Ho fokotsa ho sebetsa ha boko ba bokooa ho bacha ba nang le lithethefatsi tsa inthanete (2013)

PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e57831. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057831.

Hong SB, Zalesky A, Cocchi L, Fornito A, Choi EJ, Kim HH, Suh JE, CD ea Kim, Kim JW, Yi SH.

mohloli o moholo

Setsi sa Melbourne Neuropsychiatry, Lefapha la Psychiatry, Univesithi ea Melbourne le Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Florey Setsi sa Neuroscience le Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Karolo ea Psychiatry ea Bana le Bacha, Lefapha la Psychiatry, K'holejeng ea Bongaka, Seoul University University, Seoul, Rephabliki ea Korea.

inahaneloang

LITLHAHISO:

Internet lemalla ntho e se e amoheloa ka ho fetelletseng e le bothata ba kelello, leha e le hore motheo oa eona oa neurobiological ha o tsejoe. Phuputso ena e sebelisitse neuroimaging e sebetsang ho etsa lipatlisiso mabapi le khokahano ea tšebetso ea bokong bohle ho bacha ba fumanoeng inthanete lemalla ntho. E ipapisitse le liphetoho tsa methapo ea kutlo tse bonoang ho tse ling lemalla ntho mathata a amanang, ho ne ho boletsoe esale pele hore likamano tsa khokahano ho tsa bohlankana le inthanete lemalla ntho e tla hlahella haholo literekeng tsa cortico-striatal.

LITLHAHISO:

Barupeluoa e ne e le bacha ba 12 ba fumanoeng ba inthanete lemalla ntho le lithuto tsa 11 tse ntle tsa ho bapisa. Litšoantšo tsa matla a phomotsang tsa mmuso li ile tsa fumanoa, 'me liphapang tsa lihlopha tsa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea boko li ile tsa hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa lipalo-palo tse thehiloeng marang-rang. Re boetse re hlahlobile topology ea marang-rang, ho leka liphapang pakeng tsa sehlopha ka mehato ea bohlokoa ea marang-rang e thehiloeng ho graph.

LIKOTSO:

Bacha ba nang le inthanete lemalla ntho e bonts'itse ts'ebelletso e kopanetsoeng ea ts'ebetso ea marang-rang e fetisitsoeng. Boholo ba likhokahano tse senyehileng li ne li kenyelletsa lipotoloho tsa cortico-subcortical (∼24% e nang le pele le ∼27% e nang le parietal cortex). Bilateral putamen e ne e le karolo ea boko e sebetsang ka kotloloho ho fetisisa. Ha ho phapano lipakeng tsa sehlopha e ileng ea bonoa mehatong ea topological, ho kenyelletsa le coeffanele e lekanang, bolelele ba tšobotsi kapa tšenyo ea lefatše le lecha.

CONCLUSIONS:

Internet lemalla ntho e amana le ho fokotseha ho pharalletseng le ho fokotseha ho hoholo hoa khokahano e sebetsang ho li-circuits tsa cortico-striatal, ka lebaka la liphetoho tsa lefats'e ho li-topology tsa tšebetso ea boko.

Tlhaloso: Hong SB, Zalesky A, Cocchi L, Fornito A, Choi EJ, et al. (2013) E kopantsoe le ts'ebelisano ea Brain e sebetsang ho Bacha ba nang le Bokhoba ba Marang-rang. PloS ONE 8 (2): e57831. Doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0057831

mohlophisi: Xi-Nian Zuo, Setsi sa Psychology, Setsi sa Mahlale sa Chaena, China

Re amohetse: October 1, 2012; E amohetse: Pherekhong 26, 2013; E phatlalalitsoe: February 25, 2013

Copyright: © 2013 Hong et al. Ena ke sengolo se bulehileng se fihletsoeng tlasa tumellano ea Lichelete ea Tlhahiso ea Creative Commons Attribution, e lumellang tšebeliso e sa thibeloang, phetiso, le tlhahiso hape ka mofuta o mong le o mong, ha feela moqapi oa mantlha le mohloli ba ngoliloe.

Lithuso: Mosebetsi ona o ne o tšehelitsoe ke Letlole la Lipatlisiso tsa Setsi sa Sechaba sa Setso sa Sechaba sa Sebui sa Seoul. SBH e tšehelitsoe ke Setsi sa Naha sa Patlo ea Patlo ea Korea (Lenaneo la Global Internship) le tšehelitsoeng ke 'muso oa Korea. AF e tšehelitsoe ke Lekhotla la Naha la Bophelo le Lipatlisiso tsa Bongaka CJ Martin Fellowship (ID: 454797). Bafani ba lichelete ba ne ba sena karolo morerong oa ho ithuta, ho bokella data le ho hlahlobisisa, qeto ea ho phatlalatsa, kapa ho hlophisa sengoloa.

Lithahasello tse tsitsitseng: Bangoli ba boletse hore ho na le lithahasello tsa tlhōlisano tse teng.

 

Selelekela

Bokhoba ba marang-rang bo 'nile ba amoheloa ka ho eketsehileng sechabeng le sechabeng lefatšeng ka bophara [1], leha e le boemo bo batlang bo le bocha 'me litšobotsi tsa eona tsa kelello le methapo ea kutlo li lula li sa utloisisehe. Liphuputso tsa morao-rao tsa neuroimaging li tlalehile liphetoho tse kholo ts'ebetsong ea boko le sebopeho se amanang le ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi tsa inthanete. Boholo ba lithuto tsena li sebelisitse tšebeliso ea matla a matla a matla a matla a sefahleho (fMRI) nakong ea mesebetsi, 'me li na le likarolo tse tsotehang tsa pele le litekanyo mme ka tekanyo e nyane, parietal le insula cortex [2]-[5]. Ho feta moo, ho sebelisa positron emission tomography (PET), Kim et al. (2011) fumaneha ea "dopamine D2" receptor e fokotsehile. [6], le Hou et al. (2012) o sebelisa mokhoa o le mong oa ho kopitsa lifoto o tsoang ho motho ea nang le bothata ba leqhubu la moea o tsoang ho batho ba baholo ba nang le ts'ebeliso ea inthanete. [7]. Liphumano tsena li lumellana le mefuta ea hona joale ea likhathatso tsa bokhoba ba lithethefatsi, tse sa amaneng feela le bokhoba ba lithethefatsi, empa hape le bokhoba ba boitšoaro (mohlala, papali ea papali ea kelello) e totobatsang thuto ea bophelo ba lefutso [8], hammoho le insula [9], [10]. Lithuto tsa MRI tsa sebopeho ke Zhou et al. (2011) le Yuan et al. (2011) li kopantseng hammoho ho fana ka tlhahiso ea litlolo tse sa tloaelehang literekeng tsa boko ho kenyeletsa le cortex ea pele [11], [12], le thuto ea ho nka litšoantšo ea infusion-tensor ea Lin et al. (2012) e tlaleha litaba tse mpe tse atileng ho ba batjha ka bokhoba ba marang-rang [13]. Qetellong, Liu et al. (2010) e fumane tikoloho e fetotsoeng homogeneity ea ho lemalla inthanete [14], e leng tsebong ea rona re ka fumana fMRI ea naha ea phomolo mangolong a mabapi le bothata bona [15]. Bangoli ba fuputse homogeneity ea nakoana ponong ea mali-O oxygen-Level-Dependent (BOLD) ea voxel e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea li-voxels tsa eona tse haufi tsa 26 ka tsela e bohlale.

FMRI ea phomolo ke mokhoa o mocha oa ho nahana oa ho etsa lipatlisiso mabapi le ho ikamahanya le maemo ho potoloha ha tšebetso ea boko bo sebetsang, rekota e le motho ea robetseng ka sekhukhu ka har'a skena a sa etsa mosebetsi o itseng [16]. Mokhoa ona o fana ka mokhoa o matla oa ho etsa 'mapa o sebetsang hantle [17], [18]. Mehato ea phomolo e ea ts'epahala [19], [20], tlasa taolo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso [21]-[23], le ho nahana ho supa thepa ea bohlokoa ea mokhatlo o sebetsang oa bokong [24], tlas'a mehala e itseng [25]. Hammoho le mahlale a graph theoretic, FMRI ea ho phomola e fana ka mokhoa o matla oa ho fuputsa mokhatlo o moholo oa matla a sebetsang ka bokong le tšitiso ea ona maemong a psychopathological [26].

Thutong ena, re sebelisitse lintlha tsa phomolo ea boemo ba fMRI ho etsa phapang lipakeng tsa khokahano e phethahetseng ea libaka tsa boko tse fapaneng tsa 90 tse fapaneng le tsa bongoana ho batho ba phetseng hantle le bacha ba nang le ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang, re shebana le batho ba kenang papaling e fetisisang ea inthanete har'a li-subtypes tse reriloeng. tsa lefu lena [27]. Re boetse ra etsa tlhahlobo ea liphapang tsa botsitso ba marang-rang [28] ho lekola hore na liphapang tsa pakeng tsa sehlopha le matla a khokahano li kopantsoe hape le ntlafatso ea ts'ebelisano-mmoho ea lefats'e [26], joalo ka ha ho tlalehiloe mafu a mang a mangata a kelello [29], [30].

E ipapisitse le liphetho tse fetileng tsa sebopeho le tšebetsong litheko tsa inthanete [3], [4], [6], [7], [15], hammoho le mehlala ea lithuto tse lemalloang ke lithethefatsi [8], [9], re fane ka maikutlo a hore bacha ba nang le temallo ea inthanete ba tla bonts'a khokahano pakeng tsa libaka pakeng tsa libaka tsa pele le tsa setereke, ka ho nka karolo ho eketsehileng ha parietal cortex le insula.

 

Lisebelisoa le mekhoa

Boitšoaro ba Melao

Boithuto bona bo amohetsoe ke boto ea tlhahlobo ea setheo bakeng sa lithuto tsa batho Univesithing ea Seoul ea Sechaba ea Seoul. Bacha bohle le batsoali ba bona ba ile ba fana ka tumello e ngotsoeng e fanoeng pele ho thuto. Phuputso e entsoe ho latela Phatlalatso ea Helsinki.

barupeluoa ba

Bacha ba leshome le metso e 'meli ba batona ba lemaletseng marang-rang le 11 ka letsohong le letona ebile ba tsamaisane le bong [31] taolo e phetseng hantle e nkile karolo thutong ena. Tlhahlobo ea bokhoba ba marang-rang e thehiloe ho sebelisoa Young Internet Addiction Scale (YIAS), e nang le lintho tsa 20, e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e ipapisitse le sekhahla sa Likert sa 5-point tekolo ea mathata a bakoang ke ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang [32], le Kiddie-Kemiso ea Mathata a Amehang le Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), sesebelisoa sa tlhahlobo sa tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo se nang le bonnete le ts'epahalo, se re thusitseng ho khetholla mathata a mang a kelello [33], [34]. Barupeluoa ba nang le ts'oaetso ea marang-rang ba ne ba tloaetse ho ba tlalehelang feela ba nang le likarolo tse tloaelehileng tsa bokhoba ba tai (ke hore, mamello, ho itlosa molato, ho ameha ka ho bapala lipapali tsa inthanete, liteko tse sa atleheng tsa ho fokotsa kapa ho emisa papaling ea inthanete, tse susumetsang maikutlo a fosahetseng ha ba leka ho fokotsa papali ea marang-rang, le ho hlokomoloha likamano kapa mesebetsi e bohlokoa ka lebaka la lipapali tsa marang-rang) [35], [36]. Barupeluoa bohle ba nang le ts'oaetso ea marang-rang ba tlalehile lipapali tsa marang-rang tse feteletseng har'a li-subtypes tse reriloeng tsa bothata bona. Ho ile ha sebelisoa lisebelisoa tse tšoanang ha ho ntse ho koetlisoa bacha ba phetseng hantle. Tlhahisoleseling ea demographic le intelligence quotient (IQ) ea barupeluoa bohle le bona ba ile ba hlahlojoa Lethathamo 1).

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Tafole 1. Sebopeho sa palo ea batho le barupeluoa.

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0057831.t001

Ho Fumana data le ho e lokisa

Litšoantšo tsa phomolo ea boemo ba naha tsa FMRI li fumanoe ho scan ninemanga ea 3T Nokia (Motorola Magnetom Trio Tim Syngo MR B17, Jeremane) ka litekanyetso tse latelang: nako ea ho pheta-pheta (TR) 2700 ms; nako ea echo (TE) 30 ms; fumana matrix 64 × 64; tšimo ea pono (FOV) 192 × 192 mm2; flip angle 90 °; boholo ba voxel 3.0 mm × 3.0 mm × 3.0 mm; lingoloa 40. Nako eohle ea ho fumana e ne e le 6 min 45 sec. Ho ile ha sebelisoa coil ea hlooho 'me hlooho ea hlooho ea eona ea fokotsoa ka ho tlatsa sebaka se se nang letho ho pota hlooho ka thepa ea seponche le ho lokisa mohlahare o ka tlase ka theipi.

Ho ntlafatsoa ha litšoantšo tsa fMRI ho ile ha etsoa ho sebelisoa Mothusi oa Ts'ebetso ea data bakeng sa resting-State fMRI (DPARSF) [37], e ipapisitse le Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM8) le resting-State fMRI Data Analysis Toolkit (REST). Litšoantšo tsa 5 tsa pele thutong ka 'ngoe li ile tsa lahloa,' me litšoantšo tse setseng tsa 145 li ile tsa lokisoa bakeng sa ho boloka nako le ho fetisoa ka molumo oa pele bakeng sa ho nepisa liemahale tse tsamaeang. Barupeluoa bohle ba bonts'itse tlase ho 0.5 mm ea ho fallisoa le 0.5 ° ea ho potoloha maemong a bona a hlooho ea 6. Ntle le moo, lihlopha tsena tse peli li ne li sa tšoane haholo (p<0.05) ka likarolo tse 'ne tsa motsamao oa hlooho tse khothalelitsoeng ke Van Dijk et al. [38]: ke hore, ho bolela ho fallisoa ha hlooho (bokhoba ba inthanete: 0.04 ± 0.01 mm, taolo: 0.04 ± 0.01 mm), ho fallisoa ha hlooho ka ho fetesisa (bokhoba ba inthanete: 0.18 ± 0.14 mm, taolo: 0.17 ± 0.07 mm), palo ea micro (> 0.1 mm metsamao (e sa feteng 2 bakeng sa bankakarolo bohle, ntle le batho ba babeli sehlopheng se lemalloang ka inthanete se nang le metsamao e meholo e 5 le 6), le ho potoloha ha hlooho (ho lemalla inthanete: 0.04 ± 0.01 °, taolo: 0.04 ± 0.00 °). Pele ho maemo a tikoloho, ho ile ha theoa thempleite ea boko e tsamaellanang le lilemo le bong ho ipapisitse le tlhaiso-leseling e tsoang ho NIH MRI Study of Normal Brain Development, e sebelisa Template-O-Matic [39]. Litšoantšo tsa rona tsa fMRI li ne li etsoa ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng li sebelisa template ena e hlophisitsoeng mme e ntlafalitsoe ka kernel e bolelele ba Gaussian e bolelele ba 6 mm ka botlalo. Lintlha li ile tsa hlakoloa 'me ho fokotseha hoa maqhubu a tlase (0.01-0.08 Hz) ho ile ha thelisoa e le hore ho fumanoe matšoao a tsoang ho taba e putsoa le ho fokotsa phello ea lerata. Litekanyetso tse tšeletseng tsa ho sisinyeha ha hlooho, lipontšo tsa litaba tse tšoeu, le lipontšo tsa mokelikeli oa "cerebrospinal" li ile tsa ngolisoa ho tsoa ho lets'oao le tlisitsoeng la BOLD. Qetellong, masala a regression ena a nkuoe libakeng tsa boko ba 90 (li-node) a ipapisitse le atlas ea automated Anatomical Labeling (AAL) [40], 'me ho ile ha baloa mekhatlo e bohlale le ba babeli e hlahisitseng matrix ea khokahano ea 90 ka 90 ka sengolo ka seng. Pee ea coefficient ea pearson (zero lag) e sebelisitsoe ho lekanya mokhatlo o mong le o mong o bohlale. Hlokomela hore lets'oao la lefats'e le ne le sa kenyelletsoa e le pherekano ea covariate, ho netefatsa hore karolo ea likamano tse mpe e ne e le nyane.

Boitsebiso ba Lintlha

Morero o thehiloeng marang-rang (NBS) [41], [42] e ne e sebelisetsoa ho khetholla marang-rang a boko a potoloho a bonts'ang phapang ea bohlokoa pakeng tsa sehlopha le khokahano ea tšebetsong ea libaka. Ka ho khetheha, t-teko e ile ea etsoa ho leka phapang ea pakeng tsa sehlopha ho khokahano ea kopanelo ho e 'ngoe ea li-pair tsa 90 × (90-1) / 2 = 4005. Marang-rang a hokahantsoeng, a tsejoang ka semmuso joaloka likarolo tsa graph, li ne li se li bonts'oa lipakeng tsa khokahano e nang le t-statistic e fetang monyako oa t = 3.0. Phoso ea bohlale ba lelapa (FWE) - boleng bo sa nepahalang bo ile ba baloa bakeng sa boholo ba karolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e hlahang e sebelisang tlhahlobo ea boits'oaro (tumello ea 20000). Letlapa le leng le le leng le ne le kenyelletsa ho ngola mabitso a sehlopha ka boomo le ho khetholla boholo ba kholo ka ho fetisisa khokahano e hokahantsoeng, ka tsela ena e fana ka karolelano e matla ea sekhahla sa boholo ba karolo e kholo [43]. P-boleng bo lokisitsoeng ba FWE bo hakantsoe bakeng sa netweke e ngoe le e ngoe e hokahaneng joalo ka karolo ea tumello e hlahisitseng marang-rang a maholo a hokahaneng, kapa a boholo bo lekanang Lits'oants'o tse peli tse fapaneng (bokhoba ba tahi> taolo le bokhoba <taolo) li ile tsa hlahlojoa ka boikemelo. Mehato ena kaofela e ne e etsoa ho sebelisoa sephutheloana sa software sa NBS, se tsamaisoang ka bolokolohi e le karolo ea Brain Khokahanyo ea Lebokose la lisebelisoa (http://www.brain-connectivity-toolbox.net/) kapa NITRC (http://www.nitrc.org/projects/nbs/). Ho lekola botjha ba liphetho life kapa life tsa bohlokoa tse fumanoeng liatlelong tse ling [44], tlhahlobo e kaholimo e ne e phetoa ka karohano le mabotho a AAL a kentsoe li-atlase tse ling tse peli bakeng sa ho etsa cortex libakeng tse sa feteleng; e leng, Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) atlas ea sebopeho (http://www.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fsl/data/atlas-descriptions.html) le parcellation e sa sebetseng e kenyelletsang libaka tsa 120 [45]. Sebaka sa MNI ke parcsese e kopaneng e emelang libaka tse robeli tse tsoang ho motho ka mong, ka hona e nolofalletsa tšebelisano ea "logbar".

Ka mor'a moo, re ile ra leka liphapang pakeng tsa sehlopha sa mehato ea bohlokoa e thehiloeng ho graph [28]; ke hore, karolelano ea likhoele tse kopaneng, bolelele ba tsela le bolelele ba lefatše bo bonyane. Tlhaloso ea mehato ena ho latela ho rarahana ha boko le mokhatlo li ka fumaneha lingoliloeng tse ngata tsa morao-rao [26], [30], [46]-[49]. Litefiso tsa khokahano li ne li qaloa ka pele mabapi le litekanyo tsa methapo e tsitsitseng ea khokahano, ho tloha ho 10% ho isa 30% [28]. Mehato ea marang-rang e ne e balelloa morafong o mong le o mong o sebelisang ts'ebetso e nepahetseng e fanoeng ho Letlapa la Brain Connecaction. Bolelele ba methapo e kopaneng le bolelele ba tsela bo ne bo fetotsoe mabapi le kopanelo ea marang-rang a 20 a ts'oaroang a hlahisoang a sebelisa Maslov-Sneppen rewiring algorithm [50]. Phapang lipakeng tsa lihlopha-sehlopha e ile ea hlahlojoa morong o mong le o mong o sebelisa liteko tse peli tse mahlakoreng.

Kamora nako, likhoele tse kopaneng tsa bolelele le bolelele ba tsela li ile tsa baloa sebakeng ka seng bakeng sa e mong le e mong oa libaka tsa 90. Teko e nang le mahlakore a mabeli e boetse e sebelisetsoa ho leka liteko tsa mahareng a lihlopha mehatong ena e ikhethileng ea sebaka. Sekhahla sa ho sibolla lintho tse seng 'nete (FDR) [51] e sebelisitsoe ho lokisa lipapiso tse ngata ho pholletsa le malapa a maqhubu a marang-rang.

 

Results

Litšobotsi tsa Barupeluoa

Bohle ba neng ba nkile karolo e ne e le banna ba matsoho a matona. Ha ho phapang e kholo e fumanoeng ka lilemo le IQ lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsena tse peli, mme sekhahla sa YIAS se ne se phahame haholo sehlopheng sa ts'ebeliso ea litheko tsa inthanete (Lethathamo 1).

Phapang ea Lihlopheng mabapi le Ts'ebetso ea Khokahano

NBS e thathamisitse khokahano e le 'ngoe e bonts'ang haholo (p<0.05, FWE-corrected) e fokotse khokahano ho bacha ba nang le bokhoba ba inthanete ha ba bapisoa le taolo. Khokahano ena e amehileng e na le likhokahano tse 59, tse nang le libaka tse fapaneng tsa boko ba 38Setšoantšo sa 1). Khokahano ea marang-rang e ne e phetoa haholo ha marang-rang a AAL a nkeloa sebaka ka li-atlase tse peli tse fapaneng bakeng sa ho etsa cortex libakeng tse sa feteleng (bona. Setšoantšo sa S1). Leha ho e-na le phapang e kholo palong eohle ea libaka tse kenyelletsoang liatomara tsena (AAL: 90, MNI: 16, tšohanyetso: 120), ho sebetsa ka mokhoa o makatsang ho ile ha bonahala mohahong o mong le o mong oa marang-rang. Boholo ba marang-rang bo lebelletsoe ho eketseha ka qeto ea atlas (ke hore, palo e felletseng ea libaka), e fana ka phetoho e rarahaneng haholoanyane. Leha ho le joalo, libaka tse amanang le cortical le sub-cortical (le li-lobes tse tsamaellanang) tse matla li ne li phetoa ka bongata ho liatomoro tse tharo. Litšoantšo li ile tsa bonoa ka BrainNet Viewer (http://www.nitrc.org/projects/bnv/).

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Setšoantšo sa 1. Khokahano ea khokahano ea tšebetsong ea ts'ebetso ea bongo ho batjha ba nang le ts'ebeliso ea inthanete.

Metsu e khubelu e emela li-stereotactic centroids tsa libaka tsa boko (li-node) tse hlalositsoeng ke li-atlas tsa Automated Anatomical Labeling (AAL), le mela e putsoa e emela li-link tsa suprathreshold (t = 3.0) e kenyang marang-rang a amehang a khetholloang ka linomoro tse thehiloeng marang-rang (NBS) (pPonahalo ea axial e bonts'a ho nka karolo ha likhokahano tsa lipakeng (ke hore, likhokahano tse fetang lipakeng tsa lefatše le letona le le letšehali). Pono ea sagittal e bonts'a ho nka karolo ha li-lobes tse ka pele, tsa nakoana le tsa parietal marang-rang a amehileng.

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0057831.g001

Latela Fornito et al. [52], Libaka tsa AAL li ne li arotsoe ka li-lobes tse kholo tse tsamaellanang (mohlala, ka pele, tsa nakoana, tsa parietal) mme karolo ea khokahano e hokahanyang likarolo tsena tse kholo e ile ea hlakoloa bakeng sa para e le 'ngoe. Khokahano ea Fronto-temporo-parietal e fumanoe e ameha, empa lobe ea occipital e ne e sa kenyelletsoa marangrang a amehang. Boholo ba likhokelo tse neng li fokotsoe sehlopheng sa bokhoba ba marang-rang se ne se kenyelletsa lihokela pakeng tsa libaka tse haufi le subportical le li-cortices tsa pele (~ 24%) le li-cortices tsa parietal (~ 27%) (Setšoantšo sa 2). Ho utloisisa haholoanyane hore na ke libaka life tse tlatsetsang ho fumaneng sena, re ile ra hlahloba khokahano lipakeng tsa mong le e mong oa cortical lobe le sebaka ka seng se ikemetseng marang-rang a NBS (Setšoantšo sa S2). Tlhahlobo ena e senotse hore libaka tse tlasa libaka tse hloahloa li kenyelletsa hippocampus, globus pallidus le putamen. Li-nucleus tsa amygdala le caudate ha lia ka tsa kenyelletsoa marangrang a amehang. Bilateral putamen e ne e le sebaka se akaretsang se amehang haholo, se bonts'ang likhokahano tse fokotsang le li-lobes tsohle tse tharo tse ka sehloohong tse kenyellelitsoeng khoebong. Mokhoa ona o ile oa phetoa ho sebelisoa atlas ea MNI, eo ho eona marang-rang a hlahisang feela a kenyelletsang putlamen le insula, ho tlatselletsa ho lobes tse ka pele, tsa parietal le tsa nakoana; li-caudate nucleus le occipital lobe li ne li sa kenyelletsoa marangrang a amehang.

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Setšoantšo sa 2. Karolo ea likhokahano tse anngoeng ke temallo ea inthanete e hokahanyang lihlopha tse arohaneng tsa likhoerekhoere.

Palo ea likhokahano tse kenyelletsang karohano e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e lekantsoe ka palo eohle ea li-link tsa bohlale ba bobeli.A re hippocampus, globus pallidus le putamen ba abeloa karolo ea subcortical, mme gypus ea ka ntle ea cingulate e ile ea abeloa sehlopha sa pele. Li-nucleus tsa amygdala le caudate ha lia ka tsa kenyelletsoa marang-rang a senyehileng kahoo ha ho na tlhoko ea ho abela libaka tsena lobe. Sebaka sa putamen, ka kotloloho, e ne e le sebaka se ikhethileng haholo se bonts'ang, se bonts'ang likhokahano tse fokotsang le li-lobes tsohle tse tharo tse kholo tsa "cerebral"

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0057831.g002

Ha rea ​​ka ra tseba netweke leha e le efe ka khokahano e eketsehang sehlopheng sa bokhoba ba marang-rang. Ha ho khokahano ea bohlokoa e fumanoeng pakeng tsa khokahano e sebetsang ho marang-rang a khethiloeng le lintlha tsa YIAS, ebang ke sehlopheng sa bokhoba ba marang-rang kapa taolong.

Phapang ea Lihlopheng ho Topology ea Network

Ha ho phapang pakeng tsa sehlopha se ileng sa bonoa ho kakaretso ea ho kopana ha methapo, bolelele ba tsela kapa boemo ba lefatše ka bongata ho marangrang a marang-rang (p<0.05, FDR-e lokisitsoe) (Setšoantšo sa 3). Ho ekelletsa moo, ha ho phapang pakeng tsa sehlopha ka mehato e lumellanang ea lehae (lebatooa) e pholohileng khalemelo ea FDR bakeng sa lipapiso tse ngata. Ho sebelisa khalemelo e fosahetseng ea leshano p<(1/90) = 0.011 [53] bakeng sa ho lekola litlamorao tsa boemo ba tloaelo bo hlahisitsoeng ke liphapang tse pakeng tsa sehlopha sa bohlophisi ba tikoloho ea lehae le bolelele ba tsela ea lehae bo hlahang haholo mantlong a maiketsetso (Lisebelisoa S1 'me S2).

ponahalo e nyane
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Setšoantšo sa 3. Litekanyetso tsa lefatše tse nyane tsa khokahano e sebetsang ea boko ho batjha ba nang le ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang.

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0057831.g003

 

 

Puisano

Bopaki ba ho fokotseha ha ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea boko bo fumanoe ho bacha ba nang le ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang. E lumellana le mehlala ea hona joale e hatisang karolo ea cortico-subcortical pathology tšebelisong [54], 24% ea khokahano ho netweke e fetotsoeng e khethollang batho ba lemaletseng taolo le taolo e phetseng hantle e kenyelletsa lihokela pakeng tsa libaka tse ka pele le tse subcortical. 27 e eketsehileng e hokahantseng libaka tsa subcortical le tsa parietal, e nang le bopaki bo lekanyelitsoeng ba ho kenya letsoho mohopolo, e boetse e lumellana le bopaki ba morao-rao ba ho nka karolo ha libaka tsena bokhobeng. Hlokomela hore tlhahlobo ea rona e fana ka tlhahlobo e tsitsitseng ea mefuta ea litlokotsebe tsa cortico-subcortical, kaha e ne e kenyelletsa mehato ea khokahano e sebetsang ea bohlale pakeng tsa likarolo tsa 90 tse fapaneng tse arolelitsoeng hohle bokong. Taba ea hore lits'ebetso tsa cortico-subcortical li hlahile joalo ka tlhahlobo e tsebahalang ea ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea lintlha ka botlalo e fana ka ts'ehetso e matla bakeng sa ho kenya letsoho ha lits'ebetso tsena ts'ebelisong ea inthanete. Ho feta moo, seo re se fumaneng se bonts'a hore bokhoba ba marang-rang bo arolelana litšobotsi tsa neurobiological tse tšoanang le mathata a mang a tlhekefetso, le hore libaka tse ikhethileng ka ho khetheha li ka emela libaka tsa mantlha tsa methapo ea kutlo ea boko. Tsebiso ea bohlokoa ke pono e tsoang ho National Institute on Drug Abuse hore bokhoba ba boits'oaro e ka ba mehlala e hloekileng ea bokhoba, ho latela hore maemo ana ha a silafatsoe ke litlamorao tsa lintho [55]. Le ha ho ithutoa ha mathata a mang a mangata a bokhoba ba lithethefatsi ho ferekantsoe hangata ke litlamorao tsa tlhekefetso ea lithethefatsi, bokhoba ba marang-rang bo fumanoa ka tsela ea boitšoaro mme ka hona e fana ka mohlala o tobileng haholoanyane oa ho ithuta ho lemalla ho se nang litlamorao tsa lithethefatsi tsa nako e telele.

Phuputsong ena, NBS e sebelisitsoe ka boholo ba marang-rang bo lekantsoeng ho latela boholo ba eona; ka mantsoe a mang, palo eohle ea likhokelo e kenyelletsa marang-rang. Tekanyo ena ea boholo ha e tšoanelehe ho bona litlamorao tse kenyelletsang likhokahano tse le 'ngoe, tse ikemetseng tse sa kopaneng marang-rang. Ho etsa liteko tsa mefuta ena ea liphapang tse lipakeng tsa sehlopha, tlhahlobo ea NBS e ile ea phetoa khafetsa bakeng sa liteko tsa boholo ba motsoako ho fapana le boholo. Palo ea bongata e fana ka kutloisiso e kholo ho tsepameng, litlamorao tse matla ho feta ho hlahloba liphapang tsa boholo ba karolo. Ntle le moo, re boetse re fokotsa papiso e bohlale ea tšebeliso ea matla e sebelisang FDR, e tla ameha haholo ho matla, ho litlamorao tse tebileng. Ha ho phapang e kholo pakeng tsa sehlopha e neng e bonahala ka lipalo tsa FDR kapa bongata, ho fana ka maikutlo a hore khokahano e kenelletseng ea ho lemalla marang-rang e kenyelletsa marang-rang a phatlalalitsoeng a amang libaka tse 'maloa tsa cortical le subcortical.

Ha re hlokomela hore thepa ea maqhubu a ts'ebeliso ea boko e tsejoa ho ela hloko khetho ea template ea parcellation, re fuputse merero e meng e mengata ea parcellation e le ho lekola botjha ba liphumano tse ling ho fumana liphetoho litlhalosong tsa sehlooho [45], [56], [57]. Sena se re nolofalelitse ho fumana monyetla oa hore liphumano tse itseng li hlahisitsoe feela ke lebaka la maemo a matle a linomoro, empa li sa fumanehe ka lipapatso tse ling tse tsebahalang.

In karolelano ea matla a fokotsehileng a khokahanyo e sebetsang, paramente ea methapo e senola liphapang tse kholo tsa sehlopha. Le ha re ne re etsa tlhahlobo e eketsehileng ea tlhahlobo ho latela taolo e tiileng e khahlano le phoso ea mofuta oa I, liphetho li bonts'a phapang e kholo ea thuto ea tlhaho e neng e sa sebetse tlhahlobisong ea NBS. Kahoo, leha temallo ea inthanete e ne e amahanngoa le ho ata le ho fokotseha ho hoholo hoa khokahano ea tšebetso lipotolohong tsa cortico-subcortical, ho fokotseha hona ho ne ho sa amane le tšitiso ea lefats'e ho ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea boko. Boithuto bona bo bonts'a hore phapang e atileng haholo ea khokahano e sebetsang e ka ba teng ntle le hore ho be le liphetoho mabapi le mehato ea mantlha ea tlhaho. Ho kanna ha utloahala ho makatsa hore liphapang tsa matla a kopanyo li ne li atile haholo ka lebaka la ho se tšoane ho neng ho le teng lipakeng tsa thuto ea bolumeli. Leha ho le joalo, ho bohlokoa ho hlakisa hore topology le matla a khokahano ke likarolo tse ikhethileng tsa khokahano le tlhekefetso ho tlhoko e 'ngoe ha ho bolele hore ke tlhekefetso ho tse ling. Ho fumanoe tse tšoanang lipakeng tsa mafu a mang [52], [58]. Rea hlokomela, leha ho le joalo, liphapang tsa sehlopha tse ling tsa thepa ea mantlha tse etselitsoeng bohlokoa ba lipalo. Ho hlahlojoa ha sampole e kholo ho ka u fa matla a hlokahalang a ho hlahisa litlamorao hore li bohlokoa. Liphetho tsa rona li fana ka maikutlo a hore liphetoho tsa tlholeho li ka ba tse poteletseng ho feta tse shebiloeng bakeng sa mehato ea kopanyo e sebetsang.

Har'a likhokahano tsa 59 tse kentsoeng khokahanong e fetotsoeng, 25 e ne e le likhokahano tsa maikutlo le 34 e ne e le Intrahemispheric, e supang ho kenya letsoho ha libaka tsa bolelele bo bolelele le likhokahanyo tse khutšoane bokong. Kaha tumello ea marang-rang ke boemo bo sa tsoa tsebahala ba bophelo bo botle ba kelello, ka mohopolo oa eona le mekhoa ea ho hlahloba e ntse e le thata ebile e sa laoloe, mohlomong ho ka makatsa ho fumana marang-rang a anngoeng haholo ke bokong ba lithuto tsena. Haufinyane, Lin et al. (2012) e fuputse ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea kelello ho bacha lilemong ka ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang e sebelisang menahano ea marang-rang, mme e fumane ho fokotseha ho pharaletseng ha li-aisotropy tsa mokhahlelo (FA) ho pholletsa le kelello eohle ntle le sebaka se phahameng sa FA sehlopheng sa ts'ebeliso ea litheko tsa inthanete [13]. Liphetho tse joalo li hlahisa motheo o ka khonehang bakeng sa pherekano e sebetsang e bonoang mohlaleng oa rona, khopolo-taba e ka lekoang ho sebelisoa FMRI le menahano e boima ho barupeluoa ba tšoanang. [59].

Mabapi le palo e kholo ea likhokahano tsa methapo-kutlo e fumanoang marangrang a fetotsoeng, puisano e sebetsang ea maiketsetso e sa le nako e nahanoa hore ke ea bohlokoa mesebetsing ea boko. [60]-[63]. Leha ho le joalo, liphuputso tse fokolang tsa bokhoba ba tahi li sebetsane le ts'ebetso e kopantseng lipakeng tsa likarolo tse peli. Haufinyane, Kelly et al. (2011) e hlokometse ho hokahanya ha tšebetso ea methapo ho batho ba baholo ba itšebelitseng koae [64]. Ba bonts'itse karolo ea mantlha ea marang-rang a marang-rang, 'me ba sirelletse ka libaka tse sa reng letho, sephetho se tsamaellanang le seo re se fumaneng. Le ha bangoli ba tšohlile tse fumanoeng e le ho supa litlamorao tsa nako e telele tsa ho pepesetsoa ha koae, ba boetse ba boletse monyetla oa hore ts'ebelisano e ka fokotsang ts'ebeliso ea "chemine" e le monyetla oa ho pepesehela ts'oaetso ea koae. Liphetho tsa rona li fana ka maikutlo a hore liphetoho tsena tse amanang le boloi li ka bonts'a kotsi ea ho lemalla kapa ho tloaelana ka mekhoa e tloahelehileng ea ho lemalla, ho e-na le ho ba tšebeliso e telele ea lithethefatsi ka lebaka la ho re tšebeliso ea litekanyetso mohlaleng oa rona e hlalositsoe ka mokhoa o hlakileng. Monyetla ona o ka hlahlojoa ka ho leka ho ts'oana ha phenotypic pakeng tsa beng ka motho ea sa sebetseng ba nang le bothata ba ho lemalla lithethefatsi kapa boits'oaro.

Ho khahlisang, mokhoa o ts'oanang oa ts'ebelisano-mmuso e theohileng ea ts'ebetso pakeng tsa libaka tsa pele le tsa parietali ho tlalehiloe ka bobeli ho motho ea sebelisang k'hok'heine;s [64], [65]. Thutong ea morao-rao, Sutherland et al. (2012) e khothalelitse hore khokahano e fokotsehileng makaleng a marang-rang a ferekanyang e ka ba karolo ea mantlha khokahanong ea taolo ea kelello e senyehileng ea batho ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi. [54]. Ho fumana ha rona ts'ebelisong ea marang-rang ho boetse ho ts'ehetsa khopolo e fokotsang khokahano e sebetsang pakeng tsa libaka tsa pele le tsa parietali e kanna ea ba tšobotsi e tloaelehileng ho mefuta e fapaneng ea ho lemalla, ho fana ka maikutlo a ho ba teng ha phenotype e sa sebetseng ka kotloloho eseng ts'ebetso ea bobeli ea ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi. Ntle le moo, patlisiso ea morao-rao mabapi le khokahano ea tšebetso ea bokong ka hohle-hohle ho schizophrenia e bonts'itse liphetoho tse tummeng tsa fronto-temporal ho fapana le liphetoho tsa fronto-parietal kapa fronto-striatal [52], e lumellanang le mefuta ea khale ea pathophysiological ea lefu lena [66]. Ho joalo, sepheo se makatsang ka ho fetisisa sa boithuto ba hona joale ke hore temallo ea inthanete e ne e amahanngoa le methapo ea methapo ea methapo ka kotloloho, e le ts'ebetso e atisang ho kenella mathateng a mang a bokhoba, e fana ka maikutlo a ts'ebelisano ea "neurobiological phenotype". Ho khetholla mekotla e fetotsoeng ea lithaelese tse aparetseng tse nang le mathata a lemallo a ikemiselitseng e ka ba thuso bakeng sa ho lekola hore na mofuta oa tšebeliso ke tšebeliso e nepahetseng ea kutloisiso ea lefu lena. [67], [68]. Leha ho le joalo, hore na ho senyeha ho matla ha tumellano ea ts'ebetso ea fronto-parietal le fronto-striatal e ka ba haholo-holo ho mathata a bokhoba ba tahi ho sa ntse ho belaela. Lithuto tsa nako e tlang li bapisa mafu a fapaneng ka kotloloho li a hlokahala bakeng sa ho theha boemo bo ikhethileng.

E 'ngoe ea liphihlelo tse khahlisang haholo lithutong tsa morao-rao ke ho nka karolo ka matla ha setamen. Sebopeho sena sa boko se tsejoa ho fetolela li-neurotransmitters tse ngata ho kenyeletsa dopamine, le ts'ebetso ea dopaminergic e sa sebetseng e bile le tšusumetso e matla e le e 'ngoe ea mekhoa ea mantlha ea likokoana-hloko tsa bokhoba ba tahi. [8]. Dopamine ke module ea mantlha ea ts'ebetso ea putamen mme e ka bapala karolo ea bohlokoa pherekanong e sebetsang ea khokahano e hlokometsoeng thutong ena. Sena se lumellana le bopaki ba morao-rao ba hore prriatal dopamine transporter le ho fumaneha ha D2 receptor li fetotsoe ho batho ba nang le ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang. [6], [7] le hore ho fetoha hoa liphatsa tsa lefutso le pharmacologic ea maemo a dopamine ea boko ho ka hlahisa phello e matla lits'ebetsong tsa khokahano e sebetsang. [69]-[71]. Ho latela litlaleho tsena tsa mehleng le mokhoa o khothalelitsoeng oa ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi tse amanang le ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea dopaminergic [8], ho utloisisa litlamorao tsa dopamine ho marang-rang a khethiloeng ho bonts'a ts'ebetso e fetotsoeng ea ts'ebetso thutong ea hona joale ho tla emela tsela ea bohlokoa ho ea pele ho utloisisa li-link tsa neurobiological tsa ho lemalla marang-rang.

Ho fumana ha rona hore setamen e ne e le karolo e kenelletseng haholo ho marangrang a ts'ebetso e fokotsehileng, ho boloka sekhahla sa caudate, le hona hoa khahla. Mehaho ka bobeli ke karolo ea striatum, eo le eona e leng karolo ea meaho e tlatselletsang. Putamen hangata e nkuoa e le karolo ea boko e amanang le ts'ebetso ea makoloi, 'me hangata e sa kenngoe ka matla ho tlatselletso ea ntho ho feta caudate.. Har'a mesebetsi ea makoloi, tatellano e ithutoang hantle ea ho pheta-pheta menoana ho bontšitsoe hore e amana le ts'ebetso ho putamen [72]-[76]. Batho ba nang le bothata ba ho lemalla marang-rang ba ka ba le boits'oaro bo phahameng haholo ho feta nako e telele, bo kenyeletsang ho pheta-pheta ha panya le keyboard, mme liphihlelo tsena li ka ama likelello tsa bona. Ka hona, khokahano e fetelletseng e tsoang ho setamen mohlomong e bonts'a tšobotsi e itseng ea bokhoba ba marang-rang. Leha ho le joalo, joalo ka ha re sa lekanya tekanyo ea ho qhekella ha meno ho barupeluoa ba rona, moelelo oa ho fokotseha ho fapana le ho hokahanya ho hokahanya hoa ts'ebetso ho kenyelletsanang le putamen mabapi le ho qhekella ka mouse / keyboard ho lula ho bulehile lipatlisiso tsa nako e tlang. Ntle le moo, ho nka karolo ha setamen ho seo re se fumaneng ho ka bonts'a karolo ea bona lits'ebetsong tsa kelello tse arolelanoang ka caudate le tse sitoang ho lemalla, joalo ka ts'ebetso ea moputso [77], [78].

Ntlha e 'ngoe eo re lokelang ho e tšohla ke ho ba sieo ha khokahano efe kapa efe ea tšebetso e sebetsang sehlopheng sa bokhoba ba marang-rang. Le ha re ne re lebelletse haholo ho fumana ts'ebelisano e sebetsang ea sehlopha sa batho ba lemaletseng joala, ha e le hantle, ha rea ​​ka ra qhelela ka thōko monyetla oa ho shebella ho hokahanya hoa ts'ebetso ea rona, haholo-holo re fuoe khopolo ea hore bacha ba nang le ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang ba ka bonts'a phello ea ts'ebetso ka lebaka la mesebetsi e mengata ea inthanete. [79]-[82]. Tlhaloso e le 'ngoe e ka fumanoang bakeng sa tse mpe tse fumanoeng e ka ba hore boholo ba sampole ea rona e ne e sena matla a ho bona keketseho e amanang le tloaelo ea khokahanyo e sebetsang. Leha ho le joalo, ha e e-so tsejoe ka botlalo hore na ts'ebetso ea kelello ho mesebetsi e itseng kapa ho teba ha psychopathologies e itseng e bonahala e fokotsehile kapa e le matla a kopantsoeng a ts'ebetso [83], [84]. Taba e 'ngoe hape e lokela ho ba hore litlamorao tsa tšebeliso e feteletseng ea inthanete li ka susumetsa karohano ea boko ho ea ka bongoloa. Ka mohlala, kenyelletso e bitsoang litsebi tsa papali ea marang-rang e kenang mesebetsing e meholo ea inthanete, e qeta nako e telele e sebelisa lipapali tsa marang-rang mme mohlomong e sebetsa hantle ho lipapali joalo ho feta batho ba nang le ts'ebeliso ea inthanete, empa leha ho le joalo e bonahala e sa lokisoe ke bopaki ba lipalo tsa YIAS tse tlase haholo. [85]. Ka hona, ho ka khothatsoa hore litlamorao tsa ts'ebetso mesebetsing ea marang-rang li ka bonahala ka tsela e fapaneng ho latela motho ka mong.

Boithuto ba hona joale bo na le meeli e itseng ea bohlokoa. Taba ea mantlha, boholo ba sampole bo ne bo fokola haholo, bo neng bo ka fokotsa matla a rona a ho lemoha khokahano ea bohlokoa lipakeng tsa khokahano e sebetsang le lintlha tsa YIAS. Kahoo, seo ba se fumanang hajoale se hloka ho phetoa sampole e kholo ea karolo ea barupeluoa ba nang le ts'ebeliso ea taolo le marang-rang. Leha ho le joalo, hoa hlokomeleha hore boholo ba rona ba sampole bo ne bo tšoana hantle le ba lithuto tsa marang-rang tse neng li sebetsa hantle tsa ho lemalla inthanete. Mohlala oa rona o ne o ikhethile, kaha lithuto tsa pele tse ngata li ne li thehiloe ho batho ba baholo [2]-[7]. Taba ea bobeli, mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea bokhoba ba marang-rang ha e e-so tiisoe hantle leha ho le joalo, seo re se fumaneng se supa motheo o ka bang teng oa neurobiological bakeng sa bothata bona bo bobe. Taba ea boraro, le ha re sa ka ra kenyelletsa mathata a kelello a comorbid a sebelisa K-SADS-PL, matšoao a boemo bo tlase ba maemo a kelello a comorbid a kanna a ba a ntse a le teng. Taba ea bone, pokello ea tlhaiso-leseling e pharalletseng ea tlhahlobo ea bongaka e kang mokhoa oa ho robala e kanna ea ntlafatsa data ea rona le ho ntlafatsa monehelo oa rona ho lingoliloeng [86], [87]. Kamora nako, moralo oa thuto e nang le likarolo tse ngata o fokotsa ho hlalosoa ha kamano ea causal pakeng tsa ts'ebelisano e fokolang ea ts'ebetso le nts'etsopele ea litheko tsa inthanete. Ho lokela ho hlokomeloe hore ho sisinyeha ha hlooho ho hlahile e le pherekano ea bohlokoa ho ts'ebetsong hauro [38], [88]. Ho sisinya hlooho ho ile ha hlahlojoa ka botlalo thutong ena ho sebelisoa mekhoa ea ho feto-fetoha le maemo a phallo e sa tsoa etsoa [38]. Ha ho phapang e kholo pakeng tsa lihlopha e fumanoeng bakeng sa mehato efe kapa efe ea litsamaiso tsa hlooho e nahannoeng.

Ika kakaretso, sephetho sa boithuto bona se fana ka maikutlo a hore bacha ba nang le ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang ba bonts'a ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea botona ha ho se na likhathatso tse tebileng tsa topology ea marang-rang. Khokahano e fetotsoeng e bontsitse karolo e pharalletseng ea likhokahano tsa maqhubu a malelele a pakeng tsa methapo le lihokela tsa nako e khuts'oane tsa methapo ea kutlo. Likarolo tsa boko bo ikhethileng li ka bapala karolo ea bohlokoa khokahanong ena e fetotsoeng, haholo-holo ea putamen, e bonts'itseng ho fokotseha ha khokahano le li-lobes tsohle tse tharo tse ka sehloohong tsa kerikhete e amehang.

 

 

Ho tšehetsa Boitsebiso

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jarolla

Khokahano ea khokahano ea tšebetsong ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea bongo ho bacha ba nang le ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang (ba sebelisa li-atlase tse fapaneng).Metsu e khubelu e emela li-stereotactic centroids tsa libaka tsa boko (node) tse hlalositsoeng ke Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) atlas ea sebopeho (A) le atlas ea tšohanyetso ea parcellation (B), le mela e khubelu e emela li-link tsa suprathreshold (t = 2.1 le 3.0, ka ho latellana) e kenyeletsang ba amehileng netweke e tsebahatsoang ke linomoro tse thehiloeng marang-rang (NBS) (p<0.05, e bohlale e entsoe ka motsoako)

Setšoantšo S1.

Khokahano ea khokahano ea tšebetsong ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea bongo ho bacha ba nang le ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang (ba sebelisa li-atlase tse fapaneng).Metsu e khubelu e emela li-stereotactic centroids tsa libaka tsa boko (node) tse hlalositsoeng ke Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) atlas ea sebopeho (A) le atlas ea tšohanyetso ea parcellation (B), le mela e khubelu e emela li-link tsa suprathreshold (t = 2.1 le 3.0, ka ho latellana) e kenyeletsang ba amehileng netweke e tsebahatsoang ke linomoro tse thehiloeng marang-rang (NBS) (p<0.05, e bohlale e entsoe ka motsoako)

(TIF)

Setšoantšo S2.

Karolo ea likhokahano tse anngoeng ke temallo ea inthanete e hokahanyang lihlopha tse arohaneng tsa likhoerekhoere (tse hlalositsoeng bakeng sa libaka tse haufi).Palo ea likhokahano tse kenyelletsang karohano ka 'ngoe e lekantsoe ka palo eohle ea likhokahano tse bohlale.

(TIF)

Tafole S1.

Coeff lekaneng ea lehae.Tafole ena e bonts'a liphetho tsa boemo ba tloaelo le khalemelo e fosahetseng ea leshano p<(1/90) = 0.011; ha ho sephetho se ileng sa pholoha khalemelo e tloaelehileng ea sekhahla sa ho sibolla ha ho bapisoa hangata.

(DOC)

Tafole S2.

Bolelele ba tsela ea lehae.Tafole ena e bonts'a liphetho tsa boemo ba tloaelo le khalemelo e fosahetseng ea leshano p<(1/90) = 0.011; ha ho sephetho se ileng sa pholoha khalemelo e tloaelehileng ea sekhahla sa ho sibolla ha ho bapisoa hangata.

(DOC)

  

 

Menehelo ea Mongoli

O ile a amohela le ho hlophisa liteko: SBH EJC HHK JES CDK JWK SHY. O entse liteko: SBH EJC HHK JES. Ho hlahlobisisa data: SBH AZ LC AF. Li-reagents tse kentsoeng / lisebelisoa / lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo: SBH AZ LC AF CDK JWK SHY. Ngola pampiri: SBH AZ LC AF EJC HHK JES CDK JWK SHY.

  

 

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