Ka pel'a Hum Neurosci. 2015 Jun 16; 9: 356. Doi: 10.3389 / fnhum.2015.00356. eCollection 2015.
Lin F1, Zhou Y2, Du Y3, Zhao Z3, Qin L2, Xu J2, Lei H1.
Sebopeho se sa tloaelehang le ts'ebetso ho striatum le preortal cortex (PFC) li senotsoe ho ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi tsa inthanete (IAD). Leha ho le joalo, ha ho tsejoe letho ka liphetoho tsa lipotoloho tsa corticostriatal tse sebetsang ho IAD. Morero oa thuto ena e ne e le ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa botšepehi ba li-circuits tse sebetsang tsa corticostriatal le likamano tsa bona ho mehato ea neuropsychological ho IAD ka ho phomola-ts'ebetso ea mmuso e sebetsang (FC). Bacha ba leshome le metso e mene ba lilemong tsa bocha tsa IAD le li-taolo tse phetseng hantle tsa 15 li bile li le maemong a phomolo a boemo ba fMRI. Re sebelisa limmapa tse amanang le linaha tse ling tse boletsoeng esale pele, limmapa tse amanang le bohlale ba voxel li ile tsa bapisoa le ho bapisoa lipakeng tsa lihlopha. Kamano lipakeng tsa liphetoho tsa khokahano ea corticostriatal le litekanyo tsa kliniki li ile tsa hlahlojoa sehlopheng sa IAD. Ha ho bapisoa le taolo, lithuto tsa IAD li bonts'itse ts'ebetso e fokotseng khokahano lipakeng tsa hlooho e kenang ka tlase ea potral striatum le hlooho ea patudate ea cortex (ACC), le cortex ea posterior, le lipakeng tsa ventral striatum e ntle le dorsal / rostral ACC, ventral anterior thalamus, le putamen / pallidum / insula / inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), le lipakeng tsa dorsal caudate le dorsal / rostral ACC, thalamus, le IFG, le lipakeng tsa ventral rostral putamen e nepahetseng le IFG. Lithuto tsa IAD li boetse li bonts'itse khokahano e kholo lipakeng tsa sebaka se ka morao sa dorsal caudal putamen le sebaka se ikemetseng sa caudal cigrate. Ho feta moo, lipotoloho tse sebetsang tsa potricostriatal li ne li tsamaellana haholo le mehato ea neuropsychological. Boithuto bona bo fana ka bopaki ka kotloloho ba hore IAD e amahanngoa le liphetoho tsa lipotoloho tse sebetsang tsa corticostriatal tse amehang ts'ebetsong e amanang le tšusumetso, le taolo ea kelello. Liphumano tsena li hatisa hore likhokahano tse sebetsang lipotolohong tsa corticostriatal li fetoloa ke linaha tse amehang / tse khothatsang / tse ling hape li fana ka maikutlo a hore IAD e ka ba le tlhekefetso ea ho feto-fetoha ho joalo ha marang-rang ana.
Selelekela
Bothata ba bokhoba ba ts'ebeliso ea inthanete (IAD), e leng bothata bo atileng ba bophelo bo botle ba kelello ho potoloha lefatše, bo hapile tlhokomelo e kholo ho tsoa sechabeng le saenseng (Spada, 2014). Ka sehlomathisong sa khatiso e nchafalitsoeng ea Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder Edition, khatiso ea bohlano (DSM-5), bothata ba lipapali tsa inthanete, subtype e kholo ea IAD, e thathamisitsoe e le bothata bo hlokang thuto e eketsehileng (Petry et al., 2014). IAD e lebisa litlamorao tse mpe bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi; leha ho le joalo, ha ho tsejoehale ka li-biomarkers, ho ata, nete le sephetho sa kalafo tse amanang le IAD.
Ho utloisisa mekhoa ea methapo ea methapo e ka tlase ho IAD, ho entsoe liphuputso tse entsoeng ka lipatlisiso ho hlahloba lits'oants'o tse mpe tsa ts'ebetso tse amanang le IAD. Liphetoho tsa sebopeho sa ts'ebetso le tšebetso tse amanang le IAD li hlahlojoe lithutong tse fetileng libakeng tse ling (Kuss le Griffiths, 2012; Ko et al., 2015; Lin le Lei, 2015). Ka bokhutšoanyane, e bonts'oa khafetsa hore prefrontal cortex (PFC) le striatum li na le tšusumetso ho IAD. Lihlooho tse nang le IAD li fokotse mathata /Yuan et al., 2011; Zhou et al., 2011; Weng et al., 2013), bokima ba cortical (Hong et al., 2013a; Yuan et al., 2013), tsoekere metabolism (Tian et al., 2014) le ts'ebetso ea bongo e fetotsoeng (Dong et al., 2013a; Ko et al., 2014) ho PFC ho kenyelletsa dorsolateral PFC, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) le anterior cinguate cortex (ACC). Li-addicts tsa IAD le tsona li fumanoe li na le maemo a tlase a dopamine D2 receptors (Kim et al., 2011; Hou et al., 2012), tsoekere e fetotsoeng tsoekere (Park et al., 2010a) le ts'ebetso ea boko (Ko et al., 2014; Li et al., 2014) ka har'a striatum. Liphumano tsena li tsamaellana le mohlala oa hona joale oa pathophysiological e hatisang karolo e hlahelletseng ho striatum le PFC mathateng a bokhoba ba tahi (Goldstein le Volkow, 2011; Limbrick-Oldfield et al., 2013).
Phumano ea ts'ebetso ea phomolo-mmuso (FC), e lekanyang likamano tse pakeng tsa lebatooa la ts'ebetso ea boiketsetso ea mali ho tsoa maemong a moea a itšetlehileng ka moea (BOLD) a ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea matla a matla a matla a matla a sefahleho (MRI), e sebelisitsoe haholo ho fuputsa tšebetso ea mokhatlo / khokahano ea bokong. Ka mokhoa ona, bopaki bo fana ka maikutlo a hore lipotoloho tse sebetsang tsa corticostriat li bohlokoa ho hlaha ha boits'oaro bo pheta-phetoang, boits'oaro bo tloaelo, bo batlang moputso le boits'oaro bo batlang bo sa tloaelehang,Feil et al., 2010; Molisa, 2013). Ho feta moo, lipotoloho tse sebetsang tse fetotsoeng tsa corticostriatal li fumanoe ho autism (Di Martino et al., 2011), bokuli bo potelletseng bo susumetsang (Harrison et al., 2009; Posner et al., 2014; Burguière et al., 2015), le bokuli bo boholo ba khatello ea maikutlo (Furman et al., 2011). Marang-rang a senyehileng a corticostriatal ho boetse ho tlalehiloe basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa khafetsa ba neng ba kentse letsoho litloaelong tse amanang le moputso le bokhoba ba bona (Kühn le Gallinat, 2014). Boithuto ba ho ts'oants'a litšoantšo bo boetse bo bonts'itse likhokahano tse matla lipakeng tsa mathata a tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi le ho se sebetse hantle kahare ho lipotoloho tse sebetsang tsa corticostriatal (Feil et al., 2010; Volkow et al., 2013).
Anatomically, striatum ke sebopeho se matla se ka aroloang ka likarolo tse tsamaeang le likarolo tse arohaneng tsa corticostriatal tse sebelisang mesebetsi e fapaneng ea kelello (Alexander et al., 1986; Choi et al., 2012; Gordon et al., 2015; Manza et al., 2015). Mohlala, ka ho kopanya caudate le putamen libakeng tse tharo, ka ho latellana, Di Martino et al. (2008) e hlakisitse lipaterone tse qaqileng tsa lipotoloho tse sebetsang tsa corticostriatal tse kenyellelitsoeng lits'ebetsong tse khothatsang, tse susumetsang, tse bonoang le tse tsamaeang le makoloi (Di Martino et al., 2008). E bontšitsoe ke lithuto tsa pejana hore khokahano e sebetsang / e sebetsang pakeng tsa striatum le cortex e fokotsehile lithutong tsa IAD (Hong et al., 2013b, 2015; Li et al., 2014; Wee et al., 2014). Leha ho le joalo, boholo ba lithuto tsena ha lia ka tsa etsa lipatlisiso mabapi le hore na li-circuits tse arohaneng hantle tsa corticostriatal tse amehang ho li-subriions tsa striatum li ameha joang.
Ka hona, thutong ea hona joale, re sebelisitse peo e netefalitsoeng ea peo tse tharo (lipeo tse tharo ho caudate le lipeo tse tharo ho putamen) ho hlahloba mefuta e meng ea li-corticostriatal tšebetsong tse sebetsang makaleng a bocha le IAD. Maikemisetso ke: (1) ho etsa lipatlisiso lipakeng tsa phetiso ea topographic ea li-circuits tsa corticostriatal tse sebetsang pakeng tsa bacha ba nang le IAD le taolo e phetseng hantle ntle le IAD; le (2) ho bonesa likamano lipakeng tsa potoloho ea tšebetso ea corticostriatal le methapo ea neuropsychological lithutong tsa IAD.
Lisebelisoa le mekhoa
Lihlooho
Boithuto bona bo amohetsoe ke Komiti ea Boitšoaro ea Sepetlele sa RenJi Sepetlele sa Bongaka sa Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Barupeluoa le batsoali ba bona ba fane ka tumello e ngotsoeng pele ba ngola tlhahlobo ea MRI.
Bacha ba leshome le metso e robeli ba lilemong tsa bocha ba nang le IAD le 18 ka letsohong le letona, lilemo-, bong-, le litekanyetso tse phetseng hantle tsa thuto tse nkileng karolo thutong ena. Tekanyetso ea boits'oaro bakeng sa IAD e thehiloe ke lipotso tse ntlafalitsoeng tsa tlhahlobo ea Young bakeng sa litekanyetso tsa ts'ebeliso ea inthanete ke Beard le Wolf (Beard le Wolf, 2001). Lithuto tsohle li ile tsa hlahlojoa bakeng sa mathata a mafu a kelello le Puisano ea Machabeng ea Neuropsychiatric ea Bana le Bacha (MINI-KID; Sheehan et al., 2010). Mekhoa ea ho qheleloa ka thoko e kenyelelitse nalane ea tlhekefetso kapa ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi; nalane ea maloetse a maholo a kelello, a joalo ka schizophrenia, khatello ea maikutlo, khatello ea maikutlo, liketsahalo tsa kelello, kapa sepetlele bakeng sa mafu a kelello. Litho tsa IAD ha lia ka tsa fumana phekolo ea meriana ha palo e fokolang ea batho ba IAD e fumana kalafo ea kelello. Lintlha le li-MRI tsa sebopeho tsa lithuto tsena li ne li sebelisitsoe lithutong tsa rona tse fetileng (Zhou et al., 2011; Lin et al., 2012). Bakeng sa thuto ena, lintlha tsa rs-fMRI ho tsoa ho li-control tse tharo le sehlooho se le seng sa IAD li ile tsa lahloa ka lebaka la ho sisinyeha ha hlooho e kholo (bona Karolo ea Preprocessing). Ka lebaka leo, ho sebelisitsoe lithuto tse leshome le metso e mehlano tsa lithuto tse leshome le metso e mehlano thutong ena. Lintlha tse qaqileng tsa demographic bakeng sa lithuto tsohle li thathamisitsoe ho Lethathamo 1.
Tafole 1. Sebopeho sa batho le boits'oaro ba lithuto tse sebelisitsoeng thutong ena.
Liteko tsa Neuropsychological
Lipotso tse tšeletseng tse botsoang lipotso, ho kenyelletsa le Little's Internet Addiction Scale (YIAS); E monyenyane, 1996), Potso ea Matla le mathata a teng (SDQ; Goodman, 1997), Scale ea Tsamaiso ea Tsamaiso ea Nako (TMDS; Huang le Zhang, 2001), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS; Patton et al., 1995), Screen ea Matšoenyeho a amanang le maikutlo a bana (SCARED; Birmaher et al., 1997) le Sesebelisoa sa Tlhahlobo ea Lelapa (FAD; Epstein et al., 1983), li ne li sebelisetsoa ho lekola likarolo tsa karolo ea karolo ea litho tsa methapo.
Ho Fumana Litšoantšo
Lits'oaetso tsa fMRI tsa phomolo li entsoe ke setšoantšo sa echo-planar ho 3.0 Tesla Phillips Achieva scanner ea bongaka ka liparamente tse latelang: nako ea ho pheta = 2000 ms; nako ea echo = 30 ms; flip angle = 90 °; fumane matrix = 64 × 64; tšimo ea pono = 230 × 230 mm2; botenya ba sekhahla = 4 mm ha ho na lekhalo. Bophahamo bo bong le bo bong ba boko bo ne bo na le likhechana tsa 34 axial le sekhahla se seng le se seng se ne se e-na le li-220 volumes Nakong ea tlhahiso ea data, lithuto tsohle li ile tsa laeloa hore li phomole, li behe mahlo, 'me li se ke tsa nahana ka letho.
Ho lokisa data
Prerocessing ea data e entsoe ho sebelisoa ke SPM8.1 Likarolo tsa 10 tsa pele tsa thuto ka 'ngoe li ile tsa lahloa ho qoba litlamorao tsa tsamaiso ea methapo. Lipalo tse setseng tsa 210 li ile tsa lokisoa bakeng sa ho lieha ha nako ea ho fumana mme tsa fetisoa ka bophahamo ba pele. Lintho tse falliselitsoeng sebakeng se le seng ka boholo ba 2.0 mm kapa ho potoloha ka hlooho ho feta 2.0 ° ha li kenyelletsoe phuputsong ena. Ka lebaka leo, data ea lithuto tse 'ne tsa IAD le li-control tse tharo ha lia ka tsa kenyelletsoa. Liphetho li bonts'itse hore ho ne ho se na phapang pakeng tsa hlooho ea hlooho lipakeng tsa lihlopha tse peli (p = 0.55 ea motsamao oa ho fetolela le p = 0.43 bakeng sa ho sisinyeha ho potoloha). Litšoantšo tse hlophisitsoeng hape li ile tsa fetoloa ka mokhoa o ikhethileng sebakeng sa Montreal Neurological Institute mme li hlahisoa hape ho 3 mm isotropic voxel. Litšoantšo tse tloaelehileng li ile tsa ntlafatsoa ka 6-mm e bophara bo felletseng ka halofo e phahameng ea isotropic Gaussian kernel le mehloli e 'maloa ea phapang e makatsang e kenyelletsang paramethara e tsamaeang ka hlooho, ho tsamaisoa ka marang-rang, matšoao a BOLD a lefats'e, le matšoao a BOLD litabeng tse tšoeu le mokelikeli oa' mele oa "cerebro-spinal" tlositsoe ka ho khutla hoa mela. Kamora nako, filter ea band-pass ea nakoana (0.01-0.08 Hz) e ile ea etsoa lenaneong la voxel e ngoe le e ngoe e sebelisang fensetere e ntle ea mokokotlo.
Ts'ebeliso ea Ts'ebetso ea Kopano
Re sebelisitse libaka tse tšeletseng tsa tumellano tse “netefalitsoeng” tseo pele e neng e le tsa semmuso Di Martino et al., 2008). Peō ea Caudate e kenyelletsa "infroatum" e ka tlase e kenngoeng ka hare, e tsamaellanang le li-nucleus accumbens; ± 9, 9, −8), li-ventral striatum (VSs; ± 10, 15, 0) le dorsal caudate (DC; DC 13, 15, 9, 20 ). Peō ea Putamen e kenyelletsa "ventral rostral putamen" (VRP; ± 12, 3, −25), dorsal rostral putamen (DRP; ± 8, 6, 28) le dorsal caudal putamen (DCP; ± 1, 3, 6, XNUMX, XNUMX. Radius bakeng sa peo e ngoe le e ngoe ke XNUMX mm. Lihokela tsa peo ea hemisphere e nepahetseng le ea leqele li hlalositsoe sebakeng sa MNI. Lipeo tsena li ne li netefalitsoe ho ipapisitsoe le likarolo tse ling tsa ts'ebetso ea "striatum", 'me mekhoa ea tsona ea khokahano e qapiloe ka boona (Di Martino et al., 2008, 2011; Harrison et al., 2009; Kelly et al., 2009; Choi et al., 2012; Gabbay et al., 2013; Gordon et al., 2015; Manza et al., 2015).
Bakeng sa thuto e 'ngoe le e' ngoe, 'mapa o kopaneng oa sefapano bakeng sa peo e' ngoe le e 'ngoe o ile oa qala ho fumanoa ka ho lekanya khokahano ea tšebeliso ea sefapano lipakeng tsa nako e khuts'oane ea thuto ea peo le molumo o mong le o mong oa boko bohle ka ho hatisa litlamorao tsa ho sisinyeha ha hlooho, mola ho hoholeha, le ts'ebetso ea boksi ho tsoa mokelikeli oa "cerebrospinal fluid" le ntho e tšoeu. Mme 'mapa oa tšebelisano-'mano o kopaneng o ile oa fetoloa z'Mapa oa' nete ke phetoho ea R-to-z ea Fisher ho ea tsamaisong e tloaelehileng. The zLimmapa tsa lipalesa li ile tsa kenngoa mohlaleng o bohlale oa voxel t Teko ea ho fumana limmapa tsa sehlopha sa FC ka bolelele (p <0.001) le boholo (p <0.001) menyako e lokisitsoeng boemong ba boko bo felletseng (Greicius et al., 2007). Limmapa tsa Sehlopha FC ho tsoa lithutong ka bobeli tsa IAD le taolo e phetseng hantle li ile tsa kopanngoa ka ho sebelisa ts'ebetso ea "OR" ho hlahisa mask a kopaneng, a neng a sebelisoa ho qobella sehlopha se latelang lipakeng tsa tlhahlobo. Ebe zLimmapa tse bolokiloeng ka har'a maske ena li ile tsa kenngoa mohlaleng o bohlale oa voxel tse peli t tlhahlobo ka lilemo le bong e le covariate ho lekola liphapang tsa sehlopha lipakeng tsa FC. Sebaka se kopaneng sa p <0.005 bakeng sa voxel ka 'ngoe le boholo ba sehlopha sa 351-405 mm3 (ka ho le letšehali (l) VSi: 351 mm3; ka ho le letona (r) VSi: 378 mm3; li-LVS: 405 mm3; li-RVS: 378 mm3; lDC: 405 mm3; rDC: 405 mm3; LDRP: 378 mm3; rDRP: 405 mm3; lDCP: 405 mm3; rDCP: 432 mm3; LVRP: 405 mm3; rVRP: 405 mm3), e tsamaellanang le e lokisitsoeng p <0.05 e sebelisitsoe ho fumana sehlopha sa bohlokoa-lipakeng tsa limmapa tsa phapang ea FC. Khalemelo ena e ne e koaletsoe ka har'a maske e kopaneng mme e ile ea khethoa ke lipapiso tsa 5000 Monte Carlo ho sebelisa lenaneo la AFNI AlphaSim.2
Litloaelano tsa boitšoaro
Mehato e bohlale ea likhato tse ngata e lekola matla a sehlopha sa FC libakeng tse bonts'ang karohano lipakeng tsa sehlopha sa FC e le phetoho e fapaneng le lilemo, bong, thuto, YIAS, SDQ, SCARED, FAD, TMDS le BIS joalo ka mekhoa e ikemetseng e entsoeng ho hlahloba hore na li-circuits tse sebetsang tse fetotsoeng li tsamaellana le lintlha tsa boits'oaro.
Results
Mehato ea Demographic le Boitšoaro
Barupeluoa ba sehlopha sa IAD le sehlopha se tloaelehileng sa taolo ba ne ba tsamaisoa ka lilemo, bong le lilemo tsa thuto. Ha ho na phapang e kholo ho TMDS le BIS pakeng tsa lihlopha tsena tse peli ha lithuto tsa IAD li ne li na le YIAS e phahameng (p <0.0001), SDQ (p <0.0001), HO HLOKAHALA (p <0.001) le FAD (p = 0.017) lintlha tse ngata ho feta tse laoloang. Litšobotsi tsa palo ea batho le mekhoa ea boitšoaro ea IAD le lithuto tsa taolo li thathamisitsoe ho Lethathamo 1.
Corticostriatal Functional Circuits
E tsamaisana le mesebetsi ea pejana, tlhahlobo ea lihlahisoa tse thehiloeng ho peo ea FC e fane ka limmapa tse qaqileng tsa lipotoloho tse fapaneng tsa tšebetso e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea tse tšeletseng tse seterateng kahare. Sebopeho sa FC bakeng sa peo ea caudate le putamen se bontšitsoe ho Litšoantšo 1, 2, ka ho latellana. Seo re se fumaneng se khutlisitse lithuto tse fetileng (Di Martino et al., 2008, 2011; Harrison et al., 2009; Kelly et al., 2009; Choi et al., 2012; Gabbay et al., 2013; Gordon et al., 2015; Manza et al., 2015) 'me li ne li tsamaisana hantle le khokahano e tsejoang ea anatomical (Haber, 2003) le ts'ebetso e sebetsang e hlophisitsoeng ho tsoa ho tlhaiso-leseling ea lingoliloeng tse sebetsoang (Postuma le Dagher, 2006). Leha mekhoa ea striatal FC ea lithuto tsa IAD le taolo e tloaelehileng e ne e ts'oana le e 'ngoe ea peo tse ts'oaroang tsa striatal, lits'oants'o tsa sehlopha sa IAD li ile tsa fokotsoa ha li bapisoa le tsa sehlopha sa taolo. Diphetho tse ikhethileng li bonts'itsoe ho Setšoantšo 3; Tafole 2 mme di hlalositswe ka tlase.
Setšoantšo sa 1. Limmapa tse sebetsanang tsa tšebeliso (FC) ea lipeō tsa caudate bakeng sa sehlopha ka seng. FC Mapa bakeng sa bothatanyana ba ho lemalla marang-rang (IAD) bacha (ba khubelu) le taolo e tloaelehileng (HC; mosehla) ba ne ba hlahisoa ka thoko ebe ba koaheloa hammoho ka sepheo sa ho bonts'a; 'mala o pherese o bobebe o supa libaka tse koahetsoeng ke lihlopha tsena ka bobeli. Karolo e ka letsohong le letšehali (le letona) e bonts'a limmapa tsa FC tse hlahisitsoeng ka peo ea leqele (ka ho le letona). Karolo e bohareng e supa peo ea caudate. Lehlakore le letšehali la setšoantšo le tsamaisana le karolo e ka morao ea boko. VSi, maemo a tlaase a boemo ba moea; Li-VS, li-striatum tse phahameng tsa ventral; DC, dorsal caudate.
Setšoantšo sa 2. Limmapa tse sebetsang tsa tumellano (FC) ea lipeō tsa putamen bakeng sa sehlopha ka seng. Limmapa tsa FC tsa bacha ba IAD (bofubelu) le taolo e tloaelehileng (HC; mosehla) li ne li hlahisoa ka thoko ebe li koaheloa hammoho ka sepheo sa ho bonts'a; 'mala o pherese o bobebe o supa libaka tse koahetsoeng ke lihlopha tsena ka bobeli. Karolo e ka letsohong le letšehali (ka ho le letona) e bonts'a limmapa tsa FC tse hlahisitsoeng ke peo ea setamen ka ho le letšehali (ka ho le letona). Karolo e bohareng e supa peo ea putamen. Lehlakore le letšehali la setšoantšo le tsamaisana le karolo e ka morao ea boko. VRP, ventral rostral putamen; DRP, dorsal rostral putamen; DCP, dorsal caudal putamen.
Setšoantšo sa 3. Libaka tsa methapo li bontšitse phapang e kholo pakeng tsa bacha ba nang le IAD le taolo e tšoanangp <0.05, AlphaSim e lokisitsoe), ha libaka tsa peo li le ho (A) lVSi, (B) rVSi, (C) lVSs, (D) rVSs, (E) lDC, (F) rDC, (G) lVRP, le (H) LDCP. Bakeng sa lintlha tse ling, bona Tafole 2. Mebala e chesang le e batang e bontša hore FC ea eketseha ebile ea fokotseha ho IAD ha e bapisoa le taolo.
Tafole 2. Libaka tse bontšang liphapang tse kholo pakeng tsa bacha ba nang le bothata ba ho lemalla Inthanete (IAD) le lithuto tse amanang le tsona (p <0.05, AlphaSim e lokisitsoe).
E tlase le e Phahameng ea Ventral Striatum
Lihlopheng ka bobeli li bonts'itse sehlopha sa FC ho tloha ho li-ventromedial ho ea ho li-dorsolateral likaroloana tsa pele le ACC e tlohang ho VSi ho isa VS. Ntle le moo, VSi e bontšitse khokahano ea bohlokoa e amanang le cortex (PCC) ea morao-rao. Ha limmapa tsa FC li bapisoa pakeng tsa lihlopha, phapang e kholo e ile ea hlokomeloa bakeng sa VSi le VS. Mabapi le VSi, bacha ba IAD ba bontšitse ba fokolitse haholo FC ka hlooho ea caudate le ACC ka kotloloho. FC ea fokotsehileng e ile ea fumanoa le pakeng tsa VSi le PCC tse setseng. Bakeng sa sebaka sa peo ea VSs, lithuto tsa IAD li bonts'itse FC e tlase ka dorsal / rostral ACC le ventral anterior thalamus bilatally, le libaka tse ka thoko tsa subcortical ho kenyelletsa putamen, pallidum, insula le inferior frontal gyrus (IFG).
Dorsal Caudate
Lithutong ka bobeli tsa IAD le taolo e phetseng hantle, DC e bontšitse likamano tse ntle le libaka tsa boko tse kentsoeng taolong ea kelello. Lipapiso tsa sehlopha se ikhethileng li senotse hore IAD e bontsitse e fokotsehile pakeng tsa DC le dorsal / rostral ACC ka bobeli. DC ea ka ho le letšehali e bonts'itse FC e fokotsehile ka "thammus" ea morao-rao ea morao-rao, hammoho le DC e nepahetseng e bontšitse likamano tse ntle le IFG e setseng ho IAD.
Dorsal Caudal le Dorsal Rostral Putamen
E lumellana le karolo ea bona taolong ea makoloi, lipeo tsa dorsal putamen li bonts'itse likamano tse ntle tsa bohlokoa le libaka tsa mantlha le tsa bobeli tsa sensorimotor bakeng sa lithuto tsa IAD le tsa bophelo bo botle. Leha ho le joalo, ho latela taolo e phetseng hantle, IAD e bonts'itse FC e eketsehileng lipakeng tsa DCP ea leqele le sebaka sa makoloi se kopantseng habeli.
Ventral Rostral Putamen
Peo ea VRP e hokahane hantle le rostral ACC le dorsal lateral PFC e atisang ho amahanngoa le ho shebella likhohlano le mekhoa e amanang le liphoso. Le ha IAD e bonts'itse extender FC e nang le sebaka se seng sa boko, ke FC feela pakeng tsa VRP ea leqele le IFG e nepahetseng li bontšitse phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa lihlopha.
Mekhatlo ea boitšoaro e amanang le Brain ho IAD
Ho lithuto tsa IAD, lintlha tse phahameng ho YIAS li boletse esale pele matla a FC pakeng tsa li-VS tse nepahetseng le tse peli tsa lefatše dorsal caudate (r = −0.560; p = 0.038; Setšoantšo 4A). Ntle le moo, lintlha tse phahameng tsa SCARED li boletse esale pele matla a FC pakeng tsa VS tse nepahetseng le rostral ACC (r = −0.540; p = 0.046; Setšoantšo 4B), lipakeng tsa DC ea leqele le habeli / dostal dostal / rostral ACC (r = −0.566; p = 0.035; Setšoantšo 4C), le lipakeng tsa VRP ea leqele le IFG e nepahetseng (r = −0.609; p = 0.021; Setšoantšo 4D). Re boetse re sebelisitse ho ikopanya ha metsamao ho bona likamano lipakeng tsa mokhoa o fetotsoeng oa FC le boits'oaro. Liphetho tsa khatello ea maikutlo a phahameng ka ho hlaka li ne li tšoana le tsa khatello ea methapo. YIAS e ile ea hokahanngoa le matla a FC lipakeng tsa li-VS tse nepahetseng le tse peli tsa naha dorsal caudate (r = −0.594; p = 0.025). Lintlha tsa SCARED li ne li amahanngoa le matla a FC lipakeng tsa li-VS tse nepahetseng le karolo ea bobeli ea rostral ACC (r = −0.548; p = 0.042), le pakeng tsa VRP ea leqele le IFG e nepahetseng (r = −0.666; p = 0.009). Likoloi tsa SCARED li bile le khokahano ea tloaelo le matla pakeng tsa DC pakeng tsa DC leqeleng le naha e kopaneng ea dorsal / rostral ACC (r = −0.464; p = 0.095).
Setšoantšo sa 4. Tlhahlobo ea likamano lipakeng tsa matla a FC le boits'oaro kahare ho sehlopha sa IAD. (A) Likhohlano pakeng tsa matla a FC (e bonts'itsoeng ka kakaretso z boleng) ba tokelo e phahameng ea ventral striatum (rVSs) ho dorsal caudate le tekanyo ea bokhoba ba ts'ebeliso ea Inthanete (YIAS; r = -0.560, p = 0.038). (B) Likamano lipakeng tsa matla a FC (e bonts'itsoeng ka kakaretso z boleng) ba li-RVS ho rostral anterior cinguate cortex (ACC) le skrineng sa mathata a amanang le khatello ea maikutlo a bana (SCARED; r = -0.540, p = 0.046). (C) Likamano lipakeng tsa matla a FC (e bonts'itsoeng ka kakaretso z boleng) ba leqele la dorsal caudate (lDC) ho la rostral / dorsal ACC le SCARED; (r = -0.566, p = 0.035). (D) Likamano lipakeng tsa matla a FC (e bonts'itsoeng ka kakaretso z boleng) ba leqele le ka lehlakoreng le letšehali rostral putamen (lVRP) ka letsohong le ka tlase le ka tlase le ka pele le ka pele (GG) le SCARED (r = -0.609, p = 0.021).
Puisano
Ho tsebo ea rona, ena ke thuto ea pele ea ho etsa lipatlisiso mabapi le bonnete ba marang-rang a ts'ebetso ea corticostriatal le likamano lipakeng tsa tlhekefetso ea maemong a potoloho le mehato ea bongaka ho IAD. Bakeng sa lithuto le taolo ea IAD ka bobeli, re pheta lipatlisiso tsa Di Martino et al. (2008), ho shebella mekhoa ea khokahano e lumellanang le hypothesised affant le tšusumetso (boemo bo ka tlase ba ventral striatum), tlhokomeliso (li-ventral putamen, dorsal caudate, maemo a phahameng a ventral striatum) le motor (dorsal putamen) karohano ea striatum. Ha e bapisoa le taolo, IAD e bonts'a mekhoa e ts'oanang ea khokahano empa e fetotsoeng matla a khokahano bakeng sa tšebeliso e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea striatum ntle le DRP. Ntle le moo, re fumane lintlha tsa YIAS li ne li amana hampe le matla a khokahano pakeng tsa li-VS tse nepahetseng le dorsal caudate biliveally, 'me lintlha tsa SCARED li ne li amahanngoa le matla a khokahano pakeng tsa li-VS tse nepahetseng le rostral ACC, lipakeng tsa DC le letšehali le dorsal dorsal / rostral ACC hammoho le pakeng tsa VRP ea leqele le IFG e nepahetseng. Likamano tsena li bonts'a hore ts'ebeliso e mpe ea ts'ebeliso ea inthanete e fokolisa matla a khokahano pakeng tsa libaka tsena. Liphumano tsa rona li fana ka maikutlo a hore li-circuits tse sebetsang tsa corticostriatal li ka sebelisoa e le biomarker e tšoanelehang ho utloisisa mekhoa e ka tlase ea neural ea likotsi kapa ho hlahloba ts'ebetso ea ho kenella ka ho khetheha ha pejana ho IAD.
Likaroloana tse sa sebetseng tsa Corticostriatal Functional Circuits ho IAD
Thutong ea hajoale, peo ea VSi e bontsitse ho hokahanya ho hokahane le hlooho ea caudate, Agengen e tsoalang le PCC sehlopheng sa IAD, khokahano e tsejoang e le bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso e amanang le ts'usumetso (susumetso).Johansen-Berg et al., 2008; Beckmann et al., 2009). Ho fumaneha ha khokahano e fokolisitsoeng pakeng tsa li-nucleus accumbens / VSi le hlooho ea caudate ho bolela mesebetsi e fetohileng e amanang le moputso ho IAD, ho bonts'a ba lemaletseng marang-rang ba ka khetha ho khetha meputso e menyenyane ea kapele (ke hore, litlamorao tse potlakileng) ho fapana le meputso e meholo e etsahalang nakong e tlang. , joalo ka bophelo bo botle, likamano tse ntle kapa katleho ea mosebetsi.Irvine et al., 2013). Joalokaha ho hlokometsoe, ts'ebetso e fokotsehileng ho caudate ka mor'a ho hapa moputso o sa khaotseng ho IAD (Dong et al., 2013b). Subgenual ACC, menyetla e phahameng ea ho hokahana le li-nucleus accumbens / VSi, ke sebaka se thata pakeng tsa marang-rang a laoloang bakeng sa ho tsosa moea o mobe kapa molao (Johansen-Berg et al., 2008; Rudebeck et al., 2014). Boithuto ba morao-rao ba monahano ba kelello bo bonts'itse hore ACC ea tlhaho e bohlokoa ho boiphihlelo ba maemo a mabe a bophelo (Mayberg et al., 1999) le Agengenible ACC ke sepheo se nang le ts'usumetso e tebileng ea kelello bakeng sa kalafo ea khatello ea maikutlo (Liston et al., 2014). Lithuto tsa Neuropsychological li senotse hore litheko tse phahameng tsa matšoenyeho le khatello ea maikutlo li fumanoe lithutong le IAD (Bozkurt et al., 2013; Zhang et al., 2013). PCC, e leng karolo ea mantlha ea boko marang-rang a mofuta oa default, e bohlokoa mesebetsing ea boits'oaro (Vogt et al., 2006). Tekanyo e sa tloaelehang ea bohloohoZhou et al., 2011) le taba e tšoeu e tšoeu (Dong et al., 2012a) ho PCC ho tlalehiloe batho ba IAD. Boithuto ba kelello ba kliniki bo boetse bo fumane hore liithuti tsa univesithi tse lemalloang ke inthanete li na le lintlha tse ngata tse tlase tsa ho itšireletsa le tšebelisano-mmoho (Dalbudak et al., 2013a), ho fana ka maikutlo a hore lithuto tsa IAD li na le tekanyo e tlase bakeng sa mesebetsi ea boits'oaro. Ha ho kopanngoa hammoho, liphumano tsa khokahano e fokolisitsoeng pakeng tsa VSi le hlooho ea caudate, ACC ea lilemong tsa bocha le PCC li bonts'a hore bacha ba IAD ba bonts'a tšebetso e sa tloaelehang le ts'ebetso e susumetsang.
Ho fumana ha rona khokahano e fokotsehileng pakeng tsa caudate (VSs le DC) le habeli dorsal / rostral ACC ho fana ka maikutlo a ho se sebetse hantle ha "croticostriatal-limbic circry" e amehang taolong ea kelello le maikutlo (Botvinick et al., 2004; Li le Sinha, 2008) ho IAD. Dorsal ACC e amahantsoe le ho boloka mohopolo oa ho sebetsa, ho shebella lintoa le ho lokisa liphoso hammoho le rostral ACC e kentse letsoho ts'ebetsong e amanang le taolo ea maikutlo (Bush et al., 2000). Joalokaha ho hlokometsoe, letsoalo le lenyane la litaba tsa bohlooho ka hara leqele la dorsal le fumanoe ka sehlopheng sa data ea MRI lithutong tsa rona tse fetileng (Zhou et al., 2011). Patlisiso e 'ngoe e bonts'itse hore IAD e ne e na le bonyata bo theohileng ba litaba grey ho rostral ACC (Yuan et al., 2011). Mosebetsi o moholo ho ACC o ile oa boela oa senoloa bakeng sa boemo ba ho kena-kenana le "stroop paradigm"Dong et al., 2012b) le tlhahlobo ea meta e bonts'itse hore IAD e bile le ts'oaetso e kholo ho medial frontal / ACC (Meng et al., 2014). Lihlooho tse nang le IAD li boetse li bonts'itse bokhoni ba ho hlokomela phoso bo senyehileng ha bo bapisoa le taolo, e neng e amana le ts'ebetso e matla ho dorsal ACC likarabo tsa liphoso (Dong et al., 2013a). Lithuto tsa Boitšoaro li bonts'itse hore batho ba IAD ba ne ba kopantsoe le nako e telele ea karabelo le liphoso tse ngata tsa karabelo maemong a seng matle ho feta taolo ntle le IAD (Dong et al., 2011). Khokahano e fokotsang pakeng tsa li-VS le insula le eona e tlalehiloe ho IAD. Insula e kile ea bontšoa e ts'ebetso e sa fetoheng nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso, le ho fetoloa ka tlhokomeliso ea phoso (Menon le Uddin, 2010). Phuputso e entsoeng ke meta mabapi le ho nahana ka bokong e bontšitse hore boroko bo kenelletse tlhokomelong ea phoso (Klein et al., 2007). Kahoo, insula e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ts'ebetsong ea liphoso mabapi le ho lokisa boitšoaro ba motho. Joalokaha ho hlokometsoe, lithuto tsa IAD li bontšitse letsoalo le tlaase la litaba tsa bohlooho (Zhou et al., 2011) le phokotso ea cortical thickness (Yuan et al., 2013) ka har'a insula. Ho feta moo, ts'ebetso e fokotsehileng ea ts'ebetso nakong ea ts'ebetso ea phoso e kile ea fumanoa lithutong le IAD (Ko et al., 2014). Ka hona, joalo ka ho ts'epahalla lintho tse ling, taolo e senyehileng ea kelello le ts'ebetso ea khatello ea maikutlo hammoho le ts'ebeliso e qobelloang ea inthanete ke tsona motheo oa bofokoli bo sebetsang ba croticostriatal-limbic.
IAD e boetse e bonts'itse ts'ebelisano e fokotsehileng pakeng tsa striatum (VSs, DC le VRP) le IFG, khokahano e tsejoang ho kenya letsoho taolong ea inhibitory (Litho tsa et al., 2009; Swick et al., 2011). Liphoso taolong ea inhibitory li ka tlatsetsa tahlehelong ea taolo ea ts'ebeliso ea bona ea inthanete le ho phehella ts'ebeliso ea lipapali tsa inthanete ho sa tsotellehe mahlomola a motho, matšoao a ho itšepa kelellong le litlamorao tse mpe tse fapaneng. Lithuto tsa Epidemiological li bonts'itse hore bacha ba nang le IAD ba bonts'a ho ts'oenyeha ho feta (ke hore, tlhaelo ea karabo) ho feta taolo ntle le IAD (Cao et al., 2007; Dalbudak et al., 2013b). Phuputso e le 'ngoe ea neuropsychological e bontsitse tšitiso ea karabelo e sa sebetseng lithutong le IAD (Zhou et al., 2012). Tlhahiso e 'ngoe e amanang le ts'ebetso ea boko e amanang le thuto ea Go / No-Go e bontšitse hore liithuti tsa IAD li ne li sa sebetse hantle ts'ebetsong ea tlhahisoleseling le taolong e tlase ea tšusumetso ho feta lithaka tsa bona tse tloaelehileng (Dong et al., 2010). Ntle le moo, litaba tse nang le bothata ba lipapali tsa inthanete li bonts'itse ts'ebetso e phahameng ea boko ha ho sebetsanoa le thibelo ea karabo ea letsoho le letšehali ho feta taolo.Ko et al., 2014). Khokahano e fokotsang pakeng tsa striatum (VSs le DC) le pallidum le thalamus le tsona li fumanoe sehlopheng sa IAD. Lithoteng tsa corticostriatal, pallidum ke tlhahiso ea striatum mme pallidum e hokahana le thalamus e ts'ebetso ea cortex (Alexander et al., 1986). Li-circuits tsena ho nahanoa hore li bohlokoa bakeng sa ho tsepamisa le ho boloka boits'oaro bo lakatsehang ha u hatella boits'oaro bo sa batleheng (Haber le McFarland, 2001). Batho ba IAD ba tsebahala hore ba thatafalloa ke ho thibela lintho, e leng ho eketsang kananelo ea bona ea ho khutla boteng ba mekhoa e amanang le inthanete. Ka hona, liphumano li fana ka maikutlo a hore taolo e fokolang ea taolo, boitšoaro bo fokotsehileng ba ho hatella boits'oaro bo itlhommeng pele, bo atile lithutong tsa IAD.
Ho khahlisang, IAD e bonts'itse khokahano e kholo lipakeng tsa DCP ea leqele le libaka tse ikemetseng tsa koloi tse hulang makoloi tse atisang ho sebetsoa nakong ea metsamao e bonolo ea letsoho (Shima le Tanji, 1998). Ha u fuoa lithethefatsi tsa inthanete u qeta nako e ngata inthaneteng 'me u be le tsebo e makatsang le e nepahetseng ea ho tobetsa toeba le ho thaepa likgama (Kuss le Griffiths, 2012), ho ka etsahala hore lits'ebetso tse joalo tsa koetliso li ka baka liphetoho tsa neuroplastic libakeng tse amanang le koloi tsa caudal.
Kamano lipakeng tsa Corticostriatal Functional Circuits le Ho ba le Boitšoaro ho IAD
Thutong ena, re fuputse litloaelo tsa liphetoho tsa tšebetso ea lipotoloho tsa corticostriatal tse sebetsang lilemong tsa bocha tsa IAD. Phokotso ea matla a FC lipakeng tsa li-VS tse nepahetseng le tse ling tse peli tsa thuto ea IAD tse amanang haholo le keketseho ea sekhahla sa YIAS; ha lintlha tse phahameng tsa SCARED li ne li bonahala li amana le matla a tlase a FC lipakeng tsa li-VS tse nepahetseng le rostral ACC, lipakeng tsa DC leqeleng le bilioneal dorsal / rostral ACC, le lipakeng tsa VRP ea leqele le IFG e nepahetseng. YIAS ke lipotso tse sebelisoang haholo ho hlahloba ho itshetleha ha marang-rang. Lithuto tsa psychometric tsa pejana li tlalehile hore lithuto tsa IAD li ne li na le lintlha tse phahameng tsa YIAS ho feta tse se nang IAD (Cao le Su, 2007). Kaha khokahano e fokotsehileng e nahanoa hore e bonts'a bothata bo boholo ba ho etsa potoloho ha ho hlokahala, tlhokomeliso ena ea kamano e mpe lipakeng tsa lintlha tsa YIAS le matla a khokahano pakeng tsa li-VS tse nepahetseng le tse peli tsa dorsal caudate li bontšitse hore lithuto tsa IAD tse nang le lintlha tse phahameng tsa YIAS li hlahile li batla lintlha tshusumetso e phahameng ea marang-rang ho feta meputso ea tlhaho. SCARED ke potso e tšepahalang le e sebetsang ea ho itlhalosa e lekanyang matšoao a mathata a ho tšoenyeha ho bana (Birmaher et al., 1997). Lithuto tsa Neuropsychological li senotse hore bacha ba IAD ba ne ba e-na le lintlha tse phahameng haholo tsa SCARED ho feta ba se nang IAD (Xiuqin et al., 2010). Kamano e mpe lipakeng tsa lintlha tsa SCARED le matla a ho hokahana a hlaha ka lebaka la ho se sebetse ha lipotoloho tsa corticostriatal tse amehang taolong ea lerato. Ho feta moo, liphumano tsa litloaelano tse bohlokoa pakeng tsa matla a khokahano kahare ho lipotoloho tsa corticostriatal le likarolo tsa boits'oaro li bonts'a hore marang-rang a corticostriatal a ka sebetsa e le selelekela sa thibelo kapa sepheo se secha sa kalafo bakeng sa IAD.
Ho bapisoa le Corticostriatal Functional Circuits Abnormalities in D drug kulevya
Lithuto tsa boemo ba phomolo tsa FC le tsona li bonts'itse likamano tse matla lipakeng tsa bokhoba ba lithethefatsi le litlolo tsa ts'ebetso ea corticostriatal. Mohlala, FC e nyolohileng e ile ea bonoa lipakeng tsa moea o tsoang ka letsohong le letšehali le ka letsohong le letona la OFC, ea fihla e kenella ho rostroventral ACC ho lemaletseng koae (koae ea koae)Wilcox et al., 2011). Matla a FC kahare ho PFC ea striatal-dorsolateral a ne a kopantsoe hantle le palo ea tšebeliso ea koae ho basebelisi ba koae, le tekanyo lipakeng tsa striatal-dorsal ACC le li-circrialal anterior prefrontal / orbitof Pambal cortex li ne li amana haholo le tahlehelo ea taolo holim'a tšebeliso ea koae. (Hu et al., 2015). Ts'ebeliso e mpe ea joala e sa feleng e boetse e na le phello e mpe mosebetsing ka har'a lipotoloho tsa corticostriatal. Mohlala, dorsal striatum-mOFC FC e ne e holofetse (Lee le al., 2013) le khokahano e sa sebetseng ea frontostriatal e kentseng liqeto tse sa tloaelehang le moputso le thibelo ea karabo ho ts'ehelong ea joala (Park et al., 2010b; Courtney et al., 2013; Forbes et al., 2014). Ha e le temallo ea nicotine, FC e fokotsehileng lipakeng tsa "ventral striatum" le "dorsal anterior cingated cortex" e amanang hantle le ho teba ha boko ba nicotine (Hong et al., 2009). Ntle le moo, FC e nyolohileng lipakeng tsa li-nucleus accumbens le ventral / rostral ACC le OFC, lipakeng tsa gyrus e nepahetseng le e habeli ea bohare ba pele le gyrus e nepahetseng e ka pele e bonoe ho basebelisi ba heroin ba sa foleng.Ma et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2013). Ka hona ho bonahala eka IAD le ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi li amahanngoa le, ho isa bohōleng bo itseng, lits'ebetso tse tšoanang tsa corticostriatal tšebetsong bokong, tse ka 'nang tsa etsa signature ea neural bakeng sa mefuta ena ea bokhoba.
sheba mefokolo ea
Ho na le meeli e 'maloa e lokelang ho boleloa thutong ena. Taba ea mantlha, ho fumanoa ha IAD ho ne ho thehiloe haholo lipotsong tsa lipotso tse ipolelang, tse ka hlahisang phapang e itseng maemong a mang. Ka hona, tlhahlobo ea IAD e hloka ho ntlafatsoa ka lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa tlhahlobo ho ntlafatsa ts'epahalo le bonnete. Taba ea bobeli, boholo ba sampole thutong bo ne bo le bonyenyane mme kakaretso ea liphetho le eona e lokela ho ba hlokolosi. Ka lebaka la meeli ena, liphetho li lokela ho nkuoa e le tsa pele 'me li hloka ho phetoa lithutong tsa nako e tlang ka sampole e kholo. Taba ea boraro, re qolla linyeoe tse neng li tsamaisana le ts'ebeliso ea mali le mafu a mang a kelello 'me liphetho li lokela ho akaretsoa ka hloko ho lihlopha tsena tse sebelisang lithethefatsi hampe le mafu a mang a kelello. Taba ea bone, lintlha tsa nako ea bokuli ha lia tlalehoa thutong ena. Ka hona, kamano efe kapa efe pakeng tsa khaello ea li-circort tse sebetsang tsa corticostriatal le nako ea IAD li ne li ke ke tsa tiisoa thutong ena. Ka bohlano, ka lebaka la datha tse lekanyelitsoeng tsa ho khutlisetsa maemo a fMRI ea naha, re hlahloba FC ho latela palo e nyane ea litlhaloso ho striatum, e ka lebisang ponts'o e sa felletseng ea li-circort tse sebetsang tsa corticostriatal. Ka hona, lintlha tse phahameng tsa ho phomola tsa boemo ba fMRI tsa naha li hloka ho sebelisoa ho rarolla bothata bona lithutong tse tlang. Qetellong, ntle le lipatlisiso tse ka bang teng, likamano tsa causal lipakeng tsa dysfunctions tsa corticostriatal functionuits circuits le IAD li ne li ke ke tsa arajoa thutong ena. Lithuto tsa nako e tlang li lokela ho leka ho tseba likamano tsa causal pakeng tsa IAD le litsela tse sebetsang tsa corticostriatal.
fihlela qeto e
Ka kakaretso, re sebelisitse tlhahlobo-leseling ea FC ea ho phomola ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa sebopeho sa tšebetso ea corticostriatal ho bacha ba IAD. Liphetho li bonts'a hore IAD e bonts'oa ke ho senyeha hoa lipotoloho tse sebetsang tsa corticostriatal tse kenyelletsang tšebetso ea maiketsetso le maikutlo, le taolo ea kelello. Liphumano li fana ka maikutlo a hore IAD e ka arolelana mekhoa ea kelello le ea neural ka mefuta e meng ea taolo ea khatello ea tšusumetso le bokhoba ba lithethefatsi. Ntle le moo, litloaelano lipakeng tsa matla a kopaneng a lipotoloho tsa corticostriatal le mekhoa ea boits'oaro li bonts'a hore lipotoloho tsa corticostriatal li ka sebetsa e le sepheo se secha sa kalafo bakeng sa IAD, le corticostriatal FC e kanna ea ba bohlokoa ho fana ka tlhaiso-leseling mabapi le ho ruruha ha IAD. Liphetho tsa rona li bonts'a hore Cape-corticostriatal FC e sa tloaelehang e ka sebetsa e le Ka vivo biomarker bakeng sa ho etsa liteko tse ncha tse ka sebelisang tšebeliso ea litheko tsa inthanete.
Menehelo ea Mongoli
FL, YZ, YD, JX le HL ba ne ba ikarabella molemong oa thuto le moralo. YZ, LQ le ZZ li kentse letsoho ho fumana datha. FL e thusitse ka tlhaiso-leseling ya data le ho toloka lintho tse fumanoeng. FL o qopile mongolo. FL le HL li fane ka ntlafatso e ntlafalitsoeng ea buka e ngotsoeng ka letsoho bakeng sa litaba tsa bohlokoa tsa mahlale. Bangoli bohle ba ile ba lekola ka hloko se ngotsoeng le ho amohela mofuta oa ho qetela oa phatlalatso.
dithuso tsa ditjhelete
Mosebetsi ona o ne o tšehelitsoe hanyane ke Lenaneo la Naha la Patlisiso ea Motheo la China (Lenaneo la 973) Grant No. 2011CB707802, le Natural Science Foundation of China (Nom. 21221064, 81171302 le 81171325), le Grant ea Lenaneo la Naha la R&D ea No.
Tlhōlisano ea Tlhaloso
Bangoli ba bolela hore lipatlisiso li ne li etsoa ka ho se be le likamano leha e le life tsa khoebo kapa tsa lichelete tse ka nkoang e le khohlano e ka 'nang ea e-ba le thahasello.
Mongolo o botlaaseng ba leqephe
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Mantsoe a bohlokoa: lipotoloho tsa corticostriatal, khokahano e sebetsang, ts'ebetso ea ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang, mehato ea neuropsychological, fMRI ea boemo ba phomolo
Caring: Lin F, Zhou Y, Du Y, Zhao Z, Qin L, Xu J le Lei H (2015) li-circort tsa tšebetso tse sebetsang tsa li-corticostriatal tsa bongoaneng li na le bothata ba ho lemalla ho lemalla ho sebelisa Inthanete. Ka pele. Hum. Neurosci. 9: 356. Doi: 10.3389 / fnhum.2015.00356
E amohetse: 20 November 2014; E amohetsoe: 02 June 2015;
E phatlalalitsoe marang-rang: 16 June 2015.
E hlophisitsoeng ke:
Charlotte A. Boettiger, Univesithi ea North Carolina, USA
Hlahloba by:
Carol Greek, Univesithi ea Colorado State, USA
Sheng Zhang, Univesithi ea Yale, USA
Copyright © 2015 Lin, Zhou, Du, Zhao, Qin, Xu le Lei. Ena ke sengoloa se bulehileng se fihletsoeng ka tlase ho License ea Boikarabelo ba Creative Commons (CC BY). Ts'ebeliso, ho tsamaisoa le ho hlahisoa hape liforong tse ling li lumeletsoe, ha feela ho ngolisitsoe sengoli kapa bangoli ba pele le lengolo la tumello le hore sengoloa sa mantlha koranteng ena se boletsoe, ho latela tloaelo e amohetsoeng ea thuto. Ha ho ts'ebeliso, ho tsamaisoa kapa ho hlahisoa hape hoa lumelloa ho sa lumellaneng le lipehelo tsena.
* Litaba: Hao Lei, Setsi sa Naha sa Magnetic Resonance e Wuhan, State Key Laboratory ea Magnetic Resonance le Atomic le Moleics Fiziks, Wuhan Setsi sa Fisiks le Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Science, West No. 30 Xiaohongshan, Wuhan 430071, China, [imeile e sirelelitsoe]
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