Likokoanyana li fepa lijo tse phahameng tsa matla, tatso, ho e-na le mafura, ke ntho e ka sehloohong e ntseng e eketseha ho ja lijo: papiso ea lijo tsa lijo le lijo tse tloaelehileng tse tlatsitsoeng lipilisi (2017)

PeerJ. 2017; 5: e3697.

E hatisitsoe Inthaneteng 2017 Sep 13. doi: 10.7717 / peerj.3697

PMCID: PMC5600723

Laia Oliva,¹ Tània Aranda,¹ Giada Caviola,¹ Anna Fernández-Bernal,¹ Marià Alemany,^1,^2,³ José Antonio Fernández-López,^1,^2,³ 'me Sehopotso sa Xavier^1,^2,³

Sehloekisi sa Thutong: Jara Pérez-Jiménez

inahaneloang

Background

Khetho ea lijo le ho kenella ho batho le litoeba, hangata ke taba ea bohlokoa ho khethollang tšebeliso e matla ea matla le mathata a amanang le ona.

mekhoa

Likhopolo tse peli tse fapaneng tsa lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata li ile tsa lekoa bakeng sa litlamorao tsa tsona tsa pherekano ho likhoto; maemong ka bobeli, lipids li entsoe ka 40% ea matla a bona a matla. Phapang e ka sehloohong le li-control tse fepiloeng standard lab chow, e ne e le hantle hantle, litaba tsa lipid. Lijo tse nang le phepo ea Kafeteria (K) e ne e le lijo tse ikhethileng tse etselitsoeng ho lakatseha ho likhoto, haholo hobane li na le litatso tse fapaneng, haholo le letsoai hape le monate. Lijo tsena li ne li bapisoa le sejo se seng se nang le mafura a mangata (HF), a qhekelletseng hore a se ke a natefela joalo ka K, mme a lokisoa ka ho tlatselletsa mafura a tloaelehileng a chow. Re boetse ra hlahloba tšusumetso ea thobalano litlamorao tsa lijo.

Results

Likhoto tsa K li ile tsa hola ka potlako ka lebaka la tšebeliso e phahameng ea lipid, tsoekere le protheine, haholo-holo tse tona, ha tse tšehali li bontšitse boima bo tlase empa karolo e phahameng ea lipid ea 'mele. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, boima ba lihlopha tsa HF bo ne bo sa fapana le taolo. Tabatabelo ea motho ka mong ea phepo e ngoe le e ngoe e ile ea hlahlojoa, 'me ra fumana hore likhoto tsa K li kentse li-disk tse ngata le letsoai, ka phapang e fokolang ea karolo ea limatlafatsi tse ling lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsena tse tharo. Liphetho li bontša hore sesosa sa bohlokoa sa phepelo e matlafatsang phepelo e matla ea matla a phepo e ne e le boteng bo boholo ba lijo tse monate le tse letsoai tse tsoekere.

Nahanisisa

Ho ba teng ha tsoekere le letsoai ho bonahala e le tšusumetso e matla ea ho ja lijo tse ngata, ho sebetsa hantle ho feta keketseho e bonolo (e nyane) ea lijo tsa lipid. Litlamorao tsena li bile teng kamora kalafo e khutšoane. Litlamorao tse fapaneng tsa thobalano li lumellana le karabelo ea tsona e fapaneng ea hedonic le obesogenic lijong.

Keywords: Lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata, lijo tsa Cafeteria, Tatso, Lijo tse fumanehang ho Rat

Selelekela

Ho ja mafura ho tsamaellana le ho nona le ho eketsa boima ba mafura a mmele (Rothwell & Stock, ka 1984). Ts'ebeliso ea lino tse fapaneng tse nang le matla a mangata e sebelisitsoe haholo ho tseba maemo a ho nona haholo kapa botenya (Hariri le Thibault, 2010). Lijo tse nang le phepo ea Obesogenic li sebeliselitsoe ho etsa phetoho ea bohlokoa literekeng, haholo tse amanang le kholo ea lithane tsa adipose, ka lebaka leo, ho kenya letsoho ha tsona ho ruruhisang lik'habohaedreite le lipid metabolism (Peckham, Entenman le Carroll, 1977; Archer et al., 2007). Ho sebelisitsoe lijo tse nang le matla a mangata tse phahameng, tseo ho tsona ho nang le sehokelo sa lipid se phahameng, e leng se bonts'ang hore mafura a ja ke ntho ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho bokella mafura.Buettner, Schölmerich le Bollheimer, 2007). Leha ho le joalo, ho na le phapang e kholo mabapi le sebopeho sa lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata (HF) tse sebelisitsoeng mefuteng e fapaneng ea botenya, hobane karolo ea lipids le sebopeho sa tsona sa mafura li etsa hore lijo tsena li be ngata haholo.Oakes et al., 1997; Briaud et al., 2002), hole, ho fapana le lits'ebetso ho opa e tloaelehileng. Ntle le moo, lijo tse ngata tsa HF li na le fructose e phahameng kapa sucrose ho ntlafatsa litlamorao tsa bona. Hangata li nolofalitsoe (li eme hantle), li sebelisa mohloli o le mong oa mafura le / kapa protheine (Sato et al., 2010). Litlamorao tsa metabolic tsa lijo tsena lia fapana ho latela lintlha tse 'maloa, joalo ka lilemo tsa liphoofolo (Sclafani le Gorman, 1977), nako ea ho kenella (Schemmel, Mickelsen le Tolgay, 1969), boholo ba lijo le ho ja, haholoholo, thobalano (Agnelli et al., 2016).

Lijo tsa k'habeche ke mofuta oa lijo tsa lijo tse fumanehang moo bongata ba mefuta e fapakaneng ea lijo le lijo tse fapaneng tse fapaneng.Sclafani & Springer, 1976; Prats et al., 1989). Sena se baka tšebeliso e matla ea matla se fella ka ho eketsoa hoa mafura a mangata, leha karabelo ea homoeostatic ea ho ja lijo tse tlase le ho eketseha ha thermogenesis (Rothwell, Saville & Stock, ka 1982). Lijo tsa batho ba jang nama li 'nile tsa sebelisoa haholo ho natetsa likhoto, empa bangoli ba' maloa ba nahana hore phapang e hlahisoang ke ho ikhethela ka tatso e ka ba bothata bo boholo mohlaleng ona (Moore, 1987). Lijo tse nang le chefo ea k'habeche li sebetsa hantle haholo ho theha mofuta oa metabolic syndrome (Gomez-Smith et al., 2016), e ka bakang tšenyo ea oxidative ho li-tishu tsa adipose (Johnson et al., 2016), leha e boetse e theola matšoenyeho a likhoto (Pini et al., 2016) ho amohela karabelo ea bona khatello ea maikutlo (Zeeni et al., 2015) ka lebaka la "phello ea lijo tse khothatsang" (Ortolani et al., 2011). Ka lehlakoreng le leng, tlhahlobo ea lijo tse khethiloeng ke litoeba e boima, empa liphetho li fumanoe li nepahetse, 'me li ka re lumella ho lekanya phetoho ka nako ea tlhaiso nakong ea mekhahlelo e fapaneng ea ntlafatso (Prats et al., 1989; Lladó et al., 1995). Taba ke hore lijo tsa cafeteria li na le bothata bo fetang ba lijo tse tloaelehileng tse phahameng haholo; leha ho fapana le phapang e amanang le khetho, tšebeliso ea phepo e nepahetseng le e sa rateheng ea lipaloEsteve et al., 1992a) e hlola taolo ea matla a ho sebelisa matla. Liphetho ke boemo bo phahameng ba lipid, phetoho ea metabolic le ho ruruha (Rafecas et al., 1992; Romero et al., 2014).

Phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa lijo tsa k'habeche le "motsoako o tsitsitseng" Lijo tsa HF, leha li lekana ka matla a tsoang lipid, ke (hangata) likarolo tse peli tsa bohlokoa, letsoai le tsoekere tse ntlafatsang takatso ea lijo, ka lebaka leo eketsa matla a ho sebelisa matla a mangata (Tordoff & Reed, 1991; Breslin, Spector le Grill, 1995). Lijo tse 'maloa tsa HF le tsona li na le tsoekere, li sebetsa hantle haholo molemong oa ho hlahisa mafura (Sato et al., 2010).

Thutong ena, re sebelisitse mohlala oa mokhoa oa ho ja oa HF o lumellanang le sebopeho (ntle le mafura) ho "rat rat" e tloaelehileng. Re sebelisitse oli ea kokonate (e nang le mafura a mangata), e nang le matla a lekanang a obesogenic (Buettner et al., 2006; Hariri le Thibault, 2010) ha e sa tlatsoe ka sucrose. Likahare tsena li ile tsa khethoa hore li tsamaellane le karolo e tsebahalang ea "tloaelo" ea mafura a ikhethileng ka likhoto a sebelisa mohlala oa rona oa ho ja lijo tse bobebe tsa kofi (ca. 40%) (Esteve et al., 1992a; Rafecas et al., 1993). Karolo ea li-lipids tsa bohlokoa taolong ea phepo le phepo ea rona ea HF e ne e ts'oana (ke hore, PUFA), ho ba phapang haholo-holo C12-C16 (saturated and monounsaturated) fatty acids. Ho tšoana ho matla a tsoang lipids pakeng tsa lijo tsa HF vs. cafeteria, le ho tšoana ho ntho e ngoe le e ngoe ntle le lipid pakeng tsa taolo ea lijo le lijo tsa HF li re lumelletse ho theha papiso ho latela lintlha tse ka bapisoang, ntlha eo re tsebang hore, ha e so ka e lekoa pele.

Re lekile ho sekaseka tšusumetso ea lijo tse monate (le ts'ebetso ea li-circuits tsa khotsofalo) ho tekano ea matla a mmele le liphetoho tse tsejoang tsa metabolic tse hlahisoang ke lijo tsa hyperlipidic. Morero oa rona e ne e le ho bona hore na kalafo e haufinyane e lekane ho bonts'a karabelo ea hedonic lijong mabapi le lijo tse matlafatsang (le matla) ts'ebeliso ea lipid, ho latela ts'usumetso ea thobalano.

Lisebelisoa le Mekhoa

Lijo

Lijo tse tloaelehileng (C) (Teklad 2014, lijo tsa Teklad, Madison WI, USA) li ne li na le 20% ea matla a matla a tšiloang a tsoang liprotheine, 13% e tsoang lipids, le 67% ho tsoa ho lik'habohaedreite (ho kenyeletsoa 0.10% oligosaccharides). Ha e le hantle lijo tsena li na le lijo tse tsoang ho semela.

Lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata (HF) li ne li lokisitsoe ke ho tlatsoa ha oli ea coconut (Escuder, Rubí, Spain) ho chow chow e tloaelehileng e fatše. Motsoako, o nang le likarolo tse 33 (ka boima ba 'mele) tsa chow e tloaelehileng, 4 ea oli ea coconut, le likarolo tse 16 tsa metsi, o ile oa kengoa ka botlalo, ho etsa molamu o mosesaane o neng o ntšoa ka har'a lisebelisoa tsa ho itšeha ho etsa li-pellets tsa 1 × 6 cm tse omisitsoeng ka 40 ° C bakeng sa 24 h. Lijo tsena li ne li na le 14.5% ea matla a silang a tsoang liprotheine, 37.0% ho tsoa lipids, le 48.5% ho tsoa lik'habohaedreite. Liteko tsa ho nyenyefatsa lijo tsena li fane ka liphetho tse mpe, ke hore, ha li fapane le taolo ea lijo.

Lijo tse nolofalitsoeng tsa ho jella (K) li thehiloe ka nyehelo e fetelletseng ea li-chow pellets tse tloaelehileng, li-cookie tse hlakileng tse hasitsoeng ka pate ea sebete, bacon, metsi le lebese, e ileng ea tlatsetsoa ka 300 g / L sucrose le 30 g / L ea diminerale le vithamine tlatsetso (Meritene, Nestlé, Esplugues, Spain) (Esteve et al., 1992a; Rafecas et al., 1993). Lisebelisoa tsohle li bolokiloe li le ncha (ke hore, li nchafatsoa letsatsi le letsatsi) Ho tsoa tlhahlobisong (e posteriori) ea lintho tse kenyellelitsoeng le sebopeho sa lijo, re lekantse hore 41% ea matla a enneng e nkiloe lipids, 12% ho tsoa liprotheine, le 47% ea matla e ne e tsoa lipapaling tsa carbohydrate (23% oligosaccharides le li-starches tsa 24%, ka ho tšoana lipakeng tsa bong (p > 0.05).

Lethathamo 1 e hlahisa mofuta oa lijo tse sebelisoang. Bakeng sa likhoto tsa K re sebelisitse data ea sebele ea tšebeliso ea lijo. Ka bobeli, matla a fotsitsoeng le a silang lijo ka g a ne a le holimo lijong tsa HF, kaha e na le matla a mangata ka g ho feta lijo tsa C le K. Lijo tsa cafeteria li ne li e-na le boleng bo tlase bo sa boleng bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa ka lebaka la thepa ea eona e fokolang ea fiber, leha matla a eona a tšiloang a ne a tšoana le a law chow. Likahare tsa lijo li ne li hlile li tšoana bakeng sa lijo tsa K le HF, ke hore, 3 e ne e phahame ho feta ea lijo tsa C.

Sebopeho sa lijo.

Liphoofolo le seta ea liteko

Ts'ebetso tsohle tsa ho sebetsana le liphoofolo le ho hlophisa liteko li ile tsa etsoa ho latela tataiso ea tsamaiso ea liphoofolo ea Bolaoli ba Europe, Spain le Catalan. Komiti ea Teko ea Liphoofolo ea Univesithi ea Barcelona e lumelletse lits'ebetso tse ikhethang tse sebelisitsoeng (# DAAM 6911).

Ho sebelisitsoe likhoto tsa Wistar tse nang le libeke tse leshome (Janvier, Le-Genest-Saint-Isle, France) (N = 39). Liphoofolo li ne li arotsoe ka lihlopha tse tharo (n = 6-8 bakeng sa bong ka bong) 'me ba fepuoa ad libitum matsatsi a 30, ekaba rat chow e tloaelehileng, rat chow e ntlafalitsoeng ka oli (HF) kapa lijo tse nolofalitsoeng tsa ho jella (K). Liphoofolo tsohle li ne li fumana metsi mahala. Ba ne ba lula (ka bobeli ba batho ba bong bo tšoanang) ka lihokelong tse tiileng tse tlase ka mapolanka e le lintho tsa ho robala 'me li bolokiloe tikolohong e laoloang (mabone ho tloha ka 08:00 ho isa 20:00, mocheso 21.5-22.5 ° C, le 50– Mongobo oa 60%). Boima ba 'mele le ts'ebeliso ea lijo li tlalehiloe letsatsi le letsatsi. Ho baloa lijo tse kenngoang lijong tsa ho jela likhoto li fuoe joalo ka ha ho hlalositsoe pejana ka ho lekanya phapang ea lijo tse fanoang le maloanlahla a setseng (Prats et al., 1989), ho lokisa ho felloa ke metsi 'meleng.

Ka letsatsi la 30, qalong ea potoloho e bobebe, likhoto li ile tsa thethesoa ka isoflurane ebe li bolaoa ke exsanguination ka aorta e pepesitsoeng e sebelisa sering e ommeng. Plasma e fumanoe ka centrifugation mme ea bolokoa ho -20 ° C ho fihlela e sebetsoa. Setopo (le mali a setseng le maloanlahla) li ne li tiisitsoe ka mekotleng ea polyethylene, eo hamorao e ileng ea patoa ho 120 ° C bakeng sa 2 h (Esteve et al., 1992b); litaba tsa mokotla li ne li boima 'me li ntšoa ka paseka e boreleli e nang le blender (ka hona, ho ne ho fumaneha kakaretso ea likhoto).

Lits'ebetso tsa tlhahlobo

Lisebelisoa tsa phepelo ea lijo li sebelisitsoe bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea naetrojene, lipid le matla. Litaba tsa Nitrogen li ile tsa lekanngoa ka mokhoa oa semi-automatic Kjeldahl o sebelisa sisteme ea ProNitro S (JP Selecta, Abrera, Spain), athe litaba tsa lipid li ne li lekantsoe ka mokhoa oa ho hula solvent (trichloromethane / methanol 2: 1 v / v) (Folch, Lees & Sloane-Stanley, 1957). Ts'ebetso tsena li ile tsa sebelisoa hape bakeng sa sepheo sa qeto ea setopo sa lipid le liprotheine. Likahare tsa matla a likarolo tsa lijo le litopo tsa rat li ne li reriloe ho sebelisa calorimeter ea bomo (C7000, Ika, Staufen, Jeremane).

Glucose ka lero la mali e lekantsoe tlasa maemo a laoloang (15 min, 30 ° C) ka khase ea glucose oxidase # 11504 (Biosystems, Barcelona, Spain) e tlatsitsoe ka mutarotase (490 nkat / mL ea reagent) (Calzyme, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA). Mutarotase e ekelitsoe ho potlakisa ho lekana ha epimerization ea α- le β-D-glucose mme ka hona e nolofatse ho kenella ha β-D-glucose ka glucose oxidase (Miwa et al., 1972; Oliva et al., 2015). Meetso e meng ea plasma e ne e lekantsoe ka lisebelisoa tsa khoebo; ka hona urea e ne e lekantsoe ka kit #11537, cholesterol e felletseng ka kit #11505, moeinine e nang le kit #11802 le triacylglycerols ka kit #11528 (kaofela ho tloha BioSystems, Barcelona, Spain). Lactate e ne e lekantsoe ka kit #1001330 (Spinreact, Sant Esteve d'en Bas, Spain) le mafura a sa hlahisoang a mafura ka kit NEFA-HR (Wako, Neuss, Jeremane); 3-hydroxybutyrate le acetoacetate li ne li hakantsoe ka setopo sa ketone (Biosentec, Toulouse, France) e thehiloeng ho 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. Protheine ea plasma ka kakaretso e lekantsoe ho sebelisoa Folin-phenol reagent (Lowry et al., 1951).

Lipalo le mekhoa ea lipalo

Ts'ebeliso ea matla e ile ea baloa ho tloha ts'ebeliso ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea lijo e fetotsoeng ka ho lekana le matla oa lijo tse fapaneng le likarolo tse lekantsoeng le calorimeter ea bomo. Ts'ebeliso ea matla e ile ea baloa joalo ka ha ho hlalositsoe pele (Rothwell, Saville & Stock, ka 1982) phapang pakeng tsa matla a kenelletseng le keketseho ea matla a 'mele a liphoofolo. Keketseho ea litaba tsa eneji e hakanyetsoa ho sebelisa lintlha tsa hau tsa boithuto ho tsoa lithutong tsa rona tse fetileng ho sebelisoa likhoto tsa setoko se le seng, lilemo le thobalano (Romero et al., 2013; Romero et al., 2014). Ho ja sodium (letsoai) ho ne ho baloa ho tsoa linthong tsa lijo le linthong tsa sodium tsa likarolo tse fapaneng tsa lijo tse sebelisitsoeng (Fernández-López et al., 1994).

Papiso ea lipalopalo e entsoe ka tlhahlobo ea ANOVA ea mekhoa e 'meli (lijo le nako ea liphetoho tsa boima ba mmele, le thobalano le lijo tsa data e ngoe) le post hoc Teko ea Bonferroni, e sebelisa lenaneo la Prism 5.0 (GraphPad Software Inc, La Jolla CA, USA). Phapang e ne e nkuoa e le ea bohlokoa ha p boleng e ne e le <0.05.

Results

Setšoantšo sa 1 e hlahisa liphetoho molemong oa boima ba mmele oa rat kamora khoeli e le 'ngoe ea ho pepesetsoa lijo. Ba batona ba fepa lijong tsa kofi ba bontšitse phaello e kholo ea (35%) ka kalafo ea khoeli ea 1; Lihlopheng tsa C le HF li bonts'itse phaello e ts'oanang, empa e le tlase, le boima ba mmele (18% le 22% ka tatellano). Sehlopha sa basali sa K se bonts'itse mokhoa o tšoanang le oa banna (keketseho ea 36%), empa liphapang pakeng tsa K le C (16%) kapa HF (15%) li ne li tšoailoe ho feta ho banna. Ho ne ho se na phapang lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsa C le HF. Leha ho le joalo, boima ba banna ba K le C bo ne bo fapane le 25 ea letsatsi ho ea pele. Ho basali, sehlopha sa K se ne se fapane le HF ho tloha ka letsatsi 12 ho ea pele, le sehlopha se laolang ho tloha ka letsatsi 19 ho ea pele. Lihlopheng tse fepeloang ke cafeteria li bontšitse tse holimo Ka vivo boima ba 'mele eketseha (ba batona: 126 ± 3 g,; tšehali: 74 ± 7 g) ho feta C (ba batona: 79 ± 8 g,; tšehali: 40 ± 4 g) le HF (ba batona: 83 ± 6 g,; tšehali: 28 ± 2 g, ) lihlopha (Tse peli tsa tsela ANOVA: Thobalano =p <0.0001; Lijo =p <0.0001).

Setšoantšo sa 1

Setšoantšo sa 1

Liphetoho tsa boima ba 'mele ka 30-matsatsi a kalafo ea lijo.

Lethathamo 2 e bonts'a bongata ba li-metabolites tsa plasma. Rats ea HF ea basali e ne e na le glycaemia e tlase ho feta ha E bapisoa le taolo, HF e phahamisitse maemo a phahameng haholo a lactate ho ba batona le ba batšehali. Lijo tsena tsa HF le tsona li theotse maemo a cholesterol vs. e laola ho sa tsotelloe thobalano, empa ke banna feela ba bonts'itseng li-triacylglycerols tse ts'oanang le tse fumanoeng ho K. Ha ho bapisoa le li-control, banna ba K (empa eseng basali) ba bontšitse li-acid tse phahameng tsa mahala. Maemo a Urea a ne a le tlase ho banna ba K vs. C, ka ho fapana le tse tšehali, tseo sehlopha sa HF le tsona li bonts'itseng maemo a holimo a urea ho feta 'mele ea C. Ketone, haholo-holo maemo a 3-hydroxybutyrate, a anngoeng ke ho ja ho leka ho bonts'a maemo a holimo ho lihlopha tsa HF.

Plasma parameter ea likhoto li fepile Lijo tse tloaelehileng (C), Lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata (HF) kapa Cafeteria ja (K).

Setšoantšo sa 2 e bonts'a hore liperesente tsa lipid ea 'mele li ile tsa eketseha ho likhoto tse fepeloang ke banna le basali ka karolelano ea tlhapi, athe ho ne ho se na phapang lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsa C le HF. Mokhoa o tšoanang o ile oa bonoa ha litaba tsa lipid tsa 'mele li ne li hlahisoa ka litekanyetso tse phethahetseng. Kahoo, lipid ea 'mele e ne e le mohopolo o ka sehloohong oa ho phahamisa boima ba' mele ka botlalo.

Setšoantšo sa 2

Setšoantšo sa 2

Litaba tsa lipid tsa 'mele, tse hlahisoang e le karolo ea boima ba' mele, le litekanyetsong tse phethahetseng.

Setšoantšo sa 3 e bonts'a tšebeliso ea matla a letsatsi le letsatsi le tšebeliso ea matla ea likhoto tse fepang lijo tse tharo tsa liteko. Li-cafeteria tse fepehileng li bonts'itse boleng bo phahameng haholo ba ts'ebeliso ea matla le matla a letsatsi le letsatsi. Ha ho liphapang tse fumanoeng pakeng tsa C le HF, ho sa tsotellehe tšebeliso ea polysaccharide e tlase haholo le tšebeliso ea protheine le lipid tse phahameng tsa lipid tsa lihlopha tsa HF. Boleng ba matla bakeng sa likarolo tse fapaneng bo ne bo lekane, 'me ka hona, matla a mangata a matla a ne a tšoana ho lihlopha tsa C le HF. Likhoto tse fepeloang ke cafeteria li bonts'itse keketseho e kholo ts'ebelisong ea matla e tsoang likarolong tsohle tsa lijo, haholo-holo bakeng sa oligosaccharides, e neng e emetse 47 ± 2% ea tšebeliso ea matla a carbohydrate bakeng sa ba batona le 53 ± 2% bakeng sa basali (ns). Liprotheine, lipid le tšebeliso ea "polysaccharide" li bontsitse boleng bo fapaneng (p <0.0001) bakeng sa lijo le thobalano. Ho ja lipid le polysaccharide hape ho bonts'itse tšebelisano e bohlokoa lipalo pakeng tsa lijo le thobalano (p = 0.0030).

Setšoantšo sa 3

Setšoantšo sa 3

Kakaretso ea phepo ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea phepo e matla le likhakanyo tsa tšebeliso ea matla a letsatsi le letsatsi ea likhoto tse phekoloang matsatsi a 30-lijo tse nang le lijo tse tloaelehileng, tse nang le mafura a mangata kapa tsa cafeteria.

Setšoantšo sa 4 e bontša ho ja tsoekere le letsoai letsatsi le leng le le leng. Phapang ea tsoekere (e kanna ea lactose kapa sucrose) e ne e ka nahanoa, hobane ho ja C le HF (feela sucrose) ho ne ho le tlase haholo ha ho bapisoa le ho kenngoeng ke lihlopha tsa K. Ho ne ho se na phapang lipakeng tsa bong. Takatso ea letsoai ea letsatsi le leng le le leng e ne e boetse e phahame lihlopheng tsa lireschorente (tse phahameng ho banna ho feta tsa basali), 'me tšebelisano e kholo ea thobalano e ile ea bonoa. Leha ho le joalo, ha e hlahisoa ka mg / g ea boima bo bokelletsoeng, likhoto tsa basali li kentse letsoai le lengata ho feta banna (39 ± 0.7 ho banna le 56 ± 1.2 ho basali; p = 0.0061).

Setšoantšo sa 4

Setšoantšo sa 4

Nama ea tsoekere le letsoai la likhoto tse phekoloang matsatsi a 30-lijo tse nang le lijo tse tloaelehileng, tse nang le mafura a mangata kapa tsa k'hapete.

Puisano

Phello e ka sehloohong thutong ena ke hore, ho makatsang, ho pepesetsoa matsatsi a 30 ka mefuta e 'meli ea lijo tse phahameng tsa mafura, tse nang le mafura a tšoanang empa tatso e fapaneng, sebopeho le lijo tse fapaneng, li bile le litlamorao tse fapaneng haholo boima ba' mele. Phaello ea boima bo bontšitsoeng ke liphoofolo tse fepeloang ke HF e ne e ts'oana le ea taolo lipapaling tse tloaelehileng tsa lijo, 'me e lumellana le tlhaiso-leseling e neng e hlalositsoe pele bakeng sa likhoto tsa mehleng e le' ngoe e bolokiloeng lijong tse tloaelehileng (Buettner, Schölmerich le Bollheimer, 2007; Baeti et al., 2013), leha litlamorao li bile le ts'usumetso ea thobalano. Litlamorao tse tsejoang tsa lijo tse nang le phepo e ntle li hlahisitse keketseho e kholo ea boima ba 'mele ka nako e khutšoanyane (Romero et al., 2014). Keketseho ena e bakiloe haholo ke ho bokelloa hoa mafura, haholo lithepeng tsa adipose, leha keketseho ea litaba tsa mafura e akaretsoa liseleng tsohle (Esteve et al., 1992a). Ho bokelloa ha lipid tsa 'mele ho ne ho tšoailoe haholoanyane ho ba batona. Ho ba sieo hoa bohlokoa ba ho boloka metsi hape ho tiisa hore sesosa se ka sehloohong sa ho eketseha ha boima ba 'mele e bile phello ea tiiso e kholo ea lipid. Lijo tseo ka bobeli ba li-lipid tse phahameng li ne li e-na le mafura a lekanang ebile li na le li-macronutrients tse ling, empa HF ha ea ka ea phahamisa keketseho ea boima ba 'mele joalo ka K. Phapang e ne e le ea matla a phahameng haholo a kenelletsoeng ke litoeba sehlopheng sa K.

Phapang ea tšebeliso ea matla pakeng tsa lihlopha tsa HF le K e ne e sa bakoa ke se sa lumellaneng le litaba tsa fiber, hobane tšebeliso ea matla ke ts'ebetso ea methapo ea matla ho sa tsotelehe ho ba teng ha litaba tsa fiber (Ramirez le Friedman, 1990). Likahare tse phahameng tsa moea li etsa hore phokotso e matla ea lijo (le boima ba 'mele) likhoebong tse neng li entsoe pele ke mafura a mangata (Adam et al., 2016), mohlomong ka lebaka la khatello e tlase ea matla a ho ja. Phapang e nyane ka har'a dikahare tse nang le matla a motlakase pakeng tsa C le K, mohlala, ke taba e 'ngoe ea ho nka hore fiber e na le phello e fokolang ts'ebelisong ea lijo mohlaleng oa rona.

Likarolo tse monate tsa mokhoa oa ho ja li nkuoa e le tsona lisosa tse ka sehloohong tse ikarabellang bakeng sa lijo tsa kapejana tse hlolang taolo e tiileng ea ho ja lijo tse matlafatsang ka nako ea lijoRadcliffe le Webster, 1976; Mrosovsky le Powley, 1977), le ea ho fokotsa mokhoa oa bona oa ho satiety (Reichelt, Morris le Westbrook, 2014), leha e le nako e telele ea ho pepesa. Litlamorao tsena li ka thusa ho hlalosa hyperphagia (e bakang phepelo e eketsehileng ea matla) e bonoang litšoantšong e fepa lijo tsa k'hothone, hobane litlamorao tsa takatso ea lijo li tsamaisoa ke keketseho ea nako e khuts'oanyane ea ts'ebetso ea kutloelo-bohloko (Muntzel et al., 2012). Kameho ea matla a phahameng a lijo, a fokotsang takatso ea lijo ka kakaretso (Ramirez le Friedman, 1990), e bonahala e sa sebetse lihlopheng tsa K. Kahoo, likarolo tse amoheloang tsa tatso ea phepelo ea tlhapi ea khemikhale (ha e le hantle tsoekere le letsoai, joalo-joalo, tse tsoekere le letsoai) li bonahala e le basebeletsi ba sebetsang hantle ho feta taolo ea takatso ea lijo ho feta kamoo ho ka khonehang ka mafura (le mafura a acid) le teng ka har'a lijo tsa HF ka bongata bo tšoanang le ba lijo tsa kofi. Ntlha ena e lokela ho tsotelloa le mohopolo oa ho kenngoa ha lijo ka bongata ka lebaka la lijo le litakatso tsa mefuta-futa.Moore et al., 2013), eo karolo e 'ngoe e sebelisang matla a "ho phatloha" ho arolelanoang ke likhoto le batho. Ntle le moo, ho ja lijo tse khahlisang (joalo ka liswiti), ho fokotsa maemo a matšoenyeho (Faturi et al., 2010), mme e sebelisoa (ke batho le liphoofolo tse lekang) joalo ka "lijo tse khothatsang" (Ortolani et al., 2011) ho baleha maemo a likhohlano, kapa feela bakeng sa ho ithabisa (Pini et al., 2016).

Likhakanyo tse hakanyetsoang tsa tšebeliso ea matla le liperesente tsa lipid tsa 'mele li bontša hore likhoto tsa HF li ne li bapisa matla a lihlopha tsa taolo ea lijo,' me li fapana ka ho fepa le ba fepa ba K. Boloka e tlase ea lipid ho likhoto tsa HF, leha e le lipilisi tse ngata tse phahameng tsa lipids (haholo-holo li na le mafura a mangata le PUFA ho tsoa phepong e tloaelehileng eo lijo tsa HF li entsoeng ka eona) e fana ka maikutlo a hore ho likhoto tsa HF, lipids tsa phepo li ne li le oxid hoo e batlang e le ngata. Matla a bona a fela a kopants'itse ts'ebeliso e fokotsehileng ea lik'habohaedreite ka lebaka la phello e tlatselletsang ea boteng ba eona bo tlase lijong le lijo tse tlase.

Ho tlameha ho tsotelloa hore lipids tse kentsoeng li ne li batla li le li-acylglycerols, eseng mafura acids, mme ka hona ho ka se be bonolo hore ketso tse ho li-tse ling tse mafura a acid (Mizushige, Inoue & Fushiki, 2007) e ka bapala karolo ea bohlokoa tatso ea lijo tsena.

Leha ho le joalo, lesela le mafura leo lipid le fanang ka lona lijong tse nang le mafura a mangata le bonahala le hohela likhoto (Hamilton, 1964) (joalo ka batho (Kant et al., 2008)). Leha ho le joalo, datha ea rona e bonts'itse hore likhoto tse fepeloang lijo tsa HF ha li supe lijo tse phahameng ho feta taolo, tseo ho bonahala li felisa "tatso ea lipid" e le lebaka la bohlokoa la hyperphagia. Qeto ena e kanna ea ba litholoana tse sa lebelloang tsa sebopeho sa phepo sa HF seo re se sebelisitseng, ha e le hantle e le lijo tse tloaelehileng tse nang le mafura a ekelitsoeng, eseng lijo tse fapaneng ka ho felletseng, tse entsoeng ke likarolo tse 'maloa tse bonolo (proteni, li-tsoekere, tsoekere le mafura), joalo ka tse tloaelehileng sebelisoa bakeng sa lithuto tsa botenya (Crescenzo et al., 2015).

Lintlha tsa rona li thusa ho hlakisa maemo, hobane li paka hore mafura (a le mong) e ke ke ea ba lebaka la bohlokoa la ho ja lijo tse matla (matla). Nyeoe eo ho buuoang ka eona ke lijo tse nang le oli ea HF tse sebelisoang ho etsa hore motho a be motenya litenteng (Kanarek & Marks-Kaufman, 1979) leha ho ne ho sebelisoa oli ea kokonate (Portillo et al., 1998; Ellis, Letša le Hoover-Plow, 2002). Mohlomong, lijong tsena, tsoekere e bapala litlamorao tse tebileng ho boleng ba lijo tsa lijo tse nang le phepo ho feta kamoo ho nahanoang hore (Sclafani, 1987). Keketseho e kholo ea litekanyo tsa 3-hydroxybutyrate tse bakoang ke lijo (ho bonts'a ho lahla mafura acid e mafolofolo), haholo e tšoailoeng ho likhoto tsa HF, e ka sebetsa hape joalo ka lets'oao la satiety (Scharrer, 1999), ka tsela eo thusa ho boloka tekanyo ea lijo maemong a seng a ntse a le tlase. Sena se ne se kopantsoe haholo le basali, ke tšebeliso e sebetsang ea sebatli sa lipids.

Liphetho tse fumanoeng li sebelisa mohlala ona, li bonts'itse hore mafura a le mong e ne e se eona inducer e ka sehloohong ea hyperphagia. Ka lebaka leo, re lokela ho khetha lintlha life tse ling tsa ho ja tse ka emisang phapang e teng lipakeng tsa lijo le matla (HF) le lijo tsa K (re arolelana karolo e tšoanang ea mafura a lijo). Re beha taba ea hore phapang ena e lokela ho amahanngoa le ho ja tsoekere le letsoai le holimo ho mefuta e meng ea kelello joalo ka mefuta le matšeliso. Lijo tsena li ba teng ka bongata ka bongata mefuteng eohle ea ho ja lijo tsa kofi, 'me hangata ha li eo kapa li maemong a fokolang lijong tse tloaelehileng tsa litentisi, haufi haholo le maemo a bophelo ba tlholeho. Ho fihlela joale, likarolo tsena li amohetse tlhokomelo e nyane feela e le li-hyperphagia tse tsamaisoang ke phepelo ea lijo tsa k'homphieutha. Tsoekere (tatso e monate) e baka maikutlo a khahlisang lithong ka lebaka la thepa ea eona ea kutlo ea molomo (Peciña, Smith le Berridge, 2006) e batlang le ho khothaletsa tšebeliso ea lijo tse tsoekere, tsejoang li ka fetoloang ka ho pepesetsoa (Sclafani, 2006) e amanang le matla ao tsoekere e fanang ka ona (McCaughey, 2008). Keketseho ea ho kenella ka sucrose (eneji) e kanna ea kenya letsoho ho eketseha ha mafura, hobane fructose e amohetse e le obesogenic e ngata haholo (Bocarsly et al., 2010). Fructose (hangata e le sucrose) e fumaneha hohle lijong tse ngata tsa Bophirimela mme e ka baka botenya, ho kenyelletsa botenya ba prenatal (Szostaczuk et al., 2017). Lifeseng, lijo tse nang le phepo e ntle li ka baka boemo bo potlakileng ba boemo bo tšoanang le ba metabolic syndrome (Santuré et al., 2002). Re nahana hore phello ea tatso e monate e ka tlatsana le tatso Mabitso a mafura a K, le ha mafura acid e nang le "tatso e mafura" e ngata e sa fumanehe ka kotloloho (Strik et al., 2010).

Likhoto, joalo ka batho, li rata ho noa litharollo tse monate kapa tse letsoai ho fapana le metsi a hlakileng.Khavari, 1970). Re ka eketsa hore letsoai le tsebahala ka thepa ea lona e ntlafatsang tatso, ka hona eketsa litlamorao tsa likarolo tsohle tsa lijo, hammoho le karabelo ea moputso, hobane likhetho tsa bobeli, tse monate le tse letsoai li hokahanngoa le li-opioids tsa endo native (Nascimento et al., 2012). Ebile, phapang e monate / letsoai ke e 'ngoe ea lintlha tsa bohlokoa tse thehisang khomphutha e matla ea ho ja, li-elicited (bathong, bonyane) ka linyehelo tse fapaneng tsa lijo (Tlaase, Lacy & Keast, 2014), ka hona "ntho" e fapaneng "e ka lumellana haholo le boteng ba litakatso tsena tsa mantlha tse batloang ke ntate-moholo (Naim et al., 1985). Li-sweets ke "lijo tsa matšeliso" tsa khale ka ho fetisisaRho et al., 2014). Ho batho slot ena e koaheloa haholo ke chokolete e monate, empa liteko tsa pejana li bontšitse hore likhoto ha li rate tatso e bohloko ea chokolete (Prats et al., 1989), ka hona lebese le nang le tsoekere e ka ba ntho e ntle haholo.

Sodium ke ntho ea bohlokoa e batloang le ho jeoa ka matla ke liphoofolo (mme ho hlakile hore e kenyelletsa batho) ha e fumanoa (Dahl, 1958), ke kahoo ts'ebetso ea rona ea ho iphetola ha lintho ho jang letsoai le lengata haholo (Morris, Na & Johnson, 2008). Tlhokomelo ea maemo a tloaelehileng a protheine ea plasma e fana ka maikutlo a hore na ho na le litlamorao tse ngata tsa letsoai le lekaleng la metsi, joalo ka ha li ne li fumanoe pele (Fernández-López et al., 1994). Leha ho na le litlatsetso tsena, tšebeliso ea letsoai ha e-so hlalosoe e le sesosa sa bohlokoa sa phepo ea lijo tse matlafatsang. Ho batho, ho batla ho le thata ho qoba le letsoai le fokolang haholo lijong tsa kajeno, athe ho ba teng ha tsona lijong tse amanang le lijo tsa kofi ho supa karolo e bohlokoa ho hyperphagia. Ntle le moo, litlamorao tsa tšebeliso ea letsoai ho sistine ea renin-angiotensin (Drenjancevic-Peric et al., 2011), le phello ea tsona ho secretion ea corticosteroid hammoho le axort ea corticosterone-aldosterone ha li na ho ananeloa hangata moelelong ona. Re ka hakanya hore secretion e eketsehileng ea corticoids e le karabelo ea letsoai (Lewicka, Nowicki le Vecsei, 1998) e ka thusa liphetoho tsa metabolic tse khahlisang nts'etsopele ea maemo a khannang ho metabolic syndrome (Alemany, 2012), le phello e eketsehang ea tlhahiso ea lipid (Moosavian et al., 2017).

Ho ne ho e-na le liphapang tse fapaneng lipakeng tsa batho ba bong bo fapaneng ka khetho ea tatso ha likhoto li ne li lumelloa ho khetha lijo, joalo ka lijo tsa barekisi ba jareteng. Likhoto tsa basali li kentse letsoai le leng le le leng ho feta la 40% ho feta banna nakong eo takatso ea eona e neng e hlahisoa mabapi le ho eketseha ha boima ba 'mele. Lintlha tsena li tiisa hore likhoto tsa basali li bontša hore li rata letsoai haholo ho feta tse batona (Flynn, Schulkin le Havens, 1993). Ntle le moo, likhoto tsa basali le tsona li amohetse tsoekere e ngata, ebang e felletse kapa e na le litekanyetso tse lekanang (ke hore, g, ka bongata ho eketseha ha boima ba 'mele) ho feta ba batona. Likhetho tsa likhoto tsa basali bakeng sa limatlafatsi tsena, leha ho le joalo, ha lia ka tsa fella ka boima ba 'mele, ka karolo e' ngoe ka lebaka la litšenyehelo tsa bona tse phahameng tsa matla (Rodríguez-Cuenca et al., 2002) esita le ka mor'a ho lokisa boholo ka ntlha ea allometric factor (Nair le Jacob, 2016). Liphapang tsena tsa thobalano li ka ts'oaroa ho latela lintlha tse ikhethileng tsa thobalano le maemo a marang-rang a moputso (Gugusheff, Ong le Muhlhausler, 2015). Moelelong ona, ha re na datha mabapi le moelelo oa lactose tatso, leha ho tsebahala hore tšebeliso ea lebese (bakeng sa tatso ea eona) e boetse e bolela tšebeliso ea likarolo tse ling tsa lebese, joalo ka li-peptide tse sebetsang le oestrone (García-Peláez et al., 2004) O ikarabella bakeng sa ts'ebetso e phahameng ea ponaletso ea matla nakong ea lebone. Ho feta moo, likhoto tsa basali li bontšitse keketseho e tlase ho potoloha li-triacylglycerols, le maemo a tlase a urea ho feta a banna, tumellanong le litlaleho tse fetileng (Agnelli et al., 2016), kaha e sirelelitsoe haholo ke mafura a mangata haholo (Zhu et al., 2013).

Thutong ena re nahana hore tlatsetso ea tatso ea protheine (umami) ho keketseho ea tšebeliso ea lijo e ka nkoa e le nyane, kaha ho ba teng ha protheine (le boleng ba eona) ho ne ho tšoana (le ho feta ka bongata bo lekaneng) lijong tsohle; empa ha e le hantle ke hobane protheine ea phepo e nepahetseng e fokotsa ho ja haholo (Anderson & Moore, 2004) karolo ka lebaka la phello e phahameng ea maikutlo a eona (Bensaid et al., 2002). Kameho e ka bang teng ea protheine ho lijo tse fumanehang lihlopheng tsa HF, mohlomong, e ne e fokola haholo, hobane e ne e le protheine e le 'ngoe (empa e fokotsoe haholo) ea lijo tse laoloang, le khaello ea likhohlano C vs. HF fana ka bopaki ba hore ha ba ka ba etsa lintho ka mokhoa o khethollang oa ho satiety joalo ka mehlala e meng (Bensaid et al., 2002). Ka lehlakoreng le leng, tekanyo e phahameng ea liprotheine lihlopheng tsa libaka tsa lijo e lokela ho etsa hore liprotheine li hlasimolohe haholo; ho hanyetsa, ha e le hantle, liketso tse kopaneng tsa tsoekere le letsoai (le tatso ea mafura) tse khothalletsang takatso ea lijo tse phahameng. Ho leka-lekana ha litlamorao tsena tse hanyetsanang ha hoa ka ha tšehetsa karolo e kholo ea protheine taolong ea takatso ea lijo mofuteng ona, kaha e matlafalitsoe ke tšusumetso ea hedonic ea litatso tse matla (letsoai). Ho tsebo ea rona, ha ho na litlamorao tsa letsoai le ntlafatsang thepa ho amino acid le tatso ea umami, ho fihlela joale, litekong (Kurihara, 2015).

Nahanisisa

Tlhahiso-leseling e hlahisitsoeng e tiisa takatso e holimo ea takatso ea litheko tsa lijo tsa kofi, eo re ka e hlalosang e le mafura a mangata, tsoekere e phahameng le letsoai le phahameng ha le bapisoa le lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata. Ts'ebeliso e phahameng ea matla ka kakaretso, ka tsela e 'ngoe e hlahisoang ke mokhoa oa ho satiation, mefuta e fapaneng ea lijo, le phello ea lijo tsa morao-rao mohlomong ka lebaka la ho kopantsoe le tatso ea lijo tse letsoai haholo. dintho) ntlafatsa phello ea lijo tsa k'hafeine ho eketsa kapele mabenkele a matla a 'mele. Ts'ebetso tsena tse kopaneng li rata nts'etsopele ea metabolic syndrome. Likotsi tse amanang le lijo tsa cafeteria ha li felle feela ho dikahare tse phahameng tsa mafura le letsoalo la matla, empa haholo-holo ho motsoako o matla (tatso) o matla o ka fetisang mekhoa e tloaelehileng, e laolang ho ja lijo (matla).

Tlhaloso ea lithuso

Boithuto bona bo qalile bo ntlafalitsoe ka tšehetso e fokolang ea lithuso AGL-2011-23635 ea Plan Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos ea 'Muso oa Spain. CIBER-OBN Research Net le eona e kentse letsoho ho tšehetsa thuto ena. Ha ho chelete e eketsehileng ea kantle e fumanoeng bakeng sa thuto ena. Bafani ba lichelete ba ne ba sena karolo morerong oa ho ithuta, ho bokella data le ho hlahlobisisa, qeto ea ho phatlalatsa, kapa ho hlophisa sengoloa.

Tlhahisoleseling e eketsehileng le litlatsetso

Lithahasello tse tsitsitseng

Bangoli ba phatlalatsa hore ha ho na lipapatso tse hlolisang.

Menehelo ea Mongoli

Laia Oliva ba entse liteko, ba lekola tlhaiso-leseling, ba fana ka li-reagents / thepa / lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo, ba ngola pampiri, lipalo tse lokisitsoeng le / kapa litafole, ba lekola likopi tsa pampiri.

Tània Aranda, Giada Caviola 'me Anna Fernández-Bernal ba entse liteko, li-virgents / lisebelisoa / lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo, lingoloa tsa pampiri tse hlahlojoang.

Marià Alemany o ile a hlahloba lintlha, a ngola pampiri, a lekola likotoana tsa pampiri.

José Antonio Fernández-López o ile a sekaseka tlhaiso-leseling, a fane ka li-reagents / lisebelisoa / lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo, a lekola lintlha tsa pampiri.

Sehopotso sa Xavier a tseba le ho rala liteko, a lekola tlhaiso-leseling, a ngola pampiri, a hlophisa lipalo le / kapa litafole, a lekola litokomane tsa pampiri.

Boitšoaro ba liphoofolo

Tlhahisoleseling e latelang e fanoe e amanang le tumello ea boitšoaro (ke hore, ho amohela 'mele le linomoro tse ling tsa litšupiso):

Komiti ea Teko ea Liphoofolo ea Univesithi ea Barcelona e lumelletse lits'ebetso tse ikhethang tse sebelisitsoeng: Tsamaiso DAAM 6911.

Ho fumaneha ha data

Tlhahisoleseling e latelang e mabapi le ho fumaneha ha data:

University of Barcelona setsi sa polokelo:

http://hdl.handle.net/2445/111074.

References

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