LIPOTSO: E entsoe ke e mong oa bahlahlobisisi ba litheko tse holimo lefatšeng. Pampiri ena e bapisa le bokhoba ba lijo le lithethefatsi. Joalo ka lithuto tse ling o fumana hore ba arolelana mekhoa le bohloeki ka tsela e tšoanang. Haeba lijo tse bobebe li ka baka tšenyo, joale Inthanete e kanna ea khona.
HO ITHUTA KA HO FIHLELA: Matsoalo a Homeostatic le Hedonic Signals a Laolang Tlhahiso ea Lijo
Michael Lutter * le Eric J. Nestler4
J Nutr. 2009 Tlhakubele; 139 (3): 629-632.
Doi: 10.3945 / jn.108.097618.
Lefapha la Psychiatry, Setsi sa Bongaka sa Texas Southwestern Medical, Dallas, TX 75390
* Re lokela ho ngolla mangwalo Lengolo-tsoibila: [imeile e sirelelitsoe].
Aterese ea 4Present: Lefapha la Fishberg la Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029.
HO HLOKA
Takatso ea lijo e laoloa ke li-drive tsa tlatsetso tsa 2: litsela tsa homeostatic le hedonic. Tsela ea homeostatic e laola tekano ea matla ka ho eketsa tšusumetso ea ho ja ka mor'a ho putlama ha mabenkele a matla. Ho fapana le hoo, melao ea hedonic kapa e thehiloeng moputsong e ka feta tseleng ea lapeng nakong ea matla a mangata ka ho eketsa takatso ea ho ja lijo tse fumanehang habonolo. Ho fapana le ts'ebeliso ea lijo, tšusumetso ea ho sebelisa lithethefatsi tsa tlhekefetso e tsamaisoa feela ke tsela ea moputso. Sengolong sena re lekola lipatlisiso tse tebileng tse bonts'itseng mekhoa e mengata eo ho eona ho pepesehelang lithethefatsi tsa tlhekefetso ho fetolang ts'ebetso ea neuronal le ho eketsa ts'usumetso ea ho fumana le ho sebelisa lintho tsena. Joale re bapisa kutloisiso ea rona ea hajoale ea liphetoho tse tlisoang ke lithethefatsi literekeng tsa moputso oa neuronal le se tsebahalang ka litlamorao tsa tšebeliso e sa feleng ea lijo tse matlafatsang tse kang lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata le tsoekere e phahameng. Ka mor'a moo, re buisana ka taolo e tloaelehileng ea homeostatic ea ho ja lijo, e leng tšobotsi e ikhethang ea bokhoba ba lijo. Kamora nako, re buisana ka litlamorao tsa kliniki tsa liphetoho tsena tsa li-neuronal maemong a ho nona haholo le li-syndromes tsa neuropsychiatric tse kang bulimia amanosa le Prader-Willi syndrome.
SELELEKELA
Ka har'a lefapha la bongaka, poleloana ena e sebelisoa ho lithethefatsi tsa tlhekefetso tse joalo ka joala le koae. Le ha mohopolo oa ts'oaetso ea lijo o amohetse tlhokomelo e kholo ho tsoa ho mecha ea phatlalatso e tsebahalang lilemong tsa morao tjena, ha ho hlile ha ho na phuputso ea ho lemalla lijo ho saense ea bongaka. Ho fapana le ho lemalla lithethefatsi tsa tlhekefetso, ha ho tsejoe hakaalo ka litlamorao tsa boits'oaro le neurobiological tsa ho pepesehela lijo tse matlafatsang haholo. Ha ho fanoa ka tlhoko ea lijo bophelo bohle, ngangisano e kholo e lebisitse ho hlalosang polelo ea ho lemalla lijo. Molemong oa puisano ena, re sebelisa litlhaloso tsa lijo tse bobebe empa tse sebetsang e le "tahlehelo ea taolo ea lijo." [Bakeng sa puisano e felletseng ea moelelo oa bokhoba ba lijo, 'mali o lebisoa tlhahlobisong e ntle haholo ke Roger and Smit (1)] Ho sebelisa lithethefatsi tsa tlhekefetso joalo ka mohlala, re bapisa taolo ea methapo ea lijo mabapi le tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi le ho buisana monyetla oa hore lijo li nkoe li le kotsi.
LITLHOHONOLOFATSO TSA HEDONIC TSA TLHAKISO EA HO SIRELETSA LE HO FINYELETSA Lijo
Bopaki bo bongata litenteng le batho joale bo tšehetsa khopolo ea hore lithethefatsi ka bobeli tsa tlhekefetso le tšebeliso ea lijo tse matlafatsang haholo li kopana tseleng e arolelanoang kahare ho ts'ebetso ea methapo ea methapo ho buisana le boits'oaro bo susumetsang (2,3). Boholo ba mosebetsi ona bo shebile tseleng ea mesolimbic dopamine hobane lithethefatsi tsohle tse tloaelehileng tsa tlhekefetso li eketsa matšoao a dopamine ho tloha litsing tsa methapo tse tsoang sebakeng sa methapo ea methapo ea methapo (VTA) 5 ho li-neurons ka har'a li-neurus tse (le tsona li bitsoang ventral striatum) (sa feiga. 1 ). Ho eketsa phetisetso ea dopaminergic ho nahanoa hore e ka etsahala ka ketso e tobileng ho dopaminergic neurons (li-stimulants, nicotine) kapa ka tsela e sa tobang ka thibelo ea li-interneurons tsa GABAergic ho VTA (joala, opiates) (2,3). Hape ho amehang ho kenelletseng ts'ebetsong e khothalletsoang ke lithethefatsi ea VTA dopamine neurons ke peptide neurotransmitter orexin, e hlahisoang ke palo ea methapo ea methapo ea methapo ea kutlo e pharalletseng ka boholo ba boko ho kenyeletsoa VTA (4-6).
Tšoantšiso 1
Seme ea boemeli ba li-circuits tsa neural tse laolang ho fepa. Dopaminergic neurons tse qalang morerong oa VTA ho li-neuron ka har'a li-nucleus tse bokellanang tsa ventral striatum. Hypothalamus ea morao e fumana tlhahiso ho tsoa ho likhakanyo tsa GABAergic tse tsoang bokong ba li-nucleus le li-neuron tsa melanocortinergic tse tsoang Arc ea hypothalamus. Ho feta moo, li-receptor tsa melanocortin li boetse li fumanoa ho li-neuron ho VTA le nucleus accumben
Meputso ea tlhaho, joalo ka lijo, e tsosa likarabo tse ts'oanang tseleng ea mesolimbic dopamine. Tlhahiso ea lijo tse monate haholo e baka ho lokolloa ho matla ha dopamine ka har'a li-nucleus accumbens (3). Ho lumeloa hore tokollo ena ea dopamine e hokahanya likarolo tse ngata tsa boiteko ba phoofolo ba ho fumana meputso ea lijo, ho kenyelletsa le keketseho e matla ea ts'ebetso, ts'ebetso ea kelello le thuto e nang le maemo (ho hopola tšusumetso e amanang le lijo). Mochini oo lijo li hlohlelletsang ho tšoaea dopamine ha o hlake; leha ho le joalo, ho bonahala eka ha ho hlokahale li-receptor tsa tatso, kaha litoeba tse haelloang ke li-receptor tse monate li ntse li khona ho hlahisa khetho e matla bakeng sa tharollo ea sucrose (7). Monyetla o mong ke hore li-orexin neurons li ka kengoa ts'ebetsong nakong ea phepo, ka lebaka la tokollo ea orexin e susumetsang ka kotloloho VTA dopamine neurons (8).
Bohlokoa ba tsela ea mesolimbic dopamine ho bokuli ba batho bo sa tsoa tiisoa. Stoeckel et al. e tlaleha hore ho basali ba boima ba tloaelehileng, litšoantšo tsa lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata li ile tsa etsa hore ho be le keketseho e kholo mosebetsing oa dorsal caudate, e leng sebaka sa dorsal striatum. Ho fapana le hoo, basali ba batenya ba bontšitsoeng ba nang le litšoantšo tsa lijo tse matla haholo ba bonts'itse ts'ebetso e matla libakeng tse 'maloa tse kenyelletsang litho ho kenyeletsa le li-cortices tsa orbitof Pambal le pelepele, amygdala, dorsal le ventral striatum, insula, anterior cingulate cortex, le hippocampus (9). Phapang ena ts'ebetsong e bonts'a hore batho ba batenya haholo ba ka be ba fetotse tlhahlobo ea moputso oa lijo, e leng se felletseng ka tšusumetso e kholo ea ho ja lijo tse matla haholo.
Joalokaha ho ka lebelloa, ts'ebetso ea nako e telele ea "limbic system" ke lithethefatsi tsa tlhekefetso e lebisa ho liphetoho tsa cellular le tsa lisele tse sebetsang e le karolo ea ho boloka homeostasis ho dopamine signaling (2). Ka har'a dopaminergic neurons ea VTA, ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi tse sa foleng li amahanngoa le secretion ea basal dopamine e fokotsehileng, boholo ba neuronal le ts'ebetso e eketsehileng ea tyrosine hydroxylase (tekanyetso ea liseleng ea dopamine biosynthesis) le protocol factor cyclic AMP reaction element binding (CREB) (2,10). Ka har'a li-neurons tse lebisitsoeng ho striatum, ts'ebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi e sa foleng e eketsa maemo a CREB hammoho le a mang a ho ngola, deltaFosB, tseo ka bobeli li fetolang karabelo ea neuronal ho dopamine signaling (2). Liphetoho tsena ho nahanoa hore li bohlokoa bakeng sa tšusumetso e fetelletseng ea ho fumana lithethefatsi tsa tlhekefetso tse bonoang ho bakuli ba lemaletseng joala. Mohlala, maemo a ntseng a eketseha a deltaFosB ho striatum a eketsa tlhalohanyo ho litlamorao tse thabisang tsa lithethefatsi tsa tlhekefetso tse kang cocaine le morphine mme li eketsa ts'usumetso ea ho li fumana (2).
Liphetoho tse tšoanang tsa seleng le tsa limolek'hule li 'nile tsa hlalosoa lichabeng tse senotsoeng ke lijo tse matlafatsang haholo. Linta li senotsoe lijong tsa mafura a mangata a 4 wk ebe li tsoa ka tšohanyetso lijong tse bobebe tsa semipurified li bontsitse litekanyetso tsa CREB tse sebetsang ho striatum ho fihlela 1 wk kamora swichi (11). Liphumano tsena li lumellana le mosebetsi oa Barrot et al. (12) ea tlalehileng hore ho fokotsa ts'ebetso ea CREB ho ventral striatum ho eketsa khetho bakeng sa tharollo ea sucrose (moputso oa tlhaho) le morphine, lithethefatsi tse tsebahalang tsa tlhekefetso. Ntle le moo, litoeba tse senotsoeng ke 4 wk ea lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata li bontšitse boemo bo phahameng ba boemo ba deltaFosB ho li-nucleus accumbens (11), tse tšoanang le liphetoho tse bonts'itsoeng kamora ho pepesetsoa lithethefatsi tsa tlhekefetso (2). Ntle le moo, polelo e eketsehang ea deltaFosB sebakeng sena sa boko e ntlafatsa ts'ebetso e matlafatsoang ea ts'ebetso ea lijo, e bonts'a karolo e hlakileng ea deltaFosB ho eketseha ha khothalletso ea ho fumana meputso ea lijo (13). Ha li kopantsoe hammoho, liphuputso tsena li bonts'a hore libaka tse matla li ba le li-neuroadaptations tse tšoanang kamora ho pepesehela meputso ea lijo le lithethefatsi le hore liphetoho tsena li fetola tšusumetso ea ho fumana meputso ka bobeli.
LITLHOHONOLOFATSO TSA BOPHELO TSA HO ETSA LINTHO TSE LING
Ho fapana le likarolo tsa hedonic tsa ho fepa, tse shebaneng le moputso o amanang le phepelo ea lijo, taolo ea homeostatic ea ho fepa e ameha haholo ka taolo ea matla. Boholo ba mosebetsi ona bo shebane le ho potoloha li-hormone tse fetisang tlhahisoleseling mabapi le maemo a matla a pherekano bokong.
Mefuta e 'meli ea bohlokoahali ea peripheral ke leptin le ghrelin. Leptin e entsoe ka lithane tse tšoeu tsa adipose, 'me boemo ba eona bo eketseha ka tekanyo ea boima ba mafura. Har'a liketso tsa eona tse ngata, litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa leptin li hatella takatso ea lijo mme li hlohlelletsa lits'ebetso tsa metabolic ho hlakola mabenkele a mangata a matla (14). Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ghrelin ke peptide e nkiloeng ka mpeng eo boemo ba eona bo eketsehang ho arabela tekatekano e mpe ea matla le ho tsosa takatso ea lijo le polokelo ea matla (14).
Le ha li-receptors tsa leptin le ghrelin li hlalosoa ka bophara ho pholletsa le 'mele le tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng, "arcuate nucleus" (Arc) ea hypothalamus ke sebaka sa bohlokoa, se fuoang karolo ea sona e tsebahalang ho laola phepelo le metabolism (15). Ka har'a Arc, li-receptor tsa leptin li hlahisoa ho li-subset tse ikhethang tsa li-neurons (sa feiga. 2). Ea pele e hlahisa "peptide neurotransmitter pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) le" cocaine-amphetamine-regtures transcript "(CART). Leptin receptor signaling e matlafatsa ts'ebetso ea li-neurons tsa POMC / CART mme e hatella ho fepa ha e ntse e eketsa tekanyo ea metabolic. Ntlha ea bobeli, ts'ebetso ea "receptor" ea leptin e thibela sete ea bobeli ea li-neuron, tse hlahisang neuropeptide Y (NPY) le peptide e amanang le agouti (AgRP); Li-neuron tsena ka tloaelo li eketsa takatso ea lijo. Ka hona, li-neuron tsa POMC / CART le li-neuron tsa NPY / AgRP li hlahisa litlamorao tse fapaneng taolong ea lijo le tšebeliso ea matla. Ka mokhoa ona, leptin ke sethala se matla sa ho fepa ka ho tsosa li-anorexigenic POMC / CART neurons ha ka nako e tšoanang li thibela ts'ebetso ea proappetite NPY / AgRP neurons (1). Ka lehlakoreng le leng, li-receptor tsa ghrelin li hlahisoa haholo ka li-neuron tsa NPY / AgRP ka har'a Arc; ts'ebetso ea ts'oaetso ea ghrelin e tsosa li-neurons tsena mme e khothalletsa boitšoaro ba ho fepa (15).
Bopaki bo hlahang hona joale bo ts'ehetsa mohopolo oa hore lihormone tse tsejoang ho laola phepelo, joalo ka leptin le ghrelin, le tsona li hlahisa litholoana tsa ts'usumetso ea ho fumana lijo ka taelo ea mesolimbic dopamine signaling. Leptin e ka fokotsa secretion ea basal ea dopamine hammoho le tokollo ea dopamine e matlafalitsoeng kahare ho "ventral striatum" ea likhoto (16). Ho feta moo, ts'ebetso ea leptin receptor e thibela ho thunngoa ha VTA dopamine neurons (17), athe nako e telele ea ho thibeloa ha leptin ho VTA e eketsa ts'ebetso ea locomotor le tšebeliso ea lijo (18). Lithuto tse ts'oants'o ho bakuli ba batho li tiisa ho kenya letsoho ha mesolimbic dopamine signation ketsong ea leptin. Farooqi et al. (19) e tlaleha liphetho tse sebetsang tsa bakuli ba batho ba 2 ba nang le bofokoli ba tlhaho ea leptin. Bobeli ba bona ba bontšitse ts'ebetso e ntlafalitsoeng ea libaka tse haufi ka mor'a ho bona litšoantšo tsa lijo. Habohlokoa, ts'ebetso ena e ntlafalitsoeng ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso e ka ntlafatsoa ka 7 d ea kalafo ea leptin. Haufinyane tjena, ghrelin e bontšitsoe hore e laea mesolimbic dopamine signaling. Bafuputsi ba 'maloa ba tlaleha hore li-ghrelin receptor li hlahisoa ke li-neurons tsa VTA le hore tsamaiso ea ghrelin e susumetsa tokollo ea dopamine ho striatum (20-22). Ho feta moo, Malik et al. (23) e netefalitse karolo ea ghrelin ho bakuli ba batho. Lithuto tse phetseng hantle tse amohelang infusions ea ghrelin li bonts'itse ts'ebetso e eketsehang libakeng tse 'maloa tse nang le maoto ho kenyeletsa amygdala, orbitof Pambal cortex, insula ea ka ntle, le striatum.
TLHOKOMELISO EA HO STRES ON FEED
Ho thatafatsang setšoantšo le ho feta ke phello ea khatello ea kelello kelellong ka ho fepa le homeostasis ea boima ba 'mele. Ha ho fetohe feela takatso ea takatso ea lijo ea 1 ea lintlha tsa mantlha tsa tlhahlobo ea Major Depression Disorder (24), empa ho na le "∼25% rate rate" pakeng tsa khatello ea maikutlo le botenya (25). Ka hona, ho na le monyetla oa hore khatello ea maikutlo e ka susumetsa ho fepa le boima ba 'mele bo ikemetseng ka lebaka la lijo kapa matla a motho. Haufinyane, re bonts'a karolo ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ghrelin le orexin ho liphetoho tsa takatso ea lijo tse hlahisoang ke khatello ea maikutlo e sa foleng (26). Lithaka li tlas'a khatello ea maikutlo ea khatello ea sechaba li ile tsa arabela ka ho phahama ho hoholo hoa maemo a moea a sebetsang a amanang le keketseho ea lijo le boima ba 'mele. Matla ana a ho fepa le ho theola boima ba 'mele a ile a lahleha ha litoeba tse haelloang ke ghrelin receptor li ba le khatello e matla ea sechaba.
Habohlokoa le ha khatello ea taolo ea lijo le boima ba 'mele li ne li koaletsoe litoeba tse haelloang ke moea, liphoofolo li bontšitse matšoao a sithabetsang. Liphumano tsena li bonts'a hore maemo a phahameng a tlisoang ke khatello ea maikutlo ka ghrelin ha a fetole lijo feela empa a ka thusa ho phumelletsa phello ea khatello ea maikutlo le ts'usumetso. Ketso tsena tse fapaneng tsa ghrelin li bonahala li arolelanoa ka karolo e itseng ka ts'ebetso ea li-neuron tsa orexin ho latela lateral hypothalamus (27). Lihlopha tse ling li bonts'itse liphetoho lits'ebetsong tsa phepelo kamora khatello ea maikutlo le bona. Lu o tlalehile hore litoeba tse tlas'a khatello ea maikutlo e sa foleng li fokotsehile haholo ka li-leptin (28) tse potileng. Teegarden le Bale ba bonts'itse, ka mola oa panya o kotsing ea ho tšoaroa ke khatello ea maikutlo, khatello ea maikutlo e sa foleng e eketsa khetho ea lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata (29). Lithuto tsena li totobatsa taba ea hore mathata a ho feto-fetoha ha maikutlo a maikutlo a ka ba teng a susumetsang likarolo tse peli tsa hedonic le homeostatic tsa tšebeliso ea lijo, a etsa tlhaloso e hlakileng ea tšebeliso ea lijo e le thata (e akaretsoa ho Tafole 1).
TABLE 1
Lintlha tsa Neuronal tse laolang ho ja lijo
Factor Pathways regulated Site of action Action on feeding Phello ea khatello ea maikutlo
Leptin Ka bobeli Arcuate, VTA e thibela ho fokotseha
Ghrelin Ka bobeli Arcuate, VTA E Stimulates Keketseho
CREB Hedonic N. Accumbens, VTA E thibela Keketseho
deltaFosB Hedonic N. Accumbens E Stimulates Keketseho
α-MSH1
Homeostatic PVN1
E thibela ?
AgRP Homeostatic PVN Stimulates ?
NPY Homeostatic Multiple sites Stimulates ?
Orexin Hedonic VTA E Stimulates Ho Fokotsa
1cy-MSH, α-melanocyte e matlafatsang li-hormone; PVN, nucleus ea patricricular.
LITLHAKISO TSA BOTE
Poleloana ea ho lemalla lijo e sebelisoa haholo ha ho natefeloa ke bongoli ba litaba. Ho kenyelletsa mathata a boitšoaro a 3, bulimia mothosa, bothata ba ho ja, le Prader-Willi syndrome, li kenyelletsa ho ja lijo tse qobelloang e le karolo ea lingaka tsa mafu. Mosebetsi oa morao-rao o hlahisitse monyetla oa hore ho emisa mesolimbic dopamine ho kenya letsoho ho amehang litsing tsena.
Le ha ho ba boima ba 'mele ka ho hlakileng ho thusa ho nts'etsapele mafu a mangata a kenyeletsang lefu la tsoekere le metabolic, ka boyena ha e nkuoe e le lefu. Ho ntse ho le joalo, ho bohlokoa ho nahana ka phello ea ho pepesehela lijo tse matlafatsang haholo tsamaisong ea moputso kholisong ea botona. Bopaki ba pelehi bo tsoang lipatlisisong tse sebetsang tsa tšebetso e fana ka maikutlo a hore ts'ebetso ea limbic e ka ba e sa tsotelleng moputsong oa lijo ho basali ba batenya, joalo ka ha ho boletsoe pejana (9). Ho hlokahala lipatlisiso tsa nako e tlang ho fumana phapang pakeng tsa boima ba 'mele le batho ba batenya haholo, ho kenyelletsa le karolo ea ho ikoetlisa ka matsoho le matsoho ho iphetetseng ka boima ba' mele bo bonoang ho batho ba bangata kamora ho fokotsa boima ba 'mele. Mekhoa e mengata ea kliniki e teng bakeng sa ho fihlela boima ba 'mele, ho kenyelletsa ho ja le ho ikoetlisa, ho ikoetlisa ka bariatric, le meriana e kang rimonabant, mohanyetsi oa "cannabinoid receptor antagonist". Ts'oaetso ena ea kalafo e fana ka lithuto tse nepahetseng bakeng sa mekhoa e sebetsang ea neuroimaging ea ho khetholla mekhoa ea ho fokotsa boima ba 'mele le monyetla oa ho eketsa boima ba' mele.
Mehlala ea pele-pele e boetse e fana ka maikutlo a bohlokoa ba ho fetoha le maemo ha neuronal ho holiseng botenya. Lintho tse hatisitsoeng CREB le deltaFosB, tse boletsoeng ka holimo, li khahla haholo ka lebaka la karolo ea bona e tiisitsoeng litabeng tsa bokhoba ba lithethefatsi. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le khaello e hlakileng ea lithuto tsa batho ba morao-rao lithutong tsa batenya. Lithane tsa postmortem ea motho li hloka ho hlahlojoa bakeng sa li-adapta tse 'maloa tsa neuronal tse ka sebelisang, kapa ho ts'oaroa ke botenya, ho kenyelletsa le boholo ba li-neuron tsa dopaminergic ho VTA le maemo a polelo a CREB le deltaFosB ho ventral striatum. Ntle le moo, ho bonts'oa liteko tse ling tsa liteko tsa mofuta oa litoeba. Lintlha tsa morao-rao li tšehetsa karolo ea CREB le deltaFosB mabapi le moputso oa lijo empa ha li so ka li bonts'a tlhokahalo ea lintlha tsena tse hatisitsoeng ho nts'etsopele ea mofuta oa lijo kapa mefuta e meng ea botena ba botona. Lisebelisoa tsa liteko, ho kenyelletsa le mela ea panya ea transgenic le phetiso ea vaerase e tsamaeang le vaerase li se li fumaneha ho phehella letoto lena la lipatlisiso.
Le hanyenyane ha ho tsejoe ka pathophysiology ea lijo tse qobelloang tse bonoang ho bulimia nervosa, ho itlopa lijo tse jang le lefu la Prader-Willi. Le ha boiphihlelo ba tleliniki bo bonts'a tšusumetso e ntlafalitsoeng haholo ea ho fumana lijo ho batho ba nang le mafu ana, ho fana ka maikutlo a karolo e ka bang teng bakeng sa sistamine ea mesolimbic dopamine, bopaki bo fokolang bo teng ho ts'ehetsa maikutlo ana. Liphuputso tse peli tse nang le neuroimaging li bonts'itse ts'ebetso e sa tloaelehang ea anterior cingrate cortex ho bakuli ba nang le bulimia mothosa (30,31), athe phuputso e 'ngoe e bontšitse ho se sebetse ha hypothalamus le orbitofrontal cortex ho bakuli ba nang le Prader-Willi syndrome (32). Mokhoa oa ts'ebetso ea litho tse sa sebetseng hantle ha o tsejoe empa o ka kenyelletsa maemo a fetotsoeng a li-hormone tsa ho fepa ka kotloloho. Mohlala, maemo a ghrelin a phahame haholo ho Prader-Willi syndrome (33) mme a ka ikarabella bakeng sa keketseho ea tšusumetso ea ho fumana lijo tse bonoang ho bakuli bana. Leha ho le joalo, liphuputso tse mabapi le karolo ea lihormone tse potolohang tse kang ghrelin ho etiology ea mathata a ho ja joalo ka bulimia mothosa le bothata ba ho ja li hlahisitse litholoana tse tsoakaneng (34), li hatella hore pathophysiology ea mathata ana e ka kenyelletsa ts'ebelisano e rarahaneng har'a lintlha tse ngata tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso, tikoloho le kelello.
Ho theha tlhahlobo e ncha ea ts'oaetso ea lijo ho hloka tlhahlobo e hlokolosi eseng feela ea leseli le amanang le saense empa hape le maikutlo a sechaba, a molao, a lefu lena, le a moruo ao ho seng karolo ea tlhahlobo ena. Leha ho le joalo, ho hlakile hore tšebeliso e sa feleng ea lijo tse matlafatsoang haholo e ka fetola tšebetso ea boko ka litsela tse ts'oanang le lithethefatsi tsa tlhekefetso, haholoholo tseleng ea moputso oa mesolimbic dopamine. Ho lekola litlamorao tsa nako e telele tsa lijo tse nang le tsoekere e ngata le mafura tsamaisong ea methapo le boits'oaro bo khothalletsoang ho ka hlahisa temohisiso e ncha ea sesosa le kalafo ea lijo tse qobelloang.
Lingoloa tse ling tlatselisong ena li kenyelletsa litšupiso (35-37).
Notes
1 e phatlalalitsoe e le tlatsetso ho The Journal of Nutrition. E hlahisoa e le karolo ea neheletsano e reng, "Bokhoba ba Lijo: 'Nete Kapa Tšōmo?" E fanoeng sebokeng sa 2008 Experimental Biology, la April 8, 2008 ho San Diego, CA. Seboka sena se ne se tšehelitsoe ke Mokhatlo oa Amerika bakeng la Nutrition, mme se tšehelitsoe ke thuto ea thuto e tsoang ho The National Institute on Drug Abuse, The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, le The National Dairy Council. Neheletsano e ile ea tsamaisoa ke Rebecca L. Corwin le Patricia S. Grigson.
2S e tšehelitsoe ke lithuso tse latelang: 1PL1DK081182-01, P01 MH66172, R01 MH51399, P50 MH066172-06, NARSAD Young Inarcherator Award, Thupelo ea Setsebi sa Doctor.
Liphatlalatso tsa 3Author: M. Lutter le E. Nestler, ha ho likhohlano tsa phaello.
Sesebelisoa sa 5Se sebelisitsoeng: AgRP, peptide e amanang le agouti; Arc, motsoako oa arcuate; CART, sengoloa se laoloang ke koae-amphetamine; CREB, cyclic Karolo ea karabelo ea cyclic e tlamang; NPY, neuropeptide Y; POMC, pro-opiomelanocortin; VTA, sebaka se khubung ea moea.
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