Tlhahlobo ea tlhahisoleseding e sa sebetseng nakong ea mosebetsi o ka amanang le ketsahalo e amang batho ba nang le bothata ba ho bapala ka Inthanete (2016)

Tlhaloso: Phetolelo ea Psychiatry (2016) 6, e721; Doi: 10.1038 / tp.2015.215

E phatlalalitsoe marang-rang ka la 26 Pherekhong 2016

M Park¹, JS Choi^1,2SM Park¹JY Lee^1,2, HY Jung^1,2, BK Sohn^1,2, SN Kim², DJ Kim³ le JS Kwon²

1. ¹Lefapha la Psychiatry, Setsi sa Bongaka sa SMG-SNU Boramae, Seoul, Rephabliking ea Korea
2. ²Lefapha la Psychiatry le Behaeveal Science, Seoul University University of Medicine, Seoul, Rephabliking ea Korea
3. ³Lefapha la Psychiki, Sepetlele sa Seoul St. Mary, Univesithi ea K'hatholike ea Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Rephabliking ea Korea

Lingoloa: Ngaka JS Choi, Lefapha la Psychiatry, Setsi sa Bongaka sa SMG-SNU Boramae, 20, Boramae-Ro 5-Gil, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 07061, Rephabliki ea Korea. Lengolo-tsoibila: [imeile e sirelelitsoe]

E amohetse 4 August 2015; Ntlafatso ea la 24 Pulungoana 2015; E amohetse la 5 Tšitoe 2015

Ka holimo ho leqephe

inahaneloang

Bothata ba lipapali tsa inthanete (IGD) bo lebisang ho senyeheloang ho hoholo kelellong, maikutlong le mesebetsing ea sechaba bo se bo ntse bo eketseha butle-butle. Leha ho le joalo, liphuputso tse fokolang haholo tse entsoeng ho fihlela joale li sebetsana le litaba tse amanang le mekhoa e amanang le liketsahalo (ERP) e amanang le liketsahalo tsa IGD. Ho tseba litšobotsi tsa neurobiological tsa IGD ho bohlokoa ho hlakisa pathophysiology ea boemo bona. P300 ke karolo e sebetsang ea ERP bakeng sa ho etsa lipatlisiso ka likarolo tsa mokokotlo oa elektronike. Morero oa thuto e teng hona joale e ne e le ho fuputsa karohano lipakeng tsa bakuli ba nang le IGD le taolo e phetseng hantle (HCs), mabapi le karolo ea P300 ea ERP nakong ea mosebetsi o makatsang oa litheko, le ho lekola kamano ea karolo ena ho teba ha matšoao a IGD ho tsebahatsa likarolo tse amanang le methapo ea methapo ea IGD. Bakuli ba mashome a mabeli a metso e ts'eletseng ba fumanoe ba le lilemo tsa IGD le 23-, thobalano, thuto- le bohlale li-quoteent-matched HC li nkile karolo thutong ena. Nakong ea mosebetsi o makatsang oa barati, barupeluoa ba ile ba tlameha ho arabela metsong e sa tloaelehang, e khelohileng e hlahisitsoeng ka tatellano ea melumo e etsahalang khafetsa. Sehlopha sa IGD se bonts'itse phokotso e kholo ea karabelo ho lithane tse khelohileng ha li bapisoa le sehlopha sa HC libakeng tsa amplople tsa P300 libakeng tsa mahareng tsa Centro-parietal electrode. Re boetse re fumane khokahano e mpe lipakeng tsa ho teba ha IGD le ammeli ea P300. Khakanyo e fokotsoeng ea karolo ea P300 mosebetsing o makatsang oa mosebetsi e ka bonts'a ho hloka tšebetsong ha tlhaiso-leseling ea tlhaiso-leseling le bokhoni ba kelello ba IGD. Liphumano tsena li fana ka maikutlo a hore li-amplitudes tse fokotsitsoeng tsa P300 e kanna ea ba matšoao a neurobiological bakeng sa IGD.

Ka holimo ho leqephe

Selelekela

Keketseho e ntseng e eketseha ea inthanete e lebisitse ho 'mele o ntseng o eketseha oa lipatlisiso makaleng a fapaneng a amanang le bokhoba ba marang-rang, bokhoba ba papali ea chelete le tšebeliso ea marang-rang.^{1, 2} Ts'ebeliso e ngata ea inthanete kapa lipapali tsa marang-rang li ka ba taolong mme tsa baka tšenyo e kholo ts'ebetsong ea kelello, ea kelello le ea sechaba, mme likotsi tsena tsa ts'ebeliso ea Marang-rang li ntse li amoheloa ka ho eketsehileng e le litaba tsa bohlokoa tsa bophelo ba kelello sechabeng sa machabeng.³ Ho 2013, American Psychiatric Association (APA) e kenyelitse bothateng ba lipapali tsa inthanete (IGD) karolong ea 3 (Mehato e hlahang le mefuta) ea Buka ea ho hlahloba le ea Statistical ea Mathata a kelelloKhatiso ea bohlano (DSM-5) e le boemo ba ho tsoela pele ho ithuta.⁴ Leha ho le joalo, Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Psychiatric Association o hlokometse ho haella ha litekanyetso tsa tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo le tlhoko ea lipatlisiso tse ling. Lithuto tse ling tsa ho hlalosa likarolo tsa IGD, ho fumana lintlha tsa setso mabapi le ho ts'epahala le ho nepahala ha mekhoa e ikhethileng ea tlhahlobo le ho hlakisa likarolo tsa eona tsa tlhaho tse amanang le tsona li hlokahala pele IGD e kenyelletsoa phetolelong e latelang ea DSM e le bothata bo hlophisitsoeng.⁵

Batho ba bapalang lipapali tsa inthanete nako e telele ba pepesetsoa liketsahalo tsa ponts'o, 'me ho pepesetsoa hoa litšoantšo tse mebala le melumo e matla ho ka baka moferefere o mongata kapa oa molumo le mathata libakeng tse amanang.^{6, 7} Ho feta moo, lithuto tsa morao tjena tsa neuroimaging li tlalehile liphetoho tse kholo tšebetsong ea boko le sebopeho se amanang le IGD.^{8, 9, 10} Ho latela lipatlisiso tsa nakong e fetileng, bakuli ba nang le IGD ba fokotse homogeneity ea tikolohong pusong e kholo ea nakoana.^{11, 12} Gyrus e phahameng ea nakoana, e nang le "cortex" e kholo ea maikutlo, e nahanoa hore e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho kopanya tlhaiso-leseling ea pono le pono.^{13, 14, 15}

Mehato e amanang le liketsahalo (ERP) e amanang le ketsahalo e sebelisitsoe haholo ho fuputsa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea boko le mekhoa ea neural ea ho tsepamisa mohopolo le temoho ka lebaka la qeto ea bona ea nakoana ea nakoana le ho se sebetse.^{16, 17, 18} Karolo ea P300 ea ERP ke phokotso e kholo e ntle e etsahalang ~ 300-500 ms kamora ho qaleha mme e na le bophahamo bo phahameng haholo libakeng tse bohareng le tsa parietal. Ho nahanoa hore e bonts'a tlhokomelo e ikhethileng, mohopolo kapa ts'ebetso ea tlhaiso-leseling e tlang, 'me ho tlalehiloe hore e fokotsehile ka bongata ho tlatsana le ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi ke bongata ba lithuto.¹⁹ Lithuto tse 'maloa tse fetileng li fane ka bopaki mabapi le bothata ba tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi ka sebopeho sa data ea ERP e bokelletsoeng nakong ea ts'ebetso ea mesebetsi e makatsang ea odara. Makhoba a tahi a bontšitse phokotso e kholo mokhoeng oa karolo ea P300, e haelloang ke botaoa ba joala, ha e ntse e etsa mosebetsi o makatsang oa kopanong.^{20, 21, 22} Liphumano tse ling li bontšitse hore ho fokotsoe litheko tsa P300 ho batho ba kotsing ea ho lemalla joala, bo khothalelitseng khaello ea ho abela lisebelisoa tsa neural bakeng sa ho kenyeletsa liketsahalo tse itseng mme li ka ba teng ka lebaka la mesebetsi e litšila ea cortical.^{23, 24} Boithuto mabapi le ho ts'epa ho ts'oasa ho boetse ho bonts'itse phokotso ea maqhubu a P300 nakong ea mosebetsi o makatsang oa libapali ho ba tsubang ha o bapisoa le taolo,^{25, 26} le Moeller et al a.²⁷ e tlaleha hore li-amplopot tse tlase tsa P300 li fumanoe ho basebelisi ba koae ho feta litulong.

Ho tsebo ea rona, ha ho na lipatlisiso tse fetileng tse kileng tsa leka mohlala oa motsoako oa P300 ho bakuli ba IGD ba sebelisang mosebetsi o makatsang oa lipatlisiso, mme ke lithuto tse fokolang feela tse sebelisitseng mekhoa ea ERP ho hlahloba likarolo tsa IGD.^{28, 29} Mohlala, Dong et al a.³⁰ o sebelisitse mosebetsi oa ho ea / ho se ee ho ithute ka thibelo ea karabo ho batho ba nang le bothata ba ho lemalla ho sebelisa Inthanete. Haholo-holo, joalo ka ha ho boletsoe ka holimo, bakuli ba nang le IGD khafetsa ba pepesoa mefuta e fapaneng ea likhothaletso tsa pono le tlhaiso ea maikutlo hoo ho hlokahalang ho etsa lipatlisiso mesebetsi ea neural e amanang le ts'ebetso ea tlhahisoleseling ho IGD. Boithuto bo teng hona joale bo bapisitse mekhoa ea ERP e amanang le ts'ebetso ea tlhaiso-leseling ea tlhaiso ho bakuli ba IGD le ba nang le taolo e phetseng hantle (HCs) ho khetholla likarolo tsa methapo tse ka sebetsang e le li-biomarkers tsa IGD. Re khothalelitse hore nalane ea P300 ea bakuli ba nang le IGD ho araba sepheo sa eona e tla fokotsoa ha e bapisoa le ea li-HC. Ntle le moo, re fane ka maikutlo a hore ho tla ba le kamano lipakeng tsa maqhubu a P300 le ho teba ha matšoao a IGD.

Ka holimo ho leqephe

Lisebelisoa le mekhoa

barupeluoa ba

Bakuli ba mashome a mabeli a metso e ts'eletseng ba IGD le 23 ea lilemo-, thobalano, thuto- le intelligence quotient (IQ) -matched HC ba nkile karolo thutong ena. Bakuli bohle ba ne ba batla kalafo litsing tsa kokelo tsa bophelo tsa SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center e Seoul, Korea Boroa, ka lebaka la ho nka karolo ho feteletseng papaling ea inthanete. Institutional Review Board ea SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center e amohetse protocol, 'me lithuto tsohle li fane ka tumello e ngotsoeng pele ba nka karolo. Puisano ea bongaka ke ngaka ea mafu a kelello e nang le boiphihlelo e ile ea tsamaisoa bakeng sa ho fumana tšoaetso ea IGD ho ea ka litekanyetso tsa DSM-5, le liteko tsa tlhatlhobo ea Inthanete ea Young (IAT)³¹ e sebelisitsoe ho lekola boteng ba koluoa ​​ea barupeluoa. Phuputsong ena, ho sebelisitsoe IAT e fetotsoeng bakeng sa ho lekola lipapali tsa inthanete.³² Ho hlakisa liphetoho tsa pathological tse amanang le IGD, re kenyelletsa lithuto tseo feela le lintlha tsa IAT tsa 70 bonyane (Ref. 33) ea sebelisitseng nako e fetang ea 4 h letsatsi le letsatsi le 30 h ka beke a sebelisa lipapali tsa inthanete, tse neng li thibela sampole ea rona ho ba nang le IGD e matla, mme e khelosa ba neng ba le kotsing e kholo ea ho ba le bothata bona ka lebaka la papali e fetelletseng ea inthanete. Ntle le moo, Puisano e hlophisitsoeng ea Kliniki ea DSM-IV e sebelisitsoe ho supa mafu a fetileng le a hajoale a kelello. Ho bakuli ba 26 ba nang le IGD, 4 le 3 ba phethile litekanyetso tsa DSM-IV tsa khatello ea maikutlo le khatello ea maikutlo, ka ho latellana. Li-HC li ile tsa hiroa ho tsoa sechabeng sa lehae mme li ne li sena nalane ea lefu la kelello. Li-HC li bapetse lipapali tsa inthanete <2 h ka letsatsi. Lenane la Beck Depression (BDI)³⁴, Beck Anxcare Inventory (BAI)³⁵ le Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (Ref. 36) li sebelisitsoe ho bokella data ea kliniki e amanang le IGD.

Litekanyetso tsa ho lelekoa e ne e le nalane ea kotsi e mpe ea hlooho, ho ts'oaroa hoa kelello, ho khutla hoa kelello, ho ferekana kelellong le ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi ntle le nicotine. Barupeluoa bohle ba ne ba se na meriana nakong ea liteko. Mofuta oa Korea oa Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III o ile oa sebelisoa ho lithuto tsohle ho lekanya IQ, mme re kenyelletsa feela lithuto tse nang le lintlha tsa Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III tsa bonyane 80.

Mosebetsi le Tsamaiso

Re sebelisitse mosebetsi oa "oddball" o kenyeletsang ho hlahisa maikutlo a tloaelehileng (85%) le sepheo se sa tloaelehang, se khelohileng (15%) ka tatellano ea pseudorandomisedized maemong a khatello ea molumo oa 85-dB. Liphetoho tse makholo a mararo li hlahisitsoe ka mokhoa oa tlhaho ke moqapi oa molumo oa STIM 2 (Composedics, El Paso, TX, USA). Stimuli li hlahisitsoe tlasa maemo a mabeli a fapaneng a pente: tšusumetso e khelohileng e ikhethang e ne e khethiloe e le molumo oa lentsoe le phahameng (2000 Hz); le khothalletso e tloaelehileng khafetsa e ne e khethiloe e le molumo oa lentsoe le tlase (1000 Hz). Nako ea molumo o mong le o mong e ne e le 100 ms (10-ms kupanda le linako tsa ho oela) ka likheo tse sa tsitsitseng tsa nako le nako tsa 1250 ms. Barupeluoa ba ile ba laeloa ho tobetsa konopo ea lebokose la karabo ka letsoho la bona le letona kapele le ka nepo ka mokhoa o nepahetseng kamoo ba ka khonang ha ba arabela ka melumo e phahameng. Barupeluoa bohle ba ile ba fuoa monyetla oa ho ikoetlisetsa pele mosebetsi o qala pele. Barupeluoa ba qetile liteko tse tharo tsa liteko tsa 100 ha ba lutse setulong se hantle.

Ho rekota ha ERP

Lintlha tsa Electroencephalogram le electrooculogram li tlalehiloe ho sebelisoa sistimi ea 64-channel Quick-cap (Compumedics) e neng e bua ka mastoid e hokahaneng ka phapusing e sirelelitsoeng ea molumo. Sebaka sa kanale ea lefatše e ne e le lipakeng tsa FPz le Fz. Li-electrooculograms tse otlolohileng le tse emeng li ne li lekanngoa ka li-electrode tse behiloeng kanteng e kantle ea leihlo ka leng, le kaholimo le ka tlase ho leihlo le letšehali, ka ho latellana. Mesebetsi ea motlakase e ile ea hatisoa khafetsa ka sekhahla sa mehlala ea 250, 500 kapa 1000 Hz. Filter ea band-pass e behiloe ho 0.3-100 Hz. Ho hloka matla ho li-electrode tsohle ho ne ho le <10 kΩ.

Tlhahlobo ea ERP

Matšoao a electrophysiological a ne a boetse a sebetsoa kantle ho mohala a sebelisa software ea Curry 7 (Composedics). Lirekoto li ile tsa theoleloa ka tlase ho 250 Hz. Lintlha li ne li khutlisetsoa hape khahlano le kakaretso e tloaelehileng ea tšebeliso ebe e tlhotlisoa ka ho fetisoa ha frequency band ho tloha 0.3 ho 30 Hz. Lik'hasete tsa Electroencephalogram le electrooculogram li ile tsa hlahlojoa ka mokhoa o hlakileng hore li hane lintho tsa khale tsa khale tse kang tseo tse kenyelletsang ho sisinyeha. Makhopho a mahlo le ho sisinyeha ha mahlo li ile tsa khalemeloa ho latela mokhoa oa phokotso ea maiketsetso e ntlafalitsoeng ke Semlitsch et al a.³⁷ Lintlha li ne li arotsoe likarolo tsa 1000 ms, e neng e kenyelletsa nako ea pele ea ts'usumetso ea 100-ms. Maqhubu a nang le motlakase o fetang ± 70 μV a ile a lahloa ka boomo. Ke liteko feela tse nang le likarabo tse nepahetseng tsa lithane tse khelohileng libakeng tsa mahareng tsa li-midline (FCz, Cz, CPz le Pz) tse ileng tsa hlahlojoa le ho hlahlojoa. Li-electrode tsa Midline hangata li khethoa mesebetsing e makatsang ea ho fuputsa likarolo tsa P300. Li-waveforms tsa ERP bakeng sa morupeluoa e mong le e mong o ne a e-na le liteko tse fokolang tsa 35 tsa maiketsetso. Karolo ea P300 e hlalositsoe e le tlhoro e kholo ka ho fetisisa e tsamaeang ka har'a fensetere ea nako pakeng tsa 248 le 500 ms kamora ho ba le ts'usumetso. Limmapa tsa topographic tsa amplitudes tsa P300 li entsoe ka software ea Scan 4.5 (Composedics).

Tlhahlobo ea statistical

Lintlha tsa palo ea batho, tsa kliniki le tsa boitsoaro li ile tsa hlahlojoa ka tlhahlobo e le 'ngoe ea phapang (ANOVA) kapa χ²-Test, le sehlopha sa kalafo (IGD le HC) ke sona sesosa sa lipakeng. Mabapi le boleng ba ERP bo kentsoeng ts'usumetso, li-amplople le latitude ea karolo ea P300 li ile tsa hlahlojoa ka thoko le li-ANOVA tse etselitsoeng khafetsa tse nang le libaka tsa li-electrode (FCz, Cz, CPz le Pz) joalo ka lintho tse ka hare-lihlopheng le sehlopha joalo ka karolo ea bohareng ba taba . Tabeng ea tlolo ea boloi, ho ile ha sebelisoa litlatsetso tse tlase, 'me tsa nepisoa Pho tlalehiloe litlaleho. Lits'oants'o tsa P300 tse amanang le phapang e kholo ea li-intergroup li ile tsa hlahisoa ho hlahlojoa ka mefuta-futa ea kliniki ho sebelisa li-coefficients tse nang le marang-rang tsa Pearson tse peli. Liphetho ka PLitekanyetso <0.05 li ne li nkuoa li le bohlokoa. Mefuta-futa e bonts'ang litlamorao tse kholo e ile ea hlahlojoa hape ka post hoc bapisa ho sebelisa li-ANOVA tsa tsela e le 'ngoe. Litlhahlobo tsohle tsa lipalo li entsoe ka software ea SPSS v18.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA).

Ka holimo ho leqephe

Results

Lintlha tsa sechaba le tsa bongaka

Ha ho phapang e kholo ea sehlopha e bileng teng mabapi le lilemo, thobalano, thuto le IQ e hakantsoeng. Bakuli ba nang le IGD ba ne ba e-na le lintlha tse phahameng haholo ho IAT (F_{(1, 47)}= 450.99, P<0.001), BDI (F_{(1, 46)}= 49.92, P<0.001), BAI (F_{(1, 46)}= 11.17, P<0.01) le Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (F_{(1, 46)}= 57.50, P<0.001) ha e bapisoa le li-HC. Litšobotsi tsa palo ea batho le tsa bongaka tsa barupeluoa li hlahisoa ho Lethathamo 1.

Tafole 1 - Palo ea batho le litleliniki tsa bakuli ba nang le IGD le li-HC.

Tafole e feletseng

Liphetho tsa boitšoaro

Tekanyetso ea ho nepahala ea lihlopha tsena tse peli e ne e sa fapana haholo. Le ha bakuli ba nang le IGD ba arabetse hanyane ka hanyane ha ba bapisoa le li-HC, ha ho litlamorao tse kholo tsa sehlopha tse ileng tsa bonoa. Lintlha tsa ts'ebetso ea boitšoaro li hlahisoa Lethathamo 2.

Tafole ea 2 - Liphetho tsa boits'oaro (sekhahla sa ho nepahala le linako tsa karabelo) le boleng ba ERP (amplitudes le latency ea P300) ho bakuli ba nang le IGD le HCs.

Tafole e feletseng

Mehato ea litlhoko tsa ERP

Li-waveform tse ntle ka kakaretso tsa ERP bakeng sa tšusumetso e khelohileng libakeng tsa li-elektrone tse nne li bonts'itsoe Setšoantšo sa 1. Litlamorao tsa bohlokoa tsa sebaka sa li-electrode (F_{(1, 45)}= 16.73, P<0.001) le sehlopha (F_{(1, 45)}= 4.69, P= 0.029) bakeng sa amplople ea P300 e fumanoe. Amplitude ea P300 e lekantsoeng ho CPz e ne e le phahameng ka ho fetisisa har'a libaka tse 'ne tsa li-electrode. Ha ho ts'ebelisano e kholo e boneng pakeng tsa sebaka sa li-electrode le sehlopha bakeng sa li-amplople tsa P300. Bakuli ba nang le IGD ba bonts'itse li-amPlication tsa P300 tse tlase haholo ho feta li-HC ho CPz (F_{(1, 47)}= 8.02, P<0.01) empa eseng ho FCz, Cz le Pz. Mabapi le li-latency tsa P300, ha ho le e 'ngoe ea litlamorao kapa litšebelisano tse neng li le bohlokoa.

Setšoantšo sa 1.

(Moqolo o kaholimo) Mokete o moholo o amanang le liketsahalo tse amanang le liketsahalo tse kholo (ERP) o fetohang likarolo tse tharo tsa li-electrode (FCz, Cz le Pz) karabong ea methapo e khelohileng mosebetsing oa boiketsetso oa lingaka bakeng sa bakuli ba nang le bothata ba lipapali tsa elektroniki (IGD) le taolo e phetseng hantle (HCs ). (Mohala o ka tlase) Palo e ka lehlakoreng le letšehali e bonts'a li-waveform tse kholo tsa ERP bohareng ba li-centro-parietal electrode (CPz). Limmapa tse kholo tsa lefatše li bonts'a ho hasoa ha scalp ea P300 amplitude ka lihlopha tse peli. Sebopeho se ka lehlakoreng le letona se emela khokahano lipakeng tsa mocha oa Inthanete oa Keketseho ea Inthanete (IAT) le bophahamo ba P300 ho li-electrode tsa midline centro-parietal.

Sebopeho se felletseng le litšomo (106K)

Litlamorao lipakeng tsa maqhubu a P300 le mefuta e mengata ea bongaka

Liphakanyo tsa bohlokoa li fumanoe pakeng tsa maqhubu a P300 le lintlha tsa IAT (Setšoantšo sa 1). Lintlha tsa IAT li ne li hokahanngoa hampe le li-amplople tsa P300 ho CPz (r= -0.324, P= 0.025). Ha ho lintlha tse amanang le bohlokoa tse fumanoeng pakeng tsa amplople ea P300 le BDI, BAI le Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11.

Ka holimo ho leqephe

Puisano

Re ile ra etsa lipatlisiso ka tšebetso ea boko ba motlakase re sebelisa mosebetsi o makatsang oa karabo ho arabela maikutlong a khelohileng. Mosebetsi o makatsang oa phuputso thutong ena e kanna ea ba bonolo haholo, mme ts'ebetso ea boits'oaro e ne e sa fapana haholo pakeng tsa bakuli ba nang le IGD le HCs. Leha ho le joalo, thuto ea hona joale e fumane liphapang tsa ERP lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsena tse peli ka mosebetsi o makatsang oa ho bala. Ka hona, liphapang tsa ERP lipakeng tsa lihlopha li ne li se ka lebaka la phapang ts'ebetsong ea boitšoaro empa liphetoho tsa methapo ea kutlo sehlopheng sa IGD. Tumellanong le polelo ea rona ea ho bolela esale pele, bophahamo ba karolo ea P300 ha bo araba lithane tse khelohileng bo ile ba fokotseha ho bakuli ba nang le IGD ha ba bapisoa le li-HC sebakeng se bohareng ba Centro-parietal electrode. Phokotso ena molemong oa ho holofala hoa P300 mosebetsing oa "oddball" o bonts'ang hore bakuli ba nang le IGD ba le bothata ba ho se sebetse hantle tšebetsong ea tlhaiso-leseling ea litaba le ts'ebetso ea kelello. Liphetho tsena li tsamaisana le lithuto tsa ErP tsa nakong e fetileng le batho ba nang le bothata ba ho lemalla lintho tse ling, ba bonts'itseng ho fokotseha hoa P300 amplitude.^{19, 22, 38, 39}

P300 e nkoa e bonts'a ts'ebetso ea papali ea tlhahisoleseling e amanang le mekhoa ea ho shebisisa le ea memori. Haeba ts'usumetso e kenang mosebetsing oa oddball e sa tšoane mme taba e arolelana lisebelisoa tsa tlhokomelo ho sepheo, moemeli oa neural oa tikoloho ea khothalletso o nchafatsoa mme P300 e hlahelletsoe ntle le bokhoni ba maikutlo.^{18, 40} Ka hona, karolo ea P300 e supa lits'ebetso tsa mantlha tse amanang le memori. Tlhahlobo ea amanang haufi-ufi e senotse likamano tsa bohlokoa lipakeng tsa amplople tsa P300 tse fokotsitsoeng le matšoao a matla a IGD. Liphetho tsena li fana ka maikutlo a hore liphetoho tsa mohopolo oa P300 tse bonts'itsoeng li ka amana le boemo ba kliniki ba IGD mme e kanna ea ba moemeli oa methapo ea methapo ea IGD.

Li-jenereithara tsa neural tsa karolo ea P300 li filoe lipatlisiso tse ngata.^{41, 42} Le ha tšimolohong e nepahetseng ea neural ea P300 e sa utloisisoe hantle, liphuputso tse ling li fumane hore karolo ea P300 e hlahisoa ke tsela ea potoloho ea neural lipakeng tsa libaka tsa pele le tsa temporo-parietal.^{43, 44} Karolo ea khale ea P300 ka tloaelo e bua ka P3b e hlahisitsoeng ke sepheo sa sepheo, athe karolo e 'ngoe ea P300 ke P3a e hlahisitsoeng ke pale kapa sepheo sa bohloeki. P300 e sebelisitsoeng thutong ea hona joale e bua ka P3b. Karolo ea P300 (kapa P3b) e ka tsoa libakeng tsa temporo-parietal, mme P3a e kanna ea hlaha libakeng tse ka pele.^{45, 46} Kim et al a.¹² e tlaleha liphetoho tsa ts'ebetso ea kelello ea boemo ba phomolo ho "gyrus" e phahameng ea nakoana le posterior cingrate cortex ho bakuli ba IGD. Kaha posterior cingrate cortex ke karolo ea marang-rang a mofuta oa default le sebaka sa parietal, se hokahanngoang le liscillations tse tlase haholo libakeng tse ling tsa kelello nakong ea phomolo, ho bohlokoa bakeng sa tlhokomelo le ho itlhahloba kaha ho kenyelletsa mesebetsi ea kelello. e amanang le ho kopanngwa ha taolo ya bolaodi le matla a ho khumolla marang-rang a mofuta oa kamehla.⁴⁷ Gyrus e phahameng ea nakoana e nahanoa hore e bohlokoa ts'ebetsong ea tlhaiso-leseling ea audiovisual hape e har'a karolo ea bohlokoa e kenyelletsang ho kopanngoeng ha litekanyetso tsa pono le pono, le ponelopeleng ea maikutlo e thehiloeng tsebong ea tlhaiso-leseling.¹⁵ Maemo a fokotsitsoeng a P300 ho bakuli ba nang le IGD ba fumanoeng thutong e teng hona joale a ka emela liphetoho tsa neurophysiological libakeng tsa temporo-parietal, tse lumellanang le liphumano tse fetileng.¹² Ntle le moo, ho fumana hona ho bonts'a hore liphetoho lipampiring tsa P300 li kanna tsa amahanngoa le ho pepesetsoa khafetsa mefuta e fapaneng ea likhothaletso tsa pono le ho bala nakong ea ho bapala lipapali tsa inthanete, ho bakuli ba IGD.

Le ha lits'ebetso tse nepahetseng tsa li-neurotransmitter tse ka tlasa moloko oa P300 li lula li sa hlake, lintlha tse ling tsa bopaki li bolela karohanyo ea neurotransmitter molokong oa P300. Mabapi le karolo ea P3b, mosebetsi oa norepinephrine, o simolohang ho locus coeruleus, o ka kenya letsoho molokong oa P300 (kapa P3b) bathong.^{48, 49} Ka lehlakoreng le leng, Polich le Criado⁵⁰ e tlaleha hore li-amplopes tsa P300 tsa taolo le bakuli ba nang le lefu la maoto a sa phomoleng li ka bapisoa, empa li fokotsehile haholo ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la Parkinson, ba nang le dopamine e tlase bokong. Pogarell et al a.⁵¹ e boetse e fumane hore boemo ba dopamine dopamine D2 / D3 receptor bo ne bo amana hantle le li-amplople tsa P300 ha li arabela lithane tse lebisitsoeng ho bakuli ba nang le khatello ea maikutlo. Ka mantsoe a mang, amplitude ea P300 e fokotsehileng e amahanngoa le mosebetsi oa dopaminergic o fokotsehileng. Boithuto bo 'maloa ba pejana bo bontšitse hore temallo ea inthanete kapa IGD e amana le tlhekefetso tsamaisong ea moputso oa dopamine. Kim et al a.⁵² e fumane maemo a fokotsehileng a ho fumaneha ha dopamine D2 receptor likarolong tse tlase tsa striatum, ho kenyelletsa le dorsal caudate ea machabeng le setamen e nepahetseng, ho batho ba nang le IGD. Mathata a tlisoang ke ho ata ha P300 ho bakuli ba nang le IGD e ka ba sesupo sa litsamaiso tsa dopaminergic tse senyehileng ho IGD, tse atisang ho bonoa mathateng a mang a ho lemalla.⁵³

Boithuto ba hona joale bo na le meeli e 'maloa. Taba ea pele, sampole e sebelisitsoeng thutong ena e ne e le nyane, e sitisa kakaretso ea se fumanoeng. Kahoo, lithuto tsa nako e tlang tse nang le disampole tse kholo lia hlokahala ho tseba ka mokhoa o hlakileng likarolo tsa IGD. Le ha palo ea batho ba neng ba le teng thutong e ne e le nyane, re ile ra laola likarolo tsa batho tse kang lilemo, thobalano, thuto, IQ le boemo ba meriana. Ha ho le ea mong oa karolo ea neng a fuoa meriana. Ts'ebetso ea elektrophisi e ka angoa ke meriana.^{54, 55} Ka hona, liphetho tsa rona ha li kenyeletse phello ea meriana ho ERPs. Taba ea bobeli, bakuli ba nang le IGD ba ne ba e-na le lintlha tse phahameng haholo ho BDI le BAI ha li bapisoa le li-HC. Ho laola litlamorao tse ka bakang pherekano, tlhahlobo ea covariance le lintlha tsa BDI le BAI joalo ka ha li-covariate li ne li etsoa ho litefiso tsa P300, le liphapang tse kholo ho ammopp tsa P300 li ntse li bolokiloe lipakeng tsa lihlopha tse peli. Ntle le moo, ha re ne re hlahlobisisa batho ba nang le IGD kamora ho khetholla ba nang le khatello ea maikutlo kapa khatello ea maikutlo, liphetho li ne li ntse li le bohlokoa. Ho feta moo, ha rea ​​fumana kamano e kholo pakeng tsa amplitude ea P300 le lintlha tsa BDI le BAI. Taba ea boraro, tekanyo ea IAT e sebelisitsoeng ho lekola ho teba ha IGD e ne e le mokhoa oa ho itlhahisa, o neng o ka hloka litšobotsi. Oa bone, moralo oa karolo e kholo o sebelisitsoe thutong ena, empa lipatlisiso tse telele li shebileng barupeluoa ba tšoanang ka nako li ka ba molemo ho feta ho hlakisa nts'etsopele ea bothata bona. Kamora nako, re ne re sena sehlopha sa taolo ea tliliniki joalo ka tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi. Phuputsong e tsoelang pele, ho hlokahala hore ho bapisoe ba IGD le mafu a mang a lemallo ho hlakisa likarolo tsa methapo e amanang le IGD. Leha ho na le meeli ena, liphetho tsa thuto ena li kenya letsoho kutloisisong ea rona ea liphetoho mabapi le karolo ea P300 le kamano ea karolo ena le bofokoli ba neuropsychological bo amanang le IGD.

Qetellong, sephetho sa rona se bonts'itse phokotso ho maqhubu a P300 a sehlopha sa IGD ha a bapisoa le a sehlopha sa HC nakong ea mosebetsi o makatsang oa pherekano. Ntle le moo, boemo bo sa fokotsehang ba karolo ea P300 bo ne bo amana hantle le ho teba ha IGD, e ka emelang bofokoli ts'ebetsong ea tlhaiso-leseling ea tlhahisoleseling le mesebetsi ea tlhokomeliso, hammoho le kamano pakeng tsa karolo ena le tšebeliso ea papali ea methapo ea inthanete. Se fumanoeng ke boithuto ba hona joale se fana ka maikutlo a hore phokotso ea amplitude ea P300 e amanang le ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea boko e ka ba letšoao la neurobiological bakeng sa IGD, e ka fanang ka temohisiso e eketsehileng mekhoeng ea methapo e bakang pherekano ena. Bakeng sa ho khetholla hore na liphetoho tsa li-amplople tsa P300 ho bakuli ba nang le IGD li ka nkuoa e le moetsi oa tšobotsi ea moetsi kapa moetsi oa mmuso, lithuto tse eketsehileng tsa nako e telele le tlhahlobo ea amplitude ea P300 lithutong tse kotsing e kholo ea IGD e lebelletsoe. Ha lits'oants'o tsa P300 li ka ba teng ka har'a batho ba kotsing e kholo ea IGD, karolo ea P300 ea ERP e ka nkuoa e le moetsi oa mekhoa bakeng sa IGD. Ntle le moo, ha lits'oants'o tsa P300 li ka fetoloa le ho ntlafatsoa ha matšoao kamora tlhahlobo ea nako e telele ho bakuli ba nang le IGD, li-index tsa P300 li ka nkuoa e le letšoao la mmuso bakeng sa IGD. Ebe e ka sebelisoa ho lekola tsoelo-pele ea IGD, kapa thibelo le ho kenella kalafo ea kalafo ho bakuli ba IGD.

Ka holimo ho leqephe

Khohlano ea thahasello

Bangoli ba phatlalatsa hore ha ho na likhohlano tsa thahasello.

Ka holimo ho leqephe

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