Patlo ea lingoliloeng e entsoe ka ho sebelisa PubMed le Google Scholar. Mantsoe a latelang a lipatlisiso, hammoho le lintho tse tsoang ho bona, a kentsoe: "temallo ea inthanete," "Facebook," "mecha ea phatlalatso ea sechaba," "libaka tsa marang-rang tsa batho ba bang," "ho lemalla", "ho itšepa" le "boitšoaro ba ho lemalla." ka ts'ebeliso ea inthanete e amohetse lingoloa tse ngata, 'me qetellong tse hlano li ile tsa hlahlojoa ka botebo. Patlo e fumanehang ho Facebook le media le sechaba le ho lemalla lingoloa tsa 58, tseo 25 e ileng ea hlahlojoa ka botebo. Karolo ea bohlano ea lingoloa tsena e bua haholo ka temallo ea Facebook.
Boiteko ba pele ba ho ithuta bokhoba ba marang-rang bo qalile lilemo tse ka bang mashome a mabeli, ha Kimberly Young, e le e mong oa bafuputsi ba pele sebakeng seo, a etsa tlhahiso ea tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo bakeng sa ketsahalo e tsejoang e le "temallo ea inthanete" (3). Leha e sa kenyelelitsoe ho DSM-5, bokhoba ba marang-rang bo nahanoa hore bo arolelana mekhoa e meng ea bohlokoa le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi, joalo ka mamello, ho se tlose, le litlamorao tse mpe (4). Kajeno, bokhoba ba marang-rang bo talingoa e le sesupo sa litheko tsa marang-rang, mme ts'ebeliso e qobelloang ea Facebook e oela kahare ho pono eo.
"Ho lemalla Facebook" ke polelo e qapiloeng ke bafuputsi e sebelisoang ho batho ba sebelisang ts'ebeliso e matla ea khothalletso ea Facebook molemong oa phetoho ea maikutlo, ka litlamorao tse mpe (5). Ka mantsoe a mang, motho ea lemaletseng Facebook a ka ba le tahlehelo e matla ea taolo ha a ntse a tsoela pele ho sebelisa Facebook haholo ntle le litlamorao tsa bophelo ba hae (6). Leha ho le joalo, tšebeliso e fetelletseng e kanna ea se ke ea nkuoa e le lemallo ntle le haeba e le tlamo. mohlala, motho a ka qeta lihora tse telele ho Facebook molemong oa ho sebetsa ntle le ho lemalla (5). Hobane Facebook hajoale ke sebaka sa marang-rang se tsebahalang haholo, le lithuto tse matlafatsang tsa Facebook li sebelisang lithuto tse ling tsa libaka tsa marang-rang tse ling tsa marang-rang (7), tlhahlobo ea hona joale e shebane le bothata bo hlahang ba temallo ea Facebook.
Facebook e lumella basebelisi ho etsa lipapatso le ho etsa khokahano le basebelisi ba bang ba bitsoang "metsoalle." Metsoalle e ka buisana le ba bang ka ho romellana melaetsa le ho arolelana lifoto, livideo kapa lithahasello tsa bona ha ba ntse ba senya leseli ka mesebetsi ea metsoalle ea bona le metsoalle ea metsoalle ea bona. Basebelisi ba ka ntlafatsa lifaele tsa bona ka lisebelisoa tse ngata; mohlala, basebelisi ba ka bapala lipapali, papali ea chelete, 'me ba hlahisa likhetho, hape ba hokahanya libaka tse ling tsa marang-rang tse kang Twitter le Instagram. Facebook e ka sebelisoa ke litsebi ho bapatsa lits'ebeletso tsa bona le ho hokahana le bamameli ba bona. Basebelisi ba lula ba tsebisoa ka ts'ebetso e ncha ea inthanete ke sejoale-joale sa litaba, se ka khothaletsang bokhoba ka ho etsa lintho tse tloahelehileng kemisong e ntlafatsang ea nako ea tumellano (8).
Joalokaha temallo ea Facebook e le mohopolo o hlahelletseng oa ho ithuta, lisebelisoa tsa hajoale tse hlahlobang li entsoe ho ipapisitsoe le mehato ea bokhoba bo bong ba boitšoaro (5). Boholo ba likala tsena li thehiloe likarolong tse tšeletseng tsa mantlha tsa bokhoba ba tahi (9). Mohlala, "Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale" e thehiloe linthong tse tšeletseng tse lekantsoeng sekaleng sa Likert, ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e bonts'ang matšoao a ho lemalla: 1) salience ("U qeta nako e ngata u nahana ka Facebook kapa u rera ho e sebelisa" ); Mamello ea 2 ("U ikutloa u lakatsa ho sebelisa Facebook le ho feta"); 3) feto-fetoha ea maikutlo ("U sebelisa Facebook e le ho lebala ka mathata a hau"); 4) ho oela hape ("U lekile ho fokotsa ts'ebeliso ea Facebook ntle le katleho"); Ho iketla ha 5 (“Ha u sa phomole kapa ua khathatseha haeba u thibetsoe ho sebelisa Facebook”); le 6) (“U sebelisa Facebook haholo hoo ho bileng le phello e mpe mosebetsing / lithuto tsa hau”) (10). Le ha sekala sena se netefalitsoe ka boomo 'meleng, tlhahlobo ea lintlha e senola ho se lekane ka litekanyo, ho bonts'a ho haella ha tumellano ea ho aha (5). Ho haella hona ha tumellano mabapi le conceptualization le tlhahlobo ea tahi ea Facebook ke ntlha ea mantlha ea likhohlano sebakeng sena se ntseng se tsoela pele sa lipatlisiso.
Ho lemalla ho amana le ho se leka-lekane pakeng tsa ts'ebetso lits'ebetsong tse peli tsa bohlokoa tsa boko: ts'ebetso ea methapo ea methapo ea methapo ea methapo le tšebetso ea kelello e bonts'ang bokhachane ba kelello. Ka ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi, ts'ebetso ea amygdala-striatal e na le khatello e matla, e etsa hore ho be le litšusumetso tse matla bakeng sa boitšoaro bo lemalloang, athe "cortex" e tlang pele ho nako e ba le ts'ebetso e kholo, e hlahisang ho sitoa ho emisa boits'oaro bo sa tsitsitseng kamora hore ba qhekelloe (11). Turel et al. (12) ho hlahloba ho kenya letsoho ha lits'ebetso tsena tsa neural ho tšebeliso ea maikutlo ea Facebook. Barupeluoa ba ile ba qeta ho phethela lipotso tsa ho lemalla Facebook. Ebe, ba sebelisa paradigm ea ho ea / ho sa tsamaee e nang le MRI e sebetsang, bafuputsi ba ile ba hlahloba hore na lits'ebetso tsena tsa boko li ile tsa arabela ka tsela e fapaneng joang pakeng tsa matšoao a Facebook le matšoao a sephethephethe le litheko tse tsamaisanang le ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebetso ea kelello. Ba fumane hore bokhoba ba lithethefatsi le tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi tsa Facebook li amahanngoa le khatello ea maikutlo tsamaisong ea amygdala-striatal. Leha ho le joalo, temallo ea Facebook e ne e sa amanngoe le liphetoho phetohong ea cortex ea pele, e fana ka maikutlo a hore batho ba lemaletseng Facebook ba ka ba le bokhoni ba ho emisa boitšoaro ba bona bo sa susumetseng (12). Mokhoa ona oa khatello ea maikutlo le tšusumetso e sa fetoheng o ts'oana le o bonoang temong ea papali ea chelete ea inthanete (13). Leha thuto ena e lekantsoe ke sebopeho sa eona, likaroloana tsena li fana ka maikutlo a hore bokhoba ba litheko tsa marang-rang le bokhoba ba litheko li fapana ka tlase pathophysiology.
Bokhoba ba Facebook bo atile haholo ho barutoana ba koleche mme bo tloaetse ho ba le boemo ba pele ba basali. Litšobotsi tse itseng tsa botho tse joalo ka ho fetela, narcissism, maemo a phahameng a neuroticism, le maemo a tlase a ho itšepa ho tlatselletsa haholo ka ts'ebeliso e qobelloang ea Facebook (10, 14). Ho latela mohlala oa bokhoni ba batho ba Caplan, batho ba jeoang ke bolutu le ba tepelletseng maikutlo ba sebelisanang le marang-rang ba na le tšebeliso e mpe ea ts'ebeliso ea inthanete (15). Tumellanong le sena, bafuputsi ba fumane kamano pakeng tsa ho tšoenyeha le khatello ea maikutlo le tšebeliso e qobelloang ea ts'ebeliso ea Facebook (16), ho fana ka maikutlo a hore batho ba nang le bophelo bo botle ba kelello le kelello ba ka sebelisa Facebook e le ho pholoha bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi. Ho feta moo, Muench et al. (17) e khothalelitse hore ho se sireletsehe sechabeng, joalo ka papiso ea sechaba ("Ke na le maikutlo a hore batho ba bang ba na le maphelo a betere ho feta '), ho tšaba ho lahleha (" Ke ikutloa eka ke fetoa ke litšebelisano tse monate tsa botsoalle ho feta batho ba bang "), le ho tšaba ho Tlhahlobo e mpe ea sechaba ("Ke tšoenyeha ka hore na batho ba bang ba nahana'ng ka nna"), e amanang le tšebeliso e mpe ea Facebook. Leha ho le joalo, ha ho na kamano pakeng tsa lintho tse lemalloang ke Facebook le ho ba teng ha likamano tse ntle tsa batho ba tsoang ka ntle ho marang-rang, ho fana ka maikutlo a hore ho lemalla Facebook ho tsamaisoa haholo ke ts'ireletso ea sechaba ho fapana le ho hloka likamano tse ntle tsa sechaba (17).
Ha e sebelisoa ka teka-tekano, Facebook e ka nolofalletsa likamano le ho ntlafatsa boitšepo (18); leha ho le joalo, tšebeliso e mpe ea bophelo e ka baka litlamorao tse mpe tsa bophelo. Facebook e ka senya ts'ebetso ea thuto, joalo ka Kirschner et al. (19) e fumane hore basebelisi ba Facebook ba na le litekanyetso tse tlase tsa maemo a tlase mme ba qeta lihora tse fokolang ba ithuta ho feta basebelisi bao eseng ba Facebook. Ho ba tlalehileng hore ho bile le phello e mpe tšebetsong ea bona ea thuto, 74% e boletse hore ho sebelisa Facebook ho lieha ho etsa hore ba utloe eka ba ntse ba sebetsa (19). Ts'ebeliso e qobelloang ea Facebook e boetse e bontšitsoe ho senya boroko. Batho ba iphahamisang ka sekhahla sa ts'ebeliso ea litheko tsa Facebook ba lieha ho robala le linako tsa ho phahama matsatsing a beke le mafelo-beke ha ba bapisoa le batho ba nang le lintlha tse ngata tsa ho lemalla Facebook.10). Tokoloho ea ho itlhahisa e ka etsa hore basebelisi ba Facebook ba tloaetse ho hlahisa mefuta ea bona inthaneteng, 'me bafuputsi ba fumane hore ho sebelisa boitsebiso bo bongata haholo ka batho ba bang ho ka etsa hore ba be le mohono. Ka mantsoe a mang, batho ba sebelisang Facebook ba tloaetse ho lumela hore ba bang ba phela bophelo bo betere ho feta bona le hore bophelo ha bo na toka, athe ba nang le bophelo bo mabothobotho bo sebetsang ka ntle ho marang-rang ba bonahala ba e-na le pono e leka-lekaneng ea bophelo ba batho ba bang (20). A sebelisa khopolo ea maemo a sechaba ea khatello ea maikutlo, Tandoc et al. (21) ba bolela hore mohono o hlahisoang ke tlholisano ea maemo sechabeng o ka etsa hore batho ba hlaseloe ke khatello ea maikutlo. Ba fumane hore maikutlo a mohono a qholotsoa ka ho sebelisa Facebook bakeng sa ho lekola matšoao a khatello ea maikutlo, ka ho lekola ho fetisa boitsebiso ba batho ba bang ka boomo (21). Ntle le moo, mabapi le likamano tsa lerato, Elphinston et al. (22) fumana khokahano lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso e thata ea Facebook le ho se khotsofale kamanong ka lebaka la boitšoaro bo bokhutšoanyane ba poulelo le boits'oaro.
Hajoale, ha ho na mekhoa e tobileng ea kalafo bakeng sa ho lemalla Facebook, ka hona bafuputsi ba khothaletsa ho sebelisa maano a sebelisitsoeng ho phekola bokhoba ba marang-rang (6). Mekhoa ea Psychotherapeutic e kenyelletsa kalafo ea kelello-boits'oaro le tlhabollo ea likhahla. Nakong e fetileng, bareki ba rutoa ho hlophisa bocha litumelo tse ling tse fosahetseng le menahano e tlisoang ke tlokotsi, joalo ka "motho e mong le e mong o phela bophelo bo betere ho feta nna." Qetellong, bareki ba etelloa pele lipuisanong tsa ho etsa lipuisano ha ba ntse ba kenyelletsa lelapa le lithaka. Li-agents tsa pharmacologic hangata li khethoa ho latela li-comorbidities tse teng, joalo ka khatello ea maikutlo (6).
Ho lemalla Facebook ke bothata bo hlahang, 'me lipatlisiso mabapi le tšebeliso ea Facebook tse mahlonoko li maemong a ho amohela. Boholo ba bopaki bo thehiloe lithutong tse sebetsanang le tšebeliso ea tlhaiso-leseling har'a batho ba fuoeng liithuti tsa koleche. Kahoo, lipatlisiso tsa nako e tlang li ka sebelisa meralo e mengata ea ho ithuta ho nka nako e telele ho feta har'a baahi ba bangata haholo. Lintlha tsa boleng li ka thusa ho utloisisa litebello tsa basebelisi le matšoao letsatsi le letsatsi, 'me likhakanyo tsa bona tsa matla li ka kenya letsoho ho nts'etsapele sekala se nang le bonnete ba ts'ebetso. Ho fihlela ka nako eo, ho hlokahala lipatlisiso tse eketsehileng ho netefatsa ho lemalla ha Facebook e le ntho ea bohlokoa ka tliliniki.
- Ho lemalla Facebook ke mokhoa o lemalloang ho tsoa bokhobeng ba marang-rang o nang le tšebeliso e fetelletseng ea ts'ebeliso ea Facebook.
- Mabaka a kotsi a ho lemalla ha Facebook a kenyelletsa narcissism, overversion, neuroticism le ho se sireletsehe sechabeng.
- E ts'oanang le lits'oants'o tse ling, batho ba nang le temallo ea Facebook ba ka hlahisa matšoao a mamello, ho tlohela, ho se tsitse, likhohlano le ho oela hape.
- Mekhoa ea phekolo ea ho lemalla Facebook e kenyeletsa psychotherapy le pharmacotherapy ho phekola li-comorbidities tse teng.
Sengoli se leboha Katherine Akers, Ph.D., Dr. Richard Balon, MD, le Mme Lorie Jacob, Sc.M. ka thuso ea bona e kholo mabapi le sengoloa sena.
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