Li-Correlates tse hlophisitsoeng tsa mekhoa e metle ho bacha ba nang le lipapali tsa ho bapala lipapaling tsa Inthanete (2016)

Front Hum Neurosci. 2016; 10: 4.

E hatisitsoe Inthaneteng 2016 Jan 28. doi:  10.3389 / fnhum.2016.00004

PMCID: PMC4729938

 

inahaneloang

Boithuto ba morao-rao bo supile hore bothateng ba lipapali tsa inthanete (IGD) bo ne bo amahanngoa le ho qhekelloa le tlhekefetso ea sebopeho litabeng tsa bohlooho ba botala (GM). Leha ho le joalo, ha ho na lipatlisiso tsa morphometric tse ileng tsa hlahloba kamano pakeng tsa GM le ho hloka matla ho batho ba IGD. Thutong ena, bacha ba 25 ba nang le IGD le 27 li-taolo tse phetseng hantle (HCs) ba ile ba hloaetsoa hape, mme kamano pakeng tsa Barratt impulsiveness wadogo-11 (BIS) lintlha le lintlha tsa bohloekisi (GMV) e ile ea hlahlojoa ka tokiso ea voxel-based morphometric (VBM) tshekatsheko. Ebe liphapang tsa kopanyo pakeng tsa lintlha tsa BIS le GMV li ile tsa lekoa ho li-voxels tsohle tsa GM. Liphetho tsa rona li bonts'itse hore lihokelo pakeng tsa lintlha tsa BIS le GMV ea dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), insula ea mahlakore a mabeli le orbitof Pambal cortex (OFC), amygdala e nepahetseng le gus ea fusiform e letšehali e fokotsehile sehlopheng sa IGD ha se bapisoa le li-HC. Tlhahlobo ea Region-of-interest (ROI) e senoletse hore GMV lihlopheng tsena tsohle e bonts'itse likamano tse ntle tsa boleng bo nang le lintlha tsa BIS ho li-HC, ha ho sa lumellanoe ka bohlokoa ho sehlopha sa IGD. Liphumano tsa rona li bonts'itse hore ho se sebetse hantle ha libaka tsena tsa boko tse kentsoeng tšebetsong ea boitšoaro, ho tsepamisa maikutlo le taolo ea maikutlo ho ka kenya letsoho ho bakang mathata a taolo ho bacha ba IGD.

Keywords: marang-rang a lipapali tsa marang-rang, khatello ea maikutlo, bosholu ba litaba, bohlooho ba litaba tse tsoekere, vophel-based morphometry, young

Selelekela

Bokhoba ba marang-rang ke tšoenyeho e ntseng e hola ka potlako lefats'eng mme e amana le mathata a mangata a kelello (Ko et al., ). Monyane () tlhatlhobo e hlalositsoeng ea lithethefatsi tsa inthanete, ho kenyelletsoa le lipapatso tsa lipapali tsa inthanete (IGD), e le bothata ba taolo ea tšusumetso. Boithuto ba pele bo hlokometse hore lithuto tse nang le ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang li bonts'itse ho phahama ho phahameng ha ho bapisoa le taolo e phetseng hantle (HCs; Cao et al., ; Lee et al., ). Ntle le moo, ho susumetsa ho ile ha boela ha tsebahala ho bolela tlhekefetso ea tšebeliso ea marang-rang lithutong tse telele (Billieux et al., ; Moditjhaba et al., ). Ho feta moo, bacha ba nang le IGD hangata ba bonts'a mathata a taolo ea boitšoaro nakong eo ba etsang mesebetsi e amanang le taolo e phahameng kapa e susumetsang (Cao et al., ; Ko et al., ; Dong et al., , ; Dong et al., ,; Zhou et al., ; Dong le Potenza, ). Ka lebaka la hore boits'oaro bo sa tsotelleng bo ka lebisa ho ho senyeha ho hoholo mesebetsing ea kelello le ea sechaba, joalo ka liteko tsa ho ipolaea le botlokotsebe, hoa hlokahala ho etsa lipatlisiso ka methapo e ka tlase ea bohlasoa bo phahameng ho bacha ba IGD.

Lithuto tse sebetsang tsa neuroimaging (Dong et al., , ,, ; Liu et al., ) e bonts'itse hore lithuto tse nang le IGD li bile le ts'ebetso e fetelletseng ka pele, ka hare, ka sebakanyana le ka parietal cortex ha e bapisoa le li-HC nakong ea ho etsa mesebetsi e amanang le taolo ea tšusumetso, le ts'ebetso e kahare ho cortex ea anterior le ts'ebetso e kopantsoe haholo le nako e nepahetseng ea karabelo ea ts'ebetso le boiphihlelo bo ka tlase ba ho lahleheloa (Dong et al., , ). Liphuputso tse fetileng tsa sebopeho li senotse hore IGD e ne e amahanngoa le tlhekefetso ea sebopeho ka bohlooho ba bohlooho (GM), joalo ka bokhuts'o bo theohileng ba bohlooho ba litaba (GMV) ka pele, cingated, insular, parietal cortex le amygdala, le ho eketseha ha GMV ho temport le parahippocampal cortex (Yuan et al., ; Hong et al., ; Kühn le Gallinat, , ; Kühn et al., ; Letsatsi et al., ; Ko et al., ). Haufinyane tjena, liphuputso tse bokellanang tsa neuroimaging li fuputse li-implates tsa sebopeho mme tsa senola liphumano tse fumanehang lithutong tse phetseng hantle le mathata a mang a amanang le ho hloka matla. Ho lithuto tse phetseng hantle, tse mpe (Boes et al., ; Matsuo et al., ; Schilling et al., , ) kapa e ntle (Gardini et al., ; Schilling et al., ; Cho et al., ) likhokahano li tlalehiloe ka bobeli lipakeng tsa ho kenella le botenya ba GMV / cortical ka pele, libaka tsa nakoana le amygdala. Liphapang tsa bohlokoa lipakeng tsa GMV ho orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) / amygdala le impulsivity li fumanoe hape ho bakuli ba nang le khatello e kholo ea khatello ea maikutlo, bokhoba ba tahi, khatello ea kelello / khatello ea kelello, ho hloka khatello ea maikutlo ka morao-rao, ho hloka taolo ea botho le bokuli bo ferekanyang (Antonucci et al. , ; Tajima-Pozo et al., ). Leha ho le joalo, kamano e pakeng tsa ho kenella le GMV ho bacha ba IGD e ne e sa tsejoe haholo.

Phuputsong ena, re ikemiselitse ho supa likarolo tse fetotsoeng tsa sebopeho sa tšusumetso re sebelisa tlhahlobo ea voxel-based morphometry (VBM) ho bacha ba IGD ha ba bapisoa le li-HC. Bacha ba mashome a mabeli a metso e mehlano ba batona ba lilemong tsa bocha ba IGD le lilemo tsa 27-, le li-HC tse tsamaeang le thuto li ile tsa hloaetsoa mme ho qobelloa ho ile ha hlahlojoa le Barratt impulsiveness wadogo-11 (BIS). Ho hlahloba kamano e teng lipakeng tsa ho ts'oaroa le GMV ho bacha ba IGD ho ka fana ka leseli le lecha ho mekhoa e ka tlase ea bohlasoa ea bohlasoa bo phahameng ho bacha ba IGD.

Lisebelisoa le mekhoa

Lihlooho

Bacha ba mashome a mabeli a metso e mehlano ba batona ba lilemong tsa bocha ba nang le IGD ba ile ba ngolisoa boithuto bona. Ke lithuto tsa banna feela tse ileng tsa hlahlojoa ka lebaka la palo e nyane haholo ea basali ba nang le boiphihlelo ba lipapali tsa inthanete. Mekhoa ea ho kenyelletsoa ea sehlopha sa IGD e ne e le: (i) lithuto tse nang le likarabo tse hlano kapa ho feta tsa "e" ho Little Diagnostic Questionnaire bakeng sa tlatsetso ea inthanete (Bacha, ); (ii) papali ea inthanete e bapalang nako ≥4 h ka letsatsi; le (iii) Palo ea bacha ea 20 ea lintlha tsa bokhoba ba inthanete (IAT) Young50. Bacha ba mashome a mabeli a metso e supileng ba letsohong le letona, ba lilemo tse phahameng le ba tšoanang le thuto ba ile ba hiroa e le li-HC. Mekhoa ea ho kenyelletsa li-HC e kenyelelitse: (ii) papali ea inthanete e bapalang nako ≤2 h ka letsatsi; le (iii) Palo ea bacha ea 20 ea IAT <50. Mekhoa ea ho khetholla lihlopha ka bobeli e ne e le: (i) boteng ba lefu la methapo; (ii) tšebeliso e mpe ea joala kapa lithethefatsi; le (iii) bokuli bofe kapa bofe ba 'mele bo kang hlahala bokong, khatello ea kelello kapa lefu la sethoathoa joalo ka ha ho hlahlojoa ho latela liteko tsa bongaka le litlaleho tsa bongaka. Intelligence Quotient (IQ) ea bankakarolo bohle e ile ea lekoa ho sebelisoa lipalo tse tsoelang pele tsa Rawen tse tsoelang pele. Lintlha tse qaqileng tsa palo ea batho li bontšitsoe ho Tafole Lethathamo1.1. Protocol ea thuto ena e amohetsoe ke Komiti ea Boitšoaro ea Sepetlele sa Bongaka sa Tianjin Medical University, 'me bohle ba neng ba nkile karolo ba ile ba fana ka tumello e ngotsoeng ho latela tataiso ea setheo.

Lethathamo 1 

Litšobotsi tsa morupeluoa bakeng sa sehlopha sa IGD le li-HC.

Tlhahlobo ea Impulsivity

BIS, pampiri ea lipotso ea ho itlhahisa e etselitsoeng ho lekanya ho potlaka (Patton et al., ), e ne e sebelisoa ho lekanya ho ba le seabo ha bohle. Lintho tsohle li ile tsa arajoa ho 4-point Likert-wadogo (Ka seoelo / Ha ho mohla; Nako le nako; Hangata; Hoo e ka bang kamehla / Kamehla). Palo e phahameng e supa ho qhekella ho phahameng.

MRI ea sebopeho

Ho nahana ka MR ho ile ha etsoa ho scan ninemanga ea Nokia 3.0T (Magnetom Verio, Motorola, Erlangen, Germany). T1 e boima ba 'mele ea boima ba T192-e hlophisitsoeng ka mokhoa o potlakileng oa gradient-echo e sebelisitsoe ho fumana letoto la 2000 contiguous sagittal resolution resolution high anatomical na le paramethara e latelang: TR = 2.34 ms, TE = 900 ms, TI = 9 ms, flip angle = 256 °, FOV = 256 mm x 1 mm, bophara ba siling = 256 mm, boholo ba matrix = 256 × XNUMX.

Tlhahlobo ea Voxel-based Morphometry (VBM)

Litšoantšo tsa sebopeho li ile tsa ntlafatsoa ho sebelisoa VBM8-box box1 ea SPM8 (Lefapha la Wellcome of Imaging Neuroscience, London, UK; fumaneha ho http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm/software/spm8 e kentsoe tšebetsong ho MATLAB R2010a (Math Works Inc., Sherborn, MA, USA). Khalemelo ea likarolo tse tharo ea jiometri e entsoe nakong ea kaho ea litšoantšo. Joale, litšoantšo tsa matsoalloa ka bomong tsa bankakarolo kaofela li ile tsa aroloa ka GM, taba e tšoeu, le mokokotlo oa mokokotlo oa mokokotlo, mme likarolo tsa GM li ile tsa hlophisoa ho template ea Montreal Neurological Institute. Kamora moo, likarolo tse tloahelehileng tsa GM li ile tsa ngolisoa ho template e hlahisitsoeng ho tsoa molemong oa bona ka ngodiso ea diffeomorphic anatomical ka exponentiated lie algebra (DARTEL). Litšoantšo tse ngolisitsoeng ka mokhoa o sa lekanyetsoang li ile tsa hlophisoa ka ho arola Jacobian of the warp field ho lokisa katoloso ea lehae kapa khutsufatso. Litšoantšo tsa GM tsa hoqetela tse ntlafalitsoeng li ntlafalitsoe ka khenele ea isotropic Gaussian ea 8 mm e pharaletseng ka bophara ba halofo. Ho khetholla lipikselse tsa tlhahlobo ea lipalo tse fanoeng ke karolo ea GM ka lipalo tse tlase tsa monyetla le lipikselse tse nang le sekoaelo se tlase sa li-anatomical kamora ho tloaela, setšoantšo se bolelang sa GM e tloaelehileng ho tsoa lihloohong tsohle se sebelisitsoe ho theha mask oa GM, eo monyako oa eona e neng e le e behiloe ka boleng ba 0.30 (li-pixels tse nang le likhakanyo tsa likaroloana tsa GM> 30% li khethiloe) ebe li sebelisoa e le mask e hlakileng bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea lipalo.

Tlhahlobo ea Litekanyetso

Phapang e pakeng tsa sehlopha, thuto, IQ, nako ea papali ea inthanete (lihora / letsatsi), lintlha tsa IAT le lintlha tsa BIS li bapisoa ho sebelisoa sampole ea makhetlo a mabeli. t-Test ho SPSS 18.0 le boemo ba bohlokoa bo thehiloe ho p <0.05.

Ho tšoaea haeba khokahano lipakeng tsa GMV le lintlha tsa BIS li fapane lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsena tse peli, re hlahisitse mohlala oa mantlha o nkang GMV e le phapang e ikemetseng, le sehlopha (HCs vs. IGD), lintlha tsa BIS le tšebelisano ea bona e le mefuta e ikemetseng e ikemetseng le lilemo tse fapaneng le maemo a fapa-fapaneng (Giedd and Rapoport, ). Palo ea BIS ea thuto ka 'ngoe e ne e nyenyefalitsoe sehlopheng ka seng pele e kena mohlaleng oa GLM. Paramente (eo hape e bitsoang regression coeffnty) lipakeng tsa GMV le BIS palo ea sehlopha ka seng sa voxel e ngoe le e 'ngoe e hakantsoe,' me li-coefficients tsa regression tse lipakeng tsa sehlopha sa HC le IGD li ne li bapisoa li sebelisa t-etona. Ka lebaka la hore boithuto ba rona ke lipatlisiso tse hlahlobang 'me bo kenyelletsa sampole e nyane ea sampole, moelelo oa bohlokoa bo sa reroang (o sa lokang p <0.005; boholo ba sehlopha> li-voxels tse 200) li sebelisitsoe mona.

Li-lihlopha tse nang le li -wano tse fetotsoeng lipakeng tsa GMV le BIS lintlha ho bacha ba IGD li hlalositsoe e le libaka tse khahlisang (ROI). Karolelano ea li-GMV ho ROI li ile tsa tlosoa mme khokahano pakeng tsa GMV e tloaelehileng ea lintlha tsena tsa ROI le lintlha tsa BIS li ile tsa lekoa hape ho sebelisoa tlhahlobo ea pearson mabapi le SPSS 18.0. Li-intergroup tse bohlale tsa ROI tse bapisoang le li-GMV tse akaretsang tsa li-ROI tsena li ile tsa etsoa ho sebelisoa mehlala e 'meli t-etona. Boemo ba bohlokoa bo thehiloe ho p <0.05.

Results

Liphetho tsa Palo ea Baahi

Ho ne ho se na phapang e kholo ea sehlopha sa thuto, le thuto le IQ. Nako ea ho bapala papaling ea inthanete (lihora / letsatsi), lintlha tsa IAT le BIS li ne li phahame haholo sehlopheng sa IGD ho feta ho li-HCs (Tafole (Tafole11).

Liphetho tsa kamano ea Voxel-Wise

Tlhahlobo ea "voxel -llllelation ea bohlale" e bonts'a hore ha ho bapisoa le li-HC, bacha ba IGD ba ne ba e-na le kamano e tlase pakeng tsa lintlha tsa BIS le GMV ka letsohong le letona la dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), bilioneal OFC / insula, amygdala le letšehali le fusiform cortex (e sa nepahalang. p <0.005; boholo ba lesihla> li-voxels tse 200; Tafole Lethathamo2,2, Setšoantšo Figure11).

Lethathamo 2 

Melao e bonts'ang litekanyetso tse fokotsehileng tsa ho qhekella ho batjha le IGD ha ho bapisoa le li-HC.
Setšoantšo sa 1 

Libaka tsa methapo e bonts'ang li fokotsehile tsa tlhaho ea bohlasoa ho bacha ba IGD ha ba bapisoa le li-HC. (A) dmPFC; (B) le letona la OFC / Insula; (C) ka ho le letšehali OFC / Insula; (D) le letona Amygdala; (E) o siile Fusiform. GMV ea lihlopha tsena kaofela e bontšitse khokahano e ntle ...

Liphetho tsa kamano ea tikoloho-ea-khahleho (ROI)

Tlhahlobo ea amanang le ROI e amanang le ROI e bonts'itse khokahano ea bohlokoa lipakeng tsa GMV ea lihlopha tsena kaofela le lintlha tsa BIS ho li-HC, ha ho sa fumanehe kamano ea bohlokoa sehlopheng sa IGD (Lethathamo (Tafole3,3, Setšoantšo Figure11).

Lethathamo 3 

Litokellano lipakeng tsa GMV ea ROIs le lintlha tsa BIS ho bacha ba IGD le li-HC.

Liphetho tsa Region-Of-Interest (ROI) tsa Gray Mater Volume (GMV)

Ho ne ho se na phapang e kholo ea li-GMV kahare ho dmPFC e nepahetseng, ea machaba ea OFC / insula, amygdala le letona le letšehali la fusiform cortex (Lethala (Tafole44).

Lethathamo 4 

Ho bapisoa ha GMV ka har'a li-ROI lipakeng tsa bacha tsa IGD le li-HC.

Puisano

Phuputsong e teng hona joale, khokahano lipakeng tsa GMV le ho ts'oenyeha ho fumanoe liphuputsong tsa bocha le IGD. Liphetoho tse fetotsoeng lipakeng tsa impulsivity le GMV ho dmPFC e nepahetseng, insula ea machaba / OFC, li-amygdala tse nepahetseng le gurus ea fusiform e letšehali li senotsoe ho bacha ba IGD ha ba bapisoa le li-HC.

Liphuputso tse 'maloa tsa neuroimaging li senotse hore OFC le dmPFC ha ba bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho thibelo ea boitšoaro empa hape ba kentse letsoho taolong ea maikutlo (Horn et al., ; Kringelbach le Rolls, ; Ochsner et al., ; Roll, ; Amodio le Frith, ; Lemogne et al., ). Liphuputso tsa nakong e fetileng tsa FMRI li bonts'itse ts'ebetso ea bohlokoa ea OFC nakong ea thibelo ea likarabo lithutong tse phetseng hantle, tse lumellanang hantle le lintlha tsa tšusumetso (Brown et al., ; Goya-Maldonado et al., ). Bakuli ba nang le ts'oaetso ea joala ba boetse ba bonts'a ts'ebetso e fetotsoeng ts'ebetsong ea OFC nakong ea mosebetsi oa ho emisa, o neng o amahanngoa le taolo e nyane ea ho se tsitsipane le maikutlo a maikutlo (Li et al., ). Phuputso e entsoeng ka Neuroimaging e bonts'itse hore GMV ea dmPFC e na le kamano e ntle ea bohlokoa le ho batla lintho tse ncha tse buang ka tšekamelo ea motho ea ho etsa lintho tse itseng lithutong tse phetseng hantle (Gardini et al., ). Ho boetse ho tlalehiloe hore dmPFC e bonts'itse ts'ebetso e sa tloaelehang nakong ea ho etsa mosebetsi oa kelello o thusitseng ho itaola le ho kenya ts'ebetso ea taolo lithutong le IGD ha li bapisoa le lithuto tse phetseng hantle (Meng et al., ). Ntle le moo, Cho et al. () le Antonucci et al. () e tlaleha hore GMV ea dmPFC le OFC e hokahane hantle le lintlha tsa BIS lithutong tse phetseng hantle le sehlopha sa bareki ba sa sebetseng ka kelello, ka ho latellana. Tumellanong le lithuto tsena, boithuto ba rona bo boetse bo senotse khokahano e nepahetseng lipakeng tsa BIS lintlha le GMV ea dmPFC e nepahetseng le OFC e ikhethileng ea li-HC. Leha ho le joalo, ha ho khokahano ea bohlokoa e fumanoeng lipakeng tsa ho kenella le GMV ea dmPFC e nepahetseng le OFC e ikhethileng ho bacha ba IGD. Liphetho tsena li hlakisitse hore khatello e phahameng ho bacha ba IGD e ne e amana le ts'ebetso kapa liphetoho tsa sebopeho ho dmPFC le OFC tse kenyellelitsoeng mokhoeng oa boitšoaro le taolo ea maikutlo.

Thutong ea rona, karolo e kopaneng ea bonngoe e bonts'itse liphetoho tse amanang le morphological le ho qobella ho sehlopha sa IGD. Insula ke ea marang-rang a salience (Di Martino et al., ; Menon le Uddin, ; Cauda et al., ; Deen et al., ; Menon, ) 'me e bohlokoa taolong e phahameng ea taolo ea kutloisiso le ts'ebetso ea tlhokomelo (Menon le Uddin, ; Sharp et al., ). Horn et al. () e tlaleha hore tšenyo ea tšusumetso ea tšusumetso e entsoe hantle le ts'ebetso ea ts'usumetso ea lithuto tse phetseng hantle. Ts'ebetso ea bohlokoa ea ts'ebetso ea insula e boetse e fumanoe ho batho ba nang le IGD nakong ea ho etsa mesebetsi e hlokolosi ha e bapisoa le lithuto tse phetseng hantle (Dong et al., ; Dong le Potenza, ). Ho feta moo, tlhahlobo e sebetsang ea khokahano e bonts'itse hore setsi sa polokelo se bonts'itse ts'ebetso e kopanetsweng ea libaka tsa boko (ho kenyeletsa le cortex ea anterior, setamen, gyrus e hlakileng, sebaka sa pele le sa likoloi tse tlatsetsang) tse neng li kentse letsoho boikhethong le taolo ea motsamao lithutong tsa IGD (Zhang et al., ). Liphetho tsena li bonts'itse hore marang-rang a sa sebetseng hantle a ka ba le karolo ho phelisong ea taolo ea kelello le ts'ebetso ea tlhokomelo, e lebisitseng ho tsitsinyeho e phahameng lithutong tsa IGD.

Thutong ena, lihokelo tse fetotsoeng tsa sebopeho ho impulivity li fumanoe ho amygdala e nepahetseng le fusifera ea letsoho le letšehali ho bacha ba IGD. Amygdala e ne e le sebaka se tebileng sa ho laola taolo e amanang le maikutlo le boitšoaro ba maikutlo / bochaba (Cisler le Olatunji, ; Gabard-Durnam et al., ). Ntle le moo, amygdala hape e ne e le karolo ea bohlokoa ea neural substrate bakeng sa taolo ea tšusumetso ho bakuli ba nang le tlhekefetso ea lithethefatsi (Hill et al., ). Phuputso ea morao-rao e bonts'itse hore letsoalo la GM la "amygdala" le fokotsehile le ho hokahana pakeng tsa preortal cortex / insula le amygdala e eketsehang ho batho ba IGD, e ka emelang maikutlo a bona a maikutlo (Ko et al., ). Ntle le moo, "gus" ea fusiform e kenella haholo ts'ebetsong ea maikutlo a sefahleho mme e bohlokoa hape ho ts'ebetsong maikutlo (Weiner et al., ). Ha ho kopantsoe hammoho, hoa utloahala ho tiisa hore melaoana e fetotsoeng ea maikutlo e ka kenya letsoho ho phahame ho hoholo ha bacha ba IGD.

Thutong ea rona, lihokelo tse ntle pakeng tsa ho qhekella le GMV ho li-HC li kanna tsa amana le tlatsetso e matla ea libaka tsena tsa boko ho taolo e sa tsamaeeng. Batho ba nang le ts'usumetso e phahameng ba hloka ho etsa boiteko bo eketsehileng ba ho laola boitšoaro ba bona, hape e le karabelo ea phello ea 'mele (Cho et al., ), GMV ea libaka tsa boko tse amanang le taolo ea ts'usumetso e eketsehile. Ho fapana le li-HCs, ha ho tumellano ea bohlokoa e fumanoeng ho bacha ba IGD, e ka hlalosoang e le mokhoa o qobelloang o kopang li-HC ha o hlahisoe lilemong tsa bocha ba IGD. Leha ho le joalo, ho lokela ho boleloa hore ha ho na phapang e kholo ea ho kenella ho GMV ea dmPFC e ikemetseng ,CC / insula, amygdala le letšehali le fusiform cortex e ka letsohong, e ka bonts'a hore bacha ba IGD ba ngolisitseng thutong ea rona ba ne ba ntse ba le sethaleng sa IGD le liphetoho tse neng li hlophisitsoe li ne li tebile haholo hore li ka bonoa ka mokhoa oa VBM. Ntle le moo, ho thata ho tseba hore na likarolo tsa bohlankana tsa IGD li nyametse ka lebaka la ho ntlafala ha sebopeho sa semmuso kapa sekhahla ho IGD ka thuto ena e nkang karolo. Ho ithuta ho nka nako e telele ho ka thusa ho hlakisa taba ena. Meeli e meng hape e lokela ho hlokomeloa thutong ena. Taba ea pele, ha basali ba fokolang kapa lihlopha tse ling tsa lilemo li bonts'a IGD, ke banna ba fokolang feela ba ileng ba ngolisoa thutong ea rona. Liphumano tsa hajoale li lokela ho nkuoa e le tse ikhethang ho banna ba banyenyane ba nang le IGD, mme lithuto tsa nako e tlang li lokela ho etsoa lithutong tsa basali le lihlopheng tse ling tsa lilemo. Taba ea bobeli, sampole e nyane haholo e lekanyelitse matla a lipalo; Liphetho li lokela ho netefatsoa ke thuto e tsoetseng pele ka sampole e kholo.

Qetellong, likhokahano tse fetotsoeng lipakeng tsa ho kenella le GMV ho dmPFC, OFC, insula, amygdala le fusform ho bacha ba IGD li bonts'itse hore ho thefuleha hoa marang-rang a boko ho kenyelletsoang boits'ebetsong ba boitšoaro, ho tsepamisa maikutlo le ho laola maikutlo ho ka tlatsetsa ho phahameheng ho hoholo ho Bacha ba IGD.

Menehelo ea Mongoli

XD, YY, XL le QZ ba qapile lipatlisiso; XD, XQ, PG, YZ, GD le QZ li entse lipatlisiso; YY, PG e ne e kenelletse tekong ea bongaka; XD, YZ, GD, WQ, le QZ e hlahlobe data; XD, YZ, XL, YY le QZ ba ngotse sengoloa.

Tlhōlisano ea Tlhaloso

Bangoli ba bolela hore lipatlisiso li ne li etsoa ka ho se be le likamano leha e le life tsa khoebo kapa tsa lichelete tse ka nkoang e le khohlano e ka 'nang ea e-ba le thahasello.

lenaane-foko

khutsufalitsoeng

BISBarratt impulsiveness wadogo-11
dmPFCanisotropy
GMtaba e bohlooho
GMVmolumo oa taba e putsoa
Li-HCtaolo e phetseng hantle
IATliteko tsa inthanete
IGDmarang-rang a lipapali tsa lipapali
IQBohlale Quotient
OFCorbitofrontal cortex
Roisebaka sa khahleho
VBMvoxel-based morphometric.

Mongolo o botlaaseng ba leqephe

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