Bothata ba ho bapala lipapali tsa Inthanete: Kotsi ea Theknoloji (2016)

Int J Kotsi e Kholo ea Behav. Selemo sa 2015; 4 (4): e26359.

E hatisitsoe Inthaneteng 2015 Dec 19. doi:  10.5812 / ijhrba.26359

PMCID: PMC4744898

inahaneloang

Selelekela:

Marang-rang a nkoa e le sesebelisoa se molemo lipatlisisong, puisanong le tsebong. Leha ho le joalo, ts'ebeliso ea eona e feteletseng le e telele e na le monyetla oa ho baka ho lemalla. Tlhahiso ea kotsi ena ea mahlale a morao-rao e ka fapana ho tloha ho khatello ea maikutlo ea maemo a bophelo le pherekano e kholo ea boits'oaro le boitlhokomelo. Ha ho thuto e tlalehiloeng ka bokhoba ba papali ea inthanete e fumanehang India.

Tlaleho ea Taba:

Re tlalehile nyeoe ea bara ba motho ba babeli, ba fumanoeng ba e-na le lekhoba la lipapali tsa inthanete, ba bonts'itseng boits'oaro bo hlephileng mme ba beha boitaolo ba bona hampe. Boemo bona bo ne bo laoloa ke kalafo ea meriana le e seng ea litlhare, ka ntlafatso e tsitsitseng kamora ho latela likhoeli tsa 6.

Qeto:

Ho lemalla lipapali tsa inthanete ho ka baka mathata a tebileng a botho, a sechaba le a mosebetsi. Leha e na le mefuta e fapaneng ea boima le linehelano tse fapaneng tsa lefu lena, DSM-5 ha e na sehlophisi se matla. Ho khetholla kapele le taolo ho ka baka ho hlaphoheloa ka botlalo.

Keywords: Boitšoaro, Bokhoba; Inthanete

1. Selelekela

Keketseho e potlakileng le e pharalletseng ea inthanete e hlahisitse menyetla e metle ea lipatlisiso, puisano le tlhaiso-leseling. E na le thuso ho isa bohōleng bo itseng, mohlolo ona oa sejoale-joale oa mahlale o bakile haholo ho theoha hoa bophelo bo botle ba 'meleng le kelellong ka lebaka la matla a ona a ho baka bokhoba ba mofuta oa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​ho bapala papali e feteletseng, ho qoqa nako e telele, ho becha le ho reka inthaneteng.

Goldberg ka 1995 o ile a hlahisa poleloana “bokhoba ba inthanete” bakeng sa ts'ebeliso e mpe ea marang-rang ea marang-rang (). Ho bapala papali ea inthanete ho feta tekano ho hlalositsoe e le mofuta o itseng oa bokhoba ba inthanete (). Ho latela litlaleho tse ling, ho fihlela ho 90% ea bacha ba Amerika ba bapala lipapali tsa video mme ba ka bang 15% ba bona ba ka lemalla (). Mathata a lipapali tsa inthanete a behiloe sehlopheng sa III sa DSM-5 (). Leha ho le joalo, ha e so ka e aroloa tlasa mathata a mantlha kaha bopaki bo lekaneng bo thehiloeng lipatlisisong bo haella. Pontšo ea bothata ba lipapali tsa inthanete e ka fapana ho tloha ho khatello e bonolo ea maemo a bophelo le pherekano e mpe ea boits'oaro le boitlhokomelo. Leha ho le joalo, DSM-5 ha e na karohano ea matla. Kutloisiso ea bokhoba ba inthanete e ntse e le mehatong ea pele naheng ea India. Ha ho na lithuto tse tlalehiloeng ka bokhoba ba papali ea inthanete tse fumanehang India. Re tlaleha bara ba motho ba babeli ba fumanoeng ba e-na le lekhoba la lipapali tsa inthanete, ba nang le boits'oaro bo hlephileng mme ba itlhokometse hampe. Re ile ra sebetsana le bothata ba bona ka kalafo ea boits'oaro le fluoxetine.

2. Tlaleho ea Pale

Messer A le B e ne e le bara ba motho ba babeli ba sa nyalanang, ba lelapa la nyutlelie la maemo a holimo moruong oa moruo le semelo sa litoropo tsa Delhi. Mr A o lilemo li 19, o ithuta ho 12th standard ha Monghali B a le lilemo li 22, a ithuta a le 2nd selemo sa boenjineri Haryana, India.

Barab'abo bona ka bobeli ba tlisitsoe ke batsoali ba bona ka litletlebo tsa ho qala ka bolotsana, butle-butle lipapali tsa inthanete tse fetelletseng, ho teneha, phokotso ea ts'ebetso ea lithuto, le boits'oaro ba boithati bakeng sa lilemo tse 2 tse fetileng. Bothata bo qalile ha bara bao babo rona ba babeli ba lula hammoho hae mme ba qala ho bapala papali ea inthanete le metsoalle ea bona ea Inthanete e tsoang linaheng tse fapaneng. Ka lebaka la phapang ea GMT (Greenwich e bolela nako) ho phatlalla le linaha tsohle, ba ne ba sena nako e khethehileng ea lipapali mme ka hona papali e ne e sitisa boroko le mesebetsi ea bona ea letsatsi le letsatsi. Nako ea papali ea inthanete e tsoetse pele ho tloha lihora tse 2 ho isa ho tse 4 ka letsatsi ho isa ho lihora tse 14 ho isa ho tse 18 ka letsatsi likhoeling tse 'maloa tsa pele. Boitšoaro le boitlhokomelo ba bara bana babo rona li ile tsa senyeha ebile tsa se hlophisehe hoo ha ba ntse ba bapala lipapali, ba neng ba ntša metsi le ho itšila ka liphahlo tsa bona, ba sa fetole liaparo matsatsi, ba sa hlape, ba sa je lijo tsa bona, ba sa nke lifono kapa ho bula mamati le ho batsoali ba bona. Ba ne ba sa tšoenyehe leha batho bao ba sa ba tsebeng ba kena ka tlung ba le teng mme ba utsoetsa ntlo. Ntlo ea bona e utsoelitsoe chelete habeli le lingoliloeng tse turang ba le teng, likhoeling tse 2 tse fetileng ha ba ne ba phathahane ka ho bapala lipapali tsa inthanete. Ka bobeli ba ile ba hloleha lihlopheng tsa bona selemong se fetileng leha e ne e le baithuti ba ipabolang. Ba ile ba hoeletsa batsoali, ba ba hlekefetsa mme ba ba otla mme ba ba ba notlela ka likamoreng tsa bona ha ba emisoa ho bapala papali.

Bakuli ba ile ba amoheloa ka lebaka la mathata a kaholimo, ho tiea ha bokhoba ba papali. Tlhahlobo ea bona ea 'mele, tlhahlobo ea "systemic" le "laboratori" li ne li le maemong a tloaelehileng. Ha ho buisanoa le lipotso, ho teneha le ho lakatsa lipapali ho ile ha hlahisoa. Ha ho matšoao a psychotic a tlalehiloeng kapa a hlahisitsoeng. Morero oa kalafo e ne e le ho fokotsa ho teneha, ho ntlafatsa boroko, tloaelo ea letsatsi le letsatsi, le ho itlhokomela hammoho le ho matlafatsa tšusumetso le ho fokotsa takatso ea lipapali tsa inthanete ho thibela ho khutlela morao nakong e tlang. Tlhatlhobo ea "psychometric" ea "diagnostic" e senotse mathata a taolo ea tšusumetso, likhathatso tse sithabetsang le tlolo ea molao ho bara ka bobeli.

Fluoxetine 20 mg / letsatsi e qaliloe (e nyolohetse ho 40 mg / letsatsi) hammoho le clonazepam 0.5 mg kamoo ho hlokahalang bakeng sa boroko. Mekhoa e sa sebeliseng litlhare e ne e le eona lula ea mantlha ea taolo. E ne e kenyelletsa ho beha moeli, lipotso tse khothatsang, kalafo e matlafatsang, ho hlophisa mesebetsi, kalafo ea lelapa le ea motho ka mong, mekhoa ea tšitiso le matlafatso e ntle ho sebelisa melaoana ea kalafo ea boits'oaro. Khoeling e le 'ngoe ba lula sepetlele, bakuli ka bobeli ba ile ba ntlafala haholo ka ho fokotsa ho teneha le takatso ea lipapali tsa inthanete, ho itlhokomela hantle le bohloeki, ho robala hantle le ho thahasella lithuto. Ntlafatso e bolokiloeng nakong ea likhoeli tse 6 e latela, le kamora ho emisa fluoxetine ka mekhoa e bonolo ea kalafo ea boits'oaro e sebelisang batsoali joalo ka litsebi tsa kalafo.

3. Puisano

Ha ho pelaelo hore Inthanete ke moqapi o tsotehang. Ha e sebelisoa hantle ka sepheo se setle, e na le boleng bo boholo ba theknoloji lipatlisisong, puisanong, tlhahisoleseling, mesebetsing ea boikhathollo, litšebelisanong tsa khoebo le ho ithuteng. Leha ho le joalo, ho lula ho na le lehlakore le lefifi ho mahlale a macha. Mabapi le Marang-rang, e fetohela bokhobeng boo e leng mohopolo oa morao-rao ebile o ntse o le lipatlisisong. Ho lemalla lipapali tsa Inthanete ke ntho ea morao-rao lefatšeng la Marang-rang (). Ho bacha ba bangata, ho qeta nako ba sebelisa komporo ho bolela ho bapala lipapali tsa video tse fumanehang marang-rang. Khamphani ea lipatlisiso tsa mmaraka e hakanyelitse 'maraka oa China oa ho bapala inthaneteng ka chelete e kaalo ka $ 12 billion ka 2013. Sengoloa sa morao-rao sa tlhahlobo se tlalehile likhakanyo tsa bongata ho tloha ho 0.2% Jeremane ho isa ho 50% ho bacha ba Korea ().

Le ha bothata ba lipapali tsa inthanete bo sa khetholloe tlasa mathata a mantlha a DSM-5, bafuputsi ba hlokometse hore lipapali tsa inthanete li ntse li sebelisoa haholo ke batho ba lilemo tsohle, haholoholo batho ba tlase lilemong, ba ka tobanang le litlamorao tse mpe tse amanang le ts'ebeliso e tlamang ea lipapali (). Ho latela DSM-5 (), Bothata ba ho bapala Inthaneteng bo bua ka "ts'ebeliso e phehellang le e iphetang ea inthanete ea ho kenella lipapaling, hangata le libapali tse ling, e lebisang ho holofaleheng ho hoholo kelellong kapa mahlomoleng joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe ke litekanyetso tsa 5 (kapa ho feta) nakong ea likhoeli tse 12." Mekhoa ena e kenyelletsa ho haella ha taolo ea ts'ebeliso ea lipapali tsa inthanete, ho ameha haholo ka lipapali tsa inthanete, ho ikhula kelellong, ho nts'etsapele mamello bakeng sa lipapali le tlhoko ea ts'ebeliso ea lipapali, tahlehelo ea lithahasello tse ling tsa bohlokoa, ts'ebeliso ea lipapali tsa inthanete leha ho na le litlamorao tse mpe, le ho fokotseha ho hoholo libakeng tsa sechaba le tsa mosebetsi (, ). Matšoao ana kaofela a ile a bonoa kapa a tlalehoa tlalehong ea bakuli e hlalositsoeng. Ho lemalla lipapali tsa inthanete ke bothata bo hlalosoang haholo ka lipapali tse tsejoang e le lipapali tsa libapali tse ngata tsa inthanete (MMOs) () le lipapali tsa papali ea papali-kholo tse bapaloang haholo (MMORPGs) joalo ka World of Warcraft (). Li-MMORPG ke lipapali tse bapaloang ke libapali tse likete ka nako e le 'ngoe (batho ba bangata haholo). Hobane lipapali tsena li bapaloa inthaneteng, ha ho na meeli ea sebaka kapa ea nakoana mme li lumella libapali ho nka likarolo tse fapaneng tse fapaneng. Li-MMORPG li sebelisa melao-motheo ea boemo ba ts'ebetso ka ho matlafatsa haholo mehlala ea meputso e sa reroang. Kahoo, lipapali tsena li entsoe ka boqhetseke ho eketsa nako eo sebapali se lulang papaling eo. Ho ile ha bonoa se tšoanang ho bakuli moo ba neng ba tloaetse ho bapala lipapali tse joalo le metsoalle e fumanehang linaheng tse fapaneng le ka linako tse ling tse sa tloaelehang.

Ho na le ngongoreho e ntseng e hola ka litlamorao tse 'maloa tse mpe tse amanang le ho lemalla papali ea inthanete. Liphello tsa kelello lia fapana 'me li kenyelletsa bothata likamanong tsa bophelo ba sebele, pherekano ea boroko, mosebetsi, thuto, boithabiso, tlhokomelo, barutehi le mohopolo. E ka kenyelletsa mabifi le bora, khatello ea maikutlo le bolutu bo phahameng (, -). Bongata ba litšitiso tsena li ne li bonahala ho bakuli ka bobeli.

Ha ho nahanoa likarolo tse arolelanoeng le mathata a tahi, a totobetseng ho tsoa nyeoeng e kaholimo, bokhoba ba papali ea inthanete bo ka beoa haufi le mathata a mantlha litsamaisong tsa bokamoso tsa karolelano. DSM-5 e hloka ho nahanisisa ka matla a khethollang lefu lena, le ka hlahisang ka mokhoa o fapaneng ho latela litaba le mofuta oa lipapali, moetlo oa papali, le mofuta oa botho o amanang le ona. Bokhoba ba inthanete ke sehlopha se secha se hlahang sa mathata naheng ea India (). E atile ebile e hasane ho pholletsa le kontinenteng e kantle ho naha, leha ho na le litsamaiso tse tebileng tsa malapa le taolo ea batsoali. Lithuto tse hlophisitsoeng li hloka ho etsoa kontinenteng ea India ho lekola ho ata le mofuta oa bokhoba ba papali. Mehato ea bohlokoa ea ho koala seoa sena se ntseng se fetoha e tlameha ho nkuoa ka mokhoa oa lithibelo tsa molao mabapi le thekiso / theko, ho beha moeli oa lilemo, le ho thibela phihlello ea lipapali tsa inthanete.

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