al., 2009; Schoenbaum et al., 2003; Schultz et al., 2000; Tremblay le Schultz, 1999, 2000; Wallis, 2007).

Bohlahlobisisi ba rona ka kakaretso bo bonts'itse hore NAcc le OFC li arabetse ts'ebetsong ea moputso ka kakaretsoSetšoantšo sa 1A 'me Setšoantšo sa 2A). Ts'ebetso ho NAcc e hahiloe haholo mekhahlelong e fapaneng, athe OFC ea moruo e ne e hlophisitsoe haholoanyane ho amohela moputso (Setšoantšo sa 1C / E 'me Setšoantšo sa 2C). Liphumano tsena li totobalitse hore NAcc e kanna ea ikarabella ho latedisa lipontšo tse ntle le tse mpe tsa moputso le ho li sebelisa ho fetolela ho ithuta ho mokhatlo oa moputso, athe OFC boholo ba bona e beha leihlo le ho lekola sephetho sa moputso. Patlisiso e 'ngoe ea hlokahala ho khetholla hantle likarolo tsa NAcc le OFC ho etsa liqeto tse amanang le moputso (Frank le Claus, 2006; Mutlanyana et al a., 2008).

4.2 Teko e amanang le Valence

Ntle le ho fetolela likhetho tse fapaneng tsa meputso hore e be chelete e tloaelehileng ebe e emela boleng ba moputso, libaka tse fapaneng tsa boko mohlaleng oa meputso li ka arola likarolo tse ntle tsa moputso. Lipapiso tse tobileng ho pholletsa le moputso tse tlisoang ke moputso li senotse hore NAcc le medical OFC ba ne ba le mafolofolo haholoanyane ho arabeleng meputso e ntle le e mpe (Setšoantšo sa 1B / D 'me Setšoantšo sa 2B / D). Ka lehlakoreng le leng, cortex ea ka ntle ea letsoho e ne e kenelletse ts'ebetsong ea tlhaiso-leseling e mpe ea moputso (Setšoantšo sa 1B 'me Setšoantšo sa 2B). Liphetho tsena li netefalitse phapang e fumanehang litabeng tsa meputso e khahlano le e ntle (Kringelbach, 2005; Kringelbach le Rolls, 2004), mme e ne e tsamaisana le seo re se boneng thutong ea rona e fetileng mabapi le moputso (Liu et al a., 2007). Likarolo tse tlase tsa ACC li arabetse ka mokhoa o ikhethileng likabelong tse ntle le tse mpe. ACC ea pele le ea rostral, e haufi le medical OFC, e ile ea matlafatsoa ke meputso e ntle athe ACC ea patudal e ile ea amohela meputso e fosahetseng (Setšoantšo sa 1B 'me Setšoantšo sa 2B). Boithuto ba ALE le PVM bo boetse bo senotse hore PCC e ne e lula e ts'ehelitsoe ka moputso o motle (Setšoantšo sa 1B 'me Setšoantšo sa 2B).

Ho khahlisang ke hore likhokahano tse arohaneng tsa likhakanyo tse ntle le tse mpe li tšoana le phapano lipakeng tsa marang-rang a mabeli a loantšanang, marang-rang a mofuta oa marang-rang le netweke e amanang le mosebetsi (Fox et al., 2005; Raichle et al., 2001; Raichle le Snyder, 2007). Tlhahlobo ea morao-rao ea meta e fumane hore marang-rang a mofuta oa "default" a kenyeletsa libaka tsa pele (ho kenyeletsa medial OFC) le medial posterior cortex (ho kenyelletsa PCC le precuneus), le marang-rang a amanang le mosebetsi a kenyelletsa ACC, insula, le lateral frontoparietal libaka (Laird et al., 2009; Toro et al., 2008). Ts'ebetso ho medial OFC le PCC ke meputso e metle e bonts'itseng marang-rang a mokhoa oa ho iketsa ea tloaelehileng o bonoang nakong ea phomolo, athe ts'ebetso ho ACC, insula, cortex ea pele ho pele ka moputso o mobe o tšoanang le oa marang-rang o amanang le mosebetsi. Mokhatlo ona o sebetsang oa bokong o fumanoe o susumetsa moputso le ho etsa liqeto tse kotsi le lebaka la ho se tšoane ka mekhoa e behang motho kotsing (Cox et al., 2010).

4.3 Monyetla le sephetho

Mokhoa o ikhethileng oa linaha tse kantle, ACC / SMA, "parietal lobule" e tlase le bokong ba kelello li bonts'itse ts'ebetso e ts'oanang ho lebella ho bapisoa le karolo ea sephetho (Setšoantšo sa 1C / E 'me Setšoantšo sa 2C / E). Mokhoa o kenyelletsang bophelo ba ka pele le ACC li ne li kile tsa susumetsoa ke ho nahana, maikutlo le kutloelo-bohloko (Craig, 2002, 2009; Gu et al., 2010; Phan et al., 2002), le tlhahlobo ea kotsi le ho hloka bonnete (Critchley et al., 2001; Kuhnen le Knutson, 2005; Paulus et al., 2003), ho alima karolo ea eona ka tebello. Insula ea ka ntle e ne e lula e kenella ts'ebetsong ea likotsi, haholo-holo tebello ea tahlehelo, joalo ka ha ho senotsoe ke tlhahlobo ea morao-rao ea meta (Mohr et al., 2010). E ts'oanang le karolo ea OFC, parietal lobule e amahanngoa le boleng ba likhetho tse fapaneng (Tlhahiso et al a., 2005), boemeli ba lipalo (Cohen Kadosh et al a., 2005; Hubbard et al a., 2005), le tlhaiso-leseling ea litaba (Khauta le Shadlen, 2007; Yang le Shadlen, 2007). Ka hona, ho bohlokoa hore parietal lobule e kenye letsoho molemong oa tebello ea moputso e le ho rera le ho itokisetsa ketso e nang le tsebo (Andersen le Cui, 2009; Lau et al., 2004a; Lau et al., 2004b).

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ventral striatum, medial OFC, le amygdala li bontšitse ts'ebetso e khethiloeng nakong ea sephetho sa moputso ha se bapisoa le sethala sa tebello (Setšoantšo sa 1C / E 'me Setšoantšo sa 2C). Litsela tsena li ne li tsamaisana le seo rona le bafuputsi ba bang re se fumaneng pele (Breiter et al., 2001; Delgado et al., 2005; Liu et al., 2007; Roger et al., 2004), e eme khahlano le boits'oaro bo sebetsang lipakeng tsa "ventral striatum" le "medial" ka lebaka la karolo ea bona mabapi le tebello ea moputso le sephetho sa moputso (Knutson et al., 2001a; Knutson et al., 2001b; Knutson et al., 2003).

4.4 Papiso e reriloeng ea ho lokisa moputso

Motheong oa liphumano tsa marang-rang a tloaelehileng le a ikhethileng a amehang likarolong tse fapaneng tsa ho etsa liqeto tsa meputso, re tlil'o etsa papiso ea morero ho akaretsa maano a phatlalatso ea boleng le boiketlo ts'ebetsong ea moputso (Setšoantšo sa 3). Re hlophisa likarolo tse fapaneng tsa boko ho ipapisa le likarolo tsa bona tse fapaneng, leha e le hore setereke ka seng se ka sebetsa mesebetsi e mengata 'me sa sebelisana le likarolo tse ling tsa boko ka tsela e rarahaneng haholo. Ha u tobana le likhetho tse ling, e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e nang le litšobotsi tse khethollang joalo ka boholo le kholo, thepa ena e hloka ho fetoloa hore e hlahisoe ka leseli le lekanang le boleng, "chelete e tloaelehileng". Ha re bapise feela boleng ba likhetho tse ling, empa re boetse re bapisa boleng ba nnete le bo boletsoeng hammoho le litekanyetso tse iqapetsoeng tse amanang le khetho e sa khethoang (mohlala, lets'oao la phoso ea ho bolela). Li-ventral striatum le medial OFC li kentse letsoho ho boemeli bona bo thehiloeng holim'a boleng. Parietal lobule e tlase le eona e fumanoe e nka karolo ho emela le ho bapisa tlhaiso-leseling ea lipalo. Ntle le moo, ho etsa liqeto tse thehiloeng boleng ho ke keng ha okaleha ho lekola likhetho, ho latela sephetho sa liphetho le likarabo tse amanang le maikutlo. Le ha li-ventral striatum le medial OFC li ntse li kenelletse ho fumana moputso o motle oa valence, ea morao-rao ea OFC, insula ea ka ntle, ACC le amygdala li ameha haholo ts'ebetsong ea meputso e seng ntle ea moputso, hangata e amanang le likarolo tsa bona tsa tlhatlhobo likarabo tse mpe tsa maikutlo. Ka lebaka la litšusumetso tse mpe tse atisang ho amahanngoa le kotsi, insula ea ka ntle le ACC le tsona li kentse letsoho tebelong ea moputso ea liqeto tse kotsi, haholo bakeng sa likarabo tse sa tsitsang-tse sa lebelloang tsa ho lebella tahlehelo. Kamora nako, libaka tse tlang pele li sebeletsa ho hokahanya le ho nka bohato ka lipontšo tsena ho hlahisa liqeto tse nepahetseng (mohlala, win-lula-lahle-switch).

Setšoantšo sa 3 

Moralo oa leano o bonts'a likarolo tsa likarolo tsa mantlha tsa boko tse nkang likarolo tse fapaneng tsa ho etsa liqeto tse amanang le moputso. Mokhahlelo oa gridi o supa medial orbitofrontal cortex encoding valence e ntle; mohlala oa matšoao o bontša bokantle ...

4.5 Likatse

Mekhahlelo e mengata ea marang-rang e hlokang ho hlokomeloa. Ea pele e amana le khethollo ea ho tlaleha sephetho lithutong tse fapaneng. Lithuto tse ling li entsoe ka ROI, tse neng li sa kenyelletsoe thutong ea hajoale. Le ha ho le joalo, ba bang ba ile ba qolla kapa ba hatella ea pele libaka ka ho tlaleha lihokela kapa lipapatso tse ling tse amanang le libaka tseo. Ba ka khetha leeme ka sepheo sa ho netefatsa "hotspots". Taba ea bobeli, re batla ho hlokomelisa ka karohano e hlakileng ea likarolo tse fapaneng tsa ts'ebetso ea moputso. Re arotse lipapiso tse fapaneng ka mekhahlelo e fapaneng ea thahasello ea theory. Leha ho le joalo, ka liqeto tsa bophelo ba 'nete kapa mesebetsing e mengata ea liteko, likarolo tsena ha li na karohano e hlakileng. Mohlala, tekolo ea khetho e fetileng le sephetho sa moputso li ka hokahana le tebello e tlang ea moputso le ho etsa liqeto. Ha ho na moeli o hlakileng ho feta mekhahlelo e fapaneng ea ts'ebetso ea moputso, o siea sehlopha sa rona sa joale se bulehile bakeng sa puisano. Le ha ho le joalo, mokhoa ona o tsamaeang le khopolo ea kelello o hlokahala haholo (Caspers et al., 2010; Mohr et al., 2010; Richlan et al., 2009), e tlatsanang le tlhaiso-leseling e tlisoang ke data ea tlhahlobo ea meta. Lintho tse ngata tse amanang le ho etsa liqeto tsa moputso, joalo ka tlhahlobo ea likotsi le mefuta ea moputso (mohlala, mantlha vs. sekolo, chelete le setjhaba), li hloka tlhahlobo e eketsehileng ea meta.

Lintlha-khōlō tsa Patlisiso

  • Re tsamaisitse litekanyetso tse peli tsa khokahano e thehiloeng ho meta lithutong tse 142 tsa fMRI ea moputso.
  • Potoloho ea mantlha ea moputso e kenyelletsa li-nucleus accumbens, insula, orbitof Pambal, cingulate, le libaka tsa preoparietal.
  • Li-bokella tsa nucleus li ile tsa qaptjoa ke meputso e mebe le e mebe ho pholletsa le mekhahlelo e mengata e sebetsanang le moputso.
  • Likarolo tse ling li bontšitse karabelo tse khethiloeng mabapi le meputso e ntle kapa e fosahetseng, kapa nakong ea tebello kapa sephetho.

Boitsebiso bo Eketsehileng

lumela hore baa fokola

Boithuto bona bo tšehelitsoe ke Morero oa Hundred-Talente oa Setsi sa Mahlale sa Chaena, NARSAD Young Inarcherator Award (XL), le NIH Grant R21MH083164 (JF). Bangoli ba lakatsa ho leboha sehlopha sa nts'etsopele ea BrainMap le Sergi G. Costafreda ka ho fana ka lisebelisoa tse ntle bakeng sa thuto ena.

sehlomathiso

Lethathamo la lingoliloeng tse kenyellelitsoeng meta-tlhahlobo ea thuto ea hajoale.

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141. Zalla T, Koechlin E, Pietrini P, Basso G, Aquino P, Sirigu A, Grafman J. Phapang ea amygdala e arabela ho hapa le ho lahleheloa ke: thuto e sebetsang ea matla a mahlale a matla a sefahleho ho batho. Koranta ea Europe ea Neuroscience. 2000; 12: 1764-1770. [E fetotsoe]
142. Zink CF, Pagnoni G, Martin-Skurski ME, Chappelow JC, Berns GS. Likarabo tsa batho tsa ho fumana moputso oa chelete li itšetleha ka bohloka. Neuron. 2004; 42: 509-517. [E fetotsoe]

Mongolo o botlaaseng ba leqephe

Menehelo ea Sengoli: XL e iqapetse le ho hlokomela thuto eohle. JH le MS ba ile ba kenya letsoho ka mokhoa o lekanang thutong ena, ba etsa lipatlisiso tsa lingoliloeng, ho ntšoa ha data le mokhatlo. JF o ile a nka karolo lipuisanong le ho li hlophiseng ka letsoho.

Boitlhotlhollo ba Mohoeletsi: Ena ke faele ea PDF ea mongolo o ngotsoeng ka letsoho o sa amoheloang o amoheletsoeng bakeng sa ho hatisoa. Joaloka tšebeletso ho bareki ba rona re fana ka phetolelo ena ea pele ea mongolo o ngotsoeng ka letsoho. Mongolo o ngotsoeng ka letsoho o tla ba le ho kopitsa, ho kenya lihlopha le ho hlahloba bopaki bo hlahang pele o hatisoa ka mokhoa oa oona oa ho qetela. Ka kopo hlokomela hore nakong ea mekhoa ea tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa e ka fumanoa e ka amang litaba, le litsebiso tsohle tsa molao tse sebetsang koranteng e amanang le eona.

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