Gen Psychiatr. 2019; 32 (3): e100086.
E hatisitsoe Inthaneteng 2019 Jul 9. doi: 10.1136 / gpsych-2019-100086
PMCID: PMC6629377
PMID: 31360912
Ho latela liphetho tsa liphuputso tse ngata le lipuisano tse entsoeng ke lihlopha tsa litsebi tse hlophisitsoeng ke WHO, bothata ba lipapali bo bonoa e le bothata ba kelello mme bo thathamisitsoe khaolong ea likhathatso tsa kelello, boits'oaro le methapo ea methapo methapong e sa tsoa lokolloa ea Classified ea Mafu, 11th Version ( ICD-11).1 Boloetse ba lipapali, bothata ba papali ea chelete le tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi ke karolo ea lefu lena la kelello. Phetoho ena e tla thusa ho ntlafatsa tlhokomeliso ea sechaba le kutloisiso ea bothata ba lipapali. Ho sa le joalo, e tla khothaletsa lipatlisiso tse amanang le eona le ho nts'etsapele lipatlisiso tsa mahlale le tse sebetsang ka sepheo sa phokotso ea litlamorao tse mpe.
Litšobotsi tsa kliniki tsa lefu la lipapali
Litataiso tse hlahisitsoeng tsa tlhahlobo ea mafu a lipapali ho ICD-11 li thathamisitsoe ka tsela e latelang: (1) mokhoa oa ho phehella kapa oa morao-rao oa bo-ralitaba ('papali ea dijithale' kapa 'video-papali ea video'), e ka bang boholo ba inthanete (ke hore marang-rang kapa marang-rang a tšoanang a elektroniki) kapa a kantle ho marang-rang, a bonahatsoang ke lintho tse latelang: taolo e senyehileng holim'a boitšoaro ba papali (ke ho re, ho qala, khafetsa, matla, nako, phetiso, moelelo); ho eketsa pele ho fanoa ho papali ho isa moo papali e tlang pele ho lithahasello tse ling tsa bophelo le mesebetsi ea letsatsi le letsatsi; le ho tswela pele kapa ho nyoloha ha papali le ha ho na le litlamorao tse mpe (mohlala, khaello ea likamano khafetsa, litlamorao tsa mosebetsi kapa thuto, litlamorao tse mpe ho bophelo bo botle); (2) sebopeho sa boitšoaro ba papali e ka ba se tsoelang pele kapa sa liketsahalo le se etsahalang khafetsa, empa se bonahatsoa ka nako e telele (mohlala, likhoeli tsa 12); (3) mokhoa oa papali ea papali o fella ka mahlomola a maholo kapa ho senyeha hoa bohlokoa lithutong tsa hae tsa lelapa, tsa sechaba, tsa thuto, tsa mosebetsi kapa tse ling tsa bohlokoa tsa ts'ebetso.
Lintlha tse amanang le litlamorao tse mpe tsa bothateng ba lipapali
Boithuto bo fumane hore boloetse ba lipapali bo hlahisa litšobotsi tse tšoanang tsa kliniki le phetoho ea mokokotlo oa boko joalo ka ts'ebeliso ea thepa.2 Boloetse ba lipapali bo na le letoto la mathata a bophelo, a kelello le a lelapa.3 4 Tšusumetso ho bophelo bo botle ba 'mele e amana haholo le bophelo bo seng kotsi ba libapali tsa lipapali. Ba ipabola papaling ea letsatsi, ba phela bophelo bo sa khaotseng, ba sa ikoetlise 'meleng' me bophelo ba bona bo ntse bo fokotseha. Batho ba bangata ba nang le bothata ba lipapali, ba lemaletse lipapali ka lebaka la mathata a mangata a kelello kapa a lelapa, 'me bothata ba lipapali bo mpefatsa mathata a bona a kelello. Maemong a tebileng, ba ka ba le khatello ea maikutlo, ho tšoenyeha esita le mathata a kelello, a amang ka ho teba thuto ea bona e tloaelehileng, mesebetsi ea lelapa le ea sechaba. Bacha ba bangata ba tlohela sekolo ka lebaka la bothata ba lipapali.5 6 Boloetse ba lipapali le bona bo ferekana le mathata a mangata a kelello, mme bo ama ho hlaha hoa lona le nts'etsopele ka bobeli.
Kaha ho hlaha le nts'etsopele ea bothata ba papali ea papali e amana haufi le maemo a motho ka mong a kelello, a lelapa le a sechaba, a amang mesebetsi ea motho ka mong, kelello, lelapa le ts'ebetso ea sechaba, merero e felletseng e kenyeletsang bongaka, kelello, lelapa le ho kenella hoa sechaba ho hlokahala ho thibela le ho fokotsa kotsi tsa bothata ba lipapali.7
Litlhahiso tse tsoang ponong ea sechaba ea bophelo bo botle
Boloetse ba lipapali ke taba ea bophelo bo botle ba sechaba e nang le lintlha tse ngata tse amanang le maemo a kelello, a lelapa le a sechaba. Ho fanoa ka lintlha tse latelang ho thibela ts'ebetso ea papali le ho laola litlamorao tsa eona tse mpe: (1) bacha ke sehlopha se kotsing e kholo bakeng sa bothata ba lipapali 'me e lokela ho ba baahi ba shebiloeng ba mananeo a thibelo. Thibelo e lokela ho etsoa ka kopanelo ke mekhatlo e amanang le eona ho kenyelletsa likolo, batsoali le mekhatlo e amanang le sechaba mme e shebane le ho eketsa tlhokomeliso ea bothateng ba lipapali le bokhoni bo amanang le thibelo. (2) Ho phela hantle maikutlong le ts'ebetso e ntle ea lelapa ke lintho tse sirelletsang ho tsietsing ea lipapali. Mananeo a thibelo a lokela ho shebana le ho ntlafatsa bophelo bo botle ba kelello ba bongoana le bokhoni ba kelello ba ho kenyelletsa puisano pakeng tsa batho, taolo ea maikutlo le bokhoni ba taolo ea khatello ea maikutlo. Ho kenya letsoho ha lelapa ho bohlokoa haholo mme ho lokela ho hatelloa. Sebopeho se phetseng hantle sa lelapa le ts'ebetso, likamano tse ntle tsa lelapa le puisano, hammoho le boiketlo ba kelello ba bacha li thusa ho thibela mafu. (3) Likolo le batsoali ba lokela ho lekola boitšoaro ba lipapali tsa bacha, 'me ho bohlokoa haholo hore ba hlokomeloe le ho kenella pele. Ho hlokahala thuso ea litsebi ho ba nang le mathata a lipapali. (4) Patlisiso e amanang le ena e lokela ho matlafatsoa mme lits'ebeletso tsa kliniki tse tšoanang li lokela ho fanoa bakeng sa mathata a lipapali. Tataiso mabapi le tlhahlobo le kalafo ea maloetse a lipapali li potlakile bakeng sa kalafo e khethehileng le lits'ebeletso tsa pholoso. (5) Mafapha a amanang le mmuso a lokela ho tataisa ho thehwa le melao ho tsoa ponong ea bophelo ba sechaba. Mekha e amanang le eona e kenyelletsa thuto, leshano, bophelo bo botle ba kelello le psychology, hammoho le indasteri ea papali ea papali e lokela ho sebetsa 'moho ho nka malebela a thibelo a kang ho theha mekhoa ea papali ea papali, ho hlokomela boitšoaro ba lipapali, ho theha lisebelisoa tsa boits'oaro bakeng sa bokuli ba lipapali le bopaki ho kena lipakeng.
Biography
Min Zhao, Ph.D & MD, moprofesa oa mafu a kelello le motlatsi oa mopresidente oa Setsi sa bophelo bo botle ba kelello sa Shanghai. Dr. Zhao o nkile karolo lipatlisisong tsa bongaka, tsa ho ruta le tsa mahlale a kelello le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi ho tloha ka 1996. O fumane lithuso tse fetang 20 tsa lipatlisiso tsa naha le tsa machabeng ho tsoa ho WHO le NIH. O phatlalalitse lingoloa tse fetang 200 tse hlahlojoang ke lithaka le libuka tse 6 tse nang le likhaolo tsa libuka tse 30. O sehlopheng sa baphatlalatsi sa likoranta tsa tlhahlobo ea lithaka ho kenyelletsa Addiction le Cochrane Database ea Ts'ebetso ea Ts'ebetso. Ke setho sa sehlopha sa mahlale se sa reroang sa UNODC, hape ke setho sa sehlopha sa boeletsi sa machabeng le FSCG ea ICD-11 ea mafu a kelello, boits'oaro le neurodevelopmental (MBD) mme a etella pele thuto ea tšimo ea ICD-11 MBD Chaena.
phehisa: MZ o ngotse lengolo. WH-bala lengolo le ngotsoeng.
Lithuso: Bangoli ha baa phatlalatsa kabo e khethehileng bakeng sa lipatlisiso tsena ho tsoa ho lefapha lefe kapa lefe la lichelete sechabeng, khoebong kapa bakeng sa phaello.
Provenance le tlhahlobo ea lithaka: Ha ea laeloa; kantle ho lithaka li hlahlojoa.
References
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