Ho se sebetse ka thobalano ho banna Asia (2011)

Eya ho:

inahaneloang

Thobalano esale e le taba e sa reroang sechabeng sa Asia. Leha ho le joalo, lilemong tse 'maloa tse fetileng, tlhokomeliso lebaleng la bophelo bo botle ba botona le botšehali ba banna e ntlafetse, mme thahasello lipatlisisong tsa bophelo bo botle ba thobalano e sa tsoa eketseha. Lefu la seoa le ho ata ha ho se sebetse ha erectile, hypogonadism le ejaculation pele ho nako Asia li ts'oana le Bophirima. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le litaba tse 'maloa tse tobileng ho banna ba Asia, ho kenyeletsoa setso le litumelo, tlhokomeliso, ho latela le ho fumaneha ha meriana ea setso / e tlatselletsang. Asia, meriana ea thobalano e ntse e le qalong, mme boiteko bo kopanetsoeng bo tsoang ho mmuso, mekhatlo e amehang, lingaka le boralitaba li hlokahala ho ntšetsa pele bongaka ba thobalano pele ho tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle.

Keywords: Asia, ho se sebetse hantle ha erectile, bophelo bo botle, hypogonadism, monna, ho tsoaloa hangata, thobalano

Selelekela

Ho fihlela haufinyane tjena, bophelo bo botle ba botona le botšehali ba banna bo nkile setulo sa morao morerong le ts'ebetsong ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle. Ha Viagra (sildanefil) e phatloha sebakeng se fetang lilemo tse leshome tse fetileng, e ile ea bula mamati a likhohola bakeng sa lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele ea bophelo bo botle ba botona le botšehali ba banna. Ka lebaka leo, taba eo ho neng ho buuoa ka eona pele, e ile ea fetoloa sehlooho se tsebahalang, le Asia. Kaha ke sechaba se khomaretseng mekhoa e metle, bophelo bo botle ba botona le botšehali qalong bo ile ba amoheloa ka tšabo Asia. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, setso se bulehileng haholo sa Bophirima se bone tsoelo-pele e kholo lebaleng la bongaka ba thobalano. Morero oa tlhahlobo ena ke ho lekola moroalo oa bophelo bo botle ba botona le botšehali ba banna Asia le ho tseba litaba tse ikhethileng ho banna ba Asia molemong oa ho theha maano a ntlafatso ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo ba banna Asia.

Epidemiology

Lethathamo 1 e bontša ho ata ha botona ba botona ba botšehali ho banna Asia.

Lethathamo 1   

Bokapele ba khaello ea thobalano ea banna Asia

Erectile ho se sebetse (ED)

ED e hlalosoa e le ho se khonehe ho fihlela le ho boloka sekhahla se lekane ho lumella ts'ebetso ea thobalano e khotsofatsang.1 Ho ata ha ED ho Asia ho fapana pakeng tsa 9% le 73%.2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 Phapang e pharalletseng ea litekanyetso tsa ho ata e ka hlahisoa ke mokhoa oa tekolo (ke hore, tlhaiso e itlalehileng kapa International Index ea Erectile Function lintlha) le mofuta oa lipatlisiso. Mohlala, haeba lithuto li hiroa tleliniking, ho ba le sekhahla se phahameng sa tšoaetso ho feta ha bahiri ba hiriloe sechabeng. Thutong ea Maikutlo a Banna ba Asia le Liketsahalo tsa Bophelo, ho ata hohle ha ED e ne e le 6.4%.2 Ntle le moo, naheng ea Korea, ha banna ba baholo ho feta lilemo tsa 20 ba nkuoa litsing tsa tlhokomelo ea mantlha mme palo ea bona ea International Index ea Erectile Function e thehiloe, sekhahla sa 32.2% se fumanoe.3 Ho la China Bara, keketseho e tlalehiloeng ea ED ke 38.3%.4 Leha ho le joalo, sekhahla sa tšoaetso ea 9% –17.7% se fumanoe Taiwan (China).5, 6 Thailand, sekhahla sa tšoaetso ke 37.5%,7 le liphuputsong tse entsoeng ka bongata tse entsoeng Singapore ho banna ba baholo ho feta lilemo tsa 30, sekhahla sa 51.3% se fumanoe.8 Phuputsong e 'ngoe ka palo ea batho ba baholo ba Singapore, boemo ba tšoaetso e ne e le 73%.9 Tekano e ipolelang ea ED ho la Malawi ke 26.8%, empa sekhahla sa ho ata se fumanoeng thutong e 'ngoe e ne e le 69%.10, 11

Ejaculation pele ho nako

Li-ejaculation tsa pele ho nako li ithutoa ka bophara Bophirimela; leha ho le joalo, datha tse tsoang Asia ha li na letho. Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Phekolo ea Thobalano o hlalosa ho ntsoara pele ho nako e le ts'ebeliso ea botona kapa botšehali e khetholloang ka linako tsohle kapa hoo e ka bang hangata e etsahala pele kapa ka hare ho 1 min ea ho kenella ka hara botšehali, ho se khone ho lieha ho kenella hohle kapa hoo e ka bang ho kenella ka botšehaling bohle ka botšehaling. litlamorao tse kang ho sithabela maikutlo, ho sithabela, ho ferekana le / kapa ho qoba ho ratana.16 Phuputso ea Lefatše ka bophara ea Maikutlo a ho Kopanela Liphate le Behaviors e hlahlobile likarolo tse fapaneng tsa bophelo bo botle ba thobalano ho batho ba baholo ba nang le lilemo tsa 40-80 ea lilemo tse linaheng tsa 29. Phuputsong e sa tsoa boleloa, tekanyo ea kakaretso ea tlhaselo e ne e le 30%, mme tekanyo e phahameng ka ho fetisisa (30.4%) e fumanoe Asia Boroa-bochabela. U sebelisa lintlha tsena, tlhahlobo ea sehlotšoana e entsoe ho banna ba Asia, 'me sekhahla sa 20% -32.7% se ile sa fumanoa.14, 17 Phuputsong e entsoeng mahaeng a Mainland China, sekhahla sa tšoaetso e ne e le 19.5%.15 Leha ho le joalo, ho la Malaysia le Hong Kong (China), sekhahla sa tšoaetso e ne e le 22.3% le 29.7%, ka ho latellana.18, 19 Ho feta moo, phuputsong e sa tsoa etsoa Korea, tekanyo ea ho itlaleha e tlalehiloeng e ne e le 27.5%.20

Hypogonadism

Hypogonadism ke setsi sa bongaka le sa biochemical se neng se tsejoa e le andropause, Androgen Defence ho Botsofali ba Monna le Khaello ea Androgen ho Monna ea Tsofetseng. Ka 2005, tumellano e ile ea fihleloa ke Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Andrology, Mokhatlo oa Machabeng oa Boithuto ba Banna ba Tsofetseng le Mokhatlo oa Europe oa Urology, mme poleloana 'hypogonadism ea morao-rao' e ile ea hlalosoa e le 'lefu la kliniki le biochemical le amanang le tsoelo-pele. Lilemo le tšoauoa ka ho se sebetse ka thobalano le matšoao a mang a tloaelehileng le khaello ea li-testosterone tsa serum. Boemo bona bo ka baka tšenyo e kholo boleng ba bophelo mme ba ama hampe ts'ebetso ea lits'ebetso tse ngata tsa 'mele.21 Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Andrology, Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Thupelo ea Botho ea botsofaling le setho sa Europe sa Urology bakeng sa litekanyetso tse tlase tsa testosterone ke 8 nmol l-1. Ha tekanyo eohle ea testosterone e le 8-12 nmol l-1, boemo ba testosterone ea mahala bo tlameha ho ba ka tlase ho 180 pmol l-1 ho nkuwa e le tlase.22 Lipampiri tsa lipotso li fumaneha hape ho thusa ho utluweng ha lefu lena. Letšoao la botsofe ba matona a banna, Androgen Defence in the Aging Male lintlha le sesebelisoa se nang le lipotso tse supileng se netefalitsoeng ke bafuputsi Hong Kong ke lithulusi tsa bohlokoa tsa ho hlahlobisisa.23 Leha ho le joalo, Androgen Defence ho lipotso tsa botsofe ba Male le a botsofali ba Malebo li na le lintlha tse tlase ebile ha li lumellane hantle le maemo a serum testosterone.24 Ho ata ha hypogonadism Asia (ho hlalosoa e le testosterone e felletseng <11 nmol l-1) ke 18.2% –19.1%.25 Lintlha tse fumanoeng lithutong tse entsoeng Asia Bochabela li bontša hore ho ata ha hypogonadism ho pakeng tsa 7% le 47.7% ho banna ba lilemo li 45-80.23, 26, 27 Naheng ea Malaysia, sekhahla sa ho ata ha banna ho feta lilemo tsa 40 e ne e le 18.5%.28

Mathata a tobileng ho banna ba Asia

Lichabeng tsohle, bophelo bo botle ba thobalano ke taba ea bohlokoa ho monna e mong le e mong. Ka bomalimabe, banna ba Asia ba ntse ba utloa bohloko ka khutso. Leha e amana le khatello ea maikutlo le boleng ba bophelo bo fokotsehileng, mathata a thobalano a ntse a sa tsotelloe Asia, moo e leng qalo ea 60% ea baahi ba lefats'e ebile khubu ea mantlha ea kholo ea moruo.29, 30 Ho fapana le sephetho se hlalositsoeng ho lingoliloeng tse mabapi le ho ata ha tlhekefetso ea thobalano Asia, lipalo tsa tsona li kholo haholo hobane sekhahla sa batho ba bangata se ipapisitse le ho itlaleha. Phuputsong e entsoeng Taiwan (China), ho ile ha bonoa liphapang tse ngata pakeng tsa litekanyetso tsa batho ba bangata. Ka mantsoe a mang, ha ho bapisoa le ho itlaleha, tekanyo ea tlhaselo e ne e phahame ha e thehiloe ho Index ea Machabeng ea Erectile Function-5. Ntle le moo, har'a linyeoe tsa ED tse ikitsitseng, ke banna ba ka tlase ho halofo ba neng ba batla kalafo.31 Banna ba Asia le bona ha ba na monyetla oa ho batla kalafo ho feta balekane ba bona ba Bophirimela. Ha e le hantle, ke 6% feela ea banna ba nang le ED Chaena ba batlang kalafo e sebetsang.30 Hobaneng ketsahalo ee e etsahala?

Moetlo le litumelo

Setso se hlalosa karolo eo banna le basali ba e phethang, kamoo ba amanang kateng, le setso sa bona le sechaba. Ha ho buuoa ka bophelo bo botle ba botona le botšehali ba banna, mekhahlelo e mengata ea setso le litumelo lia ameha, ho kenyeletsoa motho ka mong le bolumeli ba hae, sechaba le sechaba. Bakeng sa banna, bonna ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi hobane e hlalosa karolo ea hae sechabeng le har'a lithaka tsa hae. Leha ho le joalo, mohopolo oa bonna ha o hlalosehe ebile oa fapana har'a batho le libaka. Ka tloaelo, litšoaneleho tsa bonna li thibela maikutlo a maikutlo. Boitšoaro ba ho batla bophelo bo botle har'a banna bo bolela tahlehelo ea maemo le taolo, mme e ka senya boits'oaro ba bona.32 Ng et al a.33 o ile a etsa phuputso e kholo ea machaba, mme a bontša hore banna ba Asia ba amahanya ho ba monna le ho ba le mosebetsi o motle, ba bonoa e le monna oa tlhompho, ba laolang bophelo ba bona le ho ba monna oa lelapa.33 Ho ba le bophelo bo mafolofolo ba thobalano, katleho le basali le ho hohela 'mele ho tlatselitse tlase mohopolong oa bonna. Sekhahla se atileng sa ho ata le boits'oaro bo sa hlokeng bongaka ba banna ba Asia mabapi le bophelo bo botle ba banna bo ka bakoa ke lintlha tse boletsoeng kaholimo. Matla a bonna kapa botona ka thobalano a ka amahanngoa le litokelo tsa thobalano, matla a thobalano le ts'ebetso ea thobalano. Leha ho le joalo, ha bonna ba bona bo sokeloa, banna ba tloaetse ho khutsa ka hona hobane ba tšaba tahlehelo ea taolo le tahlehelo ea karolo ea bona ea setso ho feta bophelo bo bobe.34 Ka lebaka leo, banna ba Asia ba tloaetse ho amohela khatello ea botona le botšehali e le karolo ea botsofali. Ka bomalimabe, ho fapana le ho batla phekolo e nepahetseng, banna ba batla mekhoa e meng ea phekolo e joalo ka tšebeliso ea joala ho boloka karolo ea bona ea bong.34

Na maikutlo a fosahetseng mabapi le kalafo har'a banna ba Asia a teng le har'a bajaki ba Asia linaheng tsa Bophirimela? Phuputsong e fetileng, mokhoa oa ho batla kalafo oa banna ba Bophirimela le banna ba tsoang linaheng tse ling ba Asia ba nang le lefu la pelo o ile oa bapisoa, mme liphetho tsa supa hore banna ba Asia ba ne ba tloaetse ho tšoenyeha haholo mme ba batla kalafo ho tloha pejana. Ha ho le ea mong oa banna ba Asia ea tsoang naheng e 'ngoe ea ileng a nka ho batla tlhokomelo ea lingaka bakeng sa bohloko ba sefuba e le ntho e hlokang kelello kapa sesupo sa bofokoli. Ebile, ba bang ba banna bana ba ne ba nka bohlale, thuto le boikarabello ba malapa le bophelo ba bona e le litšobotsi tsa banna ba bohlokoa. Hobaneng ha maikutlo a ho batla kalafo ea banna ba Asia le bajaki a fapana? Mohlomong bajaki ha ba na tokelo ea ho kula ka nako e telele hobane ha ba na beng ka bona ba bangata bao ba ka itšetlehang ka bona naheng esele. Kahoo, banna bana ba tlameha ho fokotsa boikhohomoso ba bona, 'me ba be kotsing ea ho songoa ka hore ha ba na botho.35 Ntle le moo, ka lebaka la khopolo e fosahetseng ea hore ho ba le thobalano ha se ntho ea bohlokoa e behang bophelo kotsing, hangata ho hloka thobalano ha ho rarolloe.

Ho thatafatsa litaba le ho feta, banna Chaena ba nka ED e le e sa hlompheheng. Ho buisana ka mathata a thobalano ho ka fella ka lihlong, haholo haeba ho itlhompha. Ntle le taba ea hore banna ba nang le ED ba na le bophelo bo tlase haholo mabapi le bophelo ba lelapa, bophelo ba mosebetsi, kamano le balekane ba bona ba thobalano le thabo e akaretsang, ho hloka thobalano ke sehlooho le lithibelo tsa setso.36 Banna ba Ma-China ha ba na monyetla oa ho bua ka dysfunctions tsa bona tsa thobalano le mang kapa mang. Leha ho le joalo, haeba ba buisana ka bophelo ba bona ba thobalano, ba na le menyetla ea ho bua le motsoalle kapa ngaka e mo sebeletsang ho feta ngaka.37 Ha banna ba China ba batla kalafo ho ngaka e tloaelehileng, ho na le monyetla oa ho li-comorbidities ho feta mathata a thobalano. Sena se fapane le banna ba Bophirimela, ba batlang kalafo bakeng sa ED a le mong.30

Ho ikamahanya le tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle

Banna ba talima 'mele ea bona e le mechini' me ba nahana hore e tla sebetsa hantle. Ha ba tobane le mathata, banna ba lebelletse tharollo e otlolohileng. Ka kakaretso, mehato ea nako e telele le liphetoho tsa bophelo tse kang ho fokotsa boima ba 'mele, ho ikoetlisa, ho khaotsa ho tsuba, ho ja hantle le ho fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo ha li amoheloe hantle. Ho fapana le basali, ba fumanang tlhabollo ea bongaka bophelo bohle ba bona ba ho ba le bana, banna ha ba hlomphe likeletso tsa bongaka. Ena ke karolo ea bohlokoa e lokelang ho tsotelloa ha ho sebelisoa melaoana ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle ba banna.38 Phuputso e entsoeng ho basali ba pele ba basali ba Ma-China USA e senotse hore basali ba na le maikutlo a nepahetseng ho tlhokomelo le thibelo ea thibelo ea mafu mme ba na le liteko tse fetang tsa ba batona.39 Bohareng ba Asia, 80% ea maeto ohle ho bafani ba tlhokomelo ea mantlha ea bophelo bo botle e etsoa ke basali le bana, litoropong le libakeng tsa mahaeng. Banna ba lilemo li 50 le ba baholo ho tsoa libakeng tsa litoropo tse bohareng ba Asia ba ne ba batla likeletso tsa bongaka ho feta banna ba mahaeng ba ka tlase ho lilemo tsa 50.40 Liphapang tse hlokometsoeng litabeng tsa ho batla kalafo li ka hlalosoa ka phapang ea monyetla, matšolo a hajoale a papatso a shebaneng le bophelo bo botle ba basali le bana, le maikutlo a akaretsang mabapi le tlhokomelo ea bongaka. Taba ea hore tebello ea bophelo ea banna e khuts'oane ho feta ea basali e fana ka maikutlo a hore maikutlo a banna mabapi le bophelo bo botle a ba amme bophelo.30

Tlhokomeliso

Testosterone e bapala karolo ea bohlokoahali bophelong ba banna, 'me khaello ea testosterone e hlahisa ponahalo ea maemo a fapaneng a kliniki a amang litsamaiso tse fapaneng tsa' mele, ho kenyeletsoa le mokhoa oa ho ikatisa oa banna.41 Kahoo, ho banna ba nang le ED, ngaka e eang teng e na le monyetla oa ho khetholla maloetse a mang a amanang le ona pele ba ka ba tliliniking.31 Har'a banna ba nang le ED, 2% e tobana le ketsahalo e kholo ea pelo nakong ea likhoeli tsa 12 mme 11% e ameha nakong ea lilemo tsa 5.42 Tsebo har'a banna ba Machaena ka lebaka la khaello ea androgen kapa khaello ea androgen ha e ea lekana.37 Ka bomalimabe, tsebo ea bophelo ba banna le eona ea haella har'a lingaka. Tlhokomelo e sa lekaneng ho taba ena ke le leng la mabaka a mantlha a khaello e hlokometsoeng.30 Ho feta moo, lithibelo tsa nako ea ho phekola mathata a thobalano le tsona li kenya letsoho ho hlokeng tsebo. Haholo-holo, lingaka li tlameha ho sebetsana le maloetse a mang a sokelang bophelo, mme palo ea lingaka ha ea lekana ho fihlela litlhoko tsa bakuli.32

Tumellano ea bokahohleng mabapi le boiphihlelo ba bongaka bo ikarabellang bakeng sa bophelo bo botle ba banna ha e so fumanehe ka lebaka la maikutlo a fapaneng haholo ka likarolo tse fapaneng tsa bophelo ba banna har'a lingaka tse 'maloa tse ikhethang. Sena se fapane hōle le bophelo bo botle ba basali, e leng tsebo e ikhethang ea lingaka tsa basali.32 Phuputsong e mabapi le maikutlo a lingaka mabapi le maikutlo a banna a bophelo bo botle Asia, lingaka ka kakaretso li amahanya bophelo ba banna le lefu la tsoekere le khatello ea mali. Maloetse a prostate le ED li ne li nkuoa e le litaba tsa bophelo bo botle ba banna khafetsa. Bongata ba lingaka li lumela hore bophelo bo botle ba banna ke lefapha la urologist, mme lingaka tsa tlhokomelo ea mantlha, endocrinologists le lingaka tsa pelo ha li bohlokoa hakaalo. Bongata ba lingaka le bona ba lumela hore ho lahleheloa ke ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng le lilemo ho ke ke ha qojoa, mme bokuli le maemo ao banna ba a bonang ha ba ntse ba tsofala a ka lebelloa. Hape, lingaka tse ngata ha li phutholohe ha li sebetsana le mathata a banna a thobalano ka lebaka la ho haelloa ke koetliso le tsebo litabeng tsa thobalano.32

Mekhoa e meng ea kalafo / kalafo ea setso

Asia ke pina e qhibilihang ea meriana e meng hape e tloaelehileng. Chaena feela, meriana ea setso e ile ea ikarabella bakeng sa 30% –50% ea meriana eohle e sebelisitsoeng. Ho feta moo, Malaysia, 65% ea banna e ne e ikutloa eka meriana ea setso e ne e le betere ho feta meriana e tloaelehileng.36

Chaena, palo e kholo ea lipatlisiso tsa mahlale e entsoe ho lekola ts'ebetso ea litlama tsa setso le acupuncture, le litlamorao tsa khaello ea androgen. Lithuto tsena li fana ka maikutlo a hore litholoana tse ntle li ka fumaneha ka meriana e meng 'me ea tiisa karolo ea bohlokoahali ea mekhoa ea setso ho phekola khaello ea androgen. Ka lebaka la liphetho tse boletsoeng ka holimo, banna ba bangata ba batla meriana ea moetlo ho qoba ho etela batho ba fanang ka litsebi tsa bongaka le litlamorao tse tlisoang ke meriana ea sejoale-joale.37

Batho ba bangata ba fetohela lingakeng tsa setso kamora ho nyahamisoa ke litholoana tsa bongaka ba sejoale-joale. Bakuli ba khetha ho nka boikarabello bo eketsehileng bakeng sa bophelo bo botle ba bona ka ho lekola mekhoa e fapaneng ea boits'oaro le bophelo bo botle. Meriana e meng e kenyelletsa likarolo tsena, e nka mokhoa o felletseng oa ho rarolla mathata a mokuli. Mekhoa ea setso e kang ho hlaba ka linalete, acupressure, ayurvedic, yoga, meriana ea litlama, kalafo ea ho silila, boikoetliso, bonono le pholiso moeeng ke mekhoa e felletseng. Mekhoa ena e kopanya 'mele, kelello le moea,' me lipholiso lia fumaneha dessyecik mohopolo oa matla ho fapana le taba, joalo ka bongaka ba sejoale-joale. Ha ho bapisoa le ho rarahana ha mahlale, e leng motheo oa bongaka ba sejoale-joale, mohopolo ona o utloisisoa habonolo le ho utloisisoa, mme o amohela habonolo ka lebaka la mokhoa oa ona o akaretsang.

Bongata ba merabe, sechaba, litso le litloaelo tsa setso tsa meriana ea letsatsi le letsatsi li netefatsa hore likarolo tsohle tsa bophelo bo botle ba banna lia kenyeletsoa. Mekhoa e fapaneng ea setso ea ho eketsa penile e se e ntlafalitsoe, ho kenyeletsoa ho kenngoa ha libolo tsa bolo tlasa letlalo la penile kapa ho kenngoa ha majoe a bohlokoa le mekoallo ea gauda ka leqhoeng. Mekhoa ena e tumme har'a banna ba maemong a sebetsang linaheng tsa Boroa-bochabela ho Asia hobane li theko e tlase ebile bareki ba ts'episoa hore maqeba a tla fola matsatsing a 4-5. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lisebelisoa tsa sejoale-joale tsa penile li theko e phahameng haholo 'me li hloka sepetlele. Hoo e ka bang 1% ea banna ba etsang kopo ea mesebetsi indastering ea likepe ba tloaetse ho sebelisa mekhoa ea setso ea ho kenya li-penile.43

Motsoako oa litlama (phytotherapy) ke ts'ebeliso ea limela kapa litlatsetso tsa limela bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea kalafo. Phytotherapy e etsoa ho theha mecha ea phepelo ea moea, mali le limatlafatsi, le ho thusa ho leka-lekanya lintho tse kahare ho 'mele.44 Morero o ka sehloohong oa phytotherapy ke ho khutlisetsa le ho hlophisa matla a bohlokoa kahare ho 'mele, a ikarabellang bakeng sa botsofe, maloetse le ho senyeha ha mesebetsi ea' mele. Khopolo ea pholiso e amohela mokhoa o akaretsang, moo ho se lekane hoa matla tsamaisong e le 'ngoe ea' mele ho amang lits'ebetso tse ling. Kahoo, meriana ea litlama ha e bue ka mokhoa o le mong ebile ha e reretsoe ho phekola lefu le le leng. Ho tsa bongaka tsa Bophirimela, pilisi ka 'ngoe e etselitsoe setho se itseng / tsamaiso; ka hona, mokuli a ka hloka baskete e tletse lipilisi bakeng sa li-comorbidities tse ngata. Ka lebaka lena, meriana ea setso e khahla haholo ho feta meriana e tloaelehileng.

Lintho tse fapaneng li lebisa ho fokotseha tšebeliso ea meriana e tloaelehileng har'a banna ba Asia. Haholo-holo meriana ea moetlo e lumellana haholo le litekanyetso tsa Asia, litumelo le tšekamelo ea filosofi ho bophelo bo botle, joalo ka ha ho hlalositsoe kaholimo.45 Ho feta moo, meriana ea setso e theko e phahameng haholo, joalo ka ha ho tlalehiloe ke Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo. Asia ke pitsa ea litso le litumelo tse fapaneng, 'me e lehlohonolo ka litlhare tse ngata tsa setso. Meriana ena e ka fumaneha habonolo hobane e fumaneha litsing tsa bongaka tsa setso, 'marakeng le lireschorenteng,' me ha ho hlokahale hore ho fanoe ka likeletso tsa bongaka le litlhare. Ho se ts'oanelehe ha theko ea lithethefatsi ke e 'ngoe ea mabaka a atileng haholo a ho khaotsa ho sebelisoa ha phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor.31 Ho feta moo, ho thata ho sebelisa mekhoa ea kajeno ea phekolo. Mohlala, alprostadil e tlameha ho kenoa botoneng. Tšabo ea mokuli mabapi le litla-morao tsa meriana e tloaelehileng le eona ke ntlha ea bohlokoa, mme bareki ba bangata ba lumela hore meriana ea setso e bolokehile.45 Banna ba Asia le bona ba lumela hore lingaka tsa bona ha li na kelello, ha ba na tsebo ebile ha ba utloisise kapa hona ho amohela litlhare tse ling. Ha ho bapisoa, litsebi tsa setso li nkuoa li le thuso, li khothatsa ebile li khothatsa.36

Boholo ba lithuto tse mabapi le meriana ea setso li etsoa a vitro kapa liphoofolong, 'me ho entsoe lithuto tse fokolang ho batho. Ntle le moo, metsoako ea meriana ena ha e khethollehe habonolo; ka hona, bakuli ba nka libonase tsa lik'hemik'hale tse makatsang tse sa sebetseng hantle le ka katleho. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, litlamorao tsa meriana ea setso li ka fetoha ka lebaka la liphetoho maemong a mobu le mabaka a mang a tikoloho, a lebisang liphellong tse sa lumellaneng. Ka lebaka leo, ho thata ho fihlella litekanyetso tse nepahetseng. Ho feto-fetoha le maemo kapa ho se be teng ha melao ea taolo ea boleng libakeng tse ling tsa Asia ho boetse ho kopanya taba ena.36

Phihlello ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle

Ho fihlella ha tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle linaheng tse tsoelang pele ke bothata ba bohlokoa, 'me kamano e fapaneng pakeng tsa sebaka le lits'ebeletso tsa bophelo e se e hlokometsoe. Taba e boletsoeng ka holimo ke bothata bo bohlokoa Asia hobane boholo ba lichaba ke linaha tse tsoelang pele. Linaha tsa Asia Bohareng le tsona li tobana le mathata a tšoanang. Ha e le hantle, litšebeletso tse ling tsa mantlha tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle li koahela libaka tse nang le lits'ebeletso tse kholo joalo ka 300 km pakeng tsa metse, 'me bakuli ba tobane le moroalo o matla oa lichelete o fihlang litsing tsa bophelo. Bahlokomeli ba tsa bophelo bo botle ba tobana le mathata a tšoanang, ho kenyelletsa le nako e telele ea maeto a ho etela mahae.40 Saroja et al a.46 o ithutile palo ea batho ba Malaysia, mme o hlokometse hore ts'ebeliso ea lits'ebeletso tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle e ne e itšetlehile ka ho ba teng ha bokuli bo sa foleng, lilemo le morabe.46 Mohlala, Machaena ha a sebelise tlhokomelo ea bongaka hangata ka lebaka la boemo ba bona bo phahameng ba bophelo bo botle, ho fana ka tlaleho e tlase, ho tsilatsila, monyetla o phahameng oa ho kula le ho fihlella litlhare tsa setso. Bofuma le boemo ba thuto ha bo na phello ho boits'oaro bo batlang bophelo bo botle.

Bothata bo bong bo ka amang bophelo ba banna nakong e tlang ke theko e tlase ea kalafo ea sejoale-joale. Baahi ba Asia Bochabela ba tsofala ka potlako, mme moruo o kanna oa se khone ho sebetsana le batho ba baholo. Ka ho khetheha, lipakeng tsa 2030 le 2050, palo ea batho ba tsofetseng linaheng tse kholo tsa Asia e lebelletsoe ho nyolohela ho 15%. Haeba moruo oa naha o sa khone ho lekana le batho ba tsofetseng, lisebelisoa tse lekaneng li kanna tsa se fumanehe bakeng sa batho ba tsofetseng.47 Ho feta moo, matšolo a bophelo bo botle a banna a tla ameha haholo haeba basebelisi ba ho qetela ba sa khone ho lefella liteko tsa mali, meriana le lisebelisoa tse ling tse amanang le tlhokomelo ea bongaka.

Liphetho tse boletsoeng ka holimo li bonts'a maemo a bophelo bo botle hona joale Asia, mme poleloana 'tlokotsi e meraro' e hlalosa maemo ka nepo (ho tsofala pele o rua, ho kula pele a tsofala le ho nyoloha ha litšenyehelo tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo ho kenyelletsa tekanyetso e thata ea nts'etsopele).48

Lipampiri tse hlahelletseng ka ho fetisisa mabapi le bophelo bo botle ba banna li hlahisitsoe ka Bophirima, mme lithuto tse entsoeng Asia li batla li fokola.49 Ke mabaka afe a bakang karohano ee? Banna ba Asia ba na le 'mele, setso le boits'oaro bo fapaneng le banna ba Bophirimela;50, 51 ka hona, litholoana tse hlahisoang Bophirima li kanna tsa se sebetse ho banna ba Asia. Ka lebaka lena, lipalo mabapi le banna ba Asia li tlameha ho fumanoa. Lintho tse ngata tse fapaneng li baka ho haella ha data ho bophelo bo botle ba thobalano ba banna ba Asia. Ka mohlala, setso se fapa-fapaneng se teng Asia e bile sabole e sehang ka n eda tse peli. Ka mantsoe a mang, ha lithuto li etsoa Asia, liphetho li tlameha ho hlalosoa ka nepo le ho netefatsoa ka lipuo tse ngata. Ts'ebetso ea data ke taba e nyarosang e eketsoang ke ho hloka kutloano ho lingaka ka lebaka la tšebeliso e fosahetseng e bakoang ke lithibelo tsa puo, setso, litumelo le boemo ba moruo le nts'etsopele. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, ho ts'oana ha maemo kapa ho ema hantle ha pokello ea data hoa fokola; ka hona, tlhahlobo ea data ke mosebetsi o nyolohang. Mohlala, li-parameter tse fapaneng li sebelisitsoe ho lekanya litekanyetso tsa serum testosterone. Lithutong tse peli tsa Asia, litekanyetso tse fapaneng tsa cutoff li sebelisitsoe ho hlahloba khatello ea mahala ea testosterone. Phuputsong e le 'ngoe, monyako oa 0.023 nmol l-1 e sebelisitsoe, ha ho etsoa thutong e ngoe, boleng ba cutoff bo behiloe ho 0.030 nmol l-1. Ho thatafatsa maemo le ho feta, ho sebelisitsoe likhakanyo tse fapaneng, 'me ho ts'epahala le ho bapisoa hoa makunutu li fapane. Ka lebaka la litlamorao tse fapaneng tsa tlhaho tsa tlhaelo ea testosterone maemong a fapaneng le lilemo, liphetho tsa lithuto tse boletsoeng ka holimo li ne li hanyetsana.41 Leha lithuto tse fetileng li netefalitse phello ea phytoandrogen, lipatlisiso tsena li entsoe ka liphoofolo, 'me liteko tse ntle tsa tleliniki ho batho lia fokola.41

Treatment

Ntle le kalafo e tloaelehileng ea sejoale-joale, Maasia a ka sebelisa meriana ea setso le e tlatsetsang, e qalileng lilemong tse likete tse fetileng. Mabapi le meriana ea sejoale-joale, meriana e fumanehang bakeng sa khatello ea thobalano e tšoana le ea Bophirima. Bakeng sa ED, kalafo e kenyelletsa mofuta oa phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, intracavernosal prostaglandin E1, sistimi ea medu e sebelisitsoeng medir erection, lisebelisoa tsa vacuum le penile prosthesis. Liphetho tsa phuputso e fetileng li bontšitse hore polokeho le katleho ea sildenafil ho banna ba Taiwan (China), e ne e tšoana le ea baahi ba Bophirimela.52 Phuputsong ea bakuli ba lefu la tsoekere ba Asia ba tšoaroang ke intracavernosal prostaglandin E1, 76.5% ea bakuli ba ED ba tlalehiloe ketsahalo e khotsofatsang ea thobalano.53 Phuputsong e 'ngoe e entsoeng Taiwan (China), khotsofalo e akaretsang ka ts'ebetso ea bongaka ba penile prosthesis e ne e le 86.6%.54 Armarmarium ea meriana ea setso le e tlatselletsang e fumanehang Asia e bontšitsoe ho tlatsetsa. owever, lithuto tse matla tse nang le bopaki bo hlakileng ba ho sebetsa hoa kalafo tsena ha lia etsoa.

Bakeng sa hypogonadism, phekolo ea phetisetso ea testosterone e ka fanoa ka mokhoa oa gel, patch, ente ea molomo kapa ea methapo. Testosterone undecanoate, testosterone ea nako e telele e sebetsang, e sa tsoa tsebisoa mme e ithutile ho bakuli ba Korea ba nang le testosterone ea tlhaelo ea testosterone. Liphetho li bontšitse hore testosterone undecanoate e ne e sebetsa, e bolokehile ebile e mamelleha.55 Bakeng sa ho omisoa pele ho nako, kalafo ea kelello le ea boitsoaro, litlatsetso tsa ho loants'oa lithethefatsi sebakeng sa heno, litlokotsi tsa SS, tramadol le li-inhibitors tse khethiloeng tsa serotonin li ka sebelisoa. Dapoxetine, sebapali se secha sa nakoana se khethiloeng sa serotonin reuptake inhibitor se nang le litlamorao tse fokolang ho feta tse sebetsanang le nako e telele ea ho sebetsa ea serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Phuputsong e entsoeng seterekeng sa Asia Pacific, dapoxetine e ile ea nka nako e telele haholo ea nako ea maqhubu a maiketsetso le ho ntlafatsa mekhoa ea boemo ba pelehi ea kemolo. Ntle le moo, litholoana li bontšitse hore dapoxetine e mamelletsoe hantle.56

Litsela tsa nakong e tlang

Ha ho bapisoa le Bophirimela, tlhaiso-leseling mabapi le ho se sebetse hantle ha thobalano ea banna Asia e batla e fokola, 'me meriana ea thobalano ha e-so thehiloe e le lekala la bongaka le hlokang tlhokomelo. Leha ho le joalo, tlhokomeliso ea thobalano e eketsehile, mme Asia Pacific Mokhatlo oa Bongaka ba Thobalano o nkile karolo e kholo katolosong ea bophelo bo botle ba thobalano.

Ba batona ba Asia ba fapane ka ho hlaka le balekane ba bona ba Bophirimela mabapi le biology, setso le litumelo. Hajoale, bakuli ba Asia ba laoloa ho ipapisitsoe le tlhaiso-leseling e fumanoeng ho batho ba Bophirimela. Bafuputsi ba Asia ba tlameha ho theha lithuso tsa liqeto le mananeo a arolelanoang a liqeto a lumellanang le moetlo oa bona oa lehae. Patlisiso e tlang mabapi le bophelo bo botle ba botona le botšehali ba banna e lokela ho koahela maikutlo le menahano ea kelello ea merabe e fapaneng ho baahi ba Asia. Ho hlahisa banna bana ho tla thusa ho nts'etsopele ea merero ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle le e sebetsang e ipapisitseng le mehlala ea liqeto tse arolelanoeng le lithuso tsa liqeto tse thehiloeng bopaking48

Ho tloha mehleng ea khale, batho ba Maasia ba ntse ba ikakhetse ka setotsoana kalafong ea setso le tlatsetso. Ka lebaka la litso tse fapaneng tsa Asia, ho na le mefuta e mengata ea kalafo e fumanehang. Leha ho le joalo, liphekolo tsena ha lia ka tsa ithutoa haholo. Ho etsoa lipatlisiso tse ngata mabapi le meriana e meng a vitro kapa e ipapisitse le mehlala ea liphoofolo. Ka hona, katleho le polokeho ea mekhoa ena ea kalafo ha e so bonoe. Leha ho le joalo, meriana ea setso le e tlatselletsang e lokela ho sebelisoa hampe ka botlalo, 'me lipatlisiso tse ling li lokela ho etsoa ho sesa botle ho bobe.

Maikutlo a batho ba Asia a tlameha ho fetoloa. Thobalano ha ea lokela ho nkoa e le litšila, 'me lingaka li tlameha ho tobana le ho se sebetse ka thobalano, e bohlokoa joalo ka lefu la tsoekere le khatello ea mali. Mmuso o boetse o hloka ho beha chelete e lekaneng bakeng sa kalafo ea khatello ea thobalano. Linaheng tse ngata, meriana e kang li-inhibitors tsa PDF5 ha e fuoe chelete ea 'muso. Kahoo, bakuli ba bangata ha ba khone ho fumana kalafo ebile ba utloa bohloko ha ba khutsitse. Mekhatlo e joalo ka Asia Pacific Society ea Bongaka ba Thobalano le Asia-Oceania Federation bakeng sa Sexology e lokela ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea meriana ea thobalano. Banna ba Asia ba lokela ho tšolla litlolo tse amanang le thobalano mme ba hlokomele hore ho se sebetse ka thobalano ke lefu le ka alafang. Ho fihlela sena, mecha ea litaba e ka bapala karolo ea bohlokoa.

Nahanisisa

Bophelo bo botle ba thobalano ba banna Asia bo tlisa phephetso ho bafani ba tlhokomelo ea bophelo hobane mekhoa e fapaneng hanyane e tlameha ho amoheloa ho rarolla mathata a ikhethang ho Maasia. Kahoo, tsoelo-pele ea bohlokoa mabapi le bophelo ba banna ba thobalano e tlameha ho etsoa, ​​le lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa meriana ea setso le e tlatselletsang li tlameha ho thetheloa ho ntlafatsa bophelo ba banna ba thobalano Asia.

Mongolo o botlaaseng ba leqephe

Boitsebiso bo Eketsehileng e tsamaea le pampiri e fumanehang webosaeteng ea Molecular Psychiatry (http://www.nature.com/aja)

tlatsetsa

Meriana ea setso e sebelisoang Asia

  • China yam (Dioscorea ka lehlakoreng le leng)
  • Eucomnia (Eucommia ulmoides)
  • Ginseng (Panax ginseng)
  • Fo-Ti-Tieng
  • Dong-quai
  • Nagana Hats (Cervi pantotrichum)
  • Seahorse (Hippocampus kelloggii)
  • Gingko (Gingko biloba)
  • Tribulus terrestris
  • Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia)
  • Gambih
  • Yohimbe (Pausinystalia yohimbe)
  • Epimedium extract (Horny Goat Weed)
  • Mofuta oa Oat
  • Nama ea Oyster
  • Khasi ea Nettle
  • Litekanyetso tsa liphoofolo
  • Cayenne
  • Astragalus
  • Sarsparilla
  • Motso oa Licorice
  • Peo ea mokopu
  • Cuscuta
  • Dendrobium
  • Curculiginis
  • Poone ea poone
  • Cordyceps sinensis
  • Peo ea cnidium
  • Li-Cistanches
  • Litholoana tsa Alpinia
  • Motsoako o hlaha oa "asparagus"
  • Gynostemma
  • Longan
  • Peo ea Lotus
  • Litholoana tsa "calcium" (Fructus lycii)
  • Motso oa Morinda
  • Psoralea
  • Rehmannia
  • Litholoana tsa Schizandra
  • Walnut kernel

Boitsebiso bo Eketsehileng

References

  1. Hatzimouratidis K, Amar E, Eardley I, Giuliano F, Hatzichristou D, et al. Tataiso mabapi le bothata ba botona ba botona ba botšehali: ho se sebetse hantle ha erectile le ho tsoha kapele. Euro Urol. 2010; 57: 804-14. [E fetotsoe]
  2. Tan HM, WY e tlase, Ng CJ, Chen KK, Sugita M, et al. Ho ata le li-correlates tsa ho se sebetse ha erectile (ED) le kalafo e batlang ED ho banna ba Asia: Maikutlo a Banna ba Asia mabapi le Liketsahalo tsa Bophelo le Thobalano (MALES). J Thobalano Med. 2007; 4: 1582-92. [E fetotsoe]
  3. Cho BL, Kim YS, Choi YS, Hong MH, Seo HG, et al. Litla-morao le maemo a kotsi a ho se sebetse hantle ha erectile tlhokomelong ea mantlha: litholoana tsa tlhahlobo ea Korea. Int J Impot Res. 2003; 15: 323-8. [E fetotsoe]
  4. Bai Q, Xu QQ, Jiang H, Zhang WL, Wang XH, et al. Litla-morao le likotsi tsa ho se sebetse hantle ha erectile metseng e meraro ea Chaena: thuto e thehiloeng sechabeng. Asia J Androl. 2004; 6: 343-8. [E fetotsoe]
  5. Chen KK, Chiang HS, Jiann BP, Lin JS, Liu WJ, et al. Bokapele ba ho se sebetse hantle ha erectile le litlamorao ketsahalong ea thobalano le boithabiso bo ikemetseng ba thobalano ho banna ba baholo ho feta lilemo tsa 40 tsa Taiwan. Int J Impot Res. 2004; 16: 249-55. [E fetotsoe]
  6. Li MK, Garcia LA, Rosen R, Li MK, Garcia LA, et al. Matšoao a tlase a ho ntša metsi 'meleng le ho se sebetse hantle ha banna ho tsa thobalano Asia: tlhahlobo ea banna ba tsofetseng ba tsoang linaheng tse hlano tsa Asia. BJU Int. 2005; 96: 1339-54. [E fetotsoe]
  7. Kongkanand A. Bolao ba ho se sebetse hantle ha erectile Thailand. Thai Erectile Dysfunction Epidemiological Study Group. Int J Androl. 2000; 23 Suppl 2: 77-80. [E fetotsoe]
  8. Tan JK, Hong CY, Png DJ, Liew LC, Wong ML, et al. Ho hloka taolo ea Erectile naheng ea Singapore: ts'oaetso le mabaka a amanang le eona-thuto e thehiloeng ho sechaba. Singapore Med J. 2003; 44: 20-6. [E fetotsoe]
  9. Chin CM, Khin LW, Quek P, Moorthy P, Lim P. Boiteko ba ho se sebetse hantle ha botona ho batho ba baholo ba Singapore: liphetho tsa nakoana tsa patlisiso e akaretsang. BJU Int. 2002; 90 Suppl 2: 38.
  10. Khoo EM, Tan HM, Low WY. Ho se sebetse hantle ha botšehali le li-comorbidities ho banna ba tsofetseng: thuto ea likarolo tsa litoropo ea Malaysia. J Thobalano Med. 2008; 5: 2925-34. [E fetotsoe]
  11. WY e tlase, Khoo EM, Tan HM, Hew FL, Teoh SH. Ho tepella maikutlong, boemo ba lihormone le ho se sebetse ha erectile ho monna ea tsofetseng: litholoana tsa thuto ea sechaba ho la Malaysia. Bong ba banna ba bophelo bo botle. 2006; 3: 263-70.
  12. Feldman HA, Goldstein I, Hatzichristou DG, Krane RJ, McKinlay JB. Matlafatso le tlhabollo ea eona ea bongaka le kelello: litlamorao tsa Massachusetts Male Aging Study. J Urol. 1994; 151: 54-61. [E fetotsoe]
  13. Shirai M, Marui E, Hayashi K, Ishii N, Abe T. Prevalence le li-correlates tsa dysfunction ea erectile Japane. Int J Clin Tloaelo. 1999; 102: 36. [E fetotsoe]
  14. Nicolosi A, Glasser DB, Kim SC, Marumo K, Laumann EO, et al. Boitšoaro ba thobalano le ho se sebetse hantle le mekhoa ea ho batla thuso ho batho ba baholo ba nang le lilemo tsa 40-80 litoropong tsa linaha tsa Asia. BJU Int. 2005; 95: 609-14. [E fetotsoe]
  15. Lau JT, Wang Q, Cheng Y, Yang X, Lau JT, et al. Ho ba haufi le ho ba kotsing ea ho hloka thobalano ho banna ba nyetseng ba sebakeng sa mahaeng China. Urology. 2005; 66: 616-22. [E fetotsoe]
  16. McMahon CG, Althof SE, Waldinger MD, Porst H, Dean J, et al. Tlhaloso e thehiloeng holim'a bopaki ea bophelo bo botle ba kamoso pele ho nako: tlaleho ea Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Bongaka ba Thobalano (ISSM) ea tlas'a maemo komiti bakeng sa moelelo oa ejaculation pele ho nako. J Thobalano Med. 2008; 5: 1590-606. [E fetotsoe]
  17. Moreira ED, Jr, Kim SC, Glasser D, Gingell C. Ts'ebetso ea thobalano, ho ata ha mathata a thobalano le mekhoa e amanang le ho batla thuso ho banna le basali ba lilemo tse 40-80 naheng ea Korea: data ho tsoa ho Global Study of Attonse Attribor and Behaviors ( GSSAB) J Thobalano Med. 2006; 3: 201-11. [E fetotsoe]
  18. Quek KF, Sallam AA, Ng CH, Chua CB. Ho ba haufi le mathata a thobalano le kamano ea eona le maemo a bophelo, maikutlong le 'meleng har'a banna ho baahi ba Malaysia: thuto e akaretsang. J Thobalano Med. 2008; 5: 70-6. [E fetotsoe]
  19. Lau JT, Kim JH, Tsui HY. Litla-morao tsa mathata a botona le a botšehali a banna le basali, maikutlo a amanang le thobalano le kamano le bophelo bo botle ba baahi ba China: thuto e thehiloeng ho sechaba. Int J Impot Res. 2005; 17: 494-505. [E fetotsoe]
  20. Park HJ, Park JK, Park K, Lee SW, Kim SW, et al. Phallo ea peleho ea nako ea pele ho nako ho banna ba banyenyane le ba mahareng ba Korea: tlhahlobo e atileng ea marang-rang e tsoang ho Korea Andrological Society. Asia J Androl. 2010; 12: 880-9. [Tlhahiso ea mahala ea PMC] [E fetotsoe]
  21. Nieschlag E, Swerdloff R, Behre HM, Gooren LJ, Kaufman JM, et al. Ho etsa lipatlisiso, kalafo le ho hlokomela li-hypogonadism tsa morao-rao ho banna: Litlhahiso tsa ISA, ISSAM le EAU. Euro Urol. 2005; 48: 1-5. [E fetotsoe]
  22. Lunenfeld B, Saad F, Hoesl CE. Litlhahiso tsa ISA, ISSAM le EAU bakeng sa lipatlisiso, kalafo le ho hlokomela li-hypogonadism tsa morao-rao ho banna: Pale ea saense le nalane. Ho tsofala Monna. 2005; 8: 59-74. [E fetotsoe]
  23. Wong SY, Chan DC, Hong A, Woo J. Prevalence le lisosa tsa kotsi bakeng sa khaello ea androgen ho banna ba lilemo li mahareng ho Hong Kong. Metabolism. 2006; 55: 1488-94. [E fetotsoe]
  24. Beutel ME, Schneider H, Weidner W. Matšoao kapa litletlebo ho monna ea tsofetseng: ke lipotso life tse fumanehang. Urologe A. 2004; 43: 1069-75. [E fetotsoe]
  25. Low WY, Khoo EM, Tan HM. Banna ba Hypogonadal le boleng ba bona ba bophelo. Ho tsofala Monna. 2007; 10: 77-87.
  26. Li JY, Li XY, Li M, Zhang GK, Ma FL, et al. Ho fokotseha ha litekanyetso tsa testosterone tsa mahala ho banna ba phetseng ba phetseng hantle ba China. Ho tsofala Monna. 2005; 8: 203-6. [E fetotsoe]
  27. Lin YC, Hwang TI, Chiang HS, Yang CR, Wu HC, et al. Litlamorao tsa khaello ea androgen le matšoao a kliniki ho banna ba Taiwan. Int J Impot Res. 2006; 18: 343-7. [E fetotsoe]
  28. Tan HM, Ng CJ, WY e tlase, Khoo EM, Yap PK, et al. Patlisiso ea banna ba Subang ea bophelo bo botle - thuto ea sechaba se nang le merabe e fapaneng. Monna ea tsofetseng. 2007; 10: 111.
  29. WY e tlase, Khoo EM, Tan HM, Hew FL, Teoh SH. Ho tepella maikutlong, boemo ba lihormone le ho se sebetse ha erectile ho monna ea tsofetseng: litholoana tsa thuto ea sechaba ho la Malaysia. Bong ba banna ba bophelo bo botle. 2006; 3: 263-70.
  30. Sun Y, Liu Z. Bophelo bo botle ba banna Chaena. Bong ba banna ba bophelo bo botle. 2007; 4: 13-7.
  31. Liao CH, Chiang HS. Ho se sebetse ha Erectile, khaello ea testosterone, lefu la metabolic le lefu la senya ho la Taiwan. Bophelo ba J Men. 2008; 5: 289-96.
  32. Yates M, Low WY, Rosenberg D. Maikutlo a ngaka mabapi le mohopolo oa "bophelo bo botle ba banna" Asia. Bophelo ba J Men. 2008; 5: 48-55.
  33. Ng CJ, Tan HM, WY e tlase. Ke eng seo banna ba Asia ba se nkang e le litšobotsi tsa bohlokoa tsa bonna? Liphuputso tse tsoang ho Maikutlo a Banna ba Asia ho Liketsahalo tsa Bophelo le Thobalano (MALES) Thuto. Bophelo ba J Men. 2008; 5: 350-5.
  34. Bhui K, Chandran M, Sathyamoorthy G. Teko ea bophelo bo botle ba kelello le banna ba Asia boroa. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2002; 14: 52-9.
  35. Galdas P, Cheater F, Marshall P. Karolo ea bonna ke efe liqetong tsa banna ba basoeu le ba Asia Boroa ho batla thuso ea bongaka bakeng sa bohloko ba sefubeng sa pelo. Leano la J Health Serv Res. 2007; 12: 223-9. [E fetotsoe]
  36. WY e tlase, Tan HM. Meriana ea setso ea Asia ea ho se sebetse hantle ha erectile. Bong ba banna ba bophelo bo botle. 2007; 4: 245-50.
  37. Letsatsi YH, Liu ZY. Bophelo ba banna Chaena. Bong ba banna ba bophelo bo botle. 2007; 4: 13-7.
  38. Louis JG. Mokhoa oa ho khetholla monna ea tsofetseng. Lefatshe J Urol. 2002; 20: 17-22. [E fetotsoe]
  39. Ray MS. Karolo ea boemo ba inshorense ea bong le moetlo mekhoeng le maitsholong a bophelo bo botle ho palo ea baithuti ba China ba US. Bophelo bo botle ba Ethn. 2001; 6: 197-209. [E fetotsoe]
  40. Cheryrl EC, Micheal B, Olga Z. Phapang ea tekano ho ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa mantlha tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle Asia Bohareng. Morero oa Leano la Bophelo. 2002; 17: 264-72. [E fetotsoe]
  41. Lee BC, Tan HM. Hypogonadism ea morao-rao: boiphihlelo ba Asia. Bophelo ba J Men. 2008; 5: 297-302.
  42. de Kretser DM. Boikemisetso ba bophelo bo botle ba banna: ho sebelisana ha lintho tsa tlhaho le tsa kahisano. Asia J Androl. 2010; 12: 291-7. [Tlhahiso ea mahala ea PMC] [E fetotsoe]
  43. Terrence HH. Ho beha banna setšoantšong: mathata a bophelo bo botle ba botona ba botona ba botona ho Asia Boroa la S22 Ho Tsoala Basali le Mekha ea Thobalano. Litaba tsa Kopano ea IUSSP XXIV; 18-24 August 2001; Salvador, Brazil. IUSSP, Paris, Fora, 2001.
  44. Yuen SH, Kwok FS, Raymond CC. Motsoako oa litlama o felisang botsofe — o ka sebelisoa joang le hobaneng maloetse a amanang le botsofali? Ho tsofala Res Rev. 2010; 9: 354-62. [E fetotsoe]
  45. Wong LP, Tan HM, Low WY, Ng CJ. Meriana ea setso le e tlatselletsang (T / CM) ho phekola mathata a erectile-boiphihlelo bo tsoang mekhoeng ea banna ba Asia thutong ea Liketsahalo tsa Bophelo le Thobalano (MALES). Bophelo ba J Men. 2008; 5: 356-65.
  46. Saroja K, Kavitha S, Wah YL, Jemain AA, Tishya I, et al. Lintlha tse kenyang tšebeliso ea lits'ebeletso tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle ho la Malaysia: thuto e thehiloeng ho sechaba. Asia Pac J Bophelo bo Botle ba Setjhaba. 2010; 21: 442-50. [E fetotsoe]
  47. Naohiro Y. Ho tsofala ha baahi Japane le litlamorao tsa eona ho linaha tse ling tsa Asia. J Asia Econ. 1997; 8: 245-61. [E fetotsoe]
  48. Tan HM, Horie S. Bophelo bo botle ba banna Asia. Bophelo ba J Men. 2008; 5: 265-6.
  49. Tlaase WY, Tong SF, Tan HM. Ho se sebetse ha Erectile, ejaculation pele ho nako le hypogonadism le boleng ba bophelo ba banna: pono ea Asia. Bophelo ba J Men. 2008; 5: 282-8.
  50. van Houten ME, Gooren LJ. Phapang ea ho ba le bana ba endocrinology lipakeng tsa banna ba Asia le banna ba Caucasian tlhahlobo ea lingoliloeng. Asia J Androl. 2000; 2: 13-20. [E fetotsoe]
  51. Iwamoto T, Nozawa S, Yoshiike M. Semen boleng ba banna ba Asia. Reprod Med Biol. 2007; 6: 185-93.
  52. Chen KK, Hsieh JT, Huang ST, Jiaan DB, Lin JS, et al. ASSESS-3: tlhahlobo ea bongaka e sa sebetseng, e sa boneng mahlo hape e sebetsa habonolo ea ts'ireletso le ts'ireletso ea sildenafil ea molomo kalafong ea banna ba nang le bothata ba ho se sebetse ka sekhahla ka hare ho naha ea Taiwan. Int J Impot Res. 2001; 13: 221-9. [E fetotsoe]
  53. Tsai YS, Lin JS, Lin YM. Ts'ireletseho le katleho ea alprostadil sterile phofo (S. Po., CAVERJECT) ho bakuli ba lefu la tsoekere ba nang le bothata ba ho se sebetse hantle ha erectile. Euro Urol. 2000; 38: 177-83. [E fetotsoe]
  54. Chiang HS, Wu CC, Wen TC. Boiphihlelo ba lilemo tsa 10 ka ho kenngoa ha penile prosthesis ho bakuli ba Taiwan. J Urol. 2000; 163: 476-80. [E fetotsoe]
  55. Khoeli ea DG, Park MG, Lee SW, Park K, Park JK, et al. Ho sebetsa hantle le polokeho ea testosterone undecanoate (Nebido®) ho tlhaelo ea testosterone ea tlhaelo-pele ea Korea: thuto e lebelletsoeng ea multicenter. J Thobalano Med. 2010; 7: 2253-60. [E fetotsoe]
  56. McMahon C, Kim SW, Park NC, Chang CP, Rivas D, et al. Phekolo ea kemolo ea pele ho nako sebakeng sa Asia-pacific: liphetho tse tsoang ho karolo ea boraro ea bofofu, thuto ea sehlopha se ts'oanang ea dapoxetine. J Thobalano Med. 2010; 7: 256-68. [E fetotsoe]
  57. Siu SC, Lo SK, Wong KW, Ip KM, Wong YS. Ho ba le mabaka a kotsing ea ho se sebetse hantle ha erectile ho bakuli ba lefu la tsoekere la Hong Kong. Diabetes Med. 2001; 18: 732-8. [E fetotsoe]
  58. Liu CC, Wu WJ, Lee YC, Wang CJ, Ke HL, et al. Ho ata ha mabaka a tlisoang ke khaello ea androgen ho banna ba tsofetseng ba Taiwan. J Thobalano Med. 2009; 6: 936-46. [E fetotsoe]
  59. Wong SY, Chan DC, Hong A, Woo J. Ho kenella le mabaka a kotsing bakeng sa khaello ea androgen ho banna ba lilemo li mahareng ho Hong Kong. Metabolism. 2006; 55: 1488-94. [E fetotsoe]

 

Likarohano tsa litlhare tsa thobalano lipakeng tsa Asia le Amerika Leboea: Tlhaloso mabapi le khaello ea thobalano ea banna Asia

Asia J Androl. 2011 Jul; 13 (4): 605-606.

E hatisitsoe Inthaneteng 2011 Jun 6. doi:  10.1038 / aja.2010.139

PMCID: PMC3739613

Sengoliloeng se sa tsoa hatisoa ho Koranta ea Asia ea Andrology, Ho et al a.1 hlahloba ho ata, maikutlo, le mekhoa ea kalafo e amanang le ho se sebetse hantle ka thobalano Asia mme o e bapise le ea sechaba sa Bophirimela. Li totobatsa ho hlaka ho lekantsoeng ha datha mabapi le ho se sebetse hantle ka mokhoa oa tlhaho oa ho hlaba ka nakoana (erectile dysfunction (Ed)) Le ha bangoli ba leka ka mokhoa o khahlisang ho tsebahatsa ho se sebetse hantle ka thobalano Asia, ho na le lintlha tse ngata tse thatafatsang tlhaloso ea litekanyetso tsa keketseho e phatlalalitsoeng. Mabaka a makatsang a amang ho hlalosoa ha lithuto tsena a kenyelletsa mokhoa oa ho khetholla li-cohorts tse ithutoang, lilemo tsa barupeluoa ba thuto, litekanyetso tsa karabelo, litlhaloso tsa ED, le maano le bolelele ba nako ea ho bokella data.

Asia le Amerika Leboea e entsoe ka baahi ba litoropo le ba mahaeng ba fapaneng le ba maemo a fapaneng a thuto le maemo a bophelo a moruo. Ha ho potang hore ho na le lipelaelo tse ngata tsa hore setso sa bohlokoa se susumetsa ho tlaleha le ho alafa kalafo ea thobalano lik'honthinenteng tsena ka bobeli. Tekanyetso ea ED naheng ea United States e tloaetse ho hakanyetsoa hore ke 35% –50% ea banna ba lilemo li 40-70.2, 3 Thutong ea lithuto tsa mafu a amanang le thobalano tse amanang le linaha tsa Asia (ho kenyeletsoa lithuto tse 'maloa tsa lefats'e tse neng li kenyelletsa tlhaiso-leseling ea Asia le e lumelletsoeng ho bapisoa pakeng tsa lichaba) Lewis o bontšitse phapang e pharalletseng litekanyetsong tsa tekanyetso e tlalehiloeng.4 Mohlala, banna ba Thailand ba ne ba e-na le sekhahla sa ED sa 38%, ha se bapisoa le 20% bakeng sa China, 15% ea Korea le 2% bakeng sa Malaysia. Leha ho le joalo, lithutong tsohle, palo ea batho ba bangata e eketseha ka lilemo. Ho bile le keketseho ea 7% -15% ka kakaretso ho lithuto tsa Asia bakeng sa sehlopha sa lilemo tsa 40-49, e ileng ea eketseha ho fihla ho 39% -49% bakeng sa banna ba lilemo li 60-70. Baahi ba Amerika Leboea, Latin le Australia ba bile le keketseho e ts'oanang le lilemo.

Bangoli ba tlhahlobo ea hajoale ba shebana le liphapang tsa maikutlo le kalafo lipakeng tsa banna ba Asia le Bophirimela ba nang le ED. Ba hlokomela hore banna ba bangata ba Asia ba 'utloa bohloko (ho se sebetse ka thobalano) ba khutsitse' ho fapana le banna ba lulang lichabeng tsa Bophirimela, mme ba fana ka maikutlo a hore liphapang tsa setso tse amanang le temoho ea bonna e kanna ea ba sesosa sa mantlha. Ha ho boleloa, tsona tšusumetso tse tšoanang li ama banna le ho tlaleha ho se sebetse ka thobalano litsong tsohle. Toropong ea New York, re na le tokelo ea ho hlokomela bakuli ba fapaneng ka ho felletseng, ho kenyeletsoa banna ba tsoang kontinenteng eohle ea Asia. Joalo ka Asia, re tloaetse ho kopana le bakuli bao haholo-holo ba sebelisang meriana e meng le ea setso ho fapana le, kapa hammoho le meriana e bitsoang "Bophirimela". Banna ba ka fumana kalafo tsena tseo e seng tsa setso hobane li ka fumaneha ka mokhoa o sa tsejoeng ntle le ho senola 'liphoso' tse hlabisang lihlong tsa thobalano. Ka tlhaloso, meriana e meng ha e e-so fuoe maemo a bopaki bo thehiloeng bopaking ba ts'ebetso mme ka hona e tšohloa hanyane nakong ea thupelo ea sekolo sa bongaka le koetliso ea bolulo United States. Ka hona, lingaka tsa Amerika Leboea hangata ha li rutehe mabapi le meriana ea setso ebile li na le lipelaelo mabapi le kalafo ea litlama.5 Leha ho le joalo, bakuli ba bangata Asia le United States ba itšetleha ka litlama. Xu le Levine ba tlalehile hore bakuli ba bona ba 11-30% ba noa meriana ea litlama. Ba tlaleha hore ha ba botsoa potso e reng, 'U nka litlhare tsa litlama li le molemo joang kalafong ea bakuli ba hau?', Lingaka li arabile ka karabo e bohareng ea 2 ka sekala sa lintlha tse 5, 'me tse 5 li nkoa e le kalafo e' thusang haholo ' ea bakuli le 1 e le 'ha e na thuso ho hang'.6 Ka lebaka la sechaba se ntseng se eketseha se fapaneng ka maemo a phahameng a bojaki bo tsoelang pele ba Asia, re lumela hore lingaka tsa Bophirimela li ka rua molemo koetlisong e tiileng le e hlophisehileng mabapi le meriana e meng hape le hore mekhoa ena ea kalafo e lokela ho ba tlasa tlhahlobo e matla ho feta, mme mohlomong, melawana.

Bangoli ba tlhahlobo ba qotsa litšenyehelo, ho fumaneha, khaello ea boemo ba litla-morao, taolo ea boleng, le litlamorao tse sa lumellaneng e le lintlha tsa bohlokoa tse amanang le ts'ebeliso e fumanehang hohle ea meriana e meng Asia. Linaheng tsa Bophirimela, joalo ka Asia, limiriade tsa lihlahisoa tsa 'tlhaho' li tla le lipolelo tsa bophelo bo ntlafetseng ba thobalano le kholo ea phallus. Khatisong ea MacKay, L-arginine, yohimbine, Panax ginseng, Maca, Ginkgo biloba, DHEA, le Tribulus terrestris li ile tsa hlahlojoa hore na li sebetsa hantle joang ho phekola ED.3 Bangoli ba pampiri ba fihletse qeto ea hore, leha liteko tse thehiloeng bopaking li ne li haella, kalafo e ka hlahisa litholoana tse ntle ho lisele tsa penile endothelial, leha ho ameha ka litlamorao tse ka bang teng le ts'ebelisano 'moho ea lithethefatsi e ntse e le teng. Lefapheng la urology, ho bonahala ho na le tumellano mabapi le tlhoko ea lipatlisiso tse ling tsa bongaka le benche mabapi le katleho le polokeho ea lisebelisuoa tsa litlama le tsa setso.

Mohlomong phapang e makatsang ka ho fetesisa e teng lipakeng tsa litso tsa Asia le Amerika ke phapang ea setso sa boits'oaro ba banna ba ho batla bophelo bo botle. Liphapang tsena li ka phehella le hara MaAmerika a litloholo tsa Asia. Ho tlalehiloe hore Maamerika a Asia a ne a nka hore ha a na karolo e lekaneng ho etsa liqeto tsa tlhokomelo ea bona, a lemoha hore ngaka ha ea qeta nako e lekaneng le bona, mme ba na le monyetla o fokolang oa ho lumela hore 'lingaka li ba tšoara ka tlhompho le seriti' ha e bapisoa le Maamerika a Caucasus.7 Phuputsong e neng e hlahloba litumelo tsa bophelo bo botle har'a baithuti ba China ho America, basali ba ne ba le teng ho feta banna ba bona ba ho hlahlojoa khafetsa. Phuputso e boetse e hlakisitse mohopolo oa baithuti oa batsoali ba bona mabapi le ho fumana tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle, mme ho tlalehiloe hore bo-mme ba ne ba le 'monyetla oa ho batla tlhokomelo ea thibelo le ho hlahlojoa khafetsa ho feta bo-ntat'a bona'.8 Phapang ena e tšosang ea bong ba batho ba Maamerika a Asia e bonts'a liqeto tse fihletsoeng ke bangoli ba tlhahlobo ea hajoale mabapi le batho ba Asia Asia.

Ho hlakile hore ho na le tlhoko ea bafani ba tlhokomelo ea bophelo ho fumana tšepo ea bakuli ba batona ba Asia mme ba lemohe liphoso tse lemohuoang kapa tsa 'nete mabapi le ho hlomphana le boikarabello bo arolelanoeng ba ho etsa liqeto. Kutloisiso e kholo ea mekhoa e meng ea kalafo ea ho se sebetse ka thobalano e bohlokoa molemong oa bakuli le polokeho. Boiteko bo tsoelang pele ba mekhatlo e ikemiselitseng Asia, joalo ka Mokhatlo oa Asia Pacific bakeng sa Bongaka ba Thobalano, e tla ba karolo ea bohlokoa ho tloseng litloaelo tsa setso le ho nolofatsa mekhoa ea kalafo e utloahalang e le hore banna ba Asia ba se hlole ba utloa bohloko ka khutso.

References

  1. Ho CCK, Singam P, Hong GE, Zainuddin ZM. Ho hloka thobalano ho banna Asia. Asia J Androl. 2011; 13: 537-542. [Tlhahiso ea mahala ea PMC] [E fetotsoe]
  2. Laumann EO, Paik A, Rosen RC. Ho se sebetse hantle ka thobalano United States: ho ata le baphethahatsi. JAMA. 1999; 281: 537-44. [E fetotsoe]
  3. MacKay D. Lijo tse nang le phepo le botanicals bakeng sa ho se sebetse hantle ka mokhoa oa ho senya: ho hlahloba bopaki. Altern Med Moruti 2004; 9: 4-16. [E fetotsoe]
  4. Lewis RW. Epidemiology ea bothata ba thobalano Asia e bapisoa le lefatše lohle. Asia J Androl. 2010; 13: 152-8. [Tlhahiso ea mahala ea PMC] [E fetotsoe]
  5. Berman BM, Singh BK, Lao L, Singh BB, Ferentz KS, le al. Boikutlo ba lingaka mabapi le kalafo e tlatselletsang kapa e meng: phuputso ea lebatooa. J Am Board Fam Pract. 1995; 8: 361-6. [E fetotsoe]
  6. Xu S, Levine M. Baahi ba bongaka le maikutlo a baithuti mabapi le meriana ea litlama: thuto ea sefofane. Na J Clin Pharmacol. 2008; 15: e1-4. [E fetotsoe]
  7. Johnson RL, Saha S, Arbelaez JJ, Beach MC, Cooper LA. Phapang ea morabe le ea morabe maikutlong a mamello a khethollo ea leeme le boiphihlelo litabeng tsa bophelo bo botle. J Gen Intern Med. 2004; 19: 101-10. [Tlhahiso ea mahala ea PMC] [E fetotsoe]
  8. Ray-Mazumder S. Karolo ea bong, boemo ba inshorense le moetlo mekhoeng le maitsholong a bophelo bo botle ho palo ea baithuti ba China ba US. Bophelo bo botle ba Ethn. 2001; 6: 197-209. [E fetotsoe]