Phapang ho Likhathatso le Boitšoaro Likarolo pakeng tsa Inthanete Tlhekefetso le Inthanete Ho itšetleha ka Sekorea Bacha ba lilemong tsa bocha (2014)

Lipatlisiso tsa kelello. 2014 Sep; 11 (4): 387-93. Doi: 10.4306 / pi.2014.11.4.387. Epub 2014 Oct 20.

Lee JY¹, Park EJ², Kwon M³, Choi JH³, Jeong JE³, Choi JS⁴, Choi SW⁵, Lee CU³, Kim DJ³.

inahaneloang

MORERO:

Phuputso ena e ile ea hlahloba liphapang tsa maikutlo a bophelo bo botle ba kelello le likarolo tsa boitšoaro ho latela botebo ba tahi ea Inthanete ho bacha ba banna.

LITLHAHISO:

Bacha ba lekholo le mashome a mabeli a metso e mehlano ba tsoang likolong tse 'ne tse mahareng le tse phahameng tsa Seoul ba ngolisitsoe thutong ena. Litaba tsena li ne li arotsoe ka lihlopha tse seng bokhoba, tlhekefetso le boits'oaro ho latela tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo ea bongaka ea lingaka tsa mafu a kelello. Likhathatso tsa kelello le boits'oaro ba lithuto li ile tsa hlahlojoa ka lipuisano tsa bongaka tsa mafu a kelello tse ipapisitseng le Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (khatiso ea bone), Children's Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Internet Addiction Test, le boitlhopho e tlalehile lipotso mabapi le likarolo tsa boits'oaro.

LIKOTSO:

Likabelo tsa comorbidity tsa mafu a kelello li ne li fapane haholo le lihlopha tsa tlhekefetso le ts'epahalo, haholoholo mabapi le khaello ea khatello ea maikutlo le lintho tsa khatello ea maikutlo. Inventory ea Bana ea Ho Tepella Maikutlong, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, le lintlha tsa Teko ea Tlhekefetso ea Marang-rang le tsona li ne li fapane haholo hara lihlopha tse tharo. Ho bile le phapang e kholo linthong tse 10 ho tse 20 tsa Teko ea Tlhekefetso ea Marang-rang lipakeng tsa lihlopha tse seng bokhoba, tlhekefetso le boits'oaro. Ho bile le phapang e kholo linthong tse supileng lipakeng tsa lihlopha tse seng bokhoba le tlhekefetso, empa ha ho na phapang lipakeng tsa lihlooho tsa tlhekefetso le lihlopha tsa ba itšetlehileng ka tsona. Liphapang tse kholo li ile tsa bonoa linthong tse tharo lipakeng tsa tlhekefetso le lihlopha tsa tlhekefetso, empa ho ne ho se na phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa bao e seng makhoba le tlhekefetso. Mabapi le likarolo tsa boits'oaro, lintlha tsa boits'oaro bo hlekefetsang, thobalano le ho fokotsa boits'oaro ba sechaba li ne li le holimo ka ho fetisisa sehlopheng sa batho ba itšetlehileng ka bona, hape li le tlase sehlopheng se seng bokhoba. Leha ho le joalo, likarolo tsa boits'oaro ba phokotso ea likamano tsa batho ha li bonts'a phapang ena lipakeng tsa lihlopha.

QETELLO:

Boithuto bona bo fana ka maikutlo a hore ho na le phapang lipakeng tsa kelello le maikutlo a boitšoaro mahareng a banna ba lilemong tsa bocha ba nang le litšobotsi tsa tlhekefetso ea inthanete le ho itšepa ho Internet.

LINKOTSO:

Mekha ea boitšoaro Comorbidity; Boikokobetso; Tlhekefetso ea inthanete

SELELEKELA

Ho fihla hajoale, ha ho na litlhaloso tse hlakileng tsa bokhoba ba marang-rang, mme ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang e le mokhatlo o ikhethileng kahare ho sehlooho sa likhathatso tse lemalloang e ntse e le taba ea ngangisano. Le ha ho na le mekhoa le liteko tse 'maloa tsa bokhoba ba marang-rang, tlhahlobo ea inthanete ea Inthanete (IAT) e entsoeng ke Bacha¹ sesebelisoa sa tlhahlobo se sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa. IAT e ipapisitse le litekanyetso tsa ho becha ha li-pathological tse hlalositsoeng ho Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Dis shida, khatiso ea 4th (DSM-IV),² ho fana ka maikutlo a hore bokhoba ba marang-rang ke mokhoa oa ho lemalla boitšoaro.

Boithuto bo 'maloa bo bontšitse hore litheko tsa boits'oaro le lithethefatsi li na le lintho tse ngata tse fapaneng maemong a fapaneng.³ Ho lekola tšebeliso ea tahi ea inthanete, Anderson le Fortson ba sebelisitse maemo a ntlafalitsoeng lithutong tse hlophisitsoeng kamora mathata a amanang le litheko ho tsoa ho DSM-IV, ho lekola tšebeliso ea inthanete.⁴^,⁵ Ho sebelisa mekhoa ena, ho lemalla ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang ho hlalosoa e le bokuli bo tšabehang bo tšoanang le mathata a ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi. Patlisiso ea bona e bonts'itse hore, joalo ka maemong a tlhekefetso ea lithethefatsi, bokhoba ba marang-rang bo ka lemohuoa ka mokhoa o fapaneng e le tlhekefetso kapa ts'ebeliso, le litšobotsi tse ikhethang tsa bongaka. Leha ho le joalo, hobane thuto eo ha ea ka ea etsa lipuisano tsa mokuli, empa ho e-na le hoo e hlahisitse tlhahlobo e ipapisitseng le lipatlisiso tsa pampiri, bangoli ha ba a khona ho khetholla li-comorbidities tsa mafu a kelello bakeng sa mokuli ka mong.

Letlotlo le lengata la lipatlisiso mabapi le bokhoba ba marang-rang bo shebile matšoao a kelello le maikutlo a kelello a boemo bona.⁶^,⁷^,⁸ Ho bile le liphumano tse sa fetoheng mabapi le kamano lipakeng tsa matšoao a sithabetsang le bokhoba ba marang-rang,⁸^,⁹^,¹⁰^,¹¹ mme bafuputsi ba bangata ba tlalehile hore mafu a mangata a kelello a kopane le ho lemalla ha inthanete.¹²^,¹³ Tlhahlobo e nepahetseng ea comorbidity ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea ho utloisisa tšebeliso ea tahi ea marang-rang, hobane ho hlakile hore temallo ea marang-rang le maikutlo a kelello a ama e mong le e mong le ha kamano ea bona ea Causal e ntse e sa hlaka. Ka karolelano, tlhahlobo e nepahetseng ea li-comorbidity e bohlokoa bakeng sa kalafo e loketseng, hammoho le ho bolela esale pele tsoelo-pele ea batho ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi. Boithuto ba morao-rao bo bonts'itse hore temallo ea inthanete e na le likarolo tse ngata ho li-comorbidities tsa kelello le boits'oaro ho latela bong, lilemo, le bokhoba ba ho lemalla.⁹^,¹⁴ Leha ho le joalo, tsena e bile lithuto tse fokolang kapa lithuto tse sebelisang lipotso tse ikarabellang feela ntle le lipuisano tsa tlhahlobo ea mafu ke lingaka tsa mafu a kelello. Haeba ho hlakile hore tlhekefetso le sehlopha sa ts'ehetso li bontša phapang ho latela maikutlo a kelello a ipapisitseng le tlhahlobo e nepahetseng ea bongaka ba mafu a kelello, re tla khona ho rala mokhoa oa lipatlisiso le oa kalafo bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi tsa inthanete ka nepo.

Ho ipapisitsoe le litekanyetso tse fanoeng ke Fortson,⁴ thuto ea hajoale e ikemiselitse ho khetholla tlhekefetso ea marang-rang le ho its'etleha ka ho etsa lipuisano tsa tlhahlobo ea mafu le ho tseba phapang lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsena tse peli ho latela maikutlo a kelello le a boitšoaro. Bangoli ba pheha khang ea hore ho na le phapang litekanyetsong tsa kelello le boits'oaro mahareng a bacha ba banna ba nang le tšekamelo ea ho hlekefetsoa ka marang-rang le ho ikemela.

METHODA

barupeluoa ba

Lintlha li fumanoe likolong tse 'ne tse bohareng tsa lehae. Ho kenyellelitsoe thutong ena e ne e le lihlooho tse khethiloeng e le baphethahatsi ba marang-rang ka bobeli ke lintlha tsa IAT tse fetang 40¹^,¹⁵^,¹⁶ hammoho le tlhahlobo ea kelello. Lihlooho tsa lilemo-le bong tse amanang le bong tse ileng tsa khetholloa e le ba sa lemalleng li kentsoe e le sehlopha sa taolo. Bakeng sa sehlopha se seng bokhoba, lipuisano tsa tlhahlobo ea mafu mabapi le bokhoba ba inthanete le lipotso li ile tsa etsoa, empa mafu a kelello a lihlooho a sa ka a hlahlojoa sehlopheng sena. Baithuti le batsoali ba bona ba fane ka tumello e ngotsoeng e nang le tsebo kamora ho fumana tlhaloso e felletseng ea thuto, ho latela lits'ebetso tse amohetsoeng ke Institutional Review Board of Seoul St. Mary's Hospital.

thepa

Ts'ebeliso ea inthanete

Tekanyo ea ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang e ile ea hlahlojoa ka mekhoa e 'meli. Pele, bohle ba neng ba nka karolo ba ile ba nka IAT. IAT ke tekanyo ea 5-point Likert e hlophisitsoeng ka lintho tsa 20, ka ntho e 'ngoe le e ngoe e lekola tekanyo ea ho nahanisisa, tšebeliso e qobelloang, mathata a boits'oaro, liphetoho tsa maikutlo le tšusumetso ts'ebetsong ka kakaretso e amanang le ts'ebeliso ea inthanete.¹ Pholo e phahameng e bontša lekhoba le kotsi le ho feta la inthanete. Taba ea bobeli (le karolo ea bohlokoa ho feta thutong ena), lingaka tse hlano tsa kelello li ile tsa etsa lipuisano ba sebelisa mofuta o fetotsoeng oa tlhekefetso ea lithethefatsi le litekanyetso tsa ho its'etleha ho DSM-IV. Litekanyetso tsa rona tsa tlhekefetso ea marang-rang le ho itšetleha li bontšoa ho Lethathamo 1.

Litekanyetso tsa tlhekefetso ea marang-rang le ho its'etleha

Psorchiatric comorbidities

Lingaka tsa mafu a kelello li hlahlobile ho ferekana hoa mafu a kelello ka lithuto le Structured Clinical Interview ea Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders-IV (SCID). Ntle le moo, lithuto tsohle li entse mofuta oa Korea oa Children's Depression Inventory (CDI)¹⁷ le State-Trait Anxcare Inventory (STAI)¹⁸ bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea sepheo sa bosholu ba li-comorbidities.

Potso eo u itlalehileng ka eona

Patlisiso ea bokhoba ba marang-rang e tloaetse ho sebelisa lipotso tse ipitsitseng tsa 40 mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea inthanete.¹⁹ Phuputsong ena, lintho tse 'ne tse amanang le likarolo tsa boits'oaro li kentsoe lebokoseng la lipotso bakeng sa tlhahlobo e eketsehileng: 1) Na u fetoha motho ea mabifi ho feta lefats'eng la cyber? (o hlekefetsa), 2) Na lipuisano tsa hau lefatšeng la cyber li feta tsa thobalano ka tlhaho? (thobalano), 3) Na u khahloa ke bophelo ba hau ba sekolo? (e fokotse thahasello ea sechaba), 4) Kamano ea hau le metsoalle ke efe? (kamano e fokotsang kamano ea motho le motho)

Lintho tsohle tse 'ne li lekantsoe sekeng sa 5-point Likert.

Tlhahlobo ea tlhaiso-leseling

Liphetoho tse tsoelang pele li ile tsa hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa tlhahlobo e ikemetseng ea phapang (ANOVA) ka lipapiso tse ngata tsa poso le liphetoho tsa Bonferroni. Lintlha tsa sehlopha li ile tsa hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa liteko tse nepahetseng tsa Fisher.

LIPOTSO

Tlhekefetso ea inthanete le ho its'etleha

Lethathamo 2 e thathamisa lintlha tsa palo ea batho mabapi le litaba tseo. Sehlopheng sa bokhoba ba litheko, lithuto tsa 21 le 41 li ne li khethiloe e le sehlopha sa tlhekefetso ea inthanete le sehlopha sa batho ba itšebelisang ka inthanete ka ho latellana.

Litšoaneleho tsa demographic tsa lithuto

Psorchiatric comorbidities

Li-comorbidities tse ngata tsa kelello li ile tsa tsebahala har'a ba lemaletseng marang-rang. Sehlopheng sohle se lemaletseng lithethefatsi, comorbidity e tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa e ne e le khatello ea maikutlo (38.7%), e lateloang ke khatello ea kelello ea khatello ea kelello (35.5%), mathata a maikutlo ntle le khatello ea maikutlo (12.9%), ho hloka taolo (8.1%), ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi. pherekano (4.8%), khatello ea taolo ea tšusumetso (4.8%), le tse ling (14.5%). Ha sehlopha sa bokhoba se arotsoe ho ba tlhekefetso le lihlopha tsa ho tšepana, ho ile ha ba le liphapang khafetsa mahareng a li-comorbidities pakeng tsa lihlopha tsena tse peli (Lethathamo 3). Tekanyo eohle ea comorbidity e ne e phahame sehlopheng sa ts'ehetso (82.9%) ho feta sehlopheng sa tlhekefetso (81.0%), empa phapang e ne e se ea bohlokoa lipalo. Phapang feela ea bohlokoa lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsena tse peli e ne e le khafetsa khaellong ea khatello ea kelello. Motsoako oa khatello ea maikutlo le mafu a mang a "moodle moodle" sehlopheng se le seng sa "mathata a maikutlo", a senotse phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsena tse peli e le khatello ea maikutlo (Setšoantšo sa 1).

Setšoantšo sa 1

Setšoantšo sa 1

Likhathatso tsa tlhekefetso ea inthanete le lihlopha tsa ba itšetlehileng ka Teko e nepahetseng ea Fisher e ne e sebelisetsoa papiso ea lipalo. ADHD: ho hloka tlhokomelo ho haelloang ke bothata.

Li-Comorbidities tsa lithuto Sehlopheng sa tlhekefetso ea marang-rang le lihlopha tsa batho ba itšepang maikutlo

Phapang lipapaling tsa IAT, CDI, le STAI lipakeng tsa sehlopha ka seng

Setšoantšo sa 2 e bonts'a phapang e teng ho CDI, ho tšoenyeha ka tšebeliso ea maikutlo, matšoenyeho a mmuso, le lintlha tsa IAT lipakeng tsa lihlopha. CDI, ho tšoenyeha ka mekhoa, le lintlha tsa IAT li ile tsa eketseha ka tatellano ea batho ba sa amaneng le tlhekefetso, tlhekefetso le lihlopha tsa batho ba itšepileng maikutlo, empa lipalo tsa matšoenyeho a mmuso ha li a ka tsa etsa joalo. Ho bile le phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa sehlopha ka seng ka har'a lintho tsa CDI mabapi le menahano e mebe ea boithati le bokamoso, boitšepo bo fokolang, maikutlo a ho ipolaea, ho hloka boroko, ho felloa ke takatso ea lijo, ho felloa ke thahasello mesebetsing le mathata a likamano tsa lithaka. Haholoholo, ho bile le phapang e kholo boitšepo bo tlase, menahano e mebe ea bokamoso, le maikutlo a ho ipolaea lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsa tlhekefetso le tsa ho ikemela.

Setšoantšo sa 2

Setšoantšo sa 2

Phapang lipapaling tsa CDI, TA, SA le IAT lipakeng tsa lihlopha tse sa tlalang ka tlhekefetso, tlhekefetso le sehlopha sa batho ba itšepileng maikutlo. ANOVA e nang le lipapatso tse ngata tsa post hoc tse ngata le liphetoho tsa Bonferroni li ile tsa sebelisoa bakeng sa tlhahlobo. ^*p <0.001, ^**p <0.01, ^***p <0.05. IAT: ...

Phapang linthong tsa IAT

Likarabo ho 10 ea 20 IAT ea lintho li bonts'itse phapang e kholo hara sehlopha se sa tlatseleng, tlhekefetso le lihlopha tsa batho ba itšepa. Lintho tse supileng li ne li fapane haholo lipakeng tsa sehlopha se sa lemallang tlhekefetso le tlhekefetso, empa eseng pakeng tsa lihlopha tsa tlhekefetso le tsa ho tšepana. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, bakeng sa lintho tse tharo, ho bile le phapang e kholo likararong tsa tlhekefetso le lihlopha tsa batho ba ikemiselitseng, empa eseng pakeng tsa lihlopha tse sa lemalloang le tlhekefetso (Lethathamo 4).

Phapang lipapatsong tsa liteko tsa tlhatlhobo ea inthanete lipakeng tsa batho ba sa amaneng le tlhekefetso, tlhekefetso le lihlopha tsa batho ba ikemiselitseng ho phela

Phapang litabeng tsa boitšoaro

Lintho tse tharo tse mabapi le ho hlekefetsa, thobalano le ho fokotseha lithahasellong tsa sechaba li ne li fapane haholo lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsena tse tharo. Leha ho le joalo, likarabelo mabapi le likamano tse fokotsang tsa likamano tsa batho li ne li sa fapana haholo (Lethathamo 5).

Kabo ea likarolo tsa boitšoaro e arabang likarabo tsa lipotso tse tsoang ho bao eseng tlhekefetso, tlhekefetso le lihlopha tsa batho ba itšepileng maikutlo

TŠOHLOA

Liphetho tsa boithuto bo teng hona joale li fana ka maikutlo a hore ho na le phapang pakeng tsa maikutlo a kelello lipakeng tsa lithuto tse ho sehlopha sa tlhekefetso ea marang-rang le lihlopha tsa batho ba ikemiselitseng ho ts'ehetsa. Sehlopheng sa ts'ehetso, mathata a ho feto-fetoha ha maikutlo, a sithabetsang haholo, e ne e le mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ho hlonama ho feta tlhoko ea kelello e fokolisang khatello ea kelello. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, sehlopheng sa tlhekefetso, khaello ea khatello ea kelello e fokolang e ne e le bothata bo atileng haholo ba comorbid. Matšoao a mantlha a lefu la ho se ele hloko lintho ka mokhoa o sa tsotelleng a "tena habonolo" hape "a hloile meputso e liehang."²⁰^,²¹ Boitšoaro ba inthanete bo khetholloa ke karabelo e potlakileng le meputso e potlakileng, mohlomong ho fokotsa maikutlo a ho nyahama kapa ho fana ka maikutlo le meputso hang hang bakeng sa lithuto tse nang le bothata ba khatello ea kelello. Marang-rang e boetse e fana ka tšehetso ea sechaba, katleho e ka bang teng, thabo ea taolo, le lefatše leo ho lona bacha ba ka balehelang mathata a maikutlo lefatšeng la 'nete.²²^,²³^,²⁴ Ka hona, ho bonahala ho utloahala hore bacha ba tepelletseng maikutlong ba kotsing e kholo ea ho sebelisa marang-rang ho fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo le hore ba ka ba le litlamorao tse mpe ka lebaka la tšebeliso e boima ea inthanete. Sena se theha potoloho e mpe e ka lebisang boemong ba ho its'epaha ka marang-rang ho oela ponts'oeng ea bokhoba ba marang-rang.²⁵

Phapang e kholo ea palo ea CDI le STAI lipakeng tsa ba sa amaneng le tlhekefetso le tlhekefetso li bontša hore lithuto lihlopheng tsena tse tharo li na le maemo a fapaneng a khatello ea maikutlo le matšoenyeho. Leha ho le joalo, ho hlonama ho pakeng tsa khatello ea maikutlo, ho tšoenyeha le bokhoba ba marang-rang ha ho so fumanoe thutong ena.

Lintho tsa 20 tsa IAT li ka arohana ka lihlopha tse tharo, ho latela phapang ea palo ea batho ba sa amaneng, tlhekefetso le boits'epo. Likarolo tse tharo tsa IAT li bonts'a hore lintho tse ling li khona ho tsebahatsa karolo e ngoe le e ngoe ea temallo (le hoja lintho tse ling li ka ba molemo bakeng sa ho khetholla lithuto tse tloaelehileng kapa tse lemalloang), athe lintho tse ling li khona ho supa boemo ba ho itšetleha ka lithuto. Phuputsong ena, mathata a ho robala, liphetoho tsa maikutlo, le ho tenyetseha li ne li hlahelletse sehlopheng sa batšehetsi, empa ho ne ho se na phapang e kholo linthong tsena lipakeng tsa lihlopha tse sa lemalleng le tlhekefetso.

Boitšoaro bo hlephileng, boitšoaro bo bobe ba thobalano, le ho fokotseha hoa lithahasello tsa sechaba li ne li tebile haholo sehlopheng sa tlhekefetso ho feta sehlopheng sa batho ba sa lemalleng, 'me se ne se le matla haholo sehlopheng sa batho ba tšepang bana.. Liphetho tsena li tsamaisana le liphetho tsa lithuto tse fetileng.²⁶^,²⁷^,²⁸ Likamano tse senyehileng tsa batho, leha ho le joalo, ha li a ka tsa bontša mokhoa o ts'oanang le likarolo tse ling tsa boitšoaro. Ho bonahala eka bafo sehlopheng sa tlhekefetso ba na le likamano tse ntle le ba bang ho fapana le ba sehlopheng se seng bokhoba. Sena se ka hlalosoa ka litsela tse peli. Taba ea pele, phuputso ha ea ka ea khetholla mantsoe 'metsoalle ea inthaneteng' le metsoalle ea 'marang-rang' mme sena se felletse ka keketseho ea nako. Bakeng sa ho hlakisa sena, re tla tlameha ho khetholla ka ho hlaka poleloana, 'metsoalle e seng molaong' ho tloha ho metsoalle ea 'inthaneteng' pele ho tlhahlobo. Taba ea bobeli, sena se ka boela sa hlalosoa ke litlaleho tsa pejana tse fanang ka maikutlo a hore Marang-rang a tloaetse ho lefella mathata a puisano a batho ba tsebang le ba ikarotseng.²⁹ Tlhahisoleseling mabapi le boemo ba motho ba likamano pakeng tsa batho pele motho a bontša litšobotsi tsa tlhekefetso ea inthanete kapa ho itšetleha ka eona e lokela ho fumanoa ho lekola hantle phello ea inthanete likamanong tsa batho.

Phuputso ena e na le meeli. Qobello ea pele ke hore li-comorbidities tsa kelello tsa lithuto sehlopheng seo e seng tlatsetso li ne li sa hlahlojoe. Ka lebaka la mefokolo ena, liphetho tsa rona ha li bonts'e phapang ea li-comorbidities tsa kelello pakeng tsa lihlopha tse sa lemalleng le tse lemalloang. Ntlha ena, leha ho le joalo, ha e tlohele morero oa mantlha oa ho bapisa li-comorbidities tsa kelello pakeng tsa tlhekefetso ea inthanete le lihlopha tsa batho ba ikemiselitseng ho its'ireletsa. Moeli oa bobeli ke hore thuto ena e ile ea etsoa joalo ka thuto e arohaneng. Phuputso e lebelletsoeng nako e telele e ea hlokahala ho khetholla mabaka a tlisoang ke bokhoba ba marang-rang le litlamorao tsa kelello.

Ka ho phethela, ho na le phapang litabeng tsa kelello le maikutlo a boitšoaro mahareng a bacha ba banna ba nang le tšekamelo ea ho hlekefetsoa ka marang-rang le ho ikemela. Liphumano tsena li fana ka maikutlo a hore tlhekefetso ea marang-rang le ho itšetleha ka marang-rang li na le psychopathology e fapaneng. Motheong oa liphetho tsena, lipatlisisong tse tlang, re tla khona ho etsa lipatlisiso tse ngata mabapi le mochini oa tlhekefetso le ts'ebeliso ea kelello le tlhekefetso. Hape, ho latela pono ea kalafo, haeba mabaka a ho ferekana kelellong a fumaneha ho tlhekefetso ea marang-rang le sehlopha sa ts'ehetso, o tla thusa ho thibela ho phetoa kapa ho mpefala hoa eona.

lumela hore baa fokola

Phuputso e ne e tšehelitsoe ke thuso e tsoang ho Morero oa R&D oa Korea Health Technology, Lekala la Bophelo le Boiketlo, Rephabliki ea Korea (HI12 C0113 (A120157)).

References

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