Ho leka-lekanya pakeng tsa khethollo le 'nete bakeng sa Mathata a lipapali: Na boteng ba ts'oaetso ea ho noa joala bo nyenyefatsa batho ba noang hantle kapa ba sitisa lipatlisiso tsa saense? (2017)

Maikutlo mabapi le "pampiri ea lipuisano e bulehileng ea Scholars mabapi le kopo ea World Health Organisation ICD-11 Gaming Disorder"

J Behav Addict. 2017 Aug 17: 1-4. doi: 10.1556 / 2006.6.2017.047.

Lee SY1, Choo H2, Lee HK1.

inahaneloang

Ho kenyelletsoa ha mekhoa ea Gaming Disorder (GD) ho 11th Revision of the International Classization of Diseases (ICD-11) moralo oa beta o sa tsoa qosoa, 'me ho ile ha etsoa lebaka la ho tlosoa ha eona ho “qoba tšenyo ea lisebelisoa tsa sechaba.” Leha ho le joalo, polelo tsena tse thetsang ho lumeloa hore li thehiloe tlasa khakanyo ea bothata bona bo ntseng bo hola ka mehla. Lipolelo tse joalo li ka beha bophelo bo botle ba sechaba kotsing le boiketlo ba kelello le batho ba amehileng. Kahoo, botebo ba bothata bo ile ba totobatsoa hakhutšoanyane pampiring ea rona ea karabelo. Re fane ka setšoantšo se akaretsang sa hore na lipuisano tsa mofuta ona li hlahisitsoe joang tikolohong ea rona. Ntle le moo, re ile ra sebetsana le mabaka a entseng lipatlisiso le litokelo tsa bana. Qoso ea hore GD e fana ka litšusumetso tse mpe tokolohong ea bana ebile e sotla libapali tse phetseng hantle e ka hlaha ho tumelo ea leshano ea hore mecha ea phatlalatso ena e ncha ha e na leeme kapa ha e lemale. Lipolelo tse joalo li kanna tsa ba 'nete ho tse ling, empa eseng ho tsohle. Ho hloka boikemisetso ho amohela matla a ho lemalla a papali, le ho tsitlallela ho alafa GD joalo ka bothata ba motho ka mong, ho re hopotsa mehla eo bokhoba ba joala bo neng bo talingoa e le bothata ba botho. Maikutlo ana a kotsi a amme batho ba leng kotsing e kholo ea bophelo bo botle 'me a ba nyenyefatsa. Ho hlophisoa ha lefu lena ho boetse ho lebelletsoe ho thusa ho emeng ka lipatlisiso le kalafo tšimong. Ho kenyelletsoa ha GD ho ICD-11 e tlang ke bohato bo ikarabellang tseleng e nepahetseng.

Keywords: Mathata a Papali ea Lipapali, ICD-11, ho hlahlojoa, boitšoaro ba ho lemalla boitšoaro, Papatso ea papali ea inthanete

Selelekela

Pampiri ea ngangisano ea Aarseth et al. (2016) a pheha khang ea hore kenyelletso ea Gaming Disorder (GD) ho 11th Revision of the International Classization of Diseases (ICD-11) e tla baka “kotsi e kholo ho feta e ntle” e tsosa matšoenyeho a mangata. Bangoli ba bonahala ba hlokomoloha likotsi tsa papali ea pathological ka polelo e se nang motheo ea hore "ho ka ba thata ho fumana bakuli." Ho fapana le hoo, palo ea batho ba nang le mathata a lipapali e ntse e eketseha ka sekhahla (Korea Setsi sa Lintho Tse Phelang sa Korea, 2016). Leha likotsi tsa GD e se e le tsebo e atileng tšimong, re ka rata ho rarolla bothata bona hape hakhutšoanyane.

Taba ea bobeli, re tla tšohla litaba tsa lipatlisiso tse amanang le tokiso ea GD.

Qetellong, re tla tšohla litaba tse mabapi le "ho tšoenyeha ka boitšoaro," sekhobo, kapa "litokelo tsa bana" (Aarseth et al., 2016). Boiphihlelo ba rona Korea, moo mathata a lipapali tsa marang-rang a atileng haholo, a tla arolelanoa.

Liphetho tse kotsi tsa gd li hlakile ebile ha lia lokela ho fetoloa

E 'ngoe ea litlhahlobo tse hlahisitsoeng ke Aarseth et al. (2016) mabapi le tsebo ea hajoale ea lipatlisiso ke hore boholo ba bothata ha bo hlake. Karabelo ea rona ntlheng ena e nyarosang ke "Na taba ee e bohlokoa hakae ho hlophiseng mafu a kelello?" E 'ngoe ea litekanyetso tse matlafatsang tsa papali e nang le mathata, e boletsoeng haufinyane koranteng ea litaba e tsoang The New York Times, o khothalelitse hore "bonyane" 1% ea libapali tsa lipapali li angoa ke GD (Ferguson & Markey, 2017). Peresente ena e lekana le ho ba teng ha schizophrenia. Ka maikutlo a tšoanang, schizophrenia ha ea lokela ho kenyelletsoa ho ICD-11 e le bokuli ba kelello.

Ho ata ha maemo ha ho bolele hore boitšoaro bo ke ke ba bakoa ke ho hloka taolo. Le ha liketsahalo li le 0.3% kapa 1%, bakuli ba tšoaneloa ke kalafo e lekaneng. Boholo ba bothata bo habeli bothateng ba eona bo tebileng. Ho boetse ho na le lintlha tse latelang tšebetsong ea bokuli ba kelello: boholo ba tšenyo ea ts'ebetso ea kelello, ebang pholiso e hloka tlhokomelo ea bongaka, boholo ba litšokelo bophelong ba sechaba, le melemo ea ho fokotsa bothata.

Litlamorao tse mpe tsa GD ho bophelo bo botle ba 'mele li ka kenyelletsa botenya ka lebaka la ho se sebetse, ho shoa ka lebaka la lefu le tebileng la vein, kapa kotsi e eketsehileng ea likotsi (Ayers et al., 2016; Hull, Draghici, & Sargent, 2012; Lee, 2004; Metsi a Vandew, Shim, & Caplovitz, 2004). Ho bapala lipapali tse ngata hape ho na le likotsi bophelong ba kelello le ba kelello. Ho ka lebisa ho fokotseheng ha boroko le ts'ebetso ea motšeare, ho eketseha ha likhohlano tsa lelapa, ho se ts'oenyehe, khatello ea maikutlo, kotsi ea ho ipolaea, le litaba tse ling tse amanang le tsona (Achab et al., 2011; Molichaba et al., 2011; Messias, Castro, Saini, Usman, & Peeples, 2011; Wei, Chen, Huang, & Bai, 2012; Weinstein le Weizman, 2012).

Ha ho joalo feela ka kotsi ea GD ho bophelo bo botle empa, ha mathata a papali a sa rarolloe hantle, GD e kanna ea baka tahlehelo e kholo ea menyetla ea kamoso e amanang le nts'etsopele ea mosebetsi kapa ntlafatso ea motho. Haholo-holo, bana ba anngoeng ke koluoa ​​ba kanna ba se ntlafatse bokhoni ba bona bo felletseng ka lebaka la ho lahleheloa ke menyetla ea ho ithuta le ho ntlafatsa mahlale a bohlokoa.

Re nahana hore mabaka a bangoli a hore tokiso ea GD e tla hlakola bolokolohi ba bana le ho tiisa tsitsipano lipakeng tsa bana le batsoali e fana ka maikutlo a hore papali ke taba ea bana feela (Aarseth et al., 2016). Leha ho le joalo, lilemo tse tloaelehileng tsa libapali le bareki ba tloaetseng ho bapala lipapali ha e le hantle ke 35 le lilemo tsa 38, ka ho latellana (Mokhabiso oa Software oa Boithabiso, 2016). Ka hona, mathata a lipapali ha a felle feela ho bana le lilemong tsa bocha.

Boemo Korea Boroa bo bontša hore mathata a papali ea chelete ha a felle feela ho bana le lilemong tsa bocha empa a ama le batsoali. Hoo e batlang e le lefu le leng le le leng la tlhekefetso ea bana le tšoaroang ke litaba tsa 2016 le ne le ama batsoali ba lemaletseng lipapali. Ba ne ba hlokomolohile karolo ea bona joaloka batsoali molemong oa papali, mme ba otla bana ba bona ka lebaka la ho kenella (Kim, 2016). Ha re nahana ka phello e ntseng e eketseha ea lipapali tsa marang-rang le tsa selefouno ho potoloha lefatše (Mokhabiso oa Software oa Boithabiso, 2016; Korea Setsi sa Lintho Tse Phelang sa Korea, 2015), mathata ana ha a felle feela Asia Bochabela.

Litaba tsa tumellano lipatlisisong: lebaka le eketsehileng la ho theha mekhoa e ts'oanang

Bohloeki bo boholo bo phetoang hohle pampiring bo hatisa ho haella ha tlhaiso-leseling ea kliniki le tumellano mabapi le GD. Re boetse re lumela hore tsena ke meeli e meholo ea lipatlisiso tse seng li ntse li le teng. Ka mokhoa o itseng, leha ho le joalo, boteng ba data ea bongaka bo totobatsa bohlokoa ba tumellano. Ntle le ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea tlhahlobo ea mafu, ho ka khonahala joang ho fumana lisampole tsa bongaka tse hlahlobiloeng ka litekanyetso tse emeng pele? Ts'ebeliso ea lits'ebetso tsa GD tse hlahisitsoeng ho ICD-11 e lebelletsoe ho phahamisa boleng bo phahameng ba lipatlisiso ho feta ts'ebeliso ea hona joale ea lisebelisoa tse sa tsotelleng, haholo-holo tse iketselitseng bakeng sa ho lekola libapali tse nang le mathata.

Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo (WHO) o hatella bohlokoa ba ICD-11 ho fana ka "puo e tloaelehileng bakeng sa ho tlaleha le ho hlokomela mafu" (Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo, 2017). Lintlha tsa kliniki tse bokelletsoeng ho tsoa ho "puo e tloaelehileng" li ne li tla lumellana haholo li be li bapisoe ka lihlopha le lilemo tse fapaneng, ka hona, li hlahisa tsebo e tiileng ka bothata bo lipuisanong. Ntle le moo, likhopolo tse ling tse ngata, tse joalo ka bonnete ba taba kapa tse ikhethang tsa taba, li ka sebetsoa ka mokhoa o atlehileng haeba litekanyetso li emisitsoe.

Bopaki bo bokelletsoeng ho tsoa lithutong tse netefatsang bo sebelisa mekhoa ea GD bo ka thusa ho beha litaelo tse ikhethang bakeng sa lithuto tse ncha tsa tlhahlobo. Bopaki bo joalo bo ka re tataisa ka ho hlaka ho hore na sebopeho sa eng le eng e sa hlahiseng motheo oa papali ea mathata. Leha litekanyetso tsa GD tse khothalletsoang ho ICD-11 li sa kenyeletse mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea mamello, ho tlosoa, kapa ho thetsa, joalo ka khatiso ea bohlano ea Buka ea ho hlahloba le ea Statistical ea Mathata a kelello (DSM-5), mokhoa o netefatsang o boetse o na le monyetla oa ho hlakisa mekhoa ea ts'ebeliso e fetelletseng ea ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi le papali ea chelete. Haeba lipatlisiso tse netefatsang li bontša hore liphumano ha li tsamaisane le mohopolo oa tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi le mathata a papali ea chelete, ho ka bolela tlhoko ea lipatlisiso tse hlakileng.

Leha re amohela hore ho tlameha ho ba le lipatlisiso tse ling tse lekolang meeli lipakeng tsa papali e tloaelehileng le ea methapo ka ho qholotsa sebopeho se netefalitsoeng se hlophisitsoeng mabapi le bothata, ho tlameha ho hlakisoe hore mekhoa ea netefatso le ea tlhahlobo-leseling ha e khetholle ka bobeli lipatlisisong. Mekgwa ena e mmedi ya ho sekaseka e ka tataisa lipatlisiso tsa nako e tlang sebakeng sena.

Ho tšaba boitšoaro le tokelo ea bana: tsela eo ngangisano e qalileng ka eona Korea Boroa

Ho ba teng ha letsoalo la boitšoaro ho potoloha papali, eo bangoli ba supileng, e kanna ea sebetsa ho isa tekanyong e itseng, empa ha e netefatsoe. Bopaki bo matla ba ho ba le tšabo ea boitšoaro bo hokae? Ntle le moo, tloaelo ea bothateng bona ha e reretsoe ho fana ka maikutlo a hore libapali li ka ba kotsi feela, kapa hore libapali tsohle ke tsa tlhaho. Haeba batho ba sa utloisise morero ona hampe, menahano e fosahetseng joalo e lokela ho rarolloa ka thuto ea sechaba le liphutuho tsa bophelo bo botle ho e-na le ho thibela semolao. Qeto ea hore na o lahleheloa ke kelello kapa che kapa ho e hlophisa, ha ea lokela ho etsoa ho latela tšabo ea ho ka bua hampe.

Bangoli ba hlokomelisitse hore sistimi e reriloeng e tla supa linyeoe tse ngata haholo tse fosahetseng. Ho fapana le hoo, re amehile ka mohlala oa linyeoe tse fosahetseng. Ntle le mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng oa tlhahlobo ea mafu, bao ba nang le mathata a tebileng a bakoang ke papali ea mathata ba ka tsejoa joang, hona ba ka batla thuso e nepahetseng hokae? Ho ba sieo ha ts'oaetso e nepahetseng ho tla tsoela pele ho beha batho ba amehileng le malapa a bona ka ntle ho ts'ebetso ea bophelo bo botle ba sechaba, ba sa phekoloang le ba se nang thuso.

Ho fapana le hoo, ho bile le mantsoe a matla le a mafolofolo a tsoang indastering ea lipapali ho khahlanong le semmuso le thibelo ea GD. Korea Boroa, mmuso o ile oa qobelloa ho arabela litlhoko tsa bona tse ntseng li hola tsa ho fokotsa litlamorao tse mpe, mme o kenya tšebetsong letoto la melaoana ea ho fokotsa mathata a lipapali. Ho tloha 2006, lipatlisiso tsa naha ka bophara mabapi le mathata a amanang le inthanete li entsoe, empa tsena li sa tsoa koahela ka bokhutšoanyane litaba tsa lipapali. Ho 2011, Korea Creative Contents Agency (KCCA) e ile ea khethoa e le mokhanni oa tlhahlobo ea selemo le selemo ea mathata a lipapali. Leha ho le joalo, kamora ho fana ka tlaleho e le bothata, ke 5.6% feela ea libapali tse bapalang li-average tsa 8 hr / letsatsi, KCCA e ile ea nyatsoa ka ho fokotsa bothata (Lee, Lee, Lee, & Kim, 2017). Pelaelo ea underreport e ile ea matlafatsoa ka lebaka la hore KCCA e hokahane le Lekala la Setso, Lipapali le Bohahlauli, le ikarabellang bakeng sa ho ntšetsa pele indasteri ea lipapali.

Indasteri ea lipapali ke karolo e kholo ea khoebo Korea Boroa; ka hona, Bili ea "Shutdown" e ile ea khona ho fetisa lekhotla la molao feela ka Mmesa 2011 kamora liteko tse ngata tse fetileng (Korea Setsi sa Lintho Tse Phelang sa Korea, 2015). Molao ona o thibela phano ea lits'ebeletso tsa lipapali ho bana ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 16 pakeng tsa bosiu le 6 AM. Molao oa "Shutdown" haufinyane o ile oa tobana le khanyetso e matla ke indasteri ea papali ea lipapali mme boipiletso ba molao-motheo bo ile ba hlahisoa pele ho ts'ebetso ea bona ka November 2011. Molao-motheo oa ketso ena e ncha o ile oa botsoa hore na o hatakela tokoloho ea mosebetsing ea bafani ba lipapali, tokoloho e akaretsang ea boitšoaro ea bana ba tlasa lilemo tsa 16 le litokelo tsa batsoali.

Ho nkile lilemo tse peli le halofo hore lekhotla la molao oa motheo le fihlelle qeto ea hoqetela. Lekhotla le ahlotse tse supileng ho isa ho tse peli hore molao o mocha o tsamaellana le molao oa motheo. E boletse hore papali ea marang-rang ka bonngoe e kanna ea se be molato; leha ho le joalo, ha ho nahanoa ka sekhahla se phahameng sa ts'ebeliso ea Marang-rang har'a bacha, bothata ba ho khaotsa ho ithaopela (ke hore, bokhoba ba papali) ea papali ea inthanete le litlamorao tse mpe tsa bokhoba ba papali, ho lekanyetsa phihlello nakong ea lihora tse boletsoeng bakeng sa bana ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 16 e ne e se tlhekefetso. E boetse e ahlotse hore teka-tekano lipakeng tsa melemo ea molao le tahlehelo e bolokiloe hantle ha ho nahanoa ka bohlokoa ba sechaba ba ho sireletsa bophelo bo botle ba bana le ho thibela nts'etsopele ea bokhoba ba papali ea inthanete (Lee et al., 2017).

Ho 2013, Molao oa Ts'ebetso e Akaretsang ea Tlatsetso ea Tlatsetso, o qobellang le ho ts'ehetsa lits'ebeletso tsa thibelo le taolo bakeng la GD mmoho le papali ea chelete, joala le lintho tse seng molaong. Phuputso e entsoeng har'a batho ba baholo ba 1,000 mathoasong a 2014 e senotse hore 87.2% ea ba hlahlobiloeng ba lumela hore papali ea marang-rang e na le thepa e lemalloang, athe 84.2% e ne e rata bili ena e ncha, ke 12.2% feela e neng e e hanyetsa (Lee & Park, 2014).

Tlhahiso ena e ncha ea molao e boetse ea tsosa khang e kholo ka GD sechabeng sa Korea. YS Lee, eo e leng ngaka ea mafu a kelello, o ngotse lengolo ho moqolotsi oa koranta e kholo ea letsatsi le letsatsi a pheha khang ea hore molao o mocha o "tla nyenyefatsa" bana le bacha hore ke "bokhoba" ba. O boetse a re papali ea chelete le eona e na le likarolo tse ntle, le hore boikitlaetso ba molao bo lokela ho emisoa pele bopaki bo eketsehileng ba mahlale bo bokelletsoe ho tsoa lithutong tse lekanang le tse telele (Lee, 2013). Sengoloa sa Aarseth et al. (2016) a tšoana hantle le mabaka a Lee.

A hlohlellelitsoe ke seo Lee a se bolelang, YC Shin, mopresidente oa Korea Academy of Addiction Psychiatry ka nako eo, o ile a ngola lengolo karabelo ho koranta e le 'ngoe ho hatisa hore sengoloa se fetileng sa Lee e ne e se moemeli oa maikutlo a bongata. O qalile a supa khohlano e sa tsejoeng ea Lee: Lee o ne a ntse a tsamaisa setsi sa kalafo bakeng sa papali, a tšehelitsoe ke Gaming Culture Foundation, e tšehelitsoeng ke indasteri ea lipapali. Shin o boetse a tiisa hore GD ke sesosa se hlakileng sa bophelo bo botle, mme o tiisitse ts'ehetso ea hae ea bili e ncha (Shin, 2013).

Leha ho bile le boiteko bo bongata, bili e ile ea hloleha ho fetisoa. Le ha ho le joalo, indasteri ea lipapali e ntse e ngolisa boiteko ba eona ba ho thibela metsamao efe kapa efe ea molao e hatakelang lithahasello tsa bona. BK Kim, mopresidente oa mehleng oa k'hamphani ea papali e hlahisitseng tlaleho ea pele ea lefats'e ka lefu la lipapali ka lipapali (Lee, 2004), haufinyane e bile moetsi oa molao mme a hlahisa boikemisetso ba hae ba ho felisa melaoana ea papali (Lee, 2016).

Le ha ho ka ba le likhathatso tse mpe tse tsoang tokollong ea GD li ke keng tsa hlakoloa ka botlalo, re bona monyetla o moholo oa melemo ea sechaba ka lebaka la morero ona. Mohlala, sechaba ka kakaretso se tla khona ho fumana mohloli o tšepahalang oa tlhahisoleseling mabapi le papali e thata. Nakong e fetileng, lihora tse telele tsa ho bapala li ne li bapisoa le bokhoba ba papali ea papali ke sechaba, mme ba anngoeng ke papali ea mathata ba ne ba atisa ho fetisetsoa ho bapalami kapa esita le bao e seng litsebi bakeng sa litšebeletso tsa tšehetso. Ka lebaka la tlhaiso-leseling e sa lumellaneng le phoso e fosahetseng, pherekano le tšabo e sa utloahaleng mabapi le papali le eona e holile. Kahoo, ho hlophisoa hantle ha GD ho ka ba ha fokotsa "letsoalo la boitšoaro."

Qetellong, re tseba ka botlalo le ho hlompha litokelo tsa bana. Kenyelletso ea sistimi e hlophisitsoeng e ka thusa ho fana ka thuto e hlophisehileng haholoanyane mabapi le papali e phetseng hantle, bonyane kaha ke sehlahisoa sa ho hlakisa bopaki bo fumanehang ba saense. "Likampo tsa ho lemalla papali ea lipapali," tse boletsoeng e le nyeoe e feteletseng ea tlolo ea litokelo tsa bana, li tlalehoa China mme li etsoa ke bao e seng litsebi. Ha re lumele hore ICD-11 semmuso e tla lebisa lichaba tse ling ho latela mohlala o feteletseng oa China. Ho fapana le hoo, ho ka lebisa phokotsong ea tlolo ea litokelo tsa bana ka ho khothaletsa tlhokomelo e hlophisitsoeng. Ka ho hlophisoa ha bothateng ke ba boholong ba amohelehang machabeng joaloka WHO, mehlala ea kalafo e sa lokang e tla felisoa butle-butle, hobane mathata a joalo a ka hlahlojoa le ho laoloa ke litsebi tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle molemong oa bakuli.

Nahanisisa

Phehisano ka GD ha e na ho raroloha haufinyane, haholoholo ha ho na le lihlopha tse ngata tse khahlang tse amehang makasineng ena. Leha ho le joalo, liteko leha e le life tsa ho nyenyefatsa kapa ho hana mathata a lipapali li phahamisa matšoenyeho a tebileng ho tsoa ho bophelo ba sechaba le litekanyetso tsa boitšoaro. Boiteko ba ho beha mathata a lipapali papaling ea likhohlano pakeng tsa batsoali le bana e se e le leqheka le atlehileng ho fetisisa la indasteri ea lipapali. Leha ho le joalo, "likhohlano tsa likhetho" le "stigmatization" ha se litaba tse amanang haholo le GD. Liphehisano tseo li rarolla bothata ba mantlha, bo amang litlamorao tse mpe tsa GD tse hlokang karabelo e potlakileng ho litho tse ikarabellang tsa sechaba.

Re lumellana le maikutlo a hore libapali tse ngata li phetse hantle 'me li thabela ho bapala papali ea boithabiso e le boithabiso. Leha ho le joalo, sena ha se se etsahalang bakeng sa sebapali se seng le se seng sa lipapali. Ho hana ho lumela menyetla e hlakileng ea papali ea papali, le kalafo ea GD e le bothata bo ikemetseng, ho re hopotsa nako eo bokhoba ba tahi bo neng bo nkuoa e le "bothata ba botho." Maikutlo ana a ke ke a thusa batho ba hlokang, empa kenya letsoho feela ho sekhobo sa hore libapali tse se nang bophelo ke "lits'ila" ka lebaka la phoso ea motho. Re lumela hore WHO e nka mohato o nepahetseng ka nako le ka boikarabello tseleng e nepahetseng.

Menehelo ea bangoli

S-YL e qopile mongolo o ngotsoeng; HC le eona e bile le karolo e kholo ho qaleng; HKL e ntlafalitse mohopolo mme e hlokometsoe.

Khohlano ea thahasello

Bangoli ba phatlalatsa hore ha ho na likhohlano tsa thahasello.

References:

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