Inthaneteng-Based Analysis e Senola Mosebetsing oa ho Kopana Ho amana le Internet Addiction Tendency (2016)

Front Hum Neurosci. 2016; 10: 6.

E hatisitsoe Inthaneteng 2016 Feb 1. doi: 10.3389 / fnhum.2016.00006

PMCID: PMC4740778

Tanya Wen^1,^2,^* 'me Shulan Hsieh^1,^3,^4,^*

Boitsebiso ba Mongoli ► Sehlooho sa Article ► Tlhahisoleseding ea Copyright le License ►

inahaneloang

Ho tsepamisa mohopolo le tšebeliso e matla ea marang-rang ho ka ba le litlamorao tse mpe tsa kelello, hoo ho ntseng ho tsebahala hore ke bokuli ba kelello. Phuputso e teng hona joale e sebelisitse lipalo-palo tse thehiloeng marang-rang ho lekola hore na likhokahano tsa boko kaofela li sebetsa joang ho latela boemo ba motho ea lemaletseng marang-rang, bo pakiloeng ke lipotso tse ikarotseng. Re lemohile marang-rang a mabeli a bohlokoa haholo, e 'ngoe e e-na le likhokelo tse amanang hantle le tšebeliso ea bokhoba ba marang-rang,' me e le e 'ngoe e amanang le khokahano ea tumello ea inthanete. Marang-rang ana a mabeli a hokahane haholo libakeng tse ka pele, tse ka bonts'ang liphetoho sebakeng sa pele bakeng sa likarolo tse fapaneng tsa taolo ea kelello (ke hore, bakeng sa taolo ea ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang le tsebo ea papali). Ka mor'a moo, re ile ra arola boko ho ba likarolo tse 'maloa tse kholo tsa tikoloho,' me ra fumana hore boholo ba bongata ba likhokahano ho likhokahano tsena tse peli bo tsamaisana le mohlala oa ts'ebetso ea lemallo o akaretsang mofuta oa potoloho e mene.

Qetellong, re hlokometse hore likarolo tsa boko tse nang le likhokahano tse ngata tsa tikoloho tse amanang le ts'ebeliso ea litheko tsa inthanete li etsa lintho tse tšoanang le tseo hangata li bonoang ho lingoliloeng tse lemalloang, 'me li thehiloe ke tlhahlobo ea rona ea meta-lithuto tsa marang-rang. Patlisiso ena e fana ka kutlwisiso e ntlafalitsoeng ea marang-rang a maholo a amehang tšekamelong ea bokhoba ba marang-rang mme e bonts'a hore maemo a pele a kliniki ea ho lemalla marang-rang a amana le libaka tse tšoanang le likhokahano tsa bongaka tsa tlhekefetso.

Keywords: ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang, lipalo-palo tse thehiloeng marang-rang, khokahano e sebetsang, mmuso oa phomolo, tlhahlobo ea meta

Selelekela

Bokhoba ba marang-rang (OReilly, 1996; E monyenyane, 1998) ke ketsahalo ea sejoale-joale e tsebahalang ka ho itšunya-tšunya le tšebeliso e matla ea inthanete. Ka ho khetheha, bothata ba lipapali tsa marang-rang (IGD) bo thathamisitsoe Karolong ea boraro ea mofuta oa Diagnostic and Statistical Manual version 5 (DSM-5^®, American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013). Ka lebaka la khaello ea tlhahlobo e tloaelehileng, lingoliloeng tse ling li ile tsa nka poleloana e 'meli joalo ka lebitso (bona Petry le O'Brien, 2013; Petry et al., 2014 bakeng sa moqoqo); leha ho le joalo, ts'ebeliso e matla le e fetelletseng ea marang-rang bakeng sa ts'ebetso efe kapa efe (eo re tla e bua ka lingoliloeng tsena e le tšebeliso ea marang-rang) e atile lefatšeng ka bophara ho feta sehlahisoa sa eona se seholo sa subtype IGD, se ka kenyelletsang mekhoa e mengata ea ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang ho kenyelletsa papali ea inthanete (Griffiths le Pontes, 2014; Király et al., 2014; Petry et al., 2014). Boithuto ba rona ba hajoale bo lekola ho lemalla ha inthanete ka mokhoa o akaretsang. E ts'oanang le mathata a ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi, ho lemalla tahi ea inthanete ho bonts'a matšoao a ho khaotsa, ho mamella, tahlehelo ea taolo, le mathata a kelello, a lebisang ho sithabetsing ho hoholo kapa ho fokola ha ts'ebetso ea letsatsi le letsatsi. Prevalence e shebahala e le linaha tse phahameng haholo tsa Asia le lilemong tsa bocha tsa banna, mme ho hakanngoa hore e tla tloha ho 14.1 ho isa 16.5% (95 pherekano ea kholiseho) hara baithuti ba koleche ea Taiwan thutong e le 'ngoe (Lin et al., 2011). Ketsahalo ena esale e hohela tlhokomelo e fetang lilemong tse 'maloa tse fetileng mme ho hlakile hore e tšoanela ho etsa lipatlisiso tse ling.

Ho sebelisitsoe mokhoa oa matla oa ts'ebetso ea matla a matla a khoheli (fMRI) ho khetholla likarolo tse ka morao tsa bokhoba ba marang-rang, bo ileng ba bonts'a li-signature tse tšoanang tsa boko le lithethefatsi tse amanang le lithethefatsi. (Kuss le Griffiths, 2012; Brand et al., 2014; Meng et al., 2015). Lithutong tse koetsoeng tse amanang le ketsahalo, libaka tse 'maloa tse amanang le moputso, bokhoba le takatso ea litakatso li bonoa ka ho bapisa litheko tsa libapali tsa inthanete ka motheo, tse kenyelletsang insula, nucleus accumbens (NAc), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and orbital frontal cortex (OFC) (Hoeft et al., 2008; Ko et al., 2009; Han et al., 2010; Letsatsi le al., 2012; Ko et al., 2013). Leha ho le joalo, mekhoa e amanang le ts'ebetso e bapisa ts'ebetso e amanang le cue mme ha e sebetse hore na likarolo tsa boko li sebelisana joang, 'me ka hona li ke ke tsa khetholla likhokahanyo tse sebetsang tse amanang le mehato ea bongaka kapa boits'oaro; leha ho le joalo mathata a batho ke a bakoang ke pherekano tsamaisong e rarahaneng (e kopaneng).Fornito le Bullmore, 2015). Kenyelletso ea fMRI ea ho phomola e ipakile e le sesebelisoa se matla sa ho ithuta khokahano ea methapo ea kutlo ea bongo (van den Heuvel le Pol, 2010). Khokahano ea tšebetsong ea boemo ba phomolo e hlahlojoa ka ho lumellana ha matšoao a feto-fetohang a phallo ea oksijene ea mali (BOLD) libakeng tse fapaneng tsa boko mme ho nahanoa hore e fana ka karolo ea mokhatlo oa eona o sebetsang, hape e ka thusa ho supa litšebelisano tse sa tloaelehang lipakeng tsa likarolo tsa boko. ka har'a ponahalo ea phenotypes ea kelello (Biswal et al., 2010; Craddock et al., 2013).

Leha ho bile le liphuputso tse sebelisitseng khokahano e sebetsang ho etsa lipatlisiso mabapi le tšebeliso e hokahantsoeng ea ts'ebetso e amanang le tšebeliso ea marang-rang, lithuto tse ngata li sebelisitse libaka tsa peo tse khethiloeng esale pele, e ka ba (a) amanang le sebaka se le seng sa peo le li-voxels tsa boko bohle [Hoeft et al., 2008 sebelisitse NAc; Lorenz et al., 2013 o sebelisitse gyrus e nepahetseng e ka tlase e nepahetseng (IFG); Ding et al., 2013 o sebelisitse posterior cingulate cortex (PCC); Ko et al., 2015 sebelisa amygdala; Zhang et al., 2015 sebelisa insula; Hong et al., 2015 o sebelisitse kinus ea caudate le putamen; Kühn le Gallinat, 2015 sebelisa poleiti e ka pele e ka pele; Li et al., 2015 o sebelisitse DLPFC e nepahetseng kapa (b) a etsa lihokelo pakeng tsa li-ROI tse hlalositsoeng hangata tse khethiloeng ho tsoa marang-rang a nang le moelelo (Yuan et al., 2015 lekola marangrang a maholo a botsamaisi le marang-rang a masholu; Dong et al., 2015b lekola marangrang a taolo ea phethahatso; Dong et al., 2015a lekola marangrang a taolo ea phethahatso le marang-rang a moputso; Li et al., 2014 hlahloba marang-rang a thibelo ea karabo; Lin et al., 2015 hlahlobisisa tse tšeletseng tse hlalositsoeng pele tsa corticostriatal ROIs. Likarolo tsa peo tse hlalositsoeng esale pele li supa karolo e nyane feela ea boko, ka hona ba ka se khone ho fana ka setšoantšo se felletseng sa hore khokahano e anngoe ke ho lemalla marang-rang.

Ke lithuto tse fokolang haholo tse sebelisitseng mokhoa oa kelello ka botlalo ho ithuta ho lemalla tahi ea inthanete. Ho tsebo ea rona, hajoale ho na le lipampiri tse 'ne feela tse hatisitsoeng tse amohetseng mokhoa oa boko bohle, mme mekhoa ea bona e fapana haholo, ho tloha ka lipalo-palo tse thehiloeng marang-rang (NBS; Hong et al., 2013) ho topology (Hong et al., 2013; Wee et al., 2014; Park et al., 2015) ho inthanete e ntlafalitsoeng ea voxel-mirrored Homotopic (Wang et al., 2015). Ka ho khetheha, Hong et al. (2013) o sebelisitse NBS ho tseba phapang lipakeng tsa sehlopha pakeng tsa khokahano ea tšebetsong ea libaka, mme a fumana likhokahano tse senyehileng tse kentsoeng lipotolohong tsa cortico-subcortical ho bakuli ba lemaletseng marang-rang. Leha ho le joalo, boithuto ba bona bo ne bo shebile boholo bo fokolang ba sampole ea baahi ba ikhethang (bacha ba lilemong tsa pele tsa monna).

Ka hona, pampiring ea rona ea hona joale, re nkile qeto ea ho sebelisa mokhoa oa khokahano ea boko ka botlalo, NBS (Zalesky et al., 2010a; Han et al., 2013), ho khetholla likhokahano tse sebetsang tse boletsoeng esale pele ka tloaelo ea bokhoba ba marang-rang. NBS ke mokhoa o netefalitsoeng oa lipalo ho sebetsana le bothata bo bongata ba papiso ho graph, ho a thabisa ho latela mekhoa e thehiloeng ho sehlopha (Li-Nichols le Holmes, 2002), hape e sebelisetsoa ho hokela likhokahano le likhokahano tse kenyelletsang khokahano ea motho e amanang le sephetho sa liteko kapa phapang pakeng tsa sehlopha ka ho hlahloba mohopolo ka boikemelo kopanong e 'ngoe le e' ngoe. Liphetho tsa rona li tla bapisoa le ho feta, le tlhaiso-leseling ea lipampiri tse teng tse amanang le tumellano ea methapo ea inthanete. Re ts'epa ho eketsa lingoliloeng tse seng li ntse li le teng ka mekhoa e mengata: (1) Re ts'epa ho fana ka setšoantšo se felletseng sa ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang ka ho sebelisa tlhahlobo ea kelello ka botlalo ho sebelisa libaka tse fokolang feela tse hlalositsoeng peo. (2) Leha ho na le lithuto tse ngata tsa khokahano ea kelello ea kelello ka ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea inthanete (mohlala, Hong et al., 2013; Wang et al., 2015), lithuto li bapisitse lihlopha tsa bokhoba ba marang-rang le taolo e phetseng hantle. Boithuto ba rona bo ne bo sa kenyeletse bakuli ba mofuta ofe kapa ofe oa bakuli, empa tšobotsi ea tloaelo ea ho lemalla inthanete e le gradient. Re ts'epa ho supa likhokahano tse sebetsang tseo matla a tsona a fetoloang ka maemo a bokhoba. (3) Boithuto bo bongata ba ho lemalla marang-rang ha bo e-so ho nahane ka taba ea "cerebellum", leha ho le joalo, "cerebellum" e hlahisitsoe e le sebaka sa bohlokoa ka ho lemalla.Moulton et al., 2014). Kahoo, re kenyellelitse cerebellum tlhahlobisong ea rona. (4) Lithuto tse ngata li fokolitse sehlopha sa bona se nkang karolo ho ba batona, 'me hangata li na le mehlala e fokolang ea mohlala (mohlala, Hong et al., 2013, 2015; Kühn le Gallinat, 2015). Ho eketsa kakaretso le matla a lithuto tsena, ho hlokahala sampole tse nang le ba batona le boholo ba sampole e kholo (Li et al., 2015). Ka ho sebetsana le mathata a kaholimo, thuto ea hajoale e ts'epa ho fana ka kutlwisiso e hlakileng ea hore na ts'ebetso e hokahaneng e amana joang le tšebeliso ea temallo ea inthanete.

Lisebelisoa le mekhoa

Meta-Analysis

Tlhahlobo ea meta e thehiloe ho sebelisoa database sa NeuroSynth (http://neurosynth.org; Yarkoni et al., 2011). Tlhahlobo e hlophisitsoeng e entsoe ka ho sebelisa mantsoe a ho batla “bokhoba,” “bokhoba,” “inthanete,” “papali,” “papali” le “inthaneteng” ho khetholla lithuto tse amanang le bokhoba ba marang-rang sebakeng sa database. Mekhoa ea ho kenyelletsa e netefalitsoe ka letsoho, mme lenane la lithuto le kenyelelitsoe le qaqisitsoe ho Supplementary Equipment 1. Palo ea lithuto tsa 18 ka kakaretso e kenyelelitsoe. Li-activation tsa peak activation hammoho le sebaka sa eona sa li-voxels tsa 6 mm li ile tsa ntšoa lithuto tse kenyelelitsoeng. Ka mor'a moo, ho ile ha etsoa tlhahlobo ea "meta" ea likhokahano tsena, 'me ea etsa hore kelello le bokamoso bo hlomphuoe ka botlalo zlimmapa tsa. Limmapa tse nang le tšupiso ea pele li bontša menyetla ea hore setereke se sebetse ha se fuoe mantsoe ana [P(activation | Terms)], ka hona, ho re tsebisa ka ho ts'oana ha ts'ebetso ea mantsoe a fanoeng. 'Mapa o rehellang morao o bonts'a menyetla ea hore mantsoe ana a sebelisoa thutong e fanoeng boteng ba ts'ebetso e tlalehiloeng [P(mantsoe | ts'ebetso)]; ka hona tikoloho e hlahisoang e bonts'a monyetla oa ho ba thuto e amanang le bokhoba ba marang-rang ho feta thuto e amanang le tšebeliso ea litheko tsa inthanete, e bonts'a khethollo ea sebaka seo. Kaha ho shebella ka bobeli ho ea pele le ho khutlisetsa maikutlo morao ho bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho re thusa ho utloisisa libaka tse amanang le ts'ibollo ea marang-rang, re fetisitse limmapa tsena tse peli tsa ponts'o ho bontša libaka tsa bona tse tloaelehileng. Li-lihlopha tse kholo ho feta li-voxel tse hlano li tlalehiloe.

FMRI ea phomolo

barupeluoa ba

Barupeluoa ba 40 ba phetseng hantle (ba batona ba 21 le basali ba 26) ba tsoang boroa ho Taiwan, bao boholo ba bona e leng baithuti kapa basebetsi univesithing, ba ileng ba hapuoa ka lipapatso, ho nka karolo litekong (lilemo tsa lilemo = 19-29, ho bolela lilemo = 22.87 lilemo, SD = Lilemo tsa 2.22). Barupeluoa ba ne ba tsamaea ka letsohong le letona (le bontšitsoeng ke Edinburgh Handedness Inventory), ba ne ba e-na le pono e tloaelehileng kapa e nepahetseng, 'me ho se na nalane ea mathata a kelello kapa a neural. Matšoenyeho a bona, ho tšoenyeha le ho ba le lintlha tsa bohlale li ne li le ka har'a maemo a tloaelehileng [Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI)): 0-12; Sekolo sa Beck's Anxcare Inventory (BAI): 0-7; Moetso oa tlhahlobo ea "litekanyetso" tsa "litekanyetso" tsa "litere" tsa "RNUMX-35" Palo ea Chen Internet Addiction Scale-Revised (CIAS-R) ea barupeluoa bohle e ne e le = = 57-28, e bolelang = 92, SD = 16.53. Lethathamo Lethathamo11 e akaretsa lintlha le tlhaiso-leseling ea batho ba nkang karolo. Ho nepahala ha kakaretso ea CIAS-R ho netefalitsoe ke tlhahlobo ea Shapiro-Wilk [W(47) = 0.98, p = 0.50]. Ha ho na khokahano ea bohlokoa lipakeng tsa bong le tekanyetso ea CIAS-R (Spearman's ρ = 0.15, p = 0.30). Barupeluoa bohle ba fane ka tumello e ngotsoeng e nang le tsebo, mme protocol ea ho ithuta e amohetsoe (NO: B-ER-101-144) ke Boto ea Institutional Review Board (IRB) ea Sepetlele sa Sechaba sa Cheng Kung, Tainan, Taiwan. Barupeluoa bohle ba ile ba lefuoa 500 NTD kamora ho qeta tlhahlobo.

Tlhahisoleseling ea demographic le litloaelo tsa boits'oaro.

Lenaneo la lipotso la Chen Internet Addiction Scale-Revised (CIAS-R)

Lenaneo la Ts'ireletso ea Inthanete ea Chen Inthaneteng (CIAS-R; Chen le al., 2003) ke tekanyetso ea 26 e sebelisetsoang ho lekola ho teba ha lithethefatsi tsa inthanete. CIAS-R e ipapisitse le litekanyetso tsa boitšoaro tsa tlatsetso tsa DSM-IV-TR mme e na le likhakanyo tse peli tsa taolo ea marang-rang (a) matšoao a mantlha le (b) mathata a amanang, ho hlahloba likarolo tse hlano ho kenyelletsa (1) ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang e khothalletsoang, (2) matšoao ha marang-rang a tlosoa, (3) mamello, (4) likotsi tsa likamano tsa batho le bophelo bo botle ba 'mele, le (5) mathata a taolo ea nako. Lintho li lekantsoe sethaleng sa 4-point Likert, ka lintlha tse felletseng ho tloha 26 ho 104, e bonts'a tšekamelo e phahameng ea bokhoba ba marang-rang. Ho bontšitsoe hore CIAS-R e na le maemo a mangata a ka hare (Cronbach's α = 0.79-0.93; Chen le al., 2003) le ho nepahala ho phahameng ha tlhahlobo ea mafu (AUC = 89.6%; Ko et al., 2005). Phuputsong e teng hona joale, kakaretso ea CIAS-R e sebelisitsoe e le sesupo sa boemo ba hajoale ba karolo ea bokhoba ba marang-rang.

Ho Fumana litšoantšo le ho e sebetsa

Ho etsa litšoantšo ho entsoe ho sebelisoa sehatisi sa GE MR750 3T (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI, USA) bohareng ba MRI Univesithing ea Cheng Kung. Litšoantšo tse phahameng tsa li-anatomical li ile tsa fumanoa li sebelisoa ka lebelo le potlakileng la SPGR, le neng le e-na le masenke a 166 axial (TR = 7.6 ms, TE = 3.3 ms, Flip angle 171 =, 12 matrices x 224 matrices, thickice slice = 224 mm). Litšoantšo tse sebetsang li ile tsa fumanoa li sebelisoa ka tšebeliso ea gradient-echo echo-planar imaging (EPI)TR = 2000 ms, TE = 30 ms, flip angle = 77 °, matrices a 64 × 64, bophahamo ba silika = 4 mm, ha ho na sekheo, boholo ba voxel 3.4375 mm x 3.4375 mm x 4 mm, 32 axial cm e koahelang boko bohle).

Barupeluoa ba ile ba bolelloa hore ba phomole 'me ba inamele sekeneng sa mahlo a bona. Ba ile ba botsoa hore ba se ke ba nahana ka ketsahalo efe kapa efe ha ba ntse ba hlahlojoa. Nako ea ho sekaseka setšoantšo sa sebopeho e ne e batla e le 3.6 min. Setšoantšo se sebetsang se nkile metsotso e ka bang 8 min, ka li-TR tse hlano tsa pele li sebetsa e le lits'oants'o tsa dummy ho netefatsa hore lets'oao le fihletse boemo bo tsitsitseng pele data e bokelloa; ka hona ho matha ho na le 240 EPI litšoantšo tsa tekolo ea ho hlahlojoa.

Lintlha li ile tsa ntlafatsoa ho sebelisoa Mothusi oa Ts'ebetso ea Tlhahlobo ea Phomolo ea Naha ea FMRI (DPARSF; Yan le Zang, 2010), e thehiloeng mesebetsing ho MRIcroN (Rorden et al., 2007^¹) le software ea 'Mapa oa Statistical Parametric (SPM^²) le Toolkit ea Ts'ebetso ea Ts'ebetso ea Ts'ebetso ea Naha ea phomolo ea Naha (REST; Pina et al., 2011) ho Matlab (The MathWorks, Inc., Natick, MA, USA). Litšoantšo tse sebetsang li ile tsa khaoloa ka nako, 'me tsa lateloa ke ho khutlisetsa molumo hloohong li sebelisa liphetoho tse thata tsa' mele tse tšeletseng. Ho sisinyeha ka kakaretso, ho khetholloang ka ho tloha sebakeng se ikemetseng (FD), ho ne ho se kholo (bolela = 0.05, SD = 0.03) mme ha ea ka ea lumellana le lintlha tsa CIAS-R (Spearman's ρ = -0.28, p = 0.055), ka hona ho ts'oaroa ha se ntho e makatsang ea palo le tšebeliso ea tahi ea inthanete (Kong et al., 2014). Litšoantšo tsa T1 li ne li raliloe haholo ho litšoantšo tse sebetsang. Litšoantšo tsa sebopeho li ile tsa aroloa ho CSF, litaba tse tšoeu le taba e putsoa e ipapisitse le limmapa tsa monyetla oa sebaka sa MNI, 'me lipalo tsena li ile tsa sebelisoa maemong a latelang a T1 le litšoantšo tsa EPI sebakeng sa MNI. Lintlha li ile tsa ntlafatsoa sebakeng sa sebaka sa marang-rang se sebelisa kernel ea Gaussian ea 6 mm ka botlalo bo boholo ka halofo e phahameng (FWHM) mme ea tlosoa moetlong oa setaele. Li-covariate tsa Nuisance ho kenyelletsa letšoao la bokahohle ba lefatše, lets'oao le tšoeu, le lets'oao la "cerebrospinal" le ile la hlakoloa. Leha ekaba ho etsa regression ea lefatše lohle e ntse e le phehisano e tsoelang pele (mohlala, Saad et al., 2012), re nkile qeto ea ho kenya tšebetsong mokhoa ona hobane ho khothalelitsoe ho ntlafatsa botebo ba litokellano tsa tšebetso le ho ntlafatsa tumellano lipakeng tsa khokahano ea mmuso le boemo ba kelello (Fox et al., 2009; Weissenbacher et al., 2009; Takeuchi et al., 2014). Kamora nako e telele, litšoantšo tse tlatselitsoeng band-pass filing ea 0.01-0.08 Hz.

Boitsebiso ba Lintlha

Litšoantšo tsa fMRI li ile tsa paroloa ho latela Anatomical Automatic Labeling (AAL; Tzourio-Mazoyer et al., 2002) template, e arola boko ho latela sebopeho sa anatomical ho 116 ROIs (kapa li-node). Re khethile mofuta oa AAL hobane e bile parcellation e sebelisoang haholo lithutong tsa marang-rang tse sebetsang (Stanley et al., 2013) hape e ne e le template e sebelisitsoeng ke Hong et al. (2013), eo thuto ea eona e sebetsang haholo le ea rona, ka hona e eketsa tekanyo ea ho bapisoa lithutong tsohle (Zalesky et al., 2010b). Mokhoa oa NBS o ne o sebelisoa ho khetholla marang-rang a boko a nang le khokahano ea tšebetso ea lipakeng tsa setereke e bonts'ang khokahano ea bohlokoa le sekhahla sa CIAS-R. Bohlahlobisisi bo latelang bo entsoe ka thuso ea netweke ea Network Statistic Toolbox (Zalesky et al., 2010a) le litokomane tse ling tsa tlung ea Matlab. Ho etselitsoe morupeli e mong le e mong oa 116 × 116 bakeng sa morupeluoa e mong le e mong ea sebelisang nako ea lithuto tse nkiloeng ho ROI e 'ngoe le e' ngoe. La Pearson r litekanyetso li ne li tloaelehile ho Z lintlha sebelisa Fisher's Z phetoho. Sele ka 'ngoe ea matrix ea kamano e emela matla a khokahano (kapa bohale) lipakeng tsa li-node tse peli. Ho lekoa ha bongata ka bongata ho sebelisoa boemo ba Spearman ho ile ha etsoa lipakeng tsa likarolo tsa CIAS-R tsa barupeluoa le matla a bohale kahare ho lehlakore le leng le le leng ho supa likhokahano tse loketseng tse neng li bolela esale pele lintlha tsa CIAS-R. Likarolo tsa bakhethoa tse bonts'itseng ponelopele e phahameng ea lintlha tsa CIAS-R li khethiloe ka moeli oa mantlha oa Spearman's rho> 0.37 le <-0.37 (e ka bang alpha e le 'ngoe ea mohatla = 0.005) ka ho latellana, ho khetholla marang-rang a amanang hantle le hampe le CIAS- R lintlha. Ka mor'a moo, lihlopha tsa topological, tse tsejoang e le likarolo tsa graph tse hokahaneng li ile tsa khetholloa har'a likhokahano tse kaholimo-limo. Phoso ea lelapa (FWE) ea boholo ba motsoako e baliloe ho sebelisoa liteko tsa tumello (tumello ea 3000), e neng e kenyelletsa ho hlophisa bocha lintlha tsa CIAS-R ka mokhoa o ikhethileng le ho pheta ts'ebetso e kaholimo tumello e ngoe le e ngoe ho fumana karohano e sa reroang ea boholo ba motsoako. Likarolo tsa kerafo tse hoketsoeng tseo boholo ba tsona bo fetang tse hakantsoeng ke FWE p-value cutoff ea <0.05 e fumanoe e le marang-rang a amanang haholo le tloaelo ea ho lemalla inthanete. Sebali sa BrainNet (Xia et al., 2013) e sebelisitsoe bakeng sa ponelopele ea lihokelo. Papiso ea pipi ea tlhahlobo ea data e bonts'oa ho Figure Figure11.

Tšoantšiso 1

Phallo ea lipeipi tsa tlhahlobo ea data. Mehopolo ea bankakarolo e ile ea ntlafatsoa le ho aneloa libakeng tse fapaneng tsa sebopeho ho latela template ea AAL. Ho ile ha thehoa sehokelo sa khokahano ka ho sebelisa linako tsa nako tse nkiloeng sebakeng ka seng ...

Results

Meta-Analysis

Tsoelapele le ho khutlisetsa lits'oants'o zLimmapa tsa li -score li hlahisitsoe ho tloha NeuroSynth (e bonts'itsoe ho Figure Figure22). Liphetoho tse fumanehang limmapeng tsena tse peli li bontša ho tšoana ho hongata. Ho phethola limmapa tsena ho senotse ts'ebetso libakeng tsa cyprium, temporong lobe (naha ea lefatše e tlase ea lefatše, sebaka se phahameng sa nakoana, le "gyrus" ea bohareng le e phahameng), libaka tse ka pele tse ka pele (tse letsohong le letšehali kapa la gorase le bohareng ba pele, gyrus e bohareng bo ka pele, lets'olo le ka tlase le otlolohileng la operculum, le gyrus e nepahetseng ea pele), setamen ea naha e 'ngoe, seterata sa naha e' ngoe, cingate e bohareng bohareng, le li-precuneus tse nepahetseng. Lethathamo Lethathamo22 e thathamisa lihlotšoana tse anngoeng hammoho le libaka tsa AAL tsa sehlopha seo.

Tšoantšiso 2

Limmapa tse mabapi le tlhaiso ea meta e entsoeng ka NeuroSynth, e bonts'a libaka tse sebetsang ka pele ho ts'episo ea morao-rao, tšubuhlellano ea morao-rao, le boholo ba limmapa tse peli..

Mapa a fetang le limmapa tsa tšupiso tse fetelletseng.

FMRI ea phomolo

Lits'ebetso tse amanang le Tebello ea Phallo ea Inthanete

Re sebelisa NBS, re bonts'a marang-rang a mabeli a bonts'ang khokahano ea bohlokoa ba matla a lebelo le lintlha tsa CIAS-R (p <0.05, FWE-corrected): e 'ngoe e nang le metshetshe e amanang hantle le lintlha tsa CIAS-R ("CIAS-R positive," e bontšitsoeng ka bofubelu),' me e 'ngoe e nang le metshetshe e amanang hampe le CIAS-R ("CIAS-R negative," e bontšitsoeng ka botala ba lehodimo). Khokahano e ntle ea CIAS-R e na le li-node tse 65 le methapo e 90 (45 intrahemispheric, 42 interhemispheric, le 3 e hokahanyang le vermis), ha marang-rang a fosahetseng a na le li-node tse 64 le methapo e 89 (35 intrahemispheric, 40 interhemispheric, le 14 hokela ho / ka hara vermis). Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore marang-rang a mabeli ha a arohane ka botlalo, 'me a arolelana kakaretso ea li-node tse 39, tse 30.77% tsa tsona e le libaka tse ka pele tsa lobe. Palo eohle ea likhahla tse amanang le CIAS-R e na le 2.68% ea likarolo tsohle tsa boko. Marang-rang a bontšoa ka Figure Figure33 le likhokelo tse ikhethileng li thathamisitsoe ho Supplementary Equipment 2, Tafole S1.

Tšoantšiso 3

Khokahano ea khokahano e amanang le lintlha tsa CIAS-R. Likarolo tse putsoa li bontša karolo ea "centro" ea node ka 'ngoe' me li lekantsoe ho ea ka palo ea methapo e meholo eo ba amanang le eona. Ho bonts'oa libaka feela tse nang le lihokelo. Mehala e khubelu e emetse ...

Phatlalatso ea Lefatše ka bophara ea Mehato e Akaretsang

Ho fumana kutloisiso e betere ea hore likhokahano tsena li tsamaisoa joang, re ile ra latela Fornito et al. (2011) 'me Hong et al. (2013), mme e arotsoe tikoloho ka 'ngoe ea AAL kahare ho netweke e ngoe le e ngoe e le ea lihlopha tse supileng tsa tikoloho: ka pele, ka nakoana, ka parietal, occipital, insula le ho kopanya gyri, subcortical, le cerebellum. Boholo ba metlae ho CIAS-R netweke e ntle e ne e kenyelletsa likhokahano lipakeng tsa (1) libaka tsa nakoana le insula le cingulate gryi (∼13%), boholo ba tsona bo kenyelletsa gyrus ea morao-rao e hokahanyang libaka tse fapaneng tsa nakoana; (2) libaka tsa ka pele le tsa nakoana (∼12%), e kenyeletsang khokahano lipakeng tsa methapo ea methapo ea methapo ea methapo, paracentral lobule le tempeli lobe gyri, poleiti ea nakoana; le (3) libaka tsa parietal le subcortical (∼11%), e nang le khokahano pakeng tsa cortex ea postcentral le parietal e phahameng ea parietal le putamen le pallidum. Hoa thahasellisa ho tseba hore ntle le bakeng sa lobe ea ka pele, libaka tse ling kaofela ha li na khokahano ea tikoloho eo matla a eona a amanang hantle le tšebeliso ea litheko tsa inthanete. Boholo ba metlae ho CIAS-R netweke e mpe e ne e kenyelletsa likhokahano lipakeng tsa (1) the frontal lobe and cerebellum (∼19%), boholo ba tsona e le likhokahano lipakeng tsa libaka tsa pele tsa orbital le li-ROI tse fapaneng tsa cerebellum; le (2) ho kenella le ho kopanya gyri le tempal lobe (∼12%), e nang le khokahano lipakeng tsa insula, cingulum, parahippocampal, le temporal lobe gyri. Ha ho libaka tse fumanehang hore li ka kenyelletsoa marang-rang a CIAS-R netweke. Karolelano ea likhokelo tsa li-network tsa sebaka ka seng li bontšoa ka Figure Figure44.

Tšoantšiso 4

Karolo ea likotlo tse lumellanang hantle le tse mpe tse amanang le tšebeliso ea litheko tsa inthanete har'a lihlopha tsa mekhatlo e meholo ea libaka. Litekanyo li ne li baloa ka ho arola palo ea lipalo pakeng tsa (kapa kahare) lipara tsa libaka ka kakaretso ...

Mekhatlo e angoeng Haholo

Ka lebaka la palo e kholo ea methapo e fumanoeng, re ile ra latela Finn et al. (2014), le ho hlwaya libaka tse nang le "kakaretso ea li-CIAS-R tse amanang le" lits'oants'o tse ngata bakeng sa ho shebisisa tlhahlobo ea rona mabapi le libaka tseo khokahano e amanang haholo le tšebeliso ea litheko tsa inthanete. Kakaretso ea likhakanyo tse kopaneng tsa CIAS-R e hlalositsoe e le palo eohle ea lits'oants'o tsa eona likhoebong tse mpe tsa CIAS-R le CIAS-R (sena se lekana hantle le tekanyo ea tekanyo ho khopolo ea graph). Mokhoa ona o tla re nolofalletsa ho tseba libaka tseo likhokahano li atisang ho fetoloa ke tloaelo ea bokhoba ba marang-rang. E latelang Lethathamo Lethathamo33 e thathamisa li-node tse amehang haholo, mme e bonts'a libaka tse nang le bonyane kakaretso ea likhakanyo tsa CIAS-R tse amanang le bonyane 8. Pono ea linomoro le khokahano ea tsona li bontšoa ho Figure Figure55. Tsena ke lintho tse khethiloeng molemong oa puisano.

Tlhahlobo ea boemo ba Node ea tšebeliso ea bokhoba ba marang-rang.

Tšoantšiso 5

Ho bona linomoro ka palo e phahameng ka ho fetesisa e amanang le tšekamelo ea bokhoba ba marang-rang. Likarolo tse tala li bonts'a "centroid" ea node ka 'ngoe e nang le metsheko e metle, athe likarolo tse bosehla li bontša balekane ba bona ba khokahanyo e sebetsang. Mehala e khubelu e bonts'a lits'oants'o ...

Puisano

Sehlopheng se tloaelehileng sa batho ba baholo, re ile ra lekola boemo ba bona ba ho lemalla marang-rang ka lipotso tse ikarotseng (CIAS-R), mme ra boela ra supa li-network tse peli tsa ts'ebetso tsa khokahano e sebetsang hantle ebile e le mpe ka ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea inthanete. Ho tse latelang, re buisana ka liphetho tsa rona maemong a fapaneng a ho bona: (1) libaka tsa bohlokoa tse hokahanyang libaka tsa CIAS-R tse ntle le li-network tsa CIAS-R tse mpe, (2) tse nang le khokahano e kholo ea khokahano e amanang le tloaelo ea tšebeliso ea inthanete, le (3) ) libaka tsa bohlokoa tse fetotsoeng ke tloaelo ea bokhoba ba marang-rang.

Frontal Regions Link CIAS-R Positive and CIAS-R Negative Networks

Re hlokometse hore boholo ba libaka tse hokahanyang likhokahano tse peli tsa CIAS-R tse ntle le CIAS-R li fumaneha kahare ho lobe e ka pele. Libaka tsena li na le "gyrus" e phahameng ka ho fetesisa, IFG, "gial" ea "medical frontal gyrus", "rolandic operculum". Cortex ea pele-pele e kentsoe letsoho hore e be sebopeho se bohlokoa taolong ea kelello, thibelo le khetho ea karabelo (Aron et al., 2004; Talati le Hirsch, 2005; Forstmann et al., 2008). Bokhoba ba marang-rang ke ntho e makatsang hore batho ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi ba fokotse boitšoaro le liqeto mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang, li bonts'oa ke ts'ebeliso e feteletseng ntle le tsebo ea bona ea litlamorao tse mpe. Mohlala, lithuto tse 'maloa li fumane hore barupeluoa ba lemaletseng marang-rang ba bonts'itse ts'ebetso e kholo ea ts'ebetso ea fronto-striatal le fronto-parietal nakong ea mosebetsi oa Go / Nogo (Ding et al., 2014; Ko et al., 2014; Chen le al., 2015) le mosebetsi oa Stroop (Dong et al., 2012a, 2013, 2014), ho fana ka maikutlo a thibelo ea ho futsaneha ha bofutsana le tlhaiso ea liphoso, le ho eketseha ha khatello. Empa ka lehlakoreng le leng, ba lemaletseng marang-rang le libapali tsa lipapali tsa video hangata ba bonts'a ts'ebetso e ntle ea ts'ebetso ea kelello, joalo ka taolo ea makoloi le ho etsa liqeto tse nepahetseng nakong ea papali. Ka sebele, litlamorao tsa ho bapala papali ea video li bontšitsoe ho hokahanya bokhoni bo fapaneng ba ntlafatso bo ntlafalitsoeng, ho kenyelletsa bokhoni ba ts'ebetso ea kelello, koloi, tlhokomelo, le boits'oaro ba bohlasoa (Green le Bavelier, 2003; Castel et al., 2005; Dye et al., 2009; Green le al., 2010; Green le al., 2012). Phuputso e le 'ngoe ea FMRI e fumane ho fokotsoa ha mosebetsi oa marang-rang oa li-fronto-parietal ho libapali tsa lipapali tsa video ha li bapisoa le bao e seng libapali nakong ea mosebetsi o lebisang tlhokomelo e phahameng, mohlomong e bonts'a taolo e sebetsang haholoanyane le taolo ea tlhokomelo (Bavelier et al., 2012). Lifahleho tse peli tsa taolo ea kelello tse bonoang ke bokhoba ba marang-rang li baka mathata. Thutong ea rona, ho shebella libaka tse ka pele tse hokahanyang marangrang a mabeli moo ts'ebetso ea ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang e fokotsehileng le ho eketseha ka tšebeliso ea tšebeliso ea marang-rang e ka bonts'a liphetoho sebakeng sa pele bakeng sa likarolo tse fapaneng tsa taolo ea kelello (ke hore, bakeng sa taolo ea ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang le bokhoni ba papali ea marang-rang). Ke hantle ho bolela hore leha ho le joalo Hong et al. (2013) hypothesized ho ka etsahala hore ebe ho na le ts'ebetso e kopaneng ea khokahanyo e amanang le litlamorao tsa boikoetliso litabeng tsa bokhoba ba marang-rang, empa ho fokotsehile feela khokahano ea tšebetso e fumanoeng lithutong tsa bona. Monyetla o mong o hlahisitsoeng ke Hong et al. (2013) bakeng sa ho ba sieo ha bona ba khokahano e sebetsang ea ts'ebeliso ho batho ba lemaletseng marang-rang e ne e le hore boholo ba bona ba sampole bo bakile ho haella ha matla. Ka ho sebelisa tlhahlobo e thehiloeng ho peo, e hlokang lipapiso tse ngata hanyane ho feta mekhoa ea kelello ka botlalo, Hong et al. (2015) hlahloba botjha data ea 2013 mme ea hlokomela ka bobeli e nyolohile le ho fokotsa ts'ebelisano e sebetsang e amanang le ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang.

Lihokelo tsa Khokahano ea Tebello ea Li-inthanete ka Khaso

Lintlha li bonts'a palo e kholo ea likhokahano tsa pakeng tsa methapo le methapo ea kutlo lintoeng tse peli tse ntle tsa CIAS-R le CIAS-R, e bonts'a tšusumetso e kholo ea tloaelo ea ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea inthanete bokong. Re hlokometse hore karolo e hloahloa ea khokahano e ntle ea CIAS-R e kenyelletsa "ts'ebetso ea cula le cingate -" ea nakoana "," le "subcortical - parietal", athe karolo e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea khokahano ho CIAS-R netweke e mpe e kenyelletsa "metsamao ea pele" - "" "seteraeke" le "ho kenella kahare"Figure Figure44). Ka mokhoa oa morao-rao oa tšebeliso ea temallo (Moulton et al., 2014), "cerebellum" e thusa ho boloka homeostasis ea lipotoloho tse 'ne tse hokahantsoeng mabapi le bokhoba: moputso / sesapo, tšusumetso / ho khanna, ho ithuta / ho hopola le ho laola. Moetso ona o kopanya mofuta oa potoloho e mene (Volkow et al., 2003, 2010) le lits'ebetso tsa phomolo tse sebetsang tsa "cerebellar" tse amanang le ts'ebetso ea botsamaisi le bo amanang le kontraka ea mokokotlo (Buckner et al., 2011). Likarolo tsa moputso / sesapo, ho susumetsa / ho khanna, le ho ithuta / ho hopola li eketsoa, ha taolo ea kelello e fokotseha ka ho kenella bokhobeng. Bona Figure Figure66 bakeng sa papiso. Lintho tseo re li hlokometseng mabapi le tšebeliso ea likhokelo tse matla tsa ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang li lumellana haholo Moulton et al.'s (2014) mohlala oa likarolo tse mahlonoko tse kenyellelitsoeng literekeng tse lemalloang. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, ha rea ka ra hlokomela lihokela tse ngata tsa bohlokoa tse kenyelletsang occipital lobe, eo le eona e buang ka maqhubu Hong et al.'s (2013) fumana. Leha ho le joalo, re boetse re fumane karolo e kholo ea lits'oants'o tsa "subcortical - parietal" tseo leha li sa hlahisoe haholo mohlaleng oa potoloho e mene, likhokahano tsena li hlokometsoe libukeng tsa litheko tsa inthanete (mohlala, Ding et al., 2013; Hong et al., 2013, 2015), e ka bang ka lebaka la ts'ebetso e amanang le ts'ebeliso ea inthanete.

Tšoantšiso 6

Moetso oa bokhoba o totobatsang karolo ea Modulating ea "cerebellum" ea likhokahano tse kholo tsa boko tse reriloeng hore li amehe ke bokhoba (bo fetotsoe ho tsoa ho Moulton et al., 2014). Li-circuits tsena li kenyelletsa moputso / sesapo, tšusumetso / ho khanna, ho ithuta / ho hopola ...

Mabaka a Bohlokoa a fetotsoe ke Tebello ea Tebello ea Marang-rang

Re hlokometse li-node tse nang le lihokelo tse ngata li amana haholo le tšebeliso ea bokhoba ba marang-rang. Maqhubu ana ke ao mokhoa oa ona oa khokahano lipakeng tsa node ka boeona le libaka tse ling tsa boko li ka atang habonolo ho fetotsoeng ke tloaelo ea bokhoba ba marang-rang. Likarolo ke tsona feela libaka tse ikhethileng tsa kamore ea hae ea bohareng, "" "" "" "" "" "" Gusus "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" Grisus "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "temp" e itlhommeng pele ea temporori, letheka le letona, le karolo ea orbital ea IFG e setseng.Figure Figure55). Litereke tsena li bile le tšusumetso e le libaka tsa bohlokoa lithutong tse ngata tsa bokhoba ba inthanete 'me tse ling li se li boletsoe karolong e fetileng. Joale re buisana ka lingoliloeng tse lemalloang tse totobatsang libaka tsena ka botlalo. PCC, e le karolo ea netweke e sa sebetseng 'me e ameha likarolong tse fapaneng tsa ho itšeha (Buckner et al., 2008; Fransson le Marrelec, 2008), e sebelitse e le sebaka sa peo ho Ding et al.'s (2013) boithuto, bo bonts'itseng haholo khokahano e sebetsang ea bonono le pelo e kopaneng ea cerebellum posterior le gyrus e bohareng, ha e ntse e fokotseha boits'oaro bo tlase ba parietal lobule le litheko tse tlase tsa temporiki ea litheko tse bobebe marang-rang. Makhoba a marang-rang a fumanehile hape ho bonts'a anisotropy e sa tloaelehang (Dong et al., 2012b) le bohlooho litaba tsa bohlooho (Zhou et al., 2011) ho PCC. Zhang et al. (2015) o ile a khetha insula, e 'nileng ea susumetsoa ke temallo (Naqvi le Bechara, 2009; Droutman et al., 2015), joalo ka sebaka sa peo 'me se fumane khokahano e sebetsang e kopaneng le marang-rang a libaka tse lemaletseng bokhoba ba marang-rang. Karolo ea mohopolo oa ho kenella bokhobeng ba lithethefatsi o khothalelitsoe ho kopanya matšoao a kelello le maikutlo a hlokofatsang (litakatso tsa lithethefatsi) le boitšoaro ba leeme nakong ea ho etsa liqeto (Naqvi le Bechara, 2009). Pale ea moea o bohareng oa "tempyl gyrus" le "temp tempor gian" e phahameng haholo e se e hlokometsoe lithutong tse ling tsa bokhoba ba marang-rang Meng et al., 2015 bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea meta), 'me e amana le tšusumetso ea papali / ho lakatsa, ho sebetsana le semantic, ho senola, ho hopola mohopolo le ho sebetsana le maikutlo; leha ho le joalo, likarolo tsa bona tse ikhethang tsa ho lemalla li hloka hore ho etsoe lipatlisiso tse ling. The putamen, e leng karolo ea dorsal striatum, hape ke sebaka se thata se khothalletsoang ke lipatlisiso tse ngata tsa bokhoba ba tahi (mohlala, Ko et al., 2009; Ding et al., 2013; Lin et al., 2015), eo ho eona ho kopanyetsanang dopamine neurotransuction ho kenyellelitsoeng kholisong ea khatello e matla ea ho batla lithethefatsi le ho lakatsa (Volkow et al., 2006; Koob le Volkow, 2010). Ho feta moo, patlisiso e bontšitse hore ho se sebetse hantle ka potoloho ea striato-thalamo-orbitofrontal ke sesosa sa bohloka ba ho lemalla, ha dorsal striatum e kenyelletsang ho ithuta le ho lakatsa, cortex ea orbitofrontal e ameha ka ho se sebetse, ho khanna, le ho qobelloa (Volkow le Fowler, 2000; Koob le Volkow, 2010; Volkow et al., 2010; Goldstein le Volkow, 2011). Ts'ebetso e sa tloaelehang ea orbitofrontal cortex e ka hlalosa ho se sebetse hantle ha ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi. Ha re akaretsa se kaholimo, li-node tseo re li tšoaileng ke li-hubs tse kotsing ea ho fetoha habonolo ke tšebeliso ea bokhoba ba marang-rang, 'me li' nile tsa bonoa khafetsa lingoliloeng tse seng li ntse li le teng.

Meeli

Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe ke e mong oa bahlahlobi ba rona, hore na a ka etsa regression ea lefatše lohle maemong a phomolo ea naha fMRI e ntse e le ngangisano ea hona joale. Kamora ho sekaseka botjha data eo hajoale ntle le ho rekisoa ha matšoao a lefats'e, liphetho tsa rona li ile tsa fapana haholo ho bapisoa le tlhahlobo ea rona ea mantlha mme ke 22.91% feela ea lits'enyehelo tse fumanoeng tlhahlobisong ea NBS ntle le taolo ea matšoao a lefats'e ka bophara e kopantsoeng le liphetho tsa rona tsa hajoale. Kantle le ho rekisoa ha matšoao a lefats'e, ha rea ka ra fumana likhokahano tse lekaneng tse sebetsang tse amanang hantle le lintlha tsa CIAS-R; leha ho le joalo, re fumane marang-rang a nang le likhokahano tse sebetsang tse amanang hampe le lintlha tsa CIAS-R. Ha ho khetholla libaka tse nang le likhokahanyo tse ngata li amana haholo le tšebeliso ea bokhoba ba marang-rang, re fumana ho ts'oana le tlhaiso-leseling ea lets'oao la lefats'e ka hore libaka tsa cingate, insula, tsa nakoana le tse ka pele ke tsona tse neng li ameha haholo. Leha ho le joalo, liphapang tse 'maloa li kenyelletsa ho fumana libaka tsa likoloi tse tlatsetsang habeli le li-gyrus tse nepahetseng tsa angular tse bonts'itseng ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso, mme ho ne ho sena libaka tse ngata tsa subcortical marangrang a khethiloeng. Le ha ho ngolisa lipontšo tsa lefatše ka bophara ho ntse ho phehisana khang, re nkile qeto ea ho tlaleha sephetho ka bobeli. Lintlha tsa netweke tse khethiloeng ntle le ho rekisoa ha matšoao a lefats'e li ngotsoe ho Supplementary Equipment 3. Ka ts'epo, mosebetsi oa nakong e tlang oa ho lokisa litšoantšo o tla hlakisa hore na sephetho se nepahetse hakae. Hajoale, re fana ka maikutlo a ho toloka sephetho sa hona joale ka likhopolo tse joalo ka kelellong.

fihlela qeto e

Re sebelisa mokhoa o khannoang ke data, re bonts'itse hore lipalo-palo tse thehiloeng marang-rang ke sesebelisoa se sebetsang sa ho bonts'a khokahano ea kelello ka botlalo e anngoeng ke tloaelo ea bokhoba ba marang-rang, ho hokela likhokahanyo le libaka tse bohlokoa tse lumellanang le lithuto tse fetileng. Ha ho bapisoa le lipatlisiso tsa peo, mokhoa ona oa bokong kaofela o fana ka tlhahlobo e phethahetseng haholoanyane ea khokahano ea boko e amanang le ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang, ho etsa lipatlisiso mabapi le likhokahano tsa 6670 ka botlalo. Re boetse re bonts'a hore likhokahano tse ngata tse sebetsang le libaka tsa boko tse tebileng maemong a bongaka ba tlhekefetso le tsona li fumanoe li amana le litšekamelo tsa pele ho tsa bongaka tse boletsoeng ka mehato ea lipotso tsa boits'oaro. Leha re sebelisa mokhoa o amanang, ha re na bonnete ba hore na marang-rang ana a fetotsoe ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea marang-rang kapa hore na ke litšobotsi tsa batho ba ikemiselitseng ho ba kotsing ea ho lemalla marang-rang, lipatlisiso tsena li fana ka leseli le sebetsang ho re thusa ho utloisisa neural. litšobotsi tse tlisoang ke bokhoba le kholo ea eona.

Menehelo ea Mongoli

TW e ile ea etsa teko, ea sekaseka tlhaiso-leseling, ea fetolela liphetho, ea ngola le ho ntlafatsa mengolo eo. SH o hlophisitse teko, a ngola tlhahiso ea liphallelo, a tataisa boitokisetso ba liteko le ho li etsa, a thusa ho toloka litaba, ho li hlophisa le ho li ntlafatsa.

Tlhōlisano ea Tlhaloso

Bangoli ba bolela hore lipatlisiso li ne li etsoa ka ho se be le likamano leha e le life tsa khoebo kapa tsa lichelete tse ka nkoang e le khohlano e ka 'nang ea e-ba le thahasello.

lumela hore baa fokola

Bangoli ba leboha Yun-Ting Lee bakeng sa thuso ea ho bokella data le Moprofesa Po-Hsien Huang bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea lipalo. Boithuto bona bo tšehelitsoe ke Lefapha la Saense le Theknoloji (MOST), Taiwan (MOST 102-2420-H-006-006-MY2 le MOST 104-2420-H-006-004-MY2). Ntle le moo, lipatlisiso tsena e ne e le karolo ea tšehetso ea Lekala la Thuto (MoE), Taiwan, ROC Sepheo sa Morero oa Yunivesithi e kaholimo ho Yunivesithi ea Cheng Kung (NCKU). Re leboha Setsi sa Patlisiso ea Kelello le Imaging (MRIC), se ts'ehetsoeng ke MOSA, ho NCKU bakeng sa ho rerisana le ho fumaneha ha lisebelisoa. Potso ea CIAS-R e fanoe ke Sue-Huei Chen.

Mongolo o botlaaseng ba leqephe

¹http://www.mricro.com

²http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm

Boitsebiso bo Eketsehileng

The Supplementary Material bakeng sa sehlooho sena se ka fumaneha Inthaneteng ka: http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2016.00006

Tlanya mona bakeng sa faele e eketsehileng ea data.^{(20K, DOCX)}

Tlanya mona bakeng sa faele e eketsehileng ea data.^{(33K, DOCX)}

Tlanya mona bakeng sa faele e eketsehileng ea data.^{(258K, DOCX)}

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